Namaz is the order of Allah Almighty. In the Holy Quran, more than a hundred times, it is reminded of the obligatory nature of prayer. The Qur'an and hadith-sharifs say that prayer is obligatory for Muslims who have intelligence and have come of age. Surah verses 17 and 18 Room» « Praise God in the evening and in the morning. Praise be to Him in heaven and on earth, at nightfall and at noon". Sura " Bakara» 239 ayat « Fulfill sacred prayers, the middle prayer” (i.e. do not interrupt prayers). The tafsirs of the Qur'an say that the verses, which deal with remembrance and praise, are reminiscent of prayers. In verse 114 of Surah Hood” says: “Perform prayer at the beginning and end of the day and at nightfall, because good deeds drive away evil ones. This is a reminder for those who reflect."
Our Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wassalam) said: “Allah Almighty has made the daily prayer five times fard for his slaves. For a correctly performed ablution, a hand (bow from the waist), and a sajdah (bow to the earth), during prayer, Allah Almighty gives forgiveness and rewards enlightenment.
Five daily prayers, including 40 rak'ahs. 17 of them are in the category of farz. 3 wajibs. 20 rakah sunnah.
1- Morning prayer: (Salat-ul Fajr) 4 rak'ahs. The first 2 rak'ahs are Sunnah. Then 2 rak'ahs of farza. 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah of the morning prayer are very important. There are scholars who say that they are wajib.
2- Midday prayer. (Salat-ul zuhr) Consists of 10 rak'ahs. First, 4 rak'ahs of the first sunnah are performed, then 4 rak'ahs of the farza, and 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah.
3- Evening prayer (Ikindi, salat-ul Asr). There are 8 rak'ahs in total. First, 4 rak'ahs of the sunnah are performed, after, 4 rak'ahs of the farza.
4- Evening prayer (Aksham, salat-ul Maghrib). 5 rak'ahs. The first 3 rak'ahs are fard, then we perform 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah.
5- Night prayer (Yatsy, salat-ul Isha). Consists of 13 rak'ahs. First, 4 rak'ahs of the sunnah are performed. Behind him are 4 rak'ahs of farza. Then 2 rak'ahs of Sunnah. And finally, 3 rak'ahs of Witr prayer.
Sunnats of evening and night prayers from the category Gayr-i muakkada. This means: at the first seat, after Attahiyata, are read Allahumma sally, Allahumma barik and all dua. Then we get up on the third rak'ah, read "Subhanaka..". The first Sunnah of midday prayer is Muakkada". Or a strong sunnah, for which a lot of sawab is given. It is read in the same way as farzes, in the first seat, immediately after reading the attahiyat, you need to get up to start the third rak'ah. Having risen to our feet, we continue the prayer, starting with bismillah, and al-Fatiha.
For example, the sunnets of the morning prayer read like this:
1 - Accept intention (Niyyet)
2 - Introductory (Iftitah) takbir
First you need to stand in the direction of the Qibla. The feet are parallel to each other, the width between them is four fingers. The thumbs touch the earlobes, the palms look at the Qibla. Skip through the heart “I intend, for the sake of Allah, to perform 2 rak'ahs of the Sunnah of today's morning prayer, towards the Qibla.” Speak (in a whisper) "Allahu Akbar" lower your palms and put your right palm on your left palm, hands should be located below the navel.
little finger and thumb right hand, grasp the wrist.
3 - Standing (Qiyam) in prayer
Without looking away from the place where the forehead is applied during sujud, a) read "Subhanaka..", b) after "auzu.., bismillah.." read Fatih, c) after Fatihi, without a bismill, a short sura (zamm-i sura) is read, for example, a sura "Phil".
4 - RUKU'U
d) After zamm-i sura, saying “ Allahu Akbar» make a ruku. The palms clasp the kneecaps, keep the back flat and parallel to the ground, the eyes should look at the tips of the toes. Say three times Subhana Rabbiyal Azim". Pronounced five or seven times.
5 – Kauma.
Get up with words "Themselves'Allahu Estuary Hamidah", eyes look at the place of sujud. When fully extended, say Rabbana Lakal Hamd. "kauma".
5 - Bow to the earth (sujud)
"Allahu Akbar" "Subhana Rabbiyal a'la".
6 – With words "Allahu Akbar" move to the “sitting” position, while the buttocks lie on the left leg, the toes of the right leg remain in place and look at the Qibla, and the feet are placed vertically. The palms rest on the hips, fingers in a free position. (Seating between sujuds is called "jalse")
7 – "Allah akbar", go for the second sujud.
8 – In sujud, say at least three times "Subhana Rabbiyal-a'la" and with words "Allahu Akbar" stand up on feet. When standing up, do not push off the ground, and do not move your legs. From the floor is taken away first: Forehead, then nose, first left, then right hands, then the left knee is taken away, then the right.
9 – Standing on his feet after the bismillah, the Fatiha is read, then the zamm-i sura. After with "Allahu Akbar" is done ruku.
Get up with words "Themselves'Allahu Estuary Hamidah", eyes look at the place of the sujud, the legs of the trousers are not pulled up. When fully extended, say Rabbana Lakal Hamd. Standing thereafter is called "kauma".
Without stopping on your feet, go to sujud with words "Allahu Akbar" At the same time, put in order a) the right knee, then the left, the right palm, then the left, then the nose and forehead. b) The toes are bent towards the Qibla. c) The head is placed between the hands. d) The fingers are clenched. e) The palms are pressed to the ground. Forearms do not touch the ground. e) In this position, at least three times is pronounced "Subhana Rabbiyal a'la".
With words "Allahu Akbar" tuck the left leg under you, the toes of the right foot remain in place and look at the Qibla, and the feet are placed vertically. The palms rest on the hips, fingers in a free position.
After a short sitting with words "Allah akbar", go for the second sujud.
Tahiyyat (Tashahhud)
After the second sujud, the second rak'ah without getting up:
Read a) "Attahiyat", "Allahumma barik .." And "Rabbana Atina ..",
After a greeting (salaam) is given, first to the right "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah" then left "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah"
b) After salam, it is pronounced "Allahumma antassalam wa minkassalam tabaraqta ya zal jalali wal ikram". Next, you need to get up and, without uttering a word, begin the obligatory (farz) morning prayer (salat-ul fajr). Because the conversations between the sunnah and the farz, although they do not violate the prayer, but reduce the number of sawabs.
The obligatory (fard) two rak'ahs of the morning prayer are also performed. This time, you will need to make an intention for two rak'ahs of the morning prayer: "I intend, for the sake of Allah, to make 2 rak'ahs of today's morning prayer, which is obligatory for me, towards the Qibla"
After prayer, say three times "Astaghfirullah" then read "Ayatul-Kursi"(255 verses of the Surah " Bakara”), then read 33 tasbih ( Subhanallah), 33 times tahmid ( Alhamdulillah), 33 times takbir ( Allahu Akbar). Then read “La ilaha illalah wahdahu la shikalyakh, lyakhul mulku wa lyakhul hamdu wa hua ala kulli shayin kadir”. All this is spoken softly. Say them loudly bid'at.
Then dua is made. To do this, men stretch their arms to chest level, arms should not be bent at the elbows. Just as for prayer, the Qibla is the Ka'ba, for the dua, the Qibla is the sky. After the dua, the verse is read "Subhanarabbika.." and palms are held across the face.
In four ra'kat sunnats or farzes, you need to get up after the second rak'ah by reading "attahiyat". In the sunnah prayer, in the third and fourth rak'ahs, the sub-surah is read after the Fatiha. In the obligatory (fard) prayers in the third and fourth rak'ahs, the zamm-i sura is not read. It also reads "Maghrib" prayer, in the third rak'ah, the deputy and the sura are not read.
In the morning prayer, in all three rak'ahs, after the Fatiha, a sub-surah is read. Then the takbir is pronounced, and the hands rise to the level of the ears, and are placed back below the navel, then the dua is read "Kunut".
In the sunnats, those who are gair muakkada (sunna asr and the first sunna of ishaa prayers) in the first seat after Attahiyat are also read "Allahumma sally.." And "..barik.."
Prayer for every Muslim is a kind of communication with Allah. It helps clear the mind five times a day and brings peace to your life. Prayer is a way for a person to thank Allah, and a reminder to him that Allah is watching his life, giving him strength in the most difficult times. This article explains how to properly perform the Muslim prayer, salat, in accordance with one of the five main Islamic schools - the Hanafi madhhab.
Performing prayer five times a day is a duty that a Muslim must perform, each at a set time: in the pre-dawn hours, immediately after the zenith of the sun, before sunset, after sunset and at night. Knowing how to pray is essential to proper worship.
There are other conditions for worshipers: being in a state of ablution (guidelines on how to do ablution), the cleanliness of the place from impurities, the awrah must be covered, facing the Kaaba when praying, intention (niyyat) and introductory takbir. Let's go directly to the question of how to do prayer according to the Hanafi madhhab.
How to perform prayer correctly
Namaz begins with takbir - praising the Almighty with the words: "Allahu Akbar." At the same time, the worshiper raises his hands, touching his earlobes with his thumbs.
After the hands are folded on the stomach, the right hand is on top of the left. This position in prayer is called standing - qiyam. It is sunnah to read a short prayer "Istiftah", she is "Sana". Next, the words of protection from shaitan are pronounced: “Aguzu billahi minash shaitoni rajim” and “Bismillah ...” Next, we will consider the prayer for men, and briefly point out the differences in the female prayer.
Continuing to stand, the sura is necessarily read Holy Quran"Fatiha", this sura is read in every rak'ah (cycle) of prayer. Further, any sura from the Qur'an is read at least three verses long.
After the prayer goes into a waist bow (hand). After saying the takbir, you need to clasp your knees with your hands and straighten your back. At the same time, the words are said three times: “Subhana Robbiyal Azim”.
Straightening up, he says: "Robbana Lyakal Hamd." The straightening of the back should be complete.
With the words of the takbir, the Muslim proceeds to sujud. An important component of a properly performed earthly bow is touching the floor of the forehead, hands, toes. Be sure to fully straighten your back and do not put your elbows on the ground.
While touching the floor, the words are pronounced three times: "Subhana-Robbiyal A'ala." Then you need to sit on the left heel, leaving the right foot in the same position.
It is Sunnah to pronounce the words “Rabbi Gfirli” three times. Then the bow is made again.
After completing the prostration, the worshiper stands up with the words of takbir and becomes in the position of "kiyam", folding his hands. Thus, the first rak'ah (cycle) is performed. It should be remembered that the number of rakahs for each prayer may vary. For the morning prayer, two rak'ahs are set, for the evening - three, and for the day, evening and night - four rak'ahs each.
After the second rak'ah is done, the one who prays directly from the bow of the earth remains to read the Attahiyat. During the morning prayer with two rak'ahs, one should further read the words of Salavat and the dua, then say salam with the head turned to both sides. With four rakahs of prayer, the prayer, having read Attahiyat, performs two more rakahs of prayer and only then reads again Attahiyat, Salavat and dua. Then, to complete the prayer, he says salam. This concludes the obligatory parts of the prayer.
Prayer for a woman
Namaz for women has slight differences:
- During the introductory takbir, the woman raises her hands in front of her chest.
- In qiyama, the arms are folded above the chest.
- When prostrating, women touch their knees with their stomachs and do not spread their arms wide like men.
Allah Almighty says in the Quran: “Refer to patience and prayer for help. Verily, prayer is a heavy burden for all but the humble.” (Sura al-Baqarah, verse 45).
If you want to know the taste of prayer, then these tips may be useful to you.
1. Say takbir tahrim and leave the whole world behind you.
Have you ever thought about why we start our prayer with the words “Allahu Akbar” (takbir-tahrim), and not with dua as-sana (subhanakya Allahumma wa bihamdik)? Because when you say "Allahu Akbar", you are asserting that the One you are about to stand in front of is more important than anything other than Him.
Just imagine that when you say "Allahu Akbar" in prayer, raising your hands, it is as if you are leaving everything that is in this world behind you.
2. Imagine the veil.
Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali in his work "Ihya ulum ad-din" writes: “It is narrated that when a slave stands up for prayer, Allah Almighty says: "Lift up the veils between Me and My servant." If a person starts to get distracted, He says: “Put them down.” Remember these veils every time you are distracted in prayer.
3. Greet the Lord.
Imagine that you are entering a palace. How do you determine which of the people in the palace are servants of the ruler? Most likely by their modest demeanor, by downcast eyes.
As you lower your gaze to the place of sajdah and fold your hands humbly, it is time to salute the King of kings, Lord of the worlds.
Remember that only those parts of your prayer in which you are present in thoughts will be accepted from you.
4. Realize that Allah Almighty answers every verse of Sura al-Fatiha that you read in prayer.
Sura al-Fatiha is the greatest sura of the Qur'an, without which your prayer will not be accepted. And Allah Almighty answers you for every verse, so pause while reading this sura in prayer.
5. Say the names of Allah with love.
What made you stand up for prayer now? It is love for Allah and the desire to get closer to Him. Remember what you usually say when you meet your loved one? His name. Starting to read the Qur'an in bismillah prayer, feel how it calms and softens your heart.
6. Stand humble.
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Alhamdulillah fills the scales of the blessings of man" (Muslim)
Feel sincere gratitude when you say Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alamin.
7. Meditate on the words "ar-Rahmani Rahim" until you say: "Maliki Yaumiddin."
Have you ever wondered why Allah's names ar-Rahman and ar-Rahim come before "Maliki Yaumiddin" (Lord of the Day of Judgment). Because it is he who will judge us on the Day of Judgment.
8. Realize what the phrase "Iyyakya na'budu wa iyyakya nasta'in" really means.
“You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help.”
Let these words be a reminder to you that only Almighty Allah should be your guide, and not people or other creatures. The companions, reading this verse, wept in prayer, repeating it over and over again.
9. Say "Amin" in prayer as if your life depended on it.
You began to glorify and praise Him, and then you ask, "Lead us." Now realize that your whole existence depends on this prayer. The word "Amin" means: "O Allah, grant or answer my prayers" so it must come from the bottom of your heart.
10. Feel connected to your Creator.
When you pronounce "Subhana Rabbi al-Azyim" in hand, concentrate on what you say "my Lord." This establishes a relationship of the following kind: "He is my Lord, who raised me in His care and who cares for me."
11. Victory of the believer in sujud.
Your sajda is the final symbol of complete submission and submission to your Creator.
The Messenger of Allah said: “The closest thing to his Lord is the servant of Allah during the time of prostration” (Muslim).
As well as: “To any person who makes sujud to Allah, Allah will surely write down one good deed, wash away one sin, and increase him one step, so do more sujud while reading prayers” (Ibn Maja).
Just imagine that at every sajdah, Allah forgives you one sin and raises you one step in Paradise.
12. Turn to Allah with dua to taslim
After tashahhud and before taslim there comes a time, the value of which is unknown to many, and it is usually wasted.
The venerable Prophet (peace be upon him) said regarding the dua before salam at the end of the prayer: “Then let him choose any dua he wants and let him recite it.” (Bukhari, Muslim)
Before saying taslim, make at least three sincere duas to benefit from this precious treasure instead of rushing to say salaam.
Remember: The sweetness of this life lies in remembering Allah, the sweetness next life is to see Allah! The next time you start praying, remember that you stood before Him because you love Him, because you miss Him and long to be with Him.
Feel the flutter of your heart. Only then will you be on your way to achieving the state of inner peace that was prescribed in prayer.
News from Islamic countries
19.09.2017 
The Hanafi madhhab is the most popular, tolerant and most widespread madhhab in the world of Islam. Among Sunnis, more than 85% of Muslims are Hanafi.
For those who decide to start prayer, I advise you to start by learning the suras, verses and words that we pronounce during prayer. It is necessary to learn correctly and without picking the words. And the movements performed during prayer are the easiest to learn.
Here I offer everything you need to know in prayer:
I suggest you print them out and carry them with you all the time and read them everywhere. Learn very quickly, in about 1 - 2 days. This is not difficult.
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1. Surah Al-Fatiha
Al-hamdu lil-lyahi rabbil-‘alamin.
Ar-rahmanir-rahim.
Myaliki yaumid-din.
Iyyakya na'budu wa iyyakya nasta'in.
Ihdinas-syratal-mustakym.
Syratal-lyazina an'amta ‘aleihim geyril-magdubi ‘aleihim wa lad-dallin.
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2. Sura "Al-ihlas" Koran sura 112
Kul huwal-lahu ahad.
Allahus Samad.
Lam yalid wa lam yulad wa lam yakul-lahu kufuvan ahad
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3. Tahiyyat
At-tahiyyatu lil-lyahi was-salavat vat-tayyibat. As-salamu ‘alayka ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatul-lahi wa barakatuh. As-salamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala ‘ibadil-lyakhis-salihin. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa-llahu wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuluh.
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4. Salavat
Allahumma sally 'ala Muhammadin wa 'ala ali Muhammad
Kama salleyta ‘ala Ibrahim wa ‘ala ali Ibrahim
Innaka hamidun majid.
Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad
Kama barakta ‘ala Ibrahim wa ‘ala ali Ibrahim
Innaka Hamidun Majid
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5. Sura "Al-Baqarah", 201st ayat
Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan va fil-akhirati hasanat va kyna ‘azaban-nar.
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6. “Subhaanakyal-lahumma va bihamdik, va tabaarakyasmuk, va ta‘alaya jadduk, valyaya ilyayahe gairuk”
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7. "Subhaana rabbiyal-‘azym"
8. "Sami'a llaahu li men hamideh"
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9. "Rabbanaa lakyal-hamd"
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10. "Subhaana rabbiyal-a'lyaya"
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11. "As-salamu" "alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh"".
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ATTENTION: after reading the sura "Al-Fatiha", the word "Amin" is said quietly so that even the neighbor cannot hear. Shouting the word "Amin" is not allowed!!! Feet during prayer, put on the width of the shoulders.
Salat (prayer, namaz) is the pillar of religion. Doing it correctly, in accordance with the Sunnah, is the duty of every Muslim. Unfortunately, we are often careless about the fulfillment of this basic precept of religion, following our whims, with little concern for praying in accordance with the order that has come down to us from the Prophet.
That is why most of our prayers remain deprived of the blessings of the Sunnah, although their fulfillment in accordance with all the rules will not require much time and labor from us. All that is required of us is a little effort and diligence. If we spend a little time and attention to learn the correct way to pray and make it a habit, then the time we now spend on prayer will remain the same, but due to the fact that our prayers will be performed in accordance with the Sunnah , the blessings and rewards for them will be much greater than before.
The noble Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all, paid great attention to the performance of each act of prayer, while continuing to learn to observe the Sunnah of the Prophet from each other. Due to this necessity, this modest article contains the methods of prayer practice according to the Sunnah according to the Hanafi madhhab and indicates the errors in prayer, which have become widespread in our time. By the mercy of Allah, the listeners found this work very useful. Some of my friends wished to make this article available in printed form in order to more people could take her advice. Thus, the purpose of this brief review is to explain the performance of prayer according to the Sunnah and its application in practice with due attention. May Almighty Allah make this work useful for all of us and give us tawfiq in this.
By the Grace of Allah there is a large number of books, large and small, which describe the performance of prayer. Therefore, the purpose of this work is not to present an exhaustive description of prayer and its rules, we will focus only on a few important points, which will help bring the form of prayer in line with the requirements of the Sunnah. Another purpose of this work is the need to warn against errors in prayer, which have become widespread in our day. InshaAllah, the short tips given here will help bring our prayers in line with the Sunnah (at least appearance our prayers) so that a Muslim can humbly stand before the Lord.
Before starting prayer:
You must be sure that all of the following is done correctly.
1. It is necessary to stand up, turning towards the qibla.
2. You need to stand straight, your eyes should look at the place where you will bow to the ground (sajda). Bowing the neck and resting the chin on the chest is undesirable (makruh). It is also wrong to assume such a position when your chest is tilted. Stand up straight so that your eyes are fixed on the place where you are prostrating (sajda).
3. Pay attention to the location of your feet - they should also be directed towards the qibla (to deviate the feet to the right or left is also contrary to the Sunnah). Both feet should be turned towards the qibla.
4. The gap between both feet should be small, the size of four fingers.
5. If you are praying jama'at (collectively), you need to be sure that you are all standing in a straight line. The best way to make the line straight is when each person places the ends of both heels at the very end of the prayer mat, or on the line that is marked on the mat (which separates one part of the mat from the other).
6. When you stand in Jama'at, make sure that your hands are in close contact with the hands of those who are standing to your right and left, and that there are no gaps between you.
7. Leaving the ankles closed is unacceptable, under any conditions. Obviously, the unacceptability of this during prayer increases. So make sure the clothes you wear are higher than your ankles.
8. Sleeves should be long enough to cover the entire arm. Only the hands can be left open. Some people pray with their sleeves rolled up. It is not right.
9. It is also reprehensible (makruh) to pray in such clothes that you would not wear in public.
When you start a prayer:
1. Make a niyat or intention in your heart that you are going to pray such and such a prayer. There is no need to say the words of intention out loud.
2. Raise your hands up to your ears so that your palms are facing the direction of the qibla, the ends of your thumbs should touch or run parallel to your earlobes. The rest of the fingers stand straight and point up. There are those (who, while praying), turn their palms (more) towards their ears, and not towards the qibla. Some practically cover their ears with their hands. Some make a kind of weak symbolic gesture without raising their hands all the way to their ears. Some grab part of the ear with their hand. All these actions are wrong and contrary to the Sunnah, so they should be abandoned.
3. Raising your hands in this way up, say: "Allahu Akbar." Then, using the thumb and little finger of the right hand, wrap them around the wrist of the left hand and hold it in this way. Then, you must position the three remaining fingers of the right hand (behind) of the left hand in such a way that these three fingers are facing towards the elbow.
4. Position your hands slightly below your navel, positioning them as described above.
Standing:
1. If you perform your prayer alone or lead it as an imam, first of all, say du'a Sana; then the sura "Al-Fatiha", then a few more suras. If you are following the Imam, you should only recite Du'a Sana and then stand silently listening attentively to the Imam's recitation. If you do not hear the reading of the Imam, you should recite Surah Al-Fatiha mentally in your heart, but without moving your tongue.
2. When you read (namaz) yourself, it will be better if you, reading Al-Fatiha, hold your breath on each verse and begin the next verse with a new breath. Do not read more than one verse in one breath. For example, hold your breath on (verse): “Alhamdulillahi Rabbil-Aa’lyamiin,” and then on: “Ar-Rahmani-r-Rahim,” and then on: “Maliki yyaumid’din.” Recite the entire Surah Al-Fatihah in this way. But it will not be a mistake if you recite more than one verse in one breath.
3. Do not move any part of the body unnecessarily. Stay calm - the quieter the better. If you want to scratch or do something similar, use only one hand, but don't do it unless absolutely necessary, using a minimum of time and effort.
4. Transferring the entire weight of the body to only one leg so that the other leg remains as if in weightlessness, so that the body acquires a certain bend, will be against the etiquette of prayer. Refrain from it. It's best to distribute your body weight equally on both legs, or if you do need to shift your entire body weight onto one leg, you need to do it in such a way that the other leg doesn't flex (make a curved line).
5. If you feel the urge to yawn, try to refrain from doing so.
6. When you stand in prayer, fix your eyes on the place where you prostrate. Refrain from looking left, right, or straight ahead.
When you make a waist bow (ruku’):
When you bend down for a waist bow (ruku’), watch out for the following:
1. Tilt your upper body so that your neck and back are almost level (one line). Do not lean above or below this level.
2. When doing ruku, do not bend your neck so that your chin touches your chest, do not raise your neck above the level of the chest. neck and rib cage should be on the same level.
3. In the hand, keep your feet straight. Do not position them sloping in or out.
4. Place both of your hands on your knees so that the fingers of both hands are not closed. In other words, when you hold your right knee with your right hand and your left knee with your left, there should be space between every two fingers.
5. When you stand in a waist bow, your wrists and arms should remain straight. They should not bend or twist.
6. Remain in a waist bow for at least the time during which you can calmly say three times: "Subhan Rabbiyal-Azym."
7. When you are in a waist bow, your eyes should be fixed on the soles of your feet.
8. Body weight should be distributed on both feet and both knees should be parallel to each other.
When you get up from ruku position:
1. As you rise from the arm position back to the standing position, be sure to stand straight without twisting or twisting your body.
2. In this position, the eyes should also be fixed on the place where you are prostrating (sajda).
3. Sometimes someone just pretends to stand up straight instead of getting up completely and standing straight, sometimes someone starts to perform sajda without straightening up properly from the position of the ruku’. In this case, it becomes obligatory for them to make the prostration again. So try to refrain from it. If you are not sure that you have straightened up properly from the position of the ruku’, do not start prostrating (sajda).
When you make a sajda (bow to the earth):
Remember the following rules when performing sajda:
1. First of all, bend your knees and stand (knees) on the prayer mat in such a way that your chest does not lean forward. The chest should be lowered when the knees are already on the floor.
2. Until you kneel on the floor, refrain as much as possible from bending or lowering your upper body. This particular rule of prayer etiquette has become especially common in our day. Many people immediately bow their chest, starting to descend into sajda. But the method described above is correct. If this (the above) is not done for a serious reason, this rule cannot be neglected.
3. After you kneel down, you lower yourself onto your hands, then lower the tip of your nose, then your forehead.
In sajda (prostration):
1. While in prostration, hold your head between your two hands so that the ends of your thumbs are parallel to your earlobes.
2. In prostration, the fingers of both hands should remain pressed to each other, there should be no space between them.
3. Fingers should be directed towards the qibla.
4. Elbows should remain elevated off the floor. Putting your elbows on the floor is wrong.
5. Hands should be kept away from the armpits and sides. Do not cover your sides and armpits with your elbows.
6. At the same time, do not keep your elbows too wide apart, thus creating discomfort for those who are praying next to you.
7. The hips should not touch the stomach, keep the hips and stomach apart from each other.
8. During the entire prostration, the tip of the nose should remain pressed to the floor.
9. Both feet should be placed vertically on the floor with the heels pointing up and the toes curled up, pressed to the floor and pointing towards the qibla. If someone cannot do this for some physiological reason, he should tuck his fingers as far as possible. It is wrong to place the toes parallel to the floor without serious reasons.
10. Be careful that your feet do not come off the floor during the entire prostration. Some people perform sajda without resting even one of their toes on the floor for a moment. In this case, their prostration is considered unfulfilled, respectively, the entire prayer becomes invalid. Watch very carefully to refrain from such a mistake.
11. It takes so much time to be in the position of sajdah so that you can calmly say “Subhan Rabbiyal-Aa’la” three times. Raising your head from the floor as soon as your forehead touches the ground is prohibited.
Between two prostrations:
1. Rising from the first bow to the ground, sit straight on your hips, calmly and comfortably. Then make a second earthly bow (sajda). Making a second prostration, without straightening, immediately after you raise your head a little, is a sin. If someone makes (bow to the ground) in this way, he will have to start the prayer again.
2. Pull your left leg under you (like the blade of a hockey stick). Place your right foot upright with your toes pointing towards the qibla. Some people tuck both legs under them and sit on their heels. It is not right.
3. While you are sitting, both hands should be on the thighs, but the fingers should not go down (on the knees themselves), the fingertips should only reach the place where the edge of the knee begins.
4. While you are sitting, your eyes should be fixed on your knees.
5. You should remain in the sitting position for as long as you can say: "Subhanallah" - at least once. If you say while sitting (between two earthly prostrations): “Allahumma gfirli varhamni vasturni vahdini varzukni,” it will be even better. But it is not necessary to do this during the fard prayer (obligatory prayer), it is better to do it when performing the nafil prayer (additional prayer).
The second bow to the earth and the rise after it (rising after it):
1. Make the second prostration in the same order as the first - first place both hands on the floor, then the tip of the nose, then the forehead.
2. The complete performance of the earthly bow should be the same as mentioned above in connection with the first earthly bow.
3. When you rise from the sajda position, first lift your forehead off the floor, then the tip of your nose, then both hands, then your knees.
4. When getting up, it is better not to lean on the floor for support, however, if it is difficult to do (it is difficult to get up without support) due to body weight, illness or old age, lean on the floor for support is allowed.
5. After you rise to your original position, say: “Bismillah,” before reciting Surah Al-Fatiha at the beginning of each rak'at.
In the position of ka'da (sitting between two rak'ats of prayer):
1. Sitting in a position (ka'da) should be done in the same way as it was described above in the part where it was said about sitting between two earthly prostrations.
2. When you reach the words: “Ashkhadu alla ilaha,” when reading (du’a) “At-tahiyat”, you should raise your index finger with a pointing movement and lower it back when you say: “il-Allah”.
3. How to make a pointing movement: you make a circle, connecting your middle and thumb fingers, close your little finger and ring finger (the one next to it), then raise your index finger so that it points towards the qibla. It should not be lifted straight up towards the sky.
4. Lowering the index finger, it is put back in the same position that it had before the start of the pointing movement.
When you turn around (to say salaam):
1. When you turn to say salam to both sides, you should turn your neck so that your cheek is visible to those who are sitting behind you.
2. When you turn to (say) salaam, your eyes should be fixed on your shoulders.
3. Turning your neck to the right with the words: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatullah,” have the intention to greet all people and angels on the right. In the same way, when giving salaam to the left, have the intention of saluting all the people and angels to your left.
How to make dua
1. Raise both your arms up so that they are in front of your chest. Leave a small space between both hands. Don't keep your hands close together and don't keep them far apart.
2. During the du'a, the inside of the hands should be facing the face.
Namaz for women
The above method of praying is for men. Namaz performed by women differs from men in some respects. Women should be careful about the following:
1. Before starting prayer, women should make sure that their entire body, except for the face, hands and feet, is covered with clothes. Sometimes women pray with their hair open on their heads. Some leave their wrists open. Some use a scarf so thin or small that dangling locks of hair can be seen through it. If during prayer at least a quarter of any part of the body remains open for such a time, which is enough to say: “Subhan Rabbial-Azym”, three times, then such a prayer becomes invalid. However, if a smaller part of the body remains open, the prayer will be valid, but (on such a prayer) sin still remains.
2. For women, praying in a room is better than on a veranda, and doing it on a veranda is better than doing it in a courtyard.
3. At the beginning of the prayer, women do not need to raise their hands to their ears, they only need to raise them to shoulder level. And the hands should be raised inside a scarf or other covering. You should not take your hands out from under the covers.
4. When women fold their arms across their chests, they should simply place the palm of their right hand over the end of their left hand. Folding your hands at the level of the navel, like men, is not necessary.
5. In a waist bow (ruku '), women do not have to completely align their backs, like men. Also, they should not bend as low as men.
6. In position, the man's hand should be wrapped around his knees with his fingers, women only need to put their hands on their knees so that the fingers are close to each other, that is, so that there is space between the fingers.
7. Women should not keep their legs completely straight, instead they should bend their knees slightly forward.
8. In the ruku position, men should keep their arms outstretched to the sides from the sides. Women, on the contrary, should press their hands to their sides.
9. Women should keep both legs close together. Both knees should be almost connected so that there is no distance between them.
10. When performing sajda, men should not lower their chest until they place both knees on the floor. Women do not need to follow this method - they can immediately lower their chest and begin to perform sajda.
11. Women should perform sajda so that the stomach is pressed to the hips and the arms are pressed to the sides. In addition to this, they can place their feet on the floor, pointing them to the right side.
12. Men are not allowed to put their elbows on the floor during sajdah. But women, on the contrary, should put their entire arm, including the elbows, on the floor.
13. While sitting between two sajdas and reading At-Tahiyat, women sit on their left thighs, pointing both legs to the right and leaving their left foot on the right shin.
14. Men are required to pay close attention to the position of their fingers during ruku', and keep them together in sajda, and then leave them as they are during the rest of the prayer, when they make no effort to connect or reveal them. But women are required to keep their fingers close together so that there is no space between them. This should be done in the position of ruku’, in sajda, between two sajda and in ka’da.
15. It is makruh (undesirable) for women to perform prayer with jama’at, praying alone (will be) preferable for them. However, if their male mahrams (members of their family) pray in the house, there will be nothing wrong if the women also join them in the jama'at. But in this situation it is necessary that they stand exactly behind the men. Women should not stand next to men in the same row.
Some essential rules of behavior in the mosque
1. Entering the mosque, say the following du'a:
“Bismillahi you-salaat you-salaam ala Rasulullah. Allahhumma aftahli abwaba rahmatik"
(“I enter (here) with the name of Allah and a prayer of blessing to His Messenger. O Allah, open the doors of Your Grace to me”).
2. Immediately after entering the mosque, make the intention: "I will remain in (state) i'tikaf all the time while I am in the mosque." By doing this, inshaAllah, one can hope for spiritual benefits from i'tikaf (stay in the mosque).
3. Passing inside the mosque, it is best to sit in the front row. If the first rows are already occupied, sit where you find an empty seat. Passing by stepping over the necks of people is unacceptable.
4. You should not greet those who are already sitting in the mosque and busy with dhikr (remembrance of Allah) or reading the Koran. However, if one of these people is not busy looking at you, it won't hurt you to greet them.
5. If you want to perform sunnah or nafil prayer in a mosque, choose a place where the least number of people can pass in front of you. Some people begin their prayers in the back rows, while there is enough space in front. Because of this, it becomes difficult for other people to pass between them to find an empty seat. Praying in this way is a sin in itself, and if one passes in front of the person making the prayer, then the sin of passing in front of the praying person also falls on the one who makes such a prayer.
6. After entering the mosque, if you have some free time before starting the prayer, then, before sitting down, perform two rak'ats (prayers) with the intention of tahiya al-masjid. This is a very commendable thing. If you do not have time before prayer, you can combine the intention for tahiya al-masjid with the intention for sunnat prayer. If you don’t have time even to perform sunnat prayer, and the jama’at has already gathered (ready for prayer), this intention can be attached to the intention for fard prayer.
7. While you are in the mosque, keep doing dhikr. It is especially helpful to say the following words:
"SubhanAllah wal-hamdullilyahi wa la ilaha il-Allah wa Allahu Akbar"
(“Exalted be Allah, all praise be to Allah, there is no God but Allah, Allah is Great”).
8. Do not allow yourself to be drawn into unnecessary talk while you are (in the mosque) that may distract you from worship and prayer or dhikr (remembrance of Allah).
9. If the jama’at is already ready (has already gathered) for prayer, fill in the first rows first of all. If there is a free seat in the front rows, it is not allowed to stand in the back rows.
10. When the imam takes his place on the minbar to deliver the Friday khutbah (sermon), then until the end of the prayer it is not allowed to talk, greet someone or respond to a greeting. However, if someone starts talking at this time, it is also not permissible to ask them to keep quiet.
11. During the sermon (khutba) sit as you sit in qa'da (during prayer). Some people sit like this only in the first part of the khutba, and then put their hands differently (remove them from the hips) in the second part of it. This behavior is wrong. One should sit with hands on hips during both parts of the sermon.
12. Refrain from anything that can spread dirt or smell around the mosque or cause harm to someone.
13. When you see someone doing something wrong, ask him not to do it, calmly and gently. It is unacceptable to openly insult him, reproach him, quarrel with him.
ATTENTION: in more detail about prayer and how to make ablution, you can
The order of midday prayer
Midday prayer consists of four rak'ahs (cycles). It is done as follows:
1. Having previously fulfilled all the conditions necessary for the start of prayer, stand facing the revered Kaaba, discarding all extraneous thoughts. Turn your heart and attention to Allah, thinking of His Majesty, Mercy and love for His creatures, knowing that He is watching over you. In this case, the legs should be shoulder-width apart, the feet on the same line, the arms are lowered, the gaze is directed to the place where the forehead touches when bowing to the ground.
During the entire prayer, women need to show composure of the body: their legs should be together, their hands should be pressed to the body;
2. Intention.
Starting prayer necessarily make an intention with your heart to perform the appropriate prayer. Do it at the same time as saying takbira, that is, the words "Allahu Akbar" for entry into prayer. For example: “I intend to perform the obligatory (fard) noon prayer for the sake of Allah”. That is, you must mentally express the intention to perform namaz, indicate in it that you are performing an obligatory (farz) prayer, and what kind of prayer (morning, noon or afternoon, etc.). It is advisable to indicate in the intention whether it is timely prayer or reimbursable, as well as the number of rak'ahs. It should be remembered that prayer is performed only for the sake of Allah.
However, before takbir, first saying the intention aloud is sunnah, and this is done in order to make it easier to focus on it mentally.
3. Saying the takbir.
Necessarily stand to say the introductory takbir:
اَللهُ اَكْبَرُ
"Allahu Akbar" (Allah is great). After pronouncing it, you are already in prayer. Takbir and subsequent verbal arcana and prayers should be pronounced so that you yourself can hear the reading, observing, as expected, all the rules of reading and pronouncing letters without distortion, without adding or subtracting a single letter. All prayers must be read only on the exhale.
When pronouncing takbir, it is recommended to raise your hands so that the thumbs are at the level of the earlobes, the palms are directed forward, the remaining fingers are slightly bent and also directed forward.
Women also raise their hands in the same way.
4. Standing.
Necessarily stand when performing ritual prayer, if a person can. In this case, it is recommended to fold your hands below the chest and above the navel so that the right palm is on the wrist of the left hand and holds it.
5. Reading Surah Al-Fatiha(of the first sura of the Qur'an).
Necessarily reading Surah Al-Fatiha so that they themselves can hear the reading, observing all the rules of reading (tajweed) and the sequence of verses and pronouncing the letters without distortion. The correct reading of Surah Al-Fatiha must be learned directly from the lips of a competent teacher and this should be done without delay.
If someone cannot read the surah Al-Fatiha correctly, then he should read any verses of the Holy Quran, the number of letters in which in total is equivalent to the number of letters in the surah Al-Fatiha (156 letters). If a person knows one or more verses from Surah Al-Fatiha (Basmala is also an ayat of Surah Al-Fatiha), he can repeat them as many times to get the same number of letters as in Surah Al-Fatiha ". If a person cannot read anything from the Qur'an, he should read the words of the remembrance of Allah (zikr):
سُبْحانَ اللهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلهِ وَلآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ واَللهُ اَكْبَرُ
“Subhanallahi, wal-hamdulillahi, wala ilyaha illallahu wallahu akbar”
(Allah is pure from all shortcomings, praise and glory to Allah, there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, Allah is Great).
The prayer says these words so many times that there are at least as many letters as in Surah Al-Fatiha. For example, it is enough to say the words "Allahu Akbar" twenty times. If a person cannot read either the Al-Fatiha surah, or anything else from the Koran, cannot read the dhikr (for example, a person who has just accepted the faith), then he stands silently for as long as it takes a moderate reading of the surah " Al-Fatiha.
آمينَ يا رَبَّ الْعالَمينَ
“Amin, I am Rabbaal-‘alyamin”
(O Allah - Lord of the worlds, fulfill my request!).
It is also advisable to read at least one or three verses from the Qur'an in the first and second rak'ahs after Surah Al-Fatiha. Before reading Surah Al-Fatiha in the first rak'ah, it is recommended to read the prayer "Iftitah" (See Annex 5) and then "Isti'az".
6. Belt bow(hand ‘).
After reading Surah Al-Fatiha necessarily make a waist bow so that the palms of both hands rest on the cups of the knees. In this case, the elbows are slightly retracted to the sides, the back, neck and head are on the same straight line. In this position, it is necessary to linger at rest for a while(at least for a time sufficient to pronounce "Subhanallah"). This delay is called "fog". It should be noted that bowing, like all other subsequent actions of prayer, should not be performed for any other purpose than to perform an element of prayer. It is recommended that when performing a waist bow, raise your hands to the level of your ears in the same way as when entering prayer, and say: “Allahu Akbar.” Also, during the waist bow, it is advisable to say three times:
سُبْحانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظيمِ وَبِحَمْدِه
“Subhana Rabbiyal-‘azimi wa bihamdihi”
(My Great Lord is above all faults, praise be to Him).
7. Straightening(i‘tidal).
Necessarily return after a waist bow to the starting position "standing" and linger in this position for a while (fog). It is recommended during straightening to raise your hands to the level of your ears, as before, and say:
سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ
"Sami'allahu firth hamidah"
(Allah accepts the praises of the one who praises Him), stretching the pronunciation for the entire period of straightening. After you have finally straightened up, it is advisable to say:
رَبَّنا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ
"Rabbana lakal-hamd"
(O our Lord! Praise be to Thee!).
8. Prostration(sujud).
Then necessarily make a bow to the ground, pressing his forehead to the floor (rug). To do this, first kneel down, then lean forward, rest with both hands on the floor and touch the floor with your forehead. Part of both knees, part of the palms of both hands, the lower part of the toes (while the fingers are pointing towards the Qibla) and part of the forehead (the nose also touches the floor) should touch the floor. At the same time, the weight of the head presses on the forehead. Stay in this position for a while, during which it is recommended to say three times:
سُبْحانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلى وَبِحَمْدِه
"Subhana Rabbiyal-a'la wa bihamdihi"
(My Great Lord is above all faults, praise be to Him).
It is also recommended to say “Allahu Akbar” before performing the earthly bow. When bowing to the ground, it is desirable that the hands be at shoulder level, the fingers are slightly pressed against each other and directed towards the Kaaba. For men, it is recommended that when bowing to the ground, the elbows be laid to the sides and raised from the floor, the stomach does not touch the hips. Women, while bowing to the ground and waist, keep their elbows pressed to the body, and when bowing to the ground, the elbows are also raised from the floor, but the stomach touches the hips.
Between the forehead and the place in which it rests, there should be no barriers, for example, hair, a hat or a scarf, at least part of the forehead should touch the floor directly.
9. Sitting between two prostrations.
Necessarily after bowing to the ground, sit down, while straightening the torso, and stay in this position for a while. Rising from the bow of the earth, it is advisable to say "Allahu Akbar". While in a sitting position, it is recommended to say:
رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لي وَارْحَمْني وَاجْبُرْني وَارْفَعْني وَارْزُقْني وَاهْدِني وَعافِني
“Rabbagfir li, varhamni, wajburni, varfa‘ni, varzukni, vahdini, va ‘afini.”
(O my Lord! Give me forgiveness, have mercy on me, help me, raise my degree, grant me food, lead me further on the true path and protect me from diseases).
When sitting, it is recommended to tuck the left leg under you so that the foot is under the buttocks, while the right foot is located vertically on the floor and rests on the fingers directed forward towards the Qibla, as in prostration. This way of sitting is called "Iftirash". It is recommended to put your hands on your knees while sitting, fingers pointing towards the Kaaba.
10. Required execute second earthly bow. It is performed in the same way as the first one. At the same time, bending down and rising, pronounce the takbir. With the performance of the second earthly bow, the first rak'ah (cycle) of prayer ends..
11. Thereafter necessarily necessary get up in full growth for execution second rak'ah. To do this, first take the “sitting on your knees” position, then, resting your hands on the floor, palms down, stand up to your full height and take the “standing” position, as at the beginning of the previous rak'ah. During the ascent, it is recommended to say "Allahu Akbar". Repeat after that all points from 5 to 10. This ends the second rak'ah..
12. After the second prostration of the second rak'ah (in prayers consisting of 3 or 4 rak'ahs), it is recommended to sit down and read "Tashahhud"(its other name is "At-Tahiyyat", and after him "Salavat" Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). It is advisable to sit in the iftirash position (see paragraph 9). If necessary, you can sit on both crossed feet.
It is recommended to keep both hands on your knees. The fingers of the left hand lie on the left knee and are directed towards the Kaaba, the fingers of the right hand lie on the right knee, except for the index one, which rises slightly when pronouncing "illallah" (in "Tashahhud") and remains in this position until the end of the seat. At the same time, the gaze from the place where the forehead touches is directed to the rising index finger, even if you cannot see it due to darkness or for another reason. The raised finger is slightly bent, the middle and ring fingers and the little finger of the right hand are slightly clenched into a fist, and the thumb is slightly pressed against the index finger.
13. Then necessarily necessary get up and perform the next two rak'ahs in the same way as described in paragraphs 5 - 11. Getting up on the third rak'ah, it is recommended to raise your hands to the level of your ears, while saying "Allahu Akbar." However, you should not raise your hands before the fourth rak'ah.
14.
After performing the second sujud in the last rak'ah necessarily sit down, read "Tashahhud" and "Salavat". Hands are recommended to be held as indicated in paragraph 12. Forefinger rises slightly when pronouncing "illallah" and remains in this position until the end of prayer. It is recommended to sit on the floor, bending the left leg and putting it under the right leg, which remains in the same position as when bowing to the ground. (fig.9). This way of sitting is called "tavarruk".
However, after “Tashahhud” it is recommended to read “as-Salat al-Ibrahimiyya” in full, then it is advisable to pronounce the dua. You can also read this famous dua:
اَللّهُمَّ إِنّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذابِ جَهَنَّمَ وَمِنْ عَذابِ الْقَبْرِ وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيا وَالْمَماتِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسيحِ الدَّجّالِ
"Allahumma inni a'u h u bik min 'a h abi jahannam wa min'a h abil-kabri wa min fitnatil-mahya wal-mamati wa min sharri fitnatil-masihi-ddajjali."
(O Allah! I seek help and salvation from You from the torments of Hell, and from the torments of the grave, from the delusions of life and death, and from the evil of confusion of the false messiah Dajjal).
15. Final salam.
At the end of the prayer necessarily pronounce "As-Salamu' alaikum", but it is recommended to say:
اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ
"As-Salamu ‘alaykum wa rahmatullah" turning his head first to the right, then to the left. With these words, the noon prayer ends.
The order of performance of the afternoon and night prayers
Afternoon and night prayers are performed in the same way as midday. The intention should indicate that the obligatory afternoon (or night) prayer is being performed. In the first two rak'ahs of the night prayer, men are advised to read a short sura aloud after the Al-Fatiha surah. This is also allowed for women if there are no strangers nearby.
The procedure for performing the evening prayer
The three rak'ahs of the evening prayer are performed in the same way as the first three rak'ahs of the night prayer, but with the intention of fulfilling the obligatory evening prayer. After the second sujud, the third rak'ah is performed paragraphs 14 and 15.
The order of the morning prayer
The two rak'ahs of the morning prayer are performed in the same way as the first two rak'ahs of the night prayer, but with the intention of fulfilling the obligatory morning prayer.
After the second sujud of the second rak'ah, perform paragraphs 14 and 15. Also after saying "Rabbana lakal-hamd", straightening up after a waist bow (in I'tidal) second rak'ah, it is recommended to read the dua "Kunut".
"It was narrated by Imams an-Nawawi and Ibn Hibban that once a man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked:" O Messenger of Allah! Verily, I cannot learn to read the Qur'an. Teach me what will replace the reading of the Qur'an " The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: “Say: subhanallahi, wal-hamdulillahi, wala ilyaha illallahu wallahu akbar, wala hawlya walya kuvvata illya billahil-'aliyyil-'azim.”
"In another saying, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:" If you can read the Qur'an, then read it.
"When reading "Salavat" in the "Tashahhud" of obligatory prayers, the word "sallim" is not pronounced. "Tashahhud" is read without this word."
“After saying “Salam” and turning your head to the right, it is advisable to mentally greet all the believers (people, angels and jinn) who are on your right side. Then, in the same way, turn your head to the left and say “Salam”, while mentally making the intention to greet everyone believers on your left."