Standard instruction on labor protection for workers of the boiler room TOI R-218-55-95

General safety requirements

1. Individuals (engineer (fireman) of the boiler room, operator of the boiler room, fireman of technological furnaces)* not younger than 18 years old**, recognized as fit for work by the medical commission, who have been instructed in labor safety, trained in the relevant program and have certificate for the performance of this work.

2. Newly hired workers must undergo an introductory briefing on labor safety, environmental requirements, as well as primary briefing at the workplace, about which appropriate entries must be made in the journals with the obligatory signatures of the instructed and instructing.

3. Initial briefing at the workplace is carried out with each worker of the boiler house individually with practical training in safe techniques and methods of work.

4. After the initial briefing at the workplace and testing of knowledge during the first 3-5 shifts (depending on the length of service, experience and nature of the work), the boiler room workers perform work under the supervision of the foreman, after which their admission to independent work is issued. Admission to independent work is fixed by the date and signature of the instructing person in the instruction log at the workplace.

5. Periodic testing of labor safety knowledge of boiler house workers should be carried out at least once every 12 months, which is indicated in the certificate. The results of testing knowledge of safety requirements are documented in the minutes of the commission meeting,

6. Repeated briefing with the workers of the boiler house should be carried out at least once every 3 months.

7. When changing the technological process, replacing or upgrading equipment, fixtures, tools, in case of violation of safety requirements by the workers of the boiler room, which can lead or have led to injury, accident, fire, as well as interruptions in work for more than 30 calendar days at the request of the authorities supervision, an unscheduled briefing is carried out.

8. About carrying out repeated and unscheduled briefing an appropriate entry is made in the briefing registration log at the workplace with the obligatory signature of the instructed and the instructing person.

When registering an unscheduled briefing, the reason that caused it to be held is indicated.

9. The knowledge gained during the briefing is checked by the employee who conducted the briefing. A worker who has received instruction and has shown unsatisfactory knowledge is not allowed to work. He must re-instruct.

10. When performing work in dangerous and especially dangerous conditions, as well as other unusual work, a targeted briefing is carried out and a work permit is issued (GOST 12.0.004-90).

11. The boiler room must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation; switching on and off of electric lighting and electrical equipment must be explosion-proof.

12. Workers of the boiler house are obliged to comply with the internal labor regulations, as well as the fire safety rules approved at the enterprise. Smoking is allowed only in designated areas.

13. Boiler house workers should be aware that the most dangerous and harmful factors that may affect them in the process of work are:

• gases (carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, etc.);
• dust (during the combustion of coal and peat);
• couples;
• equipment.

14. Workers of the boiler room must be provided with overalls, footwear and personal protective equipment, safety devices in accordance with applicable standards and working conditions.

15. The boiler room, boilers and all equipment must be kept in good condition and proper cleanliness. It is forbidden to clutter up the boiler room or store foreign objects and materials in it. Passages in the boiler room and exits from it must always be free.

16. Boiler room workers should only perform the work for which they have been instructed and approved by the work manager or foreman.

17. About malfunctions of equipment, fixtures and tools, as well as personal protective equipment and other violations of safety requirements, boiler room workers must immediately inform the foreman. Do not start work until the problem is corrected.

18. Boiler Valley workers observe the rules of personal hygiene. Wash hands with soap and water before eating or smoking. For drinking, it is necessary to use water from devices specially designed for this purpose (saturators, drinking tanks, fountains, etc.).

19. Acceptance and surrender of duty must be documented by the foreman with an entry in the shift log indicating the results of checking the boilers and related equipment.

When entering on duty, the boiler room workers are required to familiarize themselves with the entries in the shift log.

20. For non-compliance with the requirements of the instruction developed on the basis of this standard instruction, the boiler room workers are liable in accordance with the internal labor regulations and current legislation.

Safety requirements before starting work

21. Before starting work, the boiler room workers must:

• take duty and read the entries in the shift log;
• wear personal protective equipment;
• check the serviceability of the serviced boilers and related equipment, as well as the serviceability of ventilation, emergency lighting and alarms to call the administration.

Safety requirements during work

22. Before firing up the boiler, carefully check:

• serviceability of the furnace and gas pipelines of shut-off and control devices;
• serviceability of instrumentation, fittings, nutritional devices, smoke exhausters and fans, as well as the presence of natural draft;
• serviceability of equipment for burning liquid and gaseous fuels in boilers operating on these types of fuel;
• the presence of natural draft, the suitability of the grate, locks on the doors of the furnace (when working with solid fuel);
• whether the water level in the boiler is maintained and whether water passes through hatches, flanges and fittings;
• are there plugs before and after safety valves, on steam, fuel oil and gas pipelines, on the supply drain and purge lines;
• the absence of foreign objects in the furnace and gas pipelines.

23. Before kindling the boiler, the furnace and gas pipelines must be ventilated for 10-15 minutes.

24. When preparing for kindling a gas-fired boiler, additionally:

• check the serviceability of the gas pipeline and the valves and valves installed on it (all shut-off valves on the gas pipelines must be closed, and the valves on the purge gas pipelines must be open);
• blow the gas pipeline through the purge candle, gradually opening the valve on the gas pipeline branch to the boiler; if, after checking with a gas analyzer, it turns out that there is no explosive gas-air mixture in the gas pipeline, the candle should be closed;
• make sure that there are no gas leaks from gas pipelines, gas equipment and fittings by washing them; it is forbidden to use open fire when performing this work;
• check the gas pressure on the pressure gauge;
• adjust the draft of the melted boiler by setting the vacuum in the furnace to 2-3 mm of water.

25. The burner of a boiler operating on gaseous fuel must be ignited as follows: bring an igniter into the furnace to the mouth of the burner being turned on, apply gas, slowly opening the valve in front of the burner and making sure that it ignites immediately, immediately start the air supply, then increase supply of gas and air, while simultaneously adjusting the vacuum in the furnace and the flame of the burner.

If the igniter flame goes out before the burner is ignited, immediately stop the gas supply to the burner, remove the igniter from the furnace and ventilate the furnace and gas pipelines for 10-15 minutes. Only then proceed to re-ignite the burner.

If the boiler has several burners, they are ignited sequentially.

If all or part of the lit burners go out during kindling, it is also necessary to stop the gas supply to them, remove the igniter from the furnace and ventilate the furnace and gas pipelines for 10-15 minutes, then proceed to re-ignite the burner.

It is forbidden to light extinguished gas in the furnace without preliminary ventilation of the furnace and gas pipelines.

26. Before firing up the oil-fired boiler, the temperature of the fuel must be brought up to the value specified in the instructions.

27. When igniting a boiler (operating on liquid fuel), it is necessary:

• when steam spraying liquid fuel, introduce a lit kindling torch into the furnace, then supply steam to the nozzle, and then fuel;
• when mechanically spraying fuel oil, introduce a lit kindling torch, turn on the automatic ignition, slowly opening the valve, feed fuel oil into the furnace;
• after ignition of fuel oil, adjust combustion; the kindling torch should be removed from the furnace only when the combustion becomes stable;
• close the safety valve or air valve and open the purge valve if steam comes out of the open safety valve or valve.

28. Before putting the boiler into operation, it is necessary to carry out:

• checking the correct operation of safety valves, water-indicating instruments, pressure gauges and feeding devices;
• checking the readings of reduced water level indicators against direct action water level indicators;
• checking and switching on safety automation, signaling devices and automatic boiler control equipment;
• boiler purge.

29. To kindle a solid fuel boiler, it is necessary to prepare dry firewood, a manual kindling torch.

Kindle firewood laid on a cleaned grate with a kindling torch or a cut dry splinter.

It is forbidden to use flammable liquids (gasoline, kerosene, etc.) to kindle the boiler, as well as use gas lighters.

After a steady ignition of firewood, small portions of solid fuel (coal, peat) are gradually thrown into the furnace.

If there are several loading doors, fuel is loaded through each door in turn, after the fuel previously thrown into the adjacent door flares up well.

30. During the operation of the boiler it is necessary:

• maintain a normal water level in the boiler, while not allowing the water level to fall below the permissible level lower level or rose above the allowable high level;
• support normal pressure pair;
• maintain normal temperature of superheated steam;
• maintain the normal temperature of superheated steam, as well as feed water;
• maintain the normal operation of the burners (nozzles);
• at least once per shift, check the serviceability of the pressure gauge by purging with a three-way valve;
• check by blowing the serviceability of water-indicating instruments and safety valves within the time limits specified in the boiler operating instructions;
• stop blowing the boiler, if during it the gases are knocked out through the hatches;
• keep the boiler doors closed.

31. Boiler house workers are prohibited from:

• jam or additionally load safety valves;
• continue the operation of the boiler with faulty or unadjusted safety valves;
• to blow the boiler in case of detection of malfunctions of the blowing fittings and the boiler;
• open and close fittings with hammer blows or other objects;
• during the operation of the boiler, caulk the seams, weld the elements of the boiler, etc.;
• be near slag gates when they are opened;
• stand against the boiler doors when blowing it.

32. Stopping the boiler in all cases, except for an emergency stop, should be done only upon receipt of a written order from the administration. When stopping the boiler, you must:

• maintain the water level in the boiler above the average working position;
• stop the supply of fuel to the furnace;
• disconnect the boiler from the steam pipelines after the complete cessation of combustion in the furnace and the cessation of steam extraction, and if there is a superheater, open the purge; if, after turning off the boiler, the pressure in the boiler rises, it is necessary to increase the blowdown;
• cool down the boiler and drain the water.

33. When stopping a gas-fired boiler, you must:

• reduce and then completely stop the gas supply to the burners, and then the air (for injection burners, first stop the air supply, and then the gas);
• after turning off all burners - disconnect the gas pipeline of the boiler from the common line;
• open the purge plug on the outlet and ventilate the furnace and gas pipelines.

34. When stopping a boiler operating on liquid fuel, you should:

• close the fuel supply to the nozzle;
• stop the supply of steam or air;
• ventilate the furnace, gas pipelines, then close the blast and draft.

35. When stopping a solid fuel boiler, it is necessary:

• burn the remaining fuel with reduced blowing and thrust;
• stop blowing and reduce thrust;
• clean the furnace and bunker;
• stop the draft by closing the smoke damper, furnace and blower doors.

36. The procedure for the conservation of stopped boilers must comply with the instructions of the manufacturer's instructions for the installation and operation of boilers.

Safety requirements in emergency situations

37. Boiler house workers must immediately stop the boiler (emergency) and inform the head of the enterprise about this if:

• more than 50% of safety valves or other safety devices replacing them have ceased to operate;
• the pressure in the boiler has increased by more than 10% against the permissible one and continues to grow, despite the interruption of the fuel supply, the reduction in draft and blast and the increased supply of the boiler with water;
• there was a water leak from the boiler; water supply is prohibited;
• the water level drops rapidly, despite the increased supply of water to the boiler;
• the water level has risen above the permissible level and it is not possible to lower it by blowing the boiler;
• all nutritional devices have been discontinued;
• cracks, gaps in welds, breaks in adjacent bonds were found in the main elements of the boiler;
• gas contamination of a gas-fired boiler house was detected;
• there was an explosion of the gas-air mixture in the boiler furnace or gas pipelines;
• the supply of electricity with artificial traction is interrupted;
• a fire broke out in the boiler room (soot or fuel particles caught fire in gas pipelines).

38. In the event of an emergency, boiler house workers must:

• stop the boiler immediately;
• report the incident to the master;
• stop the supply of fuel and air, sharply reduce traction;
• remove burning fuel from the furnace;
• after the cessation of combustion in the furnace, open the smoke damper for a while, and in manual furnaces - the loading doors;
• disconnect the boiler from the main steam pipeline;
• release steam through raised safety valves or safety valve.

39. In the event of a fire in the boiler room, the workers of the boiler room must:

• immediately call the fire brigade, inform the administration of the enterprise about it and take measures to extinguish it;
• immediately turn off the gas pipeline of the gas boiler house using a valve installed outdoors;
• if the fire in the boiler room cannot be quickly eliminated, stop the boilers in an emergency, intensively feeding them with water and releasing steam;
• when the boiler stops due to soot fire or fuel entrainment, immediately stop the supply of fuel and air to the furnace, shut off the draft by stopping the smoke exhausters and fans, and completely close the air and gas dampers.

40. When clothing catches fire, it is necessary to throw a tarpaulin, padded jacket or coat over the victim, extinguish the fire, start providing first aid to the victim in accordance with the "Model Instruction N 22 for first aid in case of accidents" ("Collection of standard instructions on labor protection for road workers". Issue 1. M., 1993).

Safety requirements at the end of work

41. Upon completion of work, it is necessary:

• pass the duty on the boiler room, making a note in the journal;
• remove personal protective equipment and put it in a specially designated place, if necessary, hand it over for dry cleaning (washing), repair;
• take a shower or wash your face and hands with warm water and soap, change clothes;
• report all noticed shortcomings, malfunctions during the work to the shift worker and the immediate supervisor.

Safety work is organized in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in construction", VSN 329-74 "Safety guidelines for installation and commissioning of automation devices and equipment", Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers, Rules of technology safety during the operation of electrical installations of consumers, as well as the rules and regulations for the safe performance of special types of work.

Compliance by the administration of enterprises with labor legislation, as well as norms, rules and instructions on labor protection, is controlled by higher administrative bodies, state inspections, the prosecutor's office (which investigates cases of serious or fatal injuries), as well as the public under the leadership of trade union organizations.

The key to the safe operation of hot water and steam boilers is compliance with the guidelines published by the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor: "Rules for the design and safe operation of steam and hot water boilers."

Any boiler unit is allowed to work only after examination by the inspector of the State Gortekhnadzor and the State Sanitary Inspectorate and obtaining a permit for commissioning. In the future, representatives of Gosgortekhnadzor periodically inspect boiler units. External inspection is carried out at least 1 time per year, internal - at least 1 time in four years and hydraulic test - 1 time in eight years.

After major repairs, an extraordinary examination of the boiler is carried out. The results of the survey, repair work, instructions of the Gosgortekhnadzor inspector are entered in the passport of the boiler, which is kept by the head of the boiler room.

For the normal operation of boiler plants, first of all, qualified, well-trained service personnel are needed. Workers who have passed the exam and received a certificate for the right to service the boiler are allowed to service boiler installations.

Persons who have reached the age of 18 and have passed a medical examination may be allowed to service the boiler.

Persons hired must undergo an introductory safety briefing, as well as a briefing at the workplace.

If the use of dangerous work practices is noticed, engineering and technical workers conduct daily briefings.

Periodic briefings are carried out at least once every six months to consolidate workers' knowledge of safety. Additional briefing - after an accident.

Certification of boiler service personnel is carried out by permanent qualification commissions organized at specialized vocational schools, training centers and others. educational institutions. Certification is also allowed at enterprises and organizations that have necessary conditions and specialists, in agreement with the local bodies of Gosgortekhnadzor. The participation of a representative of the local Gosgortekhnadzor in the work of qualification commissions for the certification of service personnel is mandatory.

When transferring personnel to service boilers operating on gaseous fuels, knowledge is checked in the manner prescribed by safety rules in the gas industry.

The line personnel of commissioning organizations and departure to the work site undergoes appropriate certification at their own enterprise.

The duties of the boiler room personnel, their actions when turning the boilers on and off and during start-up and operation are determined by the instructions. In gas-fired boiler houses, a gas pipeline diagram is attached to the instructions, which indicates the location of all shut-off devices and their numbering.

Increased care and accuracy are required from the operators of gas-fired boilers when putting the boiler into operation or individual boilers during trial operation.

Electric motors and starting equipment for exhaust fans of boiler rooms must be explosion-proof, and the design of exhaust fans must exclude the possibility of sparking. Such requirements are not imposed on the electric motors of pumps, smoke exhausters and draft fans.

One of the safety requirements is the availability of tested and properly functioning instrumentation, safety and water indicating devices, water shut-off and purge fittings. The correct use of these devices and equipment largely ensures the normal operation of the boiler room.

Works related to the search for and elimination of gas leaks are classified as gas hazardous and are performed by highly qualified locksmiths under the guidance of a person responsible for the preparation and conduct of these works.

Boiler rooms must be provided with working and emergency electric lighting in accordance with the Electrical Installation Rules. Working lighting in all rooms, workplaces, platforms, walkways, stairwells, tunnels and open areas must comply with current regulations. Emergency lighting should provide unhindered observation of the readings of instrumentation, the state of equipment and communications, as well as the possibility of necessary switching in case of emergency. Emergency lighting is provided on all stairs, passages and platforms of the boiler room.

Emergency lighting luminaires differ from working lighting luminaires by type, signs or color.

Portable manual repair lighting fixtures must be powered by a mains voltage of not more than 36 V. In particular adverse conditions where the danger of electric shock is exacerbated by tightness, high humidity, contact with large metal, well-grounded surfaces, the supply voltage of hand-held lamps should be no higher than 12 V. Portable lamps must have a wired mesh and a serviceable hose wire.

In explosive and fire hazardous premises, electrical equipment is used in accordance with the requirements of the Electrical Installation Rules for the relevant premises.

All passages, entrances and exits located inside the boiler room, and driveways adjacent to the boiler room must be well lit, free and safe for pedestrians and vehicles.

Opening current-carrying parts located at a height of less than 3.5 m are enclosed.

Metal fences, equipment and handling devices are grounded. Each electric motor, in addition to the start and stop device, is equipped with disconnecting devices to completely relieve voltage during the repair and adjustment of equipment and mechanisms with which the electric motors work together.

Adjustment personnel must know the toxic effect of the gas, the concentrations of gas in the air that are permissible and dangerous for humans, and methods for determining it; a list of places in the boiler room that are dangerous in relation to gas accumulation; signs of gas poisoning; rules for the evacuation of persons affected by gas from a gassed area and methods for providing them with first aid.

In order to avoid accidents, it is prohibited: to stand on the platform barriers, protective covers of couplings, bearings, etc., as well as on pipelines, structures and ceilings that are not intended for passage through them and do not have special fences and handrails; is located near flange connections and fittings of pipelines, safety valves and gas ducts of boiler units.

The admission of people into the boiler and the opening of the shut-off valves after removing people from the boiler is possible at a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C only with written permission (alongside the admission) of the responsible person of the boiler room, poured out after an appropriate check.

It is allowed to carry out work in gas ducts at a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C only after the place of work is ventilated and reliably protected from the ingress of gas and dust. The time spent by people in the furnace (gas flue) at an air temperature of 50..,60 ° C should not exceed 20 minutes.

On valves, gate valves and dampers, when the corresponding sections of pipelines, steam and gas pipelines and gas ducts are turned off, as well as on starting devices for smoke exhausters, blowers and fuel feeders, posters “Do not turn on - people are working” are posted, while fuses are removed from the starting devices of the units.

Two or more people can work in the furnaces, gas ducts and drums of the boiler, and one of the adjusters should be outside, near the hatch, watching the worker inside and, if necessary, providing him with assistance.

When operating a boiler house on gaseous fuel, special attention should be paid to possible gas leakage in the room and gas ducts of non-operating boilers. The presence of such leaks in case of careless handling of open fire can lead to serious consequences - explosion, fire and poisoning of people. An unpleasant odor is a sign of gas pollution in a room.

Gas hazardous work must be carried out by a team consisting of at least two people who have undergone special training. Adjustment of gas equipment is carried out by specialized organizations.

When igniting gas burners and oil burners, do not stand in front of the openings (peep holes of the kindling hatches), so as not to suffer from accidental ejection of the flame.

For work on equipment and pipelines at a height of more than 2.5 m, platforms with railings and permanent ladders should be provided.

In boiler rooms it is necessary to comply with fire safety requirements. Fires are usually caused by careless handling of fire, improper storage of combustible and flammable materials, and faulty electrical wiring.

In the event of a fire in the boiler room, you must immediately call the fire brigade and take all measures to extinguish it, without stopping monitoring the operation of the boiler units. In the event of a fire in a boiler room with gaseous fuel boilers, the gas pipeline must be immediately switched off using a valve installed outside the boiler room.

The boiler house administration is obliged to:

Do not allow persons who are not trained and do not have a certificate for the right to service boilers to service the boiler room;

provide workers necessary tools and rules for the maintenance of the boiler plant;

Provide service personnel with the necessary protective equipment and overalls;

Create normal working conditions and not allow overtime work;

Have a list in the boiler room indicating the addresses and telephone numbers of the enterprise administration, emergency brigade, fire brigade and ambulance.

Among the preventive measures include the study of instructions governing the design and maintenance of the boiler plant.

Grounding is one of the main protective measures, in which all metal cases of electrical receivers, metal structures, etc., which may be under dangerous voltage due to insulation damage, must be grounded.

The elements to be grounded include: metal cases of instrumentation, control devices, control equipment, protection, signaling, lighting, cases of electric motors of actuators, regardless of their installation location;

Metal shields and consoles for all purposes, on which devices, equipment and other automation equipment are installed;

Auxiliary metal structures for the installation of electrical receivers and control devices;

Metal sheaths, armor and couplings of control and power cables, metal hoses, metal sheaths of wires, protective steel pipes for electrical wiring, metal boxes, trays, junction boxes, cable structures, brackets and other metal elements for fastening electrical wiring:

Metal cases of transformers and rectifying devices;

Secondary windings of step-down transformers with a voltage of 36 V and below.

Grounded parts of electrical installations are connected to the ground using grounding conductors and grounding conductors.

Special attention should be paid to the grounding of boiler room automation equipment. Failure to comply with the requirements of the project or the requirements for grounding means can lead to very serious consequences.

Electrical installations of automation systems are grounded in highly hazardous rooms, as well as when using instruments, apparatus and other automation equipment with voltage in the power, measurement, control, signaling circuits above 36 V AC and 110 V DC.

When ensuring reliable contact between the grounded shield and the power supply installed on it, the latter can not be grounded individually.

When ensuring reliable contact between the individual panels of a multi-panel switchboard or between the panels and the frame on which they are installed, only one panel is allowed to be grounded.

Grounding in hazardous areas should be carried out at all AC and DC voltages.

With the help of main grounding conductors, power input shields, radial conductors - shields and automation panels are grounded for local and switchboard power receivers.

The resistance of the neutral wire or ground conductor in a 380/220 V network with a grounded neutral of the transformer should not exceed more than 2 times the resistance of the phase wire,

It is recommended to use steel protective pipes for electrical wiring as main grounding conductors; radial - separate conductors (for devices installed on the shield), as well as third cores of cables (working zero is prohibited) for stand-alone single-phase power receivers.

For grounding DC electrical installations, separate ground wires or cable cores are used, connected to a common grounding device of the automated object.

The cross-sectional area of ​​the grounding conductors of DC electrical receivers is taken equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the supply conductors.

It is not allowed to use electrical installation elements as grounding conductors, as well as

armor and lead sheaths of cables, metal hoses, boxes, trays, cable structures.

The rules of conduct in case of accidents and accidents in the boiler room are as follows.

Boiler units or equipment of the boiler house are considered emergency in the event of: "pop" (gas explosion in the boiler furnaces); severe gas leakage as a result of rupture of joints, the appearance of fistulas in gas pipelines, etc.; failure or operation of the safety explosion valve; operation of safety automation; gas detection in the furnaces of idle boilers; detection of leaks in the boiler and pipeline; stop the blower fan and smoke exhauster; operation of the safety shut-off valve; power outage.

The boiler room personnel, depending on the nature of the accident, must turn off the boiler room or one of the boilers. If the safety shut-off valve has worked, then. having found out the cause and observing the precautions, check the gas pressure at the inlet to the gas distribution device and the serviceability of the pressure regulator, and then turn the valve back on. If the gas pressure regulator fails, gas is supplied to the boilers during repairs through the bypass line. If a leak is found in the boiler, and gas appears in the furnaces of idle boilers, you should immediately stop the boiler, open the vents and ventilate the furnace.

In the event of a strong smell of gas in the boiler room, it is necessary to turn off the boilers, ventilate the room and proceed to eliminate the gas leak.

In severe accidents, turn off the boiler room and provide assistance to the victims. In the event of gas ignition and a fire in the boiler room, it is necessary to turn off the gas supply using a valve installed outside the boiler room, call the fire brigade by phone and try to extinguish the flame.

Specially trained persons should be assigned to provide first aid in each team.

It is necessary to have a set of devices and tools for first aid at assembly and adjustment sites, at work preparation sites; posters about the rules of first aid, artificial respiration and external heart massage. Posters and rules are posted in a conspicuous place.

The first aid kit should contain individual aseptic dressing bags, bandages, cotton wool, a tourniquet, folding plywood tires (Kramer), an ice carving bubble, iodine tincture, ammonia, boric acid, 2 ... 4% solution of boric acid essential-valerian drops, drinking soda, potassium permanganate, boric vaseline, validol, soap.

Providing assistance in case of electric shock. To release the victim from the current, it is necessary to quickly turn off that part of the installation and equipment that he touched. It must be remembered that a disconnected installation can store a life-threatening charge, so it should be immediately grounded. If disconnection is not possible, then dry, non-conductive objects are used to free the victim from live parts. Do not use metal or wet objects.

To isolate the body of the victim, it is necessary to put on dielectric gloves, galoshes or lay a dielectric mat, wooden boards, and also throw dry clothes on your hand. When the victim's hand covers the current-carrying part, it is recommended to raise the victim, isolate him from the ground with boards and, interrupting the current, free him from the current-carrying parts.

If none of the above methods can be applied, it is necessary to chop or cut the current-carrying wires (each separately) with an ax with a dry wooden handle or other insulated tool, wearing dielectric gloves, galoshes. If the victim is at a height, it is necessary to prevent and secure his fall.

If, after being released from the current-carrying parts, the victim does not breathe or breathes convulsively, it is necessary to immediately begin to “revive” him. To do this, they remove restrictive clothing from the victim, clean the mouth of blood, mucus, provide access to clean air, and remove strangers from the room.

Artificial respiration is done in many ways, but the most effective is mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose. A roll of folded clothes is placed under the victim's shoulder blades. The assisting person presses with one hand on his forehead, and puts the other under his neck in order to slightly bend the head of the victim and prevent the tongue from falling into the larynx. After taking a deep breath, the helper blows air through the gauze from his mouth into the mouth or nose of the victim. When blowing through the mouth, the assisting person should cover the nose of the victim with a pile with his cheek or fingers; when blowing through the nose, the victim closes his mouth. After each blowing, the mouth and nose of the victim are released so as not to interfere with the free exit of air from chest. Then the rescuer repeats the blowing of air into the mouth or nose. The blowing frequency is 12 times per minute.

If the victim's heart has stopped, at the same time as artificial respiration, it is necessary to do an indirect heart massage. The person providing assistance stands on the left side of the victim, puts the palm of his outstretched hand on the lower part of his sternum, puts his second hand on the first, increases the pressure of the hands with his body, presses with a push with such force that the sternum is displaced by 4,..5 cm. After that, the rescuer sharply takes away his hands and straightens his body and arm. Massage is done with a frequency of 1 time per second. After three or four pressures, take a break for 2 seconds to blow air.

Do not press on the sternum during inspiration, as this prevents the restoration of breathing. To increase the effectiveness of the massage, you should raise the legs of the victim. Artificial respiration is done until the full appearance of signs of life of the victim, that is, when he begins to breathe on his own. After every 5 minutes, it is recommended to take a break for 15 ... 20 s.

Assistance for gas poisoning is as follows. If a person in a room where poisonous gases may appear feels unwell or shows signs of gas poisoning (agitation, weakness, dizziness, nausea, etc.), he should immediately be taken to fresh air, unbutton clothes that are tight or making it difficult to breathe. If the victim, after being removed from the gassed area, remains unconscious or has weak and uneven breathing, a weak pulse, it is necessary to perform artificial respiration and urgently call a doctor. Artificial respiration is carried out continuously until the arrival of a doctor. If, before the arrival of a doctor, the victim recovers breathing, then artificial respiration should be stopped.

In all cases of assistance with burns, it must be remembered that the main danger to the victim is the introduction of infection through open wounds. Therefore, the burn site should not be touched with hands, lubricated with ointments, petroleum jelly, oil, washed with water. When clothing ignites, it is necessary to extinguish the flame on the victim by throwing a blanket over him or knocking down the fire with water.

The burnt surface of the body should be bandaged with sterile bandages from the bag or with a clean linen rag, and then the victim should be sent to a medical facility. You should not open blisters and rub burnt pieces of clothing from the body.

Russian FederationTI

TI-082-2002 Standard instruction on labor protection for a boiler room operator

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TYPICAL INSTRUCTION ON LABOR SAFETY
FOR BOILER ROOM OPERATOR

1. General safety requirements

1.1. This instruction provides for the basic requirements for the organization and conduct of the safe work of the operator of a boiler house operating on solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.

1.2. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed:

• vocational training and having an appropriate certificate in the profession;
• preliminary medical examination and received a conclusion on suitability for this profession;
• introductory briefing on labor safety, fire safety and provision of first aid to the victim;
• initial briefing at the workplace and trained in safe methods and techniques for performing work.

1.3. The operator of the boiler house, employed at work, where the organization of labor provides for the combination of production professions, must be trained in all types of work, pass exams and obtain a permit.

1.4. The boiler operator must pass:

• periodic medical examinations - annually;
• repeated briefing on labor safety - at least once every six months;
• training in safe methods and techniques of work and testing their knowledge in the scope of the program approved by the administration of the enterprise - once a year;
• unscheduled and targeted briefing on labor safety - as needed.

1.5. The operator of the boiler room with signs of obvious malaise or in a state of alcoholic or drug intoxication is not allowed to work.

1.6. The operator of the boiler house is obliged: to comply with the internal regulations and labor discipline; timely and accurately execute the orders of the administration; observe technological discipline, requirements for labor safety, safety precautions and industrial sanitation; take care of the company's property; observe the order of movement on the territory of the enterprise; know the meaning of the safety signs, sound and light signals used at the enterprise, be attentive to the signals given and comply with their requirements.

Each incorrectly given or incomprehensible signal should be perceived as a "Stop" signal.

1.7. If any questions arise during the work related to its safe performance, you must immediately contact the employee responsible for the safe performance of work (shift foreman or head of the boiler room).

1.8. During the entire work shift, the regime of work and rest established by the administration should be observed.

1.9. Resting and smoking is allowed only in specially designated areas.

1.10. For drinking, use water only from saturators, drinking fountains, drinking tanks. Use of other (random) sources is not allowed.

1.11. Eating should be done only in specially equipped rooms (dining room, buffet).

1.12. When servicing the equipment of the boiler house, there are such dangerous and harmful production factors as: moving parts of production equipment; increased dust content of the working area air with coal dust and ash; fever equipment surfaces; steam in the pipeline under pressure; elevated level noise; increased voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body.

1.13. The administration of the enterprise must provide the operator of the boiler room with personal protective equipment in accordance with the current industry standards for the free issue of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment:

When operating on solid mineral fuel:

• leather boots - 1 pair per year;
• goggles - to wear;
• respirator - to wear.

When operating a boiler house on liquid fuel:

• cotton suit with flame retardant impregnation - 1 set per year;
• combined mittens - 12 pairs per year;
• goggles - to wear.

When the boiler is running on gas:

• cotton suit with flame retardant impregnation - 1 set per year;
• combined mittens - 6 pairs per year.

With several types of equally effective respirators available, workers can enjoy the right to choose the respirator most suitable for them in terms of protection and comfort.

1.14. The operator of the boiler room without the work clothes, special footwear and other personal protective equipment and safety devices that are required by the conditions of production is not allowed to perform work.

1.15. The boiler operator must:

• comply with fire safety requirements at work, as well as comply with and maintain a fire-fighting regime;
• observe safety precautions when working with flammable and combustible liquids, flammable gases and other flammable and explosive substances, materials and equipment;
• know the location of the main and emergency exits from the boiler room and the evacuation routes from the area of ​​fire or accident;
• know how to use primary fire extinguishing equipment.

1.16. It is prohibited to use primary fire extinguishing equipment, non-mechanized fire tools and equipment for household and other needs not related to fire extinguishing.

1.17. The collection of used cleaning materials should be carried out in special metal boxes with lockable lids.

1.18. The boiler operator must: have an elementary understanding of the danger electric current and steam burns; know the safety measures when working in the boiler room; know the rules of first aid for victims of electric shock and burns.

1.19. It is forbidden to touch open live parts of the equipment and bare wires, make unauthorized correction or connection of electrical wiring, install or replace electric lamps, as well as hang clothes and place any objects on electrical equipment, control stations and other switching equipment.

1.20. About cases of injury and all malfunctions of the mechanisms and equipment of the boiler room, violations of technological regimes, deterioration of working conditions, the occurrence of emergency situations, the boiler room operator must inform the shift foreman (head of the boiler room) and accept preventive measures circumstances, ensuring their own safety.

1.21. In case of illness, poisoning or accident, the boiler house operator must notify the shift foreman (boiler house manager) about this and seek medical help.

1.22. In the event of an accident with other workers, it is necessary: ​​to provide the victim with first aid, observing the measures own security; call an ambulance; if possible, save the situation of the case and report the incident to the shift foreman (head of the boiler room).

1.23. In the process of work, the operator of the boiler room is obliged to observe the rules of personal hygiene: dedust overalls; wash hands with soap before eating; Maintain cleanliness of the workplace, overalls and personal protective equipment.

1.24. As the overalls of the boiler room operator get dirty or worn out, they should be dry-cleaned, washed or repaired at the expense of the enterprise.

It is not allowed to process and wash contaminated overalls at home by the workers themselves, as well as the use of explosive and flammable substances for this purpose.

1.25. For non-compliance with the safety requirements set forth in this instruction, depending on the nature of the violations committed and their consequences, the boiler house operator bears disciplinary, material or criminal liability in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Inspect, tidy up and put on overalls. Button up and tuck the garment in so that it does not have hanging or fluttering ends.

2.2. Check the completeness and serviceability of personal protective equipment, as well as the availability of fire extinguishing equipment.

2.3. Review the entries made in the shift log.

2.4. Ask the operator of the boiler house, handing over the shift, information about the malfunctions and failures in the operation of the equipment that occurred during the shift, and about the measures taken to eliminate them.

2.5. Check the position of valves, gate valves, bolted and welded connections of pipelines.

2.6. Check the ratio of gas and air pressure, the condition of safety devices and emergency automation, the absence of leaks of liquid fuel or gas.

2.7. All malfunctions in the operation of the main and auxiliary equipment, violations of the technological process detected during the shift acceptance should be recorded in the shift acceptance log and reported to the shift foreman or the head of the boiler room.

2.8. Check the availability and serviceability of the tool.

2.9. Check the presence of a first-aid kit in the boiler room and its completeness with dressings and medicines.

2.10. Inspect the condition of the inscriptions on the boiler, starting devices, on the timing of technical examination and testing.

Lettering must be clear and legible.

2.11. If the shift acceptance time coincided with the moment of the accident or violation of the operating mode, the shift should be accepted with the permission of the shift foreman (head of the boiler room).

3. Safety requirements during operation

3.1. The boiler should be put into operation, stopped and repaired in accordance with the requirements of the Safety Rules for Steam and Hot Water Boilers and the manufacturer's instructions for the operation of the boiler.

3.2. Before starting the boiler, make sure that the main and auxiliary equipment, safety devices are in good condition and that the required amount of water is available according to the level.

3.3. Igniting the boiler furnace is carried out strictly following the requirements of the operating instructions for a certain type of boiler.

3.4. When operating on liquid or gaseous fuels, ignite the burners in turn, start the fuel into the burner only after bringing the ignited igniter to the burner outlet.

3.5. If during the ignition of the furnaces the fuel did not ignite or the combustion that had begun stopped, then the fuel supply to this burner should be closed.

It is necessary to start ignition again after airing the firebox and gas ducts.

3.6. Switch off the burner when the flame flashes. After it cools down, eliminate the cause of slips and only then re-ignite the burner.

3.7. When igniting the burner, do not stand in front of the kindling hatches.

3.8. Spilled fuel oil must be immediately covered with sand, collected and put away in a specially designated place.

3.9. When working on solid fuels, it is forbidden to use gasoline, kerosene or diesel fuel for kindling.

3.10. If the boiler operation parameters deviate from the parameters specified in the operating instructions, take measures to restore the operating parameters.

Otherwise, report the current situation to the shift foreman (head of the boiler room) and act in accordance with his instructions.

3.11. When the gas-oil fuel supply is interrupted, shut off the fuel supply valve to the furnace on the pipeline.

3.12. The time when the boiler was put into operation should be recorded in the shift acceptance and delivery log.

3.13. If all the boilers did not work in a gas-fired boiler room, then at the entrance to it, you should check the gas content of the air with a gas analyzer. In the presence of gas contamination in the room, turning on and off electrical equipment, lighting, as well as the use of fire is prohibited until the room is completely ventilated.

3.14. During the shift, regularly monitor the readings of instruments measuring temperature, pressure, water level and gas supply.

3.15. All devices and devices for automatic control and safety of the boiler must be maintained in good condition and checked regularly. Check devices and instruments according to the schedule approved by the administration of the enterprise.

3.16. Before starting repair work in furnaces and gas ducts, they must be well ventilated and protected from the possible penetration of gases and dust into them from the gas ducts of neighboring operating boilers.

3.17. It is allowed to carry out work inside furnaces and gas ducts only at a temperature not exceeding 45 ° C with the issuance of a work permit by the head of the boiler room.

3.18. The stay of the boiler room operator inside the boiler at a temperature of about 45 °C should not exceed 20 minutes. The person working inside the boiler must be supervised by an observer, who must always be outside the boiler near the entrance hatch.

3.19. When carrying out repairs inside a gas-fired boiler, the gas pipeline must be separated from the boiler by installing a plug.

3.20. When shutting off sections of pipelines and gas ducts, as well as on starting devices for smoke exhausters and fans, posters "Do not turn on! People are working" must be installed on valves, valves and dampers and safety inserts must be removed.

3.21. When working in the boiler and gas flue, use a portable lamp with a voltage not exceeding 12 V.

3.22. Before closing the hatches and manholes of the boiler, check if there are people, tools or foreign objects inside the boiler.

3.23. Opening hatches and hatches, as well as repairing boilers, is only allowed when there is a complete absence of pressure.

Before opening hatches and hatches located within the water area, water must be removed from the elements of the boiler and economizers.

3.24. It is forbidden: storage of gasoline, kerosene, oils and other flammable materials in the boiler room; leave the boiler unit unattended until the pressure is completely reduced, and without de-energizing the electrical equipment; operate the boiler with faulty and unadjusted safety valves.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. When the boiler house is operating on gas fuel, the following emergencies are possible, in which it is necessary to make an emergency shutdown of the gas supply to the boiler furnace:

• explosion of chimney gases in the furnace, flue;
• failure of the blower fan;
• decrease in gas pressure in front of the burner below allowable rate;
• absence of a torch in the boiler furnace.

4.2. In case of gas content in the air in the boiler room, take measures for ventilation.

4.3. In the event of a gas leak or fire, the gas rescue service must be called.

4.4. In case of fire:

• turn off the gas or fuel oil supply;
• stop the equipment by de-energizing it;
• report by phone or other means of communication to the fire brigade and the administration of the workshop (enterprise);
• take measures to evacuate people and property;

Typical instruction. IOT - 061-2001.

WORK SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

"____" _____________ 2019 No. _______

Nizhny Novgorod

Work in the boiler room

APPROVE

Director position

Full name of director

"____" _____________ 2019

Labor protection instruction
when working in the boiler room

IOT - 061-2001

1. General safety requirements

1.1. Persons aged at least 18 years who have undergone appropriate training and have a certificate of admission to work on hot water boilers who have been instructed in labor protection, medical examination and have no contraindications for health reasons.
1.2. Employees must comply with the internal labor regulations, the approved duty schedule, the established work and rest regimes.
1.3. When working in a boiler room, the following hazardous and harmful production factors may be exposed to workers:
- leaving unattended operating boilers and entrusting unauthorized persons with monitoring their work;
- exceeding the maximum allowable steam pressure in boilers;
- thermal burns when fuel is ignited in boiler furnaces with gasoline, kerosene or other flammable liquids, as well as when the furnace door is suddenly opened and looked into it;
- warming with blowtorches and torches of frozen pipes; carbon monoxide poisoning;
work with coal without respiratory protection.
1.4 When working in the boiler room, the following overalls and personal protective equipment are used: cotton overalls, gloves, goggles, a respirator or a gas mask.
1.5. The boiler room must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, a 12 V step-down transformer with a portable 12-volt lamp and an electric torch.
1.6. The boiler room should have a first aid kit with a set of necessary medicines and dressings for first aid in case of injuries.
1.7. Employees are required to comply with fire safety rules, know the location of primary fire extinguishing equipment. The boiler room must be provided with a fire extinguisher for every two boilers. sandbox and shovel.
1.8. In the event of an accident, the victim or eyewitness of the accident is obliged to inform the administration of the institution about it. In the event of a malfunction in the operation of hot water boilers, inform the administration of the Institution about this.
1.9. In the process of work, observe the rules for wearing overalls, using personal and collective protective equipment, observe the rules of personal hygiene, and keep the workplace clean.
1.10 Persons who have failed to comply with or violate the instructions on labor protection are subject to disciplinary liability in accordance with the internal labor regulations and, if necessary, are subjected to an extraordinary examination of knowledge of the norms and rules of labor protection.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Put on overalls and make sure that you have personal respiratory protection equipment.
2.2. Make sure that the control and automation devices work properly, that there is a guard for the electric pump couplings.
2.3. Turn on the supply and exhaust ventilation, make sure it is working properly.
3. Safety requirements during operation
3.1. Before loading coal into the furnace, put on a respirator or gas mask.
3.2. Do not light boilers without first purging them with air.
3.3. Do not light fuel in furnaces with gasoline, kerosene or other flammable liquids.
3.4. Do not leave running boilers unattended.
3.5. Do not allow unauthorized persons to enter the boiler room and do not entrust them with monitoring the operation of the boilers.
3.6. To avoid burns, be careful when opening the firebox door, do not open it abruptly and do not look into the firebox.
3.7. Do not allow the pressure in the boilers to rise above the allowable rate indicated on the dials of the monometers with a red line.
3.8. It is forbidden to dry clothes, shoes, firewood and other combustible materials on the structures and equipment of boilers and pipelines.
3.9. Store the fuel supply no closer than 10 m from the boiler house and other buildings. It is allowed to store fuel in the boiler room no more than the daily requirement.
3.10. Scoop out slag and ash into a metal box with a lid on legs. Do not throw away hot ash, slag, unburned coal near buildings and fences.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. In the event of an increase in steam pressure in the boiler above the allowable rate, indicated on the pressure gauge dial by a red line, open the safety screw and bleed excess steam from the boiler until normal pressure is reached.
4.2. In the event of a power outage and shutdown of water pumps to prevent defrosting of the heating system, extinguish the boilers and drain the water from the system.
4.3. In the event of a fire, immediately report the fire to the nearest fire department, the administration of the institution and proceed to extinguish the fire using primary fire extinguishing equipment.
4.4. In case of injury, immediately provide first aid to the victim, inform the administration of the institution, if necessary, send the victim to the nearest medical institution.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. Transfer the shift in accordance with the schedule approved by the head of the institution with an entry in the shift log.
5.2. Take off your overalls and take a shower.

1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION

1.1. This instruction regulates the basic safety requirements when working in boiler rooms.
1.2. Persons over 18 years of age who do not have contraindications for health reasons, who have passed introductory and primary briefings at the workplace, have been trained in safe working methods and have an appropriate certificate, have passed an examination of knowledge of labor protection requirements, are allowed to work independently in the boiler room.
1.3. Boiler room personnel (engineer, stoker, operator) at least 1 time in 6 months must be re-instructed on labor protection, at least 1 time per year - the next test of knowledge of labor protection requirements and periodic medical examination.
1.4. The boiler room personnel are obliged to comply with the internal labor regulations adopted at the enterprise.
1.5. The working hours of the boiler room operator should not exceed 40 hours per week.
The duration of daily work (shift) is determined by the internal labor regulations or the shift schedule approved by the employer.
1.6. In the process of work, the following dangerous and harmful factors may affect the personnel of the boiler room:
- steam - can cause burns;
- equipment (boilers) - if used incorrectly, pressure may increase and an explosion may occur, resulting in injuries (burns);
- harmful gases and dust - emitted during the combustion of fuel in boilers (especially coal and peat). The main harmful gases are: carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, etc., as well as coal dust. Getting together with the inhaled air into the human body, gases can lead to poisoning, and dust particles can damage the upper respiratory tract.
1.7. Boiler room personnel must use the tools and devices that they have been trained and instructed in handling.
1.8. Boiler room personnel must work in special clothing and use other personal protective equipment.
1.9. In accordance with the Model Industry Standards for the free issue of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment, boiler house employees are issued:
when operating a boiler house on solid mineral fuel:
with mechanical loading:
- cotton suit;
- mittens combined;
- goggles;
when loading manually:
- cotton suit with flame retardant impregnation;
- leather boots;
- mittens combined;
- goggles;
when working on wood and other types of fuel:
- cotton suit;
- combined gloves.
1.10. Boiler room personnel must comply with fire safety rules, be able to use fire extinguishing equipment.
Smoking is allowed only in specially designated and equipped areas.
1.11. Boiler house workers are prohibited from leaving a working boiler unattended during work.
1.12. The employee of the boiler room must immediately inform his immediate supervisor about malfunctions of equipment, fixtures and tools, as well as personal protective equipment and other violations of safety requirements and not start work until they are eliminated.
1.13. Boiler room personnel must observe the rules of personal hygiene. Wash hands with soap and water before eating, smoking and at the end of work.
1.14. For non-compliance with the requirements of the instructions, the boiler room personnel are liable in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

2.1. Before starting work, the boiler room personnel must:
- to take duty;
- put on personal protective equipment;
- check the serviceability of the serviced boilers and equipment, the presence and serviceability of emergency lighting and alarms, instrument readings and make an entry about this in the duty acceptance and delivery log.

3. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK

3.1. When preparing the boiler for kindling, an employee of the boiler room must check:
- serviceability of the furnace and gas ducts, shut-off and control devices;
- serviceability of instrumentation, fittings, power supplies, fans, as well as the presence of natural draft;
- serviceability of fuel combustion equipment;
- filling the boiler with water;
- whether the water level in the boiler is maintained and whether there is any leakage of water through connections, flanges, hatches and fittings;
- are there any plugs before and after the safety valves, on steam, oil and gas pipelines, on the supply drain and purge lines;
Before kindling the boiler, ventilate the furnace for 10-15 minutes.
3.2. In preparation for kindling a gas-fired boiler, additionally:
- check the serviceability of the gas pipeline and the valves and valves installed on it (all shut-off valves on the gas pipelines must be closed, and the valves on the purge gas pipelines must be open);
- blow the gas pipeline through the purge candle, gradually opening the valve on the branch of the gas pipeline to the boiler, make sure that there is no explosive mixture in the gas pipeline (with a gas analyzer), then close the candle;
- make sure that there is no gas leakage from the gas pipeline and gas equipment and fittings by washing them. The use of open fire for this purpose is prohibited;
- check the gas pressure on the pressure gauge;
- adjust the draft of the melted boiler by setting the vacuum in the furnace to 2-3 mm w.c.
3.3. By igniting the gas in the burner with an igniter, slowly opening the valve, start the air supply, then increase the gas and air supply.
If the igniter goes out before the burner is ignited, it is necessary to immediately shut off the gas supply, remove the igniter, ventilate the furnace and gas ducts for 10-15 minutes, and only then proceed to re-ignite the burner.
If the lit burner goes out during ignition, it is also necessary to shut off the gas supply, ventilate the furnace and gas ducts for 10-15 minutes, and then proceed to re-ignite the burner.
3.4. Before firing up a boiler fired with liquid fuel, the temperature of the fuel must be brought to the value specified in the instructions.
3.5. It is forbidden for a boiler house worker to ignite extinguished gas in the furnace without preliminary ventilation of the furnace and gas ducts.
3.6. When igniting a boiler running on liquid fuel, the boiler house worker must:
- when steam spraying liquid fuel, insert a lit kindling torch into the furnace, then supply steam to the nozzle, and then fuel;
- when mechanically spraying fuel oil, introduce a lit kindling torch, turn on the automatic ignition, slowly opening the valve, feed fuel oil into the furnace;
- after ignition of fuel oil, adjust combustion; the kindling torch should be removed from the furnace only when the combustion becomes stable;
- close the safety valve or air valve and open the purge valve if steam escapes from the open safety valve or valve.
3.7. Before putting the boiler into operation, the boiler house worker must:
- checking the serviceability of the operation of safety valves, water-indicating instruments, pressure gauge and nutritional devices;
- checking the readings of reduced water level indicators according to direct action water level indicators;
- checking and switching on the safety automation, signaling devices and automatic boiler control equipment;
- blowing out the boiler.
3.8. During the operation of the boiler, the employee must:
- maintain a normal water level in the boiler, while the water level must not be allowed to fall below the permissible lower level or rise above the permissible upper level;
- maintain normal steam pressure;
- maintain the normal temperature of superheated steam, as well as feed water;
- maintain the normal operation of the burners (nozzles);
- at least once per shift, check the serviceability of the pressure gauge by purging with a three-way valve;
- check by blowing the serviceability of water-indicating instruments and safety valves within the time limits specified in the boiler operating instructions;
- keep the boiler doors closed;
- stop blowing the boiler if during it blowing out gases through the hatches occurs.
3.9. The employee is prohibited from:
- jam or additionally load safety valves;
- continue the operation of the boiler with faulty or unregulated safety valves;
- blow the boiler in case of detection of malfunctions of the blowing fittings and the boiler;
- open and close fittings with hammer blows or other objects;
- use flammable liquids for kindling a solid fuel boiler;
- when the boiler is in operation, caulk the seams, weld the elements of the boiler, etc.;
- be near slag gates when they are opened;
- stand against the boiler doors when blowing it;
- leave a working boiler, even for a short time, without supervision and allow unauthorized persons into the boiler room;
- clutter up the boiler room with foreign materials and objects.
3.10. Stopping the boiler in all cases, except for an emergency stop, should be carried out only after receiving an order from the administration of the enterprise.
3.11. When the boiler is stopped, the employee must:
- maintain the water level in the boiler above the average operating position;
- stop the fuel supply to the furnace;
- disconnect the boiler from the steam pipelines after the complete cessation of combustion in the furnace, if there is a superheater, open the purge; if, after turning off the boiler, the pressure in the boiler rises, it is necessary to increase the blowdown;
- cool the boiler elements to +25 0C or lower and drain the water.
3.12. When stopping a solid fuel boiler, the employee must:
- burn the remaining fuel with reduced blowing and thrust;
- stop blowing and reduce thrust;
- clean the furnace and bunker;
- stop the draft by closing the smoke damper, furnace and blower doors.
3.13. When stopping a gas-fired boiler, the employee must:
- reduce and then completely stop the gas supply to the burners, and then the air (for injection burners, first air, and then gas);
- open the purge candle on the outlet and ventilate the furnace and gas ducts.
3.14. When stopping a boiler operating on liquid fuel, the employee must:
- close the fuel supply to the nozzle;
- stop the supply of steam or air;
- ventilate the furnace, gas ducts, then close the blast and draft.
3.15. Work related to the presence of people inside the boiler can only be carried out with the written permission (by permit) of the head of the boiler room or the person who is responsible for the safe operation of the boilers, with the adoption of the necessary security measures and an entry in the duty log.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

4.1. The boiler room staff must immediately stop the boiler (emergency) and inform the employer if:
- more than 50% of safety valves or devices replacing them ceased to operate;
- the pressure in the boiler has increased by more than 10% against the permissible one and continues to grow, despite the interruption of the fuel supply, reduction of draft and blast and increased water supply;
- there was a water leak from the boiler; make-up of the boiler with water is prohibited;
- the water level is rapidly decreasing, despite the increased supply of water to the boiler;
- the water level has risen above the permissible level and it is not possible to lower it by blowing the boiler;
- the operation of all nutritional devices has been discontinued;
- the operation of all water-indicating devices was stopped;
- in the main elements of the boiler (drum, collector, chamber, flame tube, fire box, furnace casing, tube sheet, external separator, steam pipeline) cracks, swelling, gaps in welds, breaks of two or more adjacent bonds were found;
- gas contamination of the boiler house operating on gas was detected;
- there was an explosion of the gas-air mixture in the boiler furnace or gas ducts;
- the supply of electricity with artificial traction is interrupted;
- there was a fire in the boiler room.
4.2. In the event of an emergency shutdown of the boiler, the personnel must:
- stop the supply of fuel and air, sharply reduce the thrust;
- quickly remove the burning fuel from the furnace, in exceptional cases, if it is impossible to do this, fill the burning solid fuel with water, making sure that the water jet does not hit the boiler walls and lining;
- after the cessation of combustion, open the smoke damper and furnace doors;
- disconnect the boiler from the steam pipeline;
- release steam through raised safety valves or emergency valve.
4.3. In the event of a fire in the boiler room, personnel must:
- immediately call the fire brigade by phone 101, inform the employer about this and take measures to extinguish fires;
- immediately turn off the gas pipeline of the gas boiler house using a valve installed outdoors;
- if the fire in the boiler room cannot be quickly eliminated, stop the boilers in an emergency, intensively feeding them with water and releasing steam;
- when the boiler stops due to soot fire or fuel entrainment, immediately stop the supply of fuel and air to the furnace, shut off the draft by stopping the smoke exhausters and fans and completely close the air and gas dampers.
4.4. An employee of the boiler house must immediately inform the employer about each accident that he witnessed, and provide the victim with first aid, if necessary, call an ambulance team by phone 103 or help deliver the victim to a medical facility. If possible, save the situation if this does not lead to an accident or injury to other people.
4.5. If the accident occurred with the boiler house worker himself, he should, if possible, call an ambulance team by calling 103, report the incident to the employer or ask someone around to do it.

5. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS ON COMPLETION OF WORK

5.1. Upon completion of work, the boiler room personnel must:
- pass the duty on the boiler room, making a note in the log;
- remove personal protective equipment and put them in the place intended for them. Timely hand over special clothing and other personal protective equipment for dry cleaning (laundry) and repair;
- wash your face and hands with soap or take a shower.
5.2. Notify your immediate supervisor of any deficiencies found during work.