What are miscarriages. Why miscarriage occurs in early pregnancy - the main reasons

The loss of a child causes a deep shock in parents. And seldom is grief lessened by the fact that the baby was still tiny and was in the womb. Almost always, a woman and a man go through this period very hard, but it is worth continuing to live on for the sake of their future children, who will definitely appear.

For many women, the information we have prepared below can bring up unpleasant memories and a bitter aftertaste. However, there are those who would be comfortable knowing more about their loss.

What is a miscarriage? At what time does it take place?

This term is widely used to explain early pregnancy loss, which could be normal or ectopic. According to general estimates, approximately 20-25% of all pregnancies end in miscarriage, which often occurs on such early dates that the woman is not even aware of this event. In this publication, we use this word, although from a medical point of view, this event is called spontaneous abortion.

Brief dictionary - what are miscarriages

Induced abortion is a planned voluntary termination of pregnancy. Sometimes it becomes a necessity due to certain diseases of the mother or fetus.

Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) - when the uterus pushes the fetus and membranes up to 28 weeks of pregnancy (sometimes up to 20 or up to 24 weeks - depending on the opinion of experts). In common parlance, a pregnancy is terminated before the fetus can survive outside the mother's womb. Almost 75% of miscarriages occur early - before 12 weeks of pregnancy.

Incomplete abortion - some tissue in this case is not expelled, but remains in the uterus. Curettage will be required to remove the remaining tissue from the uterine cavity.

Complete abortion - observed more often in the later stages (from 12 to 28 weeks), both the fetus and all amniotic membranes are expelled. AT this case a woman does not need cleaning (scraping).

Habitual miscarriage - when a woman loses a child as a result of spontaneous abortion more than 2 times in a row.

Many women are diagnosed with a "threatened miscarriage", but in most cases such a pregnancy can be saved if you go to the hospital in time.

Scraping (cleaning) is done under general anesthesia, local anesthesia or sedation. The method is selected by the doctor depending on the situation.

How does a miscarriage happen? Symptoms

When a miscarriage threatens a pregnancy, little depends on the woman herself, her family, and even medical workers. This is no less a terrible time, full of uncertainty and anxiety.

The pregnant woman is sent for an ultrasound, where the specialist will determine the opening. It is unfortunate, but if the heart does not beat and the cervix is open, then the miscarriage has either already occurred, or will inevitably happen in the near future.

A miscarriage may be followed by its threat, but sometimes it can occur without any precursors (it does not matter, the precursors did not appear in or).

The very first signs of interruption:

Uterine bleeding, which may increase.
Painful contractions in the lower abdomen, similar to menstrual pain.

If a complete spontaneous abortion occurs, then bleeding and pain stop. If incomplete, symptoms will be present until the complete cleaning of the uterine cavity.

Why is the pregnancy terminated?

There are many possible causes such as infections, hormonal imbalances, problems with implantation or with the placenta. More often than not, something went wrong immediately or shortly after conception and the fetus does not develop properly.

For most women, it is impossible to determine why a miscarriage occurred. Even after extensive testing.

Here are some of the most common reasons:

Abdominal surgery.

Surgical intervention in the area abdominal cavity a history (for example, a woman had previously had an operation to remove an ovarian cyst) quite often leads to habitual or solitary miscarriages

Empty fertilized egg

Sometimes the egg is fertilized but does not continue to divide. The pregnancy test and hCG analysis will be positive, the fetal sac is formed, but the baby itself is not. In this case, an interruption occurs from 7 to 12 weeks.

Any severe or poorly controlled chronic disease

Diseases such as hypothyroidism and diabetes, if left unchecked, can cause miscarriage, although rarely.

Isthmic-cervical insufficiency.

Insufficiency of the cervix, when it is unable to hold the contents of the uterus and dilates painlessly too early, usually after 14 weeks. According to the Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Russia: “If cervical insufficiency was detected at a period of 12 to 26 weeks, surgical correction was performed according to the McDonald method. Women were also examined for the presence of urogenital infections and their hormonal levels were studied. After the operation, tocolytic , hormonal and antibacterial therapy, rectal suppositories with interferon and sanitation of the lower genital tract were performed with an aqueous solution of povidone-iodine.Thus, timely diagnosis and such treatment in 95% of cases made it possible to obtain viable newborns, and in 79% of cases made it possible to prolong the pregnancy to full term ."

Chromosomal defects or abnormalities.

Most chromosomal abnormalities or defects occur by chance, and in most cases their causes are unknown.

direct injury.

A strong direct blow to the lower abdomen can damage the uterus and placenta.

immunological problems.

Sometimes (for example, with a Rh conflict), the mother's immune system begins to reject the fetus, defining it as an aggressor for the woman's body.

Infections or viruses

For example, listeriosis or toxoplasmosis is very dangerous for the fetus.

Anomalies in the shape of the uterus

Excessive abuse of bad habits.

If the expectant mother smokes, consumes large doses of alcohol or drugs every day, then the likelihood of losing a child increases.

How to avoid losing a child?

The success of this event depends on the stage at which the interruption process is currently located. If a woman has a threat of miscarriage with aching pain in the lower abdomen and small spotting, then a medical institution can carry out preserving treatment and the child's life will be saved.

If blood clots appear, the bleeding intensifies and the pulling pains do not stop, then in this case everything can end well, you just need to seek help from the hospital in time.

But when parts of the fetal egg are already visible in the discharge, then nothing can be done.

A lot of research has been done and so far they have not found a way that would 100% guarantee protection against miscarriage. Why? The reason is that in most cases, a pregnant woman loses a fetus that is not viable. It has been established that bed rest, the absence of heavy physical exertion or malnutrition do not affect abortion in any way.

The materials of the Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Russia indicate:

In patients with alloimmune disorders, the therapy of choice is a combination of active and passive immunization in the first trimester of pregnancy. In autoimmune pathology (APS), the most effective is the appointment of antithrombotic therapy in a continuous mode up to 16 weeks of pregnancy.

Life after a miscarriage

Period.

The next period will begin approximately 30-45 days after the interruption.

Depending on the duration of the pregnancy loss, the uterus may remain enlarged for 1-2 months.

Allocations

Normally, discharge lasts no more than 2 weeks. At the same time, their number must necessarily decrease, there should be no pain and an unpleasant odor. Most often, with a complete miscarriage without cleaning, only a brown "daub" remains after 1-2 days.

Normally, there should be no pain. Maximum - mild pulling pains, which are associated with the restoration of the uterus to its previous size. In other cases, pain indicates the remnants of the membranes, endometrium in the uterus, or infection, inflammation, chronic disease. Be sure to consult your doctor if the pain is severe or does not go away for a long time.

HCG test

A blood test for hCG will show a high amount for 2-3 weeks, but the level will gradually fall.

After a late miscarriage, a woman may begin to produce milk. Breast milk, as a rule, does not appear if the pregnancy lasted less than 14 weeks. Lactation can be suppressed with drugs, avoid breast stimulation at first and wear a special bra at all times.

Planning for the next pregnancy

In most cases, the likelihood of another pregnancy after termination is not complicated by anything. But it is very important to try together with the doctor to determine the cause that led to the miscarriage in order to protect yourself in the future.

When to get pregnant? Not earlier than six months after the loss of the child.

An early miscarriage is not uncommon, but despite this it is a great tragedy for families who planned a child and prepared for his birth. For what reasons can spontaneous abortion occur, what are the signs of trouble, and can the woman herself prevent misfortune?

Main features

Typically, a miscarriage in early pregnancy is manifested by the following two symptoms: pain in the lower abdomen and bloody, beige or brown discharge from the vagina. The pain is similar to that which occurs during menstruation or intestinal upset. If these signs or even one of them appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. The sooner you do this, the higher the chance to save the child, if it is not a frozen or ectopic pregnancy, of course ...

Main reasons

Can cause miscarriage in early pregnancy great amount reasons, and often what caused the interruption remains unknown. Most often, severe chromosomal pathologies are to blame, that is, the fetus simply turns out to be unviable. In this case, it will not be possible to save the situation in any way ... Therefore, it is very important to prevent pathologies of the neural tube before and during pregnancy; significantly reduces the risk of pathologies folic acid, which should be started drinking 2-3 months before conception.

Others are hormonal. In the second half of the menstrual cycle and the entire first half of pregnancy, the hormone progesterone is responsible for the “safety” of the fetus. But in many women there is a shortage of it, and therefore it is impossible to do without medical maintenance of pregnancy.

Another good reason for fetal rejection is infection. Even SARS in a mild form can lead to such unpleasant consequences. Although, it should be noted that more often miscarriages occur due to a sexual infection, which a woman has contracted while already in an interesting position. For example, such a dangerous infection is herpes. Accordingly, the advice is to get the necessary vaccinations before pregnancy (against rubella, for example), do not appear without great need in crowded places (especially in the cold season, when it is especially easy to catch some kind of “infection”), dress according to the weather, do not overcool and , of course, before conception, treat STIs (if any).

Another reason, although quite rare, is an “excessively” strong immunity that provokes rejection of the fetus. To prevent this from happening, a woman must take medications that suppress the immune system. They are prescribed by a doctor.

Or, various teratogenic effects can cause severe malformations in the fetus. X-ray radiation is by itself, but some may turn out to be no less dangerous for the embryo. medicines and even herbs. That is why women who are preparing to become mothers, as well as planning a pregnancy, should never self-medicate. And in case of illness, the attending physician should also be warned about his situation. In this case, he will select the safest drugs for the unborn child.

In general, above we have already given several useful tips, but it is worth mentioning a few ordinary situations that you can prevent.

1. Physical activity. Of course, no one says that the expectant mother should lie down during the entire pregnancy. Physical activity is necessary, but only within reasonable limits. Do not carry heavy bags or lift children. But walks at a slow pace and special ones (but only starting from the second trimester) are very useful. In the first trimester, it is better to take care, especially if you have had miscarriages before.

2. Taking a bath. Many women believe that a hot bath is dangerous for expectant mothers. In a sense, this is true, because hot water leads to an increase in temperature throughout the body, provokes an acceleration of blood circulation. Therefore, if a bath, then only warm, and even better a shower. In the bathroom, for safety reasons, be sure to put a rubber mat.

3. Repair. Having learned about the imminent birth of a child, both the happy future mother herself and her relatives begin to prepare for this solemn event. They buy furniture for a nursery, clothes for a newborn and other accessories, and also do ... repairs. No one argues with the fact that a child should grow up in good conditions and cleanliness, but do not forget that it is very harmful for the expectant mother and this very “culprit” of the repair to breathe fumes that emit paint, glue, etc.

4. Taking vitamins. How so? After all, vitamins are prescribed by all doctors to pregnant women. Yes, no doubt, but many ladies believe that the more vitamins a child receives, the healthier he will be, while an overdose of some vitamins can not only adversely affect the health of an unborn baby, but also provoke a miscarriage in the early stages ... To For example, you need to be very careful with vitamin A.

5. Sex. Is it possible to do it during pregnancy, and in particular - in the first trimester? Doctors-conservatives of the old school do not recommend. In many Soviet medical sources, you can read information that in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and the last 8 weeks, sex can provoke a miscarriage. Modern doctors say that intimate relationships will not bring harm if it is absent (or late). And positive emotions, on the contrary, are very necessary for the expectant mother, and for dad too ... The main thing is that sex should not be rough, penetration is too sharp and deep. If you experience a strong, prolonged tone of the uterus, abdominal pain and the appearance of bloody or brown discharge from the genital tract, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Here is the main thing that future parents and next of kin should take into account. Happy pregnancy and easy birth of a healthy baby!

The cause of a miscarriage may be insufficient attachment of the fetal egg to the uterine cavity. Then its detachment occurs and the pregnancy is terminated. A gynecologist can detect in a future mother an insufficient amount of progesterone (the hormone responsible for the development of pregnancy), as a result, the fetus dies in the very first weeks. To avoid miscarriage, a special drug with artificial hormone support is prescribed. After the 16th week of pregnancy, there is no need to take it. The cause of miscarriage may be pathologies in the uterine cavity, for example, a tumor or polyposis, which, growing, does not leave room for the fetus, or an infection introduced into the uterus or child's place. Ectopic pregnancy (when fertilized the egg is not fixed in the uterus) almost always causes a miscarriage, because the fetus will die in the first three months of its life due to lack of space. In order to avoid a rupture of the fallopian tube, it is necessary to diagnose a tubal pregnancy as early as possible and carry out surgical intervention. Miscarriages in women over 35 years of age are explained by disturbances in the process of ovulation, which is an age-related pathology. It is important here not to despair and try again. If pregnancy occurs in a woman with an IUD, and the spiral remains inside the uterus, a miscarriage can be at any time, since a foreign body can easily damage the amniotic sac. The hormonal background of future parents should be studied, abortion is often due to an incorrect chromosome set or the presence of genetic diseases in the unborn baby. Abnormalities in the structure of the uterus, various scars, partitions, scars, etc. can be the cause of a miscarriage. Sexually transmitted infections and certain immune disorders, such as anticardiolipid syndrome or antiphospholipid factor, can cause pregnancy termination at any time. To identify such deviations, special analyzes are needed. A detailed coagulogram, for example, providing information, in particular, on the presence of lupus syndrome. Chronic infections are especially dangerous. Sometimes the cause is environment, it is believed that a miscarriage is the response of the female body to the troubles of the environment. Mother's smoking, malnutrition, lack of proper sleep, stress and other factors can provoke an abortion. At any time, placental abruption can occur. A miscarriage can be provoked by weight lifting, slight falls, which rarely leads to bad consequences. Usually, if the mother is healthy and the fetus develops without pathologies, miscarriage does not occur. But if there is a threat of abortion or health problems for the pregnant woman herself, a spontaneous abortion or premature birth may occur. The diagnosis - habitual miscarriage - is made if the woman had 3 miscarriages in a row without a normal pregnancy. In this case, the chance of carrying a child is reduced, but it is still there. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate all infections, undergo a comprehensive examination and try again to conceive a child.

Most pregnancies end in miscarriages. Sometimes this happens before the moment when the woman finds out about her pregnancy. There are several reasons why this happens.

Highly common cause is an injury, fall, severe bruising or other physical impact on a pregnant woman. It can also be due to lifting or carrying heavy objects. Such loads negatively affect the woman's body, thereby leading to rejection of the fetus. As a result, there is a violation of the tightness of the uterus. This leads to an unexpected opening of the cervix, which leads to the death of the fetus (regardless of the gestational age).

The second reason is the improper development of the fetus in genetic terms. That is, a defective fetus, which has a low chance of surviving after birth, is destroyed by the body of a pregnant woman. As a rule, this happens immediately after the fertilization of the egg, so the woman does not even know about pregnancyor miscarriage.

The third reason is the appearance infectious diseases during pregnancy (tonsillitis, pneumonia, appendicitis, pyelonephritis and even influenza). This is because any pathogen infectious disease has the ability to destroy the embryo when it enters its circulatory system through the maternal placenta.

The fourth reason is the pathological structure of the female genital organs. For example, the uterus may be poorly adapted to the process of carrying a fetus, as a result of which it is forced to expel the fetus from the body. Also, a large number of abortions (especially with complications) can lead to a miscarriage.

The fifth reason is actual problem for a modern woman - constant stress and psychological stress. As a rule, a miscarriage due to excitement can occur in any week, but most often this happens at 15-16 and 28 weeks. A pregnant woman should be very attentive to any changes and try to lead a calm lifestyle. This will allow you to bear the fetus and give birth to a healthy and strong baby.

Why miscarriage occurs - causes and consequences

A woman who has experienced a miscarriage should know that what happened does not put an end to the issue of having children for her. "In 80% of cases, subsequent pregnancies go well and end in delivery," says Henry Lerner, MD, clinical professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Harvard Medical School. In the vast majority of situations, the causes of spontaneous miscarriage in the early stages are unknown and are an isolated case in the gynecological history of a woman. If a spontaneous abortion is repeated for the second and third time, it is extremely important to look for the cause of the pathology in order to find out why a miscarriage occurs and how to protect yourself from it.

For the threat of miscarriage, the reasons can be very diverse. Experts report that in 80% of cases, a miscarriage occurs in up to 12 weeks. At the same time, the highest risk of an unfavorable combination of circumstances falls on the period from 4 to 6 weeks. Once your baby's beating heart can be seen on an ultrasound, the risk of spontaneous pregnancy drops every day.

Why miscarriage occurs in the early stages, explain the largest clinical institutions in the world. According to media reports:

Duke University staff in North Carolina, they claim that a random error in the chromosomes is the cause of 70% of miscarriages that occur before 6 weeks of pregnancy.
Scholars of the School of Medicine on Mount Sinai they are sure that the main reason for the threat of miscarriage lies in the age of the mother and father. In women under 35 there is a 25% risk of miscarriage during the first six weeks, and in women after 40 it rises to 42%.
Mayo Clinic Researchers in Rochester report that up to 55% of miscarriages before 12 weeks of gestation are caused by mutations that form a gestational sac without an embryo.

In the medical literature, researchers identify several of the most common causes of miscarriage:

Chromosomal abnormalities. According to scientists, this is the most common cause, causing up to 60% of miscarriages. Chromosomes are the tiny structures in cells that carry genes. Each person has 23 pairs - one set from the mother, the second from the father. Sometimes when a sperm cell meets an egg, a failure occurs, as a result of which the chromosomes cannot line up as expected by nature, which can lead to a miscarriage, since the embryo in this case has chromosomal abnormalities. Couples who have experienced multiple miscarriages without fail are screened for chromosomal abnormalities that can negatively affect pregnancy. Experts advise women to be patient if one miscarriage occurs. When the situation repeats, laboratory analysis is necessary - chromosomal testing. If chromosomes are not a criterion for why a miscarriage occurs in early pregnancy, doctors begin to look for other causes that can be cured.
Anomalies of the uterus. An incorrect or disharmonious structure of the uterus can cause a miscarriage. This is explained by the fact that the embryo either cannot implant into the uterus, or does not receive good nutrition to sustain life. This type of anomaly explains up to 10% of situations in which searches are being made for why miscarriage occurs in the early stages and what explains spontaneous abortion. Most often, a septum in the uterus or a weakened cervix that is unable to withstand a growing embryo contributes to an unfavorable course of pregnancy. In the presence of such a pathology, the uterine septum is corrected surgically, a suture is applied to the weakened cervix. And in addition to these factors, a woman after conception is recommended bed rest or hospitalization, so that most of the time she is in a calm and relaxed state, contributing to the normal course of pregnancy. If the risk of developing negative state too large, the woman is placed in a hospital, where she is monitored around the clock.
Immunological disorders. In the normal course of pregnancy, the embryo is not perceived female body as a foreign agent. However, there are situations when a woman's body recognizes a stranger in him, producing specific antibodies that try to destroy him.
Causes of early miscarriage lie in such adverse conditions as hypo- and hyperthyroidism and uncontrolled diabetes. Both diseases cause adverse changes in the uterine environment, creating difficulties for the normal functioning of the embryo. With a history of these diseases, a woman should change her habitual lifestyle and follow the recommendations of doctors in order to keep her condition under control. As for the state of the thyroid gland, specialized medications are used to normalize the hormonal background.
Another explanation Why early miscarriage occurs lies in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with this syndrome have high levels of the male hormone testosterone, which among other things causes irregular ovulation and throws off the established schedule. menstrual cycle. Polycystic ovary syndrome causes insulin resistance even in women who do not have diabetes. This creates difficulties in the normal maturation of the endometrium. According to medical estimates, in more than 5% of women, this reason explains why a miscarriage occurs and what should be considered when planning the next pregnancy. Oral anti-diabetic drugs such as metformin are used as therapy for the negative condition.
Bacterial infections. Why a miscarriage occurs with the appearance of pathogenic bacteria in the body, doctors explain to women even at the stage of pregnancy planning. Many microorganisms live on the male and female genital organs without causing tangible harm by their presence. But some bacteria can cause problems with normal pregnancy and increase the risk of miscarriage. Ideally, it is necessary to undergo an examination before conception in order to cure diseases, since the only way to get rid of pathogenic microflora is to use antibiotics and other potent drugs.
In preparation for pregnancy the doctor explains why an early miscarriage occurs if the mother leads an asocial lifestyle or abuses bad habits. Among the factors that negatively affect pregnancy are alcohol, cigarettes, drugs, toxins. We have known about nicotine since childhood, however, over the years, there are no fewer women who smoke. Nicotine crosses the placenta, interfering with the blood supply and development of the fetus. Smokers have twice the risk of miscarriage as non-smokers. Daily use of alcohol and drugs also increase the risk of developing an undesirable scenario. It also increases in women employed in industries where there are strong odors - toxins. These are dental offices, hairdressers and beauty salons, farms, hospital laboratories and other similar places. A woman who does not want to find out after conception why a miscarriage occurs should stop any contact with dangerous factors.

In addition to these factors, risk criteria are age and lack of vitamins in the body. Studies have shown that older women are more likely to experience an early miscarriage, the reasons lie in the deterioration of health, which increases with age, the risk of developing chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus and genetic defects. There is medical statistics according to which a young woman at the age of 20-22 has a chance to give birth to a child with developmental disabilities in 1 case out of 800, and after 40 years in 1 case out of 120. Agree, the difference is more than obvious.

As far as vitamins are concerned, it becomes obvious why miscarriage occurs when looking at the situation in detail. Researchers have found that a lack of vitamins D and B increases a woman's risk of miscarriage. But an excess of vitamin A, on the contrary, threatens with complications. It is strictly forbidden to make a decision on the use of vitamin supplements on your own. Recommendations are given by the observing obstetrician gynecologist, who has studied the health of a woman and knows how to build a pregnancy management program.

Also, the causes of the threat of miscarriage in the early stages contain the following conditions among the dangerous factors:

Overweight or underweight. Obese women (BMI of 30 or more) have a higher risk of miscarriage. The risk group also includes overly thin women, whose body finds it difficult to cope with the growing load;
Large uterine fibroids and other tumors are benign neoplasms, often diagnosed during a gynecological examination of women. Of particular danger are large fibroids or tumors showing tissue growth in response to pregnancy hormones;
Certain drugs can cause a threat of miscarriage in the early stages. Each drug, each remedy and dietary supplement should be discussed with a doctor, since many drugs can provoke the development of life-incompatible defects in the embryo;
Short time interval between pregnancies. This is not a dogma explaining why a miscarriage occurs in the early stages. But experts believe that getting pregnant again less than six months after a previous successful pregnancy means slightly, but increasing the risk of miscarriage, since the body of a woman who has recently given birth did not rest and did not get the opportunity to restore lost strength.

Whatever it was, but each of the above points is not the ultimate truth. It has been proven that a glass of good wine a couple of times during pregnancy is not harmful. The medicine agreed with the doctor will not cause it either. However, sometimes it is these factors that, when abused, are decisive in the development of the pathological condition of spontaneous termination of pregnancy.

ICI is a common cause of miscarriage at a later date

One of the reasons explaining why there are miscarriages is ICI - isthmic-cervical insufficiency, when, due to the fault of the cervix and isthmus opening under the pressure of the growing fetus, a spontaneous abortion occurs. The condition is one of the most common causes of miscarriage in the later stages - from 11 to 27 weeks of pregnancy.

The cause of this condition is previous manipulations with the uterus - a history of abortion, childbirth, curettage. These manipulations negatively affect the state of the muscle ring. If scar tissue has formed in areas whose structure was damaged earlier, they become inelastic, incapable of stretching and subsequent contraction.

However, the causes of the manifestation of ICI are not necessarily the physical nature of education. We can also talk about the hormonal basis of the pathology, when, after the rise in testosterone levels and the fall in progesterone levels, an abnormal condition develops in the woman's body, causing a miscarriage.

The first signs of a miscarriage - symptoms and signs

Some bleeding during implantation of the embryo into the uterine lining is normal. During this period, implantation bleeding may develop, as a result of which slight bloody strokes or brownish discharge from the vagina will remain on the linen. According to the American Pregnancy Association, bleeding does not always signal the first signs of a miscarriage - 20-30% of all pregnancies have some bleeding in the initial stages, and about half of these situations do not prevent a normal full-term pregnancy. If the cervix opens during bleeding, this is a dangerous condition during which spontaneous abortion can occur. The following signs of a threatened miscarriage in the early stages should alert:

Dark brown or bright scarlet blood from the vagina, with convulsions;
heavy bleeding with or without spasms;
Bleeding that will contain dense clots and pieces of internal tissues;
Sudden onset of bleeding with increasing intensity of blood loss.

If these signs of a threatened miscarriage are observed, you should immediately contact your doctor or call an emergency medical team.

An alarming factor is spasms. In connection with the implantation of the embryo, minor convulsions can be observed at an earlier date. This is a kind of reaction of the body to the changes taking place in the body. Normally, spasms are mild and pass quickly. If the following signs of a threatened miscarriage are observed, the situation is out of control:

Seizure intensity increases, from a moderate nature they become heavy and strong, surpassing the spasmodic pain during menstruation in intensity;
Pain in the lower abdomen and cramps they begin to move into the lumbar region and give off strong discomfort throughout the body;
duration of spasms more than 5-10 minutes - a reason to be wary;
If spasms are accompanied by heavy bleeding- this may be a sign of an incipient miscarriage, you should immediately see a doctor.

According to doctors, fluid or mucus released from the vagina can also be a cause for concern. Light pink mucus interspersed with a harder mass may be placental tissue. If you have warning symptoms, hurry to see a doctor. Other signs of an early miscarriage include:

Unexplained and uncontrolled weight loss;
Sudden cessation of pregnancy symptoms (swelling and soreness of the mammary glands, nausea due to strongly pronounced odors, frequent urination, etc. disappear);
The ultrasound does not show the heartbeat on the computer monitor, the imaging equipment does not give an idea of the developing life in the womb.

Often, the expectant mother herself feels that something terrible is happening. Even without knowing how an early miscarriage manifests itself, many women accurately determine the pathological condition.

After 20 weeks, the loss of a pregnancy is called a stillbirth. This pathology accounts for 1 child out of 200 successful children. In general, the causes of late miscarriage remain partly unknown, but the most likely factors for them are:

High blood pressure;
Diabetes;
Smoking;
Excess weight;
Multiple pregnancy and more.

These reasons are similar to those that adversely affect the development of the embryo in early pregnancy.

Why miscarriages happen and what to do after a miscarriage

If a woman has had two or more miscarriages, she is advised to undergo an examination to find the cause. About half of the cases remain unanswered to the question of why a miscarriage occurs in early pregnancy, but in the other 50% health problems are found, which in some situations can be corrected by well-designed treatment. Most often, these are autoimmune diseases (in which the immune system attacks the embryo, destroying it), thyroid problems, uterine deformities, or other causes.

Abusive parents who wonder why they miscarry can be tested for bleeding disorders (some women produce antibodies that attack their own tissues, causing blood clots to clog the mother's blood vessels that feed the placenta).

To examine the uterus, ultrasound, MRI and CT, hysteroscopy are performed, and the embryo itself can be tested for the presence of chromosomal abnormalities to clarify the causes of spontaneous miscarriage. If any of the causes is confirmed, doctors do everything possible to eliminate the problem of miscarriage from a woman's life.

So, to diagnose a pathological condition and when certain symptoms of a miscarriage appear in the early stages, the doctor uses:

Inspection for signs dilatation of the cervix;
Ultrasound to check the fetal heartbeat and determining signs of embryo development. If the diagnosis is difficult, it is recommended to undergo a second ultrasound a week after the first one. Ultrasound can also provide information about the presence of ectopic pregnancy when a fertilized egg develops in the fallopian tube. When performing an ultrasound, the bladder should be full. A woman is advised to drink plenty of water before visiting an ultrasound room. The method of delivery varies - the doctor can drive the scanning element over the abdomen and use a vaginal probe to insert into the vagina to get better image quality fallopian tubes and ovaries.
Blood tests - are given when there are signs of a threatened miscarriage in the early stages. The attending physician checks the level of the pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), to compare it with previous measurements. If the nature of changes in the level of hCG is noticeable, this is a serious reason to be wary. At the same time, a decrease in the level of hCG in the blood or a stop of the hormone at the same indicators requires special attention.
Through blood tests the doctor determines the woman's blood type, if this has not been done before. According to the data obtained, anemia can also be detected - a dangerous condition for a pregnant woman.
Tissue research secreted from the vagina, confirming a miscarriage in the laboratory;
Chromosomal tests- in the presence of two or more unsuccessful pregnancies in history, both parents are sent to identify chromosomal pathologies.

It is important to remember that most women who have a miscarriage go on to have successful pregnancies. According to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, even after four consecutive miscarriages, about 65% of women subsequently give birth to a healthy and strong baby, carried throughout the pregnancy. Do not lose sight of the fact that when compiling statistics on why miscarriages occur in early pregnancy, quite a wide segment of the population as a whole is examined. The sample includes women of all ages, with various health problems, and women who did not receive proper prenatal care and qualified assistance when registering with a consultation. A person's risk of having a miscarriage depends on many factors such as age, general health, and previous medical history. It cannot be calculated based on a statistical sample.

Why there may be a miscarriage and what treatment exists

Once the signs of a spontaneous miscarriage have appeared and the miscarriage has begun, there is nothing that can be done to stop it. Any treatment is aimed at preventing severe bleeding and infection. Discuss with your doctor which treatment options are best for you. An individually tailored therapeutic protocol, taking into account the characteristics of a particular patient, will allow safe and effective treatment.

We examined above why miscarriages occur in the early stages, we mentioned the causes of miscarriage in the second trimester, and identified diagnostic procedures to detect a pathological condition. Let's take a closer look at treatment options.

Expectant tactics

Sometimes waiting tactics bring good results. After abnormal changes in the body of a woman, doctors often choose this method. After the first signs of a miscarriage appear in the early stages and the diagnosis is confirmed, it is worth waiting for the tissues to leave the body naturally. This period can take up to three to four weeks. While waiting for the release of tissues, a woman may experience slight bleeding and discharge of bloody fluid from the vagina.

At the time of passage of tissues through the birth canal, bleeding intensifies and becomes more intense, other signs of miscarriage may appear in the early and late stages - cramping spasmodic pain. Use of sanitary napkins during this time is recommended (the use of tampons is strictly prohibited), and soothing pain symptoms with pain medications such as paracetamol. If an incomplete miscarriage occurs, and not all of the tissue is out of the body, it is necessary to take a wait-and-see approach. But if, with a spontaneous miscarriage, the symptoms contain severe bleeding or signs of a developing infection, you should immediately move on to other therapeutic practices. Most often, the doctor recommends dilatation and curettage. Discuss your options with a specialist to make an informed decision.

What do you need to know?

Why miscarriages occur in the early stages in order to minimize the risk of developing an anomaly.
There are many reasons why some women prefer to wait and see for themselves after a miscarriage without taking any drastic measures.
Many women experience fear and confusion when they find out why an early miscarriage occurs, so bleeding causes them to panic. However, you should not panic at the first appearance of blood on your underwear. You need to call your doctor right away to find out what to do in the future.
Usually, waiting after a miscarriage takes longer than any other approach, such as surgery or medication. When implementing this tactic, the first signs of a miscarriage in the early stages in the form of bleeding and pulling pains in the lower abdomen can be delayed for up to 4 weeks.
For some women, waiting tactics are categorically not suitable, especially when it comes to an infection developing in the body, severe bleeding, or a prolonged waiting period.
Having experienced signs of a miscarriage in the early stages, and being in the period of waiting for the natural release of tissues alien to the body, a woman experiences a period of emotional burnout and emptiness.

Medical therapy

Drug therapy is available and can significantly speed up the process of exiting the tissue of the deceased embryo from the body after the termination of pregnancy. When a woman knows what symptoms during a miscarriage indicate an unfavorable set of circumstances, she already knows what the blood clots coming out of the vagina are talking about. If the ultrasound shows that there are tissues left inside, the drugs stimulate their release within a few hours from the moment of administration. Sometimes the period increases, much depends on the drugs themselves and the characteristics of the female body. Medical treatment is not suitable if there are signs of infection and heavy bleeding, if the symptoms of a threatened miscarriage are observed for more than 9 weeks. If medical therapy fails and tissue does not come out, the doctor recommends using dilation and curettage.

What you need to know

Tissues come out in the period from 4 to 6 hours after taking the medication recommended by the doctor. During this time, the woman may be in the hospital under the supervision of the attending physician. If the waiting period is prolonged, the specialist instructs to observe the first symptoms of a complete miscarriage and sends the patient home for further waiting.
After finding out the preliminary reasons why there may be a miscarriage, the drug therapy prescribed by the doctor can also provoke side effects. Tablets to stimulate tissue release can be taken orally or inserted into the vagina. In the first few hours after taking the drugs, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever and chills may occur.
A woman at this stage knows exactly what symptoms should be noted during a miscarriage after taking medication. The doctor tells this in case of development of possible complications. Some bleeding or short-term bleeding after taking medications is considered normal. When the tissue of the dead embryo leaves the body, there is an increase in blood loss with the appearance of clots.
Probably increased pain and intensity of spasms. Painkillers recommended by a doctor will help to cope with discomfort. For some women with high sensitivity and low pain threshold, pain relief injections are recommended for faster and more effective results.
If drug therapy does not give the expected effect, a surgical method of tissue removal is used.

Surgery

It is important for a woman to get to the bottom of the truth why there is an early miscarriage, but before proceeding to identify the causes, you should take care of your health and eliminate the consequences of a miscarriage. If expectant management and drug therapy have not yielded results, surgery is used to eliminate the tissues of the deceased embryo - a small operation called curettage. It is performed in the operating room under general anesthesia.

The doctor gets access to the tissues through the woman's vagina. The cervix is carefully opened by a specialist, and the tissue remaining after pregnancy is gently removed. The procedure itself takes about 10 minutes, but a woman who has experienced such signs of an early miscarriage as bleeding, dizziness and other discomfort should be under the supervision of a doctor for about 4-5 hours. This time is necessary to restore well-being.

After knowing why the miscarriage happened and deciding on curettage, you may have to wait a few days for the procedure. During this period, the tissues can come out on their own, and then the need for an operation disappears. In general, curettage is carried out in situations where there are such signs of an early miscarriage as severe bleeding and intense pain that cannot be drowned out. Also, the method is applied at the request of the woman herself, if there are no contraindications for its implementation.

What you need to know

The risks of having surgery are very low, but include:

Risk of leaving some tissue to be extracted inside the body, in the uterus. This can cause severe blood loss and the need to repeat surgery;
The risk of infection in the body;
Risk of damage to the cervix or the body of the uterus, which occurs extremely rarely (according to statistics - 1 case per 1000 operations), but, nevertheless, occurs in medical practice. As a result of the careless actions of the surgeon, a small hole or tissue rupture is formed on the uterus, which later heals itself.
There are also risks from the wrong choice of anesthesia.. This is a very rare situation, but also encountered in surgical practice.

Waiting for treatment

If you are experiencing signs of a miscarriage such as heavy bleeding with clots and convulsive pain, it is likely that tissues of the deceased embryo are leaving the body. If the bleeding is severe and does not stop for a long time, the help of specialists is needed. You must call the emergency medical team immediately if:

Signs of miscarriage in the first and second trimester are incessant blood loss, in which a woman changes sanitary pads more than twice an hour;
Large clots excreted with blood;
Experiencing severe pain in the abdomen and lower back that does not improve with the use of medications;
There was a strong fever. Chills, convulsions, fainting;
An unpleasantly smelling discharge from the vagina appeared, which indicates signs of a developing infectious process.

Pregnancy after a miscarriage

Many parents who have experienced a miscarriage fear that it will happen again in the next pregnancy. However, this is unreasonable; in most cases, pregnancy passes without complications.

The question of why it is impossible to become pregnant after a miscarriage without a period of recovery of physical and emotional health is asked by every mother who has lost a child. The answer is obvious - a certain period of time must pass when a woman is ready for a new conception. It is important to take into account the mistakes made in the past and prevent them from happening again.

If the physical balance returns to a relative norm within a couple of months after the miscarriage, then the psychological background of the woman who has experienced the loss can be restored for a longer period. Many women, hoping to find balance, try to conceive immediately after a failed attempt, despite medical advice to bide their time. Knowing what symptoms of an early miscarriage appear and why they happen, women try to minimize the likelihood of a negative event developing. But an organism that is not ready to bear a child, weakened by previous malfunctions in the reproductive system, may again not be able to cope with the situation.

Often a woman develops a depressive state, aggression, resentment towards others, she withdraws into herself, does not want to see anyone and meet with anyone. The best option is to visit an experienced psychologist. The specialist will help to cope with mental pain, survive the event without compromising the mental state of the failed woman in labor. A woman should clearly understand that emotional instability is another reason why it is impossible to become pregnant after a miscarriage without restoring a surge of mental strength.

Sex life after miscarriage

Sex after a miscarriage is a very controversial topic. There is a significant difference of opinion as to whether intimate life safe and what period of abstinence from bodily pleasures is considered optimal. Many women themselves avoid sexual contact due to a difficult psychological state. Recovery from a miscarriage can take anywhere from four weeks to three months. Accordingly, the first contacts are possible not earlier than a month after the incident. If scraping was used, experts recommend extending the period to 1.5 months.

However, you need to focus on the condition of the woman. By this time, the bleeding from the vagina should be completely completed, and the cervix should return to the closed position to prevent infection from entering the organ. Ideally, a woman should consult a doctor and see a gynecologist so that he gives permission to restore the relationship.

When to plan a new pregnancy

After resuming a relationship, do not consider it superfluous to consult a doctor about contraception. This will allow you to prepare the body for conception, restore strength for bearing a new fetus. Experts recommend postponing the start of a new pregnancy for six months, and in some situations for a year. During this time, you will undergo an examination, try to determine the reason for the miscarriage, and be ready to prevent the recurrence of a negative scenario in the future.

While preparing for a new pregnancy, do not remember what symptoms you had during an early miscarriage, do not bring this condition into your life, try to remove it from your memory. During the examination, you will have to pass the following tests:

Tests for the definition of STIs;
Examination of the organs of the reproductive system / ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
Genetic tests;
Tests to determine the biocompatibility of spouses and other tests prescribed by a doctor.

When a woman's cycle is restored, she becomes ready for a new conception. However, do not rush. Based on the results of examinations and tests, the doctor assesses the state of health, determines how much time it may take to restore the body. If the deadline has come, and the couple is sure that they are ready for pregnancy, it is necessary to consider the following aspects, the implementation of which increases the chance of a favorable combination of circumstances:

Future parents must eradicate bad habits. These include smoking, drug use, and alcohol abuse. Many researchers say that caffeine intake in large quantities also carries a risk for a normal pregnancy. Therefore, one cup of a strong and aromatic drink in the morning is quite an adequate dose if you cannot imagine life without coffee.
Reduce stressors as much as possible, since overstrain, nervous situation at home and at work do not contribute to the realization of the goal. It is necessary to provide the expectant mother with peace, relaxation, and rest. Eliminate quarrels and showdowns from your life. All of them affect the psychological state of a woman.
Adjustments should also apply to nutrition if it contains harmful products, fast food. You should reconsider the diet, include more vegetables and fruits in it, add vitamins if necessary. Any supplements and medications should be agreed with the doctor. To normalize mood and strengthen immunity, chamomile infusions, tea with lemon balm leaves and honey are useful if there are no allergic reactions to them.
A good step towards what was planned will be the exclusion of harmful professional factors from life.. If you work in a hazardous industry, inhale fumes that are hazardous to health, and are forced to visit unfavorable facilities, talk to your doctor. Perhaps, taking into account your past condition, you will be issued a sick leave. Many women themselves give up their careers, preferring the birth of a healthy and strong baby.
Do not forget that excess weight - another unfavorable factor for a normal pregnancy. While you have time to get ready, lose those extra pounds that prevent you from getting into perfect shape. Remove harmful snacks and overeating in the evenings. This will help you quickly get used to a properly structured eating schedule.

Often becoming pregnant, a woman is in no hurry to share her joy with loved ones, remembering the evil eye and being afraid to believe in the happiness of conception. However, experts do not advise doing this. In the initial stages of pregnancy and later, the support of loved ones is very important. Do not deprive them of the opportunity to help you, support you morally and physically.

Unfortunately, such a wonderful female condition as pregnancy, the body can independently interrupt and, for various reasons, get rid of the new life that is emerging in the womb. In medical practice, miscarriage in early pregnancy is considered to be the death of the embryo during the first 12 weeks after conception. According to statistics, in the world, every 5 woman experiences the loss of a child, not even knowing about her condition. From the point of view of obstetrician-gynecologists, miscarriage should be considered an unplanned miscarriage for up to 22 weeks.

The main periods in which there is a possibility of miscarriage

In medicine, a miscarriage is considered to be the rejection of the embryo by the mother's body for up to 22 weeks. When a spontaneous abortion occurs before the 12th week of the term, this is called early miscarriage. In the case when rejection occurs for a period of 12 to 22 weeks, miscarriage is considered late. There is also such a thing as "premature birth", when the process of spontaneous abortion occurs at a period of 23 to 37 weeks. During the period of fetal rejection at 37-42 weeks, doctors diagnose "urgent delivery", since a completely viable child is already being born.

From a medical point of view, a baby born before 22 weeks should be considered a fetus. In the case when the delivery took place from 22 to 37 weeks, the child should already be considered a premature newborn - his body weight is no more than 1.5 kilograms, and his height does not exceed 25 centimeters. Despite such physical data of the newborn, the achievements of modern medicine can save his life and ensure the continuation of development in special boxes with the help of intensive care.

How often do miscarriages occur?

In early pregnancy, women may experience miscarriages quite often. As a rule, this happens before the woman herself begins to understand that she is in an interesting position. It is worth noting that approximately three out of four eggs fertilized by sperm die in the first couple of days after conception, therefore, 1 out of 5 pregnancies is doomed to termination. Naturally, the failure of pregnancy at any time becomes a very difficult test for every woman, even if this happened in the first couple of weeks after conception, she will experience a strong emotional shock.

How does a miscarriage happen?

As you know, a miscarriage for a period of several weeks can occur completely unnoticed by a woman, since nothing bothers her, and she does not feel discomfort. Usually, in the process of waiting for the next menstruation, there is a slight delay that the woman registers. Then, after a few days, she may notice an increased volume of discharge during menstruation and experience severe pain.

In some cases, early miscarriage will be accompanied by short and moderate pain in the lower abdomen, profuse bleeding is also possible. In this case, a woman should immediately contact a gynecologist, especially if heavy bleeding does not stop within a couple of days. The specialist will conduct the necessary examination to exclude the development of complications due to an unsuccessful pregnancy.

Sometimes a woman may experience too painful periods, which come with a strong delay, and on one of the days a blood clot will come out with discharge. In this case, you can be sure that a spontaneous miscarriage occurred in the early stages of pregnancy. As a rule, the clot will resemble in its shape a burst bubble filled with blood, which can greatly frighten those who have encountered it for the first time. After the release of the clot has been fixed, you should immediately contact a gynecologist, undergo an examination and check if cleaning is needed.

Such a phenomenon as a miscarriage causes female body endure severe stress and physical discomfort. Despite the fact that many of the fair sex are aware that there is such a danger, few people have an idea about the causes of this phenomenon and methods for its prevention. In early pregnancy, miscarriage becomes a warning factor for parents. He reports that the female body is not yet ready to bear a child, or hints at health problems in both parents. It is at this point that you should pay attention to. In general, after the fact of termination of pregnancy at an early stage, it becomes necessary to strengthen the health of parents, otherwise the body will continue to get rid of unhealthy embryos.

Types of miscarriage

Incomplete miscarriage(inevitable) - accompanied by sharp pains in the lower abdomen, usually in the lumbar region, which is accompanied by profuse uterine bleeding. In this case, a slight opening of the cervix and rupture of the fetal membrane can be observed, so a miscarriage is considered inevitable. In the event that an incomplete miscarriage occurs, spotting and pain do not stop for a long time.

Missed miscarriage- meaning the fact of the death of the embryo (fetus), but at the same time it does not come out with blood, but continues to be in the uterine cavity. It should be noted that this state of affairs can really be determined only during an ultrasound scan and at a consultation with a doctor, when a specialist has the opportunity to listen to the fetal heartbeat.

Complete miscarriage- in this case, the death of the embryo occurs and its complete removal from the uterine cavity with bloody discharge. After such a spontaneous termination of pregnancy, it usually recovers quite quickly, moreover, the woman does not experience discomfort.

Anembryony- with this pathology, after the fact of fertilization of the egg, the process of fetal formation does not occur. The specialist can fix that the fertilized egg is attached to the wall of the uterus, moreover, the process of formation of the gestational sac with the yolk sac may even begin. But in any case, there is no fetus in the uterine cavity, even if there are first symptoms of pregnancy.

Repeated miscarriage- usually observed in cases where women have already had miscarriages in the early stages of pregnancy more than 3 times. Statistically, this problem occurs in 1% of modern young families. In many ways, this violation occurs due to the too fast rhythm of life, poor ecology and the general health of both parents.

Horinadenoma- this violation is observed due to a change in genetic information, after which, instead of a normal embryo, only a small piece of tissue begins to form, which eventually acquires a large volume. From a medical point of view, this painful condition should end in spontaneous termination of pregnancy - an abortion.

Causes of early miscarriage

Genetic disorders in the embryo. In the first weeks after conception, the most important thing happens - the laying of all the organs and systems of the unborn child. To ensure the healthy development of the embryo at this stage, 23 chromosomes are needed - equal, both from mother and father. In the event that even one of the genes turns out to be a mutating element, the female body recognizes the embryo as incapacitated and stimulates a miscarriage.

The development of such genetic abnormalities is influenced by factors such as viruses, poor ecology and harmful professional activities. Usually quite difficult to modern world fully protect against these factors, but you can reduce the risk. For example, you can protect, improve and prepare the body for conception and pregnancy by going on vacation in an ecologically clean place for a long period. It should be noted that when a miscarriage occurs in this way, there is nothing unnatural in this - this is a normal process, a kind of natural selection, which is characteristic of all living beings on the planet.

Disturbances in the hormonal background. As you know, hormones are fully responsible for the healthy functioning of the female body, providing a normal emotional background, the functionality of important systems, immunity and the ability to adapt to new conditions. When an incorrect ratio of hormones is observed in the female body, an early miscarriage may occur. Most often this is due to a lack of progesterone, or due to an overabundance of the male hormone testosterone. In the event that it is possible to diagnose this problem in a timely manner, a woman must undergo hormone therapy in order to prevent miscarriage.

Rhesus blood conflict. Conscious pregnancy planning involves a mandatory blood test of a woman and a man to determine the group and Rhesus. It is especially important to conduct this analysis for those women who have a negative Rh factor - in this situation, the Rh of the future father plays a significant role, since with the opposite indicator, a Rh conflict can form during pregnancy. This refers to the situation in which the fetus will inherit a positive Rh from the father, which will lead to the rejection of the embryo by the mother's body. A female body with a negative Rh will determine the tissues of the fetus as a foreign and dangerous object, therefore, it will provoke a miscarriage, in order to save itself.

When a man is Rh negative, there is no such problem with embryo rejection. It should be noted that if this pathology is diagnosed in advance, then doctors prescribe hormone therapy with progesterone to the woman. This hormone will play a protective role in her body for the fetus, therefore, the main reason for the occurrence of spontaneous miscarriage at an early stage will be eliminated.

The presence of serious infections in the body. Infections and their consequences negatively affect the health of any organism. Sexually transmitted infections that affect the organs of the genitourinary system are especially dangerous. When these diseases of a woman or a man become known, they should be immediately disposed of even before conception occurs. The fact is that the presence of this kind of infection during pregnancy leads to infection of the fetus, and as a rule, the female body will seek to get rid of the embryo with pathology.

Inflammatory and infectious diseases affecting internal organs. It is important to note that an early miscarriage can provoke any disease. internal organs, at which there was an increase in body temperature up to 38 degrees. Often, such a temperature will be accompanied by a general intoxication of the woman's body, so it will be difficult for him to keep the embryo in the uterus. It is for this reason that it is recommended to undergo a complete examination before planning a pregnancy in order to detect and treat any diseases. This is especially true for women with chronic diseases. Among other things, as necessary, it is worth getting vaccinated against viral diseases if there is a possibility of an epidemic, such as influenza.

abortion. Abortion has a strong impact on the general condition and activity of the female body. This operation is a kind of interference in the normal functioning of organs and systems, therefore, it has a lot of negative consequences. Especially strongly after an abortion, the general hormonal background of a woman can be disturbed. Consequently, if such an operation took place, then often a spontaneous miscarriage of a healthy embryo occurs, or even worse, infertility develops.

Medications. From a medical point of view, a woman should not take any medication during the first trimester of pregnancy. Any drugs can have a strong effect on her body and provoke the development of pathologies in the embryo. The same goes for many medicinal herbs, which doctors forbid to use in the early period of bearing a child. First of all, this applies to parsley, nettle, St. John's wort and tansy.

Stress and bad mood. Spontaneous miscarriage at an early date is inevitable if a woman has experienced a strong emotional shock, grief, or was long time in mental stress. These aspects extremely negatively affect the process of the birth of a new life and the subsequent formation of the fetus. In the absence of the ability to calm down on her own, the expectant mother can take some sedatives, but only on the recommendation of her doctor.

Wrong way of life. Modern women often lead not quite healthy lifestyle life, thereby worsening the general condition of your body. It is recommended to get rid of all bad habits, review the sleep and nutrition regimen at the stage of pregnancy planning in order to improve health by preparing the body for conceiving and bearing a child. A healthy pregnancy will be ensured by: good dream, balanced nutrition and lack of stress, otherwise, there is a serious risk of developing spontaneous miscarriage already in early pregnancy.

physical impact. Any unsuccessful fall and lifting of weights, provoke the occurrence of miscarriage in early pregnancy, if there are other factors listed in the previous paragraphs. When there are no other negative aspects, a miscarriage can only provoke a very strong physical effect on the mother's body.

The first signs of an early miscarriage

The most common first sign of an early miscarriage is heavy uterine bleeding, which can lead to blood clots. Most often, it accompanies severe pain, as during the course of menstruation. At best, these symptoms pass quickly enough, and the pregnancy does not fail, moreover, it continues to proceed calmly and without complications. Experts call this state of affairs the threat of miscarriage. Unfortunately, if it did start, then it cannot be prevented and the fetus cannot be saved.

The main symptoms of a miscarriage

First signs miscarriage threats - uterine bleeding and pain in the lower abdomen may be accompanied by pain in the lumbar region. As a rule, this pain is periodic in nature and is accompanied by discharge from the vagina, not only red, but also brown. With a timely visit to the doctor, there are still chances to keep the pregnancy, especially if the discharge was not too plentiful. When clots were visible during bleeding - pieces of tissue, this indicates that a miscarriage has already occurred.

One of the most common symptoms should be considered the tone of the uterus in the presence of uncomfortable pain. In the case when it is not accompanied by anything, doctors recommend that the expectant mother limit the intensity of physical activity and try to avoid stressful situations. Sometimes the pregnancy continues to proceed normally, even after the onset of these symptoms, but in any case, it is important for the expectant mother to be under constant medical supervision, as doctors determine the diagnosis is “threat of miscarriage”.

Symptoms of a miscarriage in the 2nd trimester

Usually, miscarriage symptoms at different times very similar and differ only in the degree of pain. In later pregnancy, a miscarriage will be indicated by damage to the amniotic fluid sac - dripping fluid from the vagina. In this case, you should immediately consult a doctor. Also, vaginal bleeding speaks of a miscarriage - this is a clear sign of a miscarriage at any time. Problems with the fetus are also indicated by the presence of blood clots during urination and pain, as well as internal bleeding, causing severe pain in the stomach and shoulder girdle.

Diagnosis of threatened miscarriage

Risk of miscarriage decreases to a minimum if the pregnancy is planned, to which future parents are approached with all seriousness. They undergo all the necessary examinations and take tests, and if any diseases have been identified, the specialist prescribes treatment. It is quite natural that all diseases detected in advance are easier to cure even before conception, and they will not have a negative effect on the embryo. From a medical point of view, specialists can diagnose "threatened miscarriage" even before the onset of conception and prescribe treatment in advance.

When conception did not occur as planned for a woman, a gynecologist can make a diagnosis of a threatened miscarriage at the next scheduled examination. When examining a woman who has a delay in menstruation, the gynecologist can already determine the expected gestational age, send her for tests and ask about her general health. A thorough first examination by a doctor will allow you to compile a general picture of the conditions of the expectant mother in order to predict the features of the course of pregnancy. If there are any problems, the gynecologist can make recommendations and prescribe safe treatment.

As a rule, the gynecologist is obliged to carry out the following manipulations, according to the expected period: check the compliance of the size of the uterus for a given week of pregnancy; check for uterine tone; determine if the cervix is closed; pay attention to the color and nature of the discharge (mucous or bloody). However, the most accurate and reliable method for diagnosing miscarriage, threatened miscarriage, or premature birth remains transvaginal ultrasound. When using this method, the doctor checks the length of the cervix and the condition of the internal os.

Methods of treatment of early miscarriage

With the threat of miscarriage, the first and most main what the gynecologist will recommend is strict adherence to bed rest. Sometimes a woman is not even allowed to get out of bed periodically to keep the baby. Naturally, in this case, it is necessary to completely avoid any physical activity in order to reduce the risks from the threat of miscarriage. In addition, you must try to reduce the amount of anxiety, stress, bad news and try not to think about the bad. A confident and positive attitude will help the body cope with difficulties, including the threat of miscarriage.

Few people know that the embryo from the first weeks of its existence in the womb feels it perfectly from the inside. That is why, any strong excitement adversely affects the state of the woman's body, which increases the risk of fetal rejection. A doctor can prescribe an infusion of valerian or motherwort to a future mother in order to combat nervous tension. A pregnant woman can independently organize relaxation therapy for herself: in case of strong excitement, it is convenient to sit on a sofa or in an armchair, start thinking about good things, turn on calm, pleasant music and brew tasty tea.

When a serious reason for the threat of termination of pregnancy is diagnosed, then relaxation methods and good thoughts are indispensable - it is necessary to follow the recommendations of the attending physician. The specialist, having found out the main reason for the threat of termination of pregnancy, prescribes hormonal therapy or another method of treatment in order to maintain the normal course of pregnancy. Future mother may prescribe progesterone or drugs for hyperandrogenism ( a large number male hormones in the body), as well as prescribe medications to combat the threat of Rhesus conflict.

If necessary, the gynecologist may prescribe additional intrauterine ultrasound. Thanks to such an examination, it is realistic to detect insufficiency, after which the doctor puts stitches on the cervix, which will ensure that the fetal egg is inside the uterus. Such an operation is performed under anesthesia in a hospital, while a special relaxing drug is administered to the pregnant woman. In most cases, diagnosing the threat of miscarriage in early pregnancy, its treatment takes place in a hospital.

Sometimes a woman is forced to go to bed until the very birth in order to be under constant medical supervision. Treatment in a hospital in some cases can switch to home compliance with the recommendations of doctors, moreover, a woman after undergoing treatment may no longer have any problems at all.

Ways to prevent miscarriage

In most cases, it is quite possible to avoid the risk of spontaneous abortion and the threat of miscarriage. A major role in this will be played by a timely complete examination by a doctor, who will reveal all sorts of inconsistencies and deviations in the organisms of a man and a woman. That is why the issue of procreation must be approached carefully and responsibly, planning everything necessary in advance. It is best to change the habits of the spouses at least six months in advance in order to prepare their bodies and even their lifestyle in general for conception and pregnancy. It is important to lead a healthy lifestyle in order to minimize the risk of miscarriage.

Doctors strongly recommend that women who have not yet given birth refuse to have an abortion in order to reduce the likelihood of a threatened miscarriage and the appearance of infertility in the future. Among other things, you should definitely stop smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages especially for women. Particular attention should be paid to the nutrition of potential parents - they should adhere to a full and balanced nutrition. It is also desirable to ensure eight hours of sleep and regular outdoor walks. It is also worth getting tested for the study of thyroid hormones.

Consequences of an early miscarriage

In medical practice, serious consequences of miscarriage in early pregnancy. Problems can only be in the case of provoking a miscarriage with medicinal or "folk" remedies, as well as in the case when particles of the fetus remain in the uterine cavity. Most often this can happen at later stages of bearing a child. That is why experts strongly recommend early preventive cleaning of the uterus after spontaneous abortion. Among other things, if a woman went to the hospital after a miscarriage, she is required to undergo a control ultrasound.

It is generally accepted in society that the consequences of spontaneous abortion in the future will provoke miscarriages in the early stages. But doctors refute this theory - the next possible miscarriage can occur only if experts have not found out the cause of the 1st case. If you get rid of main reason, the risk of miscarriage is significantly reduced. Moreover, if a woman consulted a doctor in a timely manner, she would avoid severe consequences after a miscarriage.

If this measure is neglected, the pregnant woman risks suffering from severe uterine bleeding, blood poisoning, which can lead to death. It should be noted that even the next menstruation, which does not occur as usual, should alert and motivate to contact a gynecologist. When a woman experiences severe pain and notes abundant bleeding with clots, you should call an ambulance, or seek help from a doctor on your own.

What happens after a miscarriage

In half of all reported cases spontaneous abortion the woman does not need to go to the hospital. The fact is that at a very early date, her body independently copes with this event and therefore treatment may be superfluous. In general, bleeding becomes much weaker already on the 7th day, and after 2 weeks it completely stops. In this case, a woman will have enough time to stay at home and try to rest more often. For severe pain, you can take painkillers, as well as apply a bottle of warm water or a heating pad to your stomach.

Sometimes a doctor may refer to additional ultrasound a couple of weeks after a miscarriage, to check how the female body recovers after a miscarriage. Serious medical intervention will be required if the bleeding does not stop for more than 2 weeks. The doctor may use different tactics: first wait a certain time to check for any signs of infections, and wait until the bleeding stops on its own. Also, a specialist can prescribe medication with drugs that will speed up the miscarriage process, or perform surgery.

In the case of drug treatment, a woman must take pills or install uterine rings that are inserted into the vagina. It should be noted that medications can increase bleeding and prolong it up to 3 weeks, but it is not necessary to be constantly in the hospital because of this. At surgical intervention the doctor performs a small operation to scrape the uterus, which takes only a few minutes. Recovery of the body after such a procedure will be quick and easy.

It is worth noting that women themselves often insist on surgical intervention - more than half of those who have had an incomplete miscarriage agree to the doctor's proposal to perform the operation. The fact is that it is considered a more effective and reliable measure than the use of tablets or the use of uterine rings. Moreover, even heavy bleeding after surgery under general anesthesia quickly stops, unlike drug therapy, which means that the risk of being re-treated in the hospital disappears. That is why the operation is considered best method treatment for heavy bleeding.

In each case, the choice of method for treating the consequences of a miscarriage is purely individual. Sometimes a woman may insist that everything go naturally, even knowing about the possible risks and the need for complex treatment in the future. And some may want the miscarriage to end as quickly and less painfully as possible, so they resort to surgery. The main condition is that the doctor is obliged to tell the patient about all the methods, the features of their implementation and possible consequences then a woman can make the best choice for herself.