"At the flower bed"
"Watching Mother and Stepmother"
"Dandelion Watch"
Ecological action in 2 ml. gr.
"Teremok" on the topic:
"Green Pharmacy"
Prepared by: teacher
MBDOU d / s "Firefly"
Vasilyeva O. V.
2014
Target: creation of conditions for familiarizing children with the world of medicinal herbs, the rules for their collection, use for healing the body.
Tasks: teach children to recognize and name medicinal plants;
Understand the significance of the plant world for the human condition - his mood, well-being;
take care of medicinal plants;
to teach to understand and love the beauty of the world around;
Planned result: formed knowledge about medicinal plants and the need for their application when necessary; careful attitude of children to medicinal plants that help human health.
Implementation plan.
1. The teacher's story on the topic: "Green Pharmacy" - medicinal plants - coltsfoot, dandelion.
2. Looking at pictures of coltsfoot, dandelion.
3. Reading: Anatoly Onegov "The First Flower" (coltsfoot), nursery rhyme about coltsfoot;
M. Polyanskaya "Dandelion", K. Kvitko "Dandelion", V. Serova "Dandelion",
Z. Aleksandrova "Dandelion".
Riddles about dandelion.
Memorizing a poem by O. Vysotskaya "Dandelion".
4. D / s: “Guess from the description”, “What does this plant treat?”
5. Walking observation of medicinal plants: coltsfoot, dandelion.
6. P / s: "Dandelion", "I'm sitting on a stump ...".
7. Drawing: "Wears a dandelion - a yellow sarafan."
8. Post information for parents in the "Gifts of Nature" section on the topic: "April Vitamins" (coltsfoot, dandelion).
"Coltsfoot"
The coltsfoot appears on the thawed patches in early April. This perennial plant is similar to the dandelion, but much smaller. In addition, the dandelion first has a leaf rosette, and then flowers. The coltsfoot has flowers first. Basket flowers are on a stem covered with brownish scales (modified leaves).
At night and in bad weather, the coltsfoot flower tightly closes its petals. Much later, when the plant fades, large, rounded heart-shaped serrated leaves grow.
From above they are bright green, shiny, harsh, cold, from below the leaves are covered with thick white velvety fluff, which, if applied to the hand, warms. Why, apparently, the name of the plant came about.
Coltsfoot as a medicinal plant has been known for a long time. Tincture from the flowers of this plant was used for colds, coughs, and also to stimulate appetite. Decoctions and infusions of coltsfoot are also used in the form of wet dressings, compresses, lotions, in the treatment of infectious wounds.
"Dandelion"
Dandelion officinalis is one of the most common perennial plants. The leaves are smooth, the flowers are bright yellow. This is a plant with a leafless flower stem (arrow). Leaves basal, in the form of a rosette. The fruits are seeds with a tuft.
Grows in fields, meadows, gardens, forests, along roads, near dwellings. For medicinal purposes, mainly the roots are used; leaves.
All parts of the plant have an antipyretic effect, and are also used to stimulate appetite. Dandelion has a calming effect, helps with insomnia. Externally, the milky juice of dandelion is used to remove calluses. Roasted roots are used as a coffee surrogate, and young leaves - in the form of a spring vitamin salad that improves metabolism (to remove bitterness, the leaves are placed in salt water for half an hour).
Dandelion Vitamin Salad
They take young spring dandelion leaves, wash, grind, season with vegetable oil, you can add a little citric acid or vinegar and serve immediately. Lettuce spoils quickly, so you need to prepare it at once.
Mobile game "Dandelion".
Along the edge of the groove
On the grassy sofa
Merry crowd
Dandelions scattered.
Here the sun has risen
It rolled with a ball.
Looking for the red sun
Where are the dandelions?
(V. Danko)
Children - dandelions in yellow caps run to the music or the sound of a tambourine.
With the end of the sound, they run to their chairs.
The teacher pronounces the text, after which he goes to look for dandelions, which, covering their faces with their hands, hide.
Educator: "Yellow dandelion,
I'll rip you off.
yellow dandelion
Hiding in the grass."
The teacher leaves. The music is playing again. The game is repeated.
Mobile game "I'm sitting on a stump ..."
Children walk in a circle, the driver sits in the center and says:
"I'm sitting on a stump,
I look at the meadow.
There are different flowers.
yellow and red,
White and blue
All very beautiful
I won't pick flowers...
Children. Will you play with us?
Leading. Yes!
Children scatter, and the leader salit them.
O. Vysotskaya "Dandelion" M. Polyanskaya "Dandelion"
Dandelions are everywhere
On the spring grass
Flickered in the yard
Run up the mountain
Dropped the sun Hid in a groove.
Golden beam.
Dandelion has grown
First, young. Z. Aleksandrova "Dandelion"
Dandelion golden
He was wonderful. He was handsome, young.
Golden color, I was not afraid of anyone,
He is a great sun Even the wind itself.
Small portrait. Dandelion golden.
He got old and gray-haired.
And as soon as I sat
E. Serova "Dandelion" Flew away with the wind.
Wears a dandelion.
Yellow sundress. Riddles.
Grow up - dress up There is one such flower,
In a little white dress: You can't weave it into a wreath.
Light, airy, blow lightly on it:
Obedient to the wind. There was a flower and there is no flower.
(Dandelion)
K. Kvitko "Dandelion"
Dandelion silvery, golden and young.
How wonderfully he was created: In a week he became gray-haired,
Round - round and fluffy, A day in two
Filled with warm sunshine. bald head,
On my high leg, I'll hide it in my pocket
Rising in the blue, Former....
It grows on the path, (Dandelion)
Both in the hollow and in the grass.
Rhyme about mother-and-stepmother.
First thawed patches
All in small flowers.
Warmed by the sun
Sunshine portraits.
Spring and primroses are related concepts. The coltsfoot also belongs to the spring primroses. Mother and stepmother is a bold flower. Why? We learn about this from a fairy tale ...
The Tale of Spring-Red and Mother-and-Stepmother
Spring-red came to the Reserved Forest, looks at everything. The surroundings are dark and gloomy. Spring is coming, quietly red, looking at the sky. And the sky, like a blue canvas soaked with dampness, seems sad over the black inhospitable earth.
“We need to change everything,” Spring hurries. - Tired of gray and dark tones. We need to add new colors. Where to begin? Maybe stir up the snow, free the earth from them, and then flowers will appear? There is nothing more colorful than flowers.
Spring reasoned like this, only the very flowers that she thought about had already appeared from under the ground.
“And we don’t want to wait for all the snow to melt,” said the little yellow flowers called coltsfoot.
“Since you are so brave,” said Spring, “it is very good. You, like little suns scattered on the ground, give joy. Just do not forget to close at night, otherwise there are frosts at night.
The real big Sun, smiling slyly, sent its warmest rays to the bold flowers to warm them up.
Have you guys seen Spring? She walks around...
Questions to the fairy tale about Spring-red and mother-and-stepmother
What was the day when Spring-red came?
Why was the sky sad?
What is the most colorful thing about Spring?
What flowers didn't want to wait for the snow to melt?
Why did the sun send additional rays to the coltsfoot?
Tell the children, what is Spring's job?
We are surrounded by plants everywhere: flowers, herbs, trees and shrubs. Without plants, there would be no life on earth. Plants help us breathe. And with their help, you can cure some diseases. You just need to know which plants are medicinal and use them correctly.
Each plant is created by nature for the good. People studied plants, passed on to another generation their knowledge of medicinal properties plants, were "Herbalists".
We have a pharmacy located almost under our feet. Children should see the beauty of the surrounding nature, understand the benefits of plants, flowers and herbs. We, adults, walk with children, go on excursions, to the park, forest, field, introduce them to our mother nature. In spring and summer, you can walk a lot and watch plants and insects. Children are interested in everything.
Let's tell children about medicinal plants. What plants are called medicinal, how to collect them correctly. Teach children to distinguish between medicinal herbs and cultivate respect for nature.
Medicinal plants with a description for children
And in the thickets of the forest,
In fields and meadows
Where everything is sweet for the heart,
Where clean air is so sweet to breathe.
Available in herbs and flowers
healing power,
For everyone who can
unravel their secret.
(Sun. Christmas)
When we are sick, it is not always necessary to run to the pharmacy for pills. We are surrounded by many plants that can be treated.
Plants that are used to treat various diseases are called medicinal. What plants are medicinal?
Many medicinal plants are known to children since childhood. These are: dandelion, chamomile, nettle, plantain, coltsfoot, lilies of the valley, linden.
Consider the most famous plants for children.
Stinging nettle
The word comes from the old Russian word "koprena" - silk. Nettles were used to obtain fiber and fabrics.
Previously, nettles were considered a means to exorcise evil spirits.
In difficult years, nettle helped people out a lot. It was eaten, prepared soups, salads. It has long been known as a medicinal plant. Folk wisdom says: One nettles will replace seven doctors.
Nettle is used for inflammation of the lungs, bleeding, gargle, used to strengthen hair.
Nettle stems and leaves are covered with stinging hairs. This feature of the plant is reflected in riddles and proverbs.
To mess around with him, to sit in nettles.
Though not fire, but it burns.
What herb does the blind recognize?
Grows like a green wall
She is bypassed
Prickly and evil diva,
What is the name of the grass?
(Nettle)
pharmaceutical camomile
Sisters are standing in the field,
Yellow eyes look at the sun
Every sister has
white eyelashes
(Chamomile)
The name comes from the Latin "romona" - Roman, borrowed from the Polish language. In literature, her image is associated with the image of modest beauty and kindness.
Description of chamomile
Chamomile is an annual herbaceous plant from the Compositae family.
The flowers are collected in a basket, which consists of white tongue-shaped petals and yellow tubular flowers. Chamomile blooms from May to September. It grows everywhere: in fields, along roads, near human dwellings.
Medicinal properties of chamomile.
Used as a sedative, anti-inflammatory, diuretic.
Gargle with a decoction of chamomile, use it as an anti-inflammatory agent for gastrointestinal diseases. Apply as cosmetic product, a decoction of chamomile gives fair hair golden hue.
How is chamomile prepared?
Flowers are collected in dry weather, dried in a room well warmed by the sun, scattered in a thin layer on cloth or paper.
Dandelion officinalis
This plant is familiar to children since childhood. Who doesn't like to collect yellow dandelions and make wreaths out of them? This is a perennial plant of the Compositae family.
They bloom for a long time, forming many seeds per season.
When dandelions bloom, it seems that the children of the sun have descended to the earth and covered it with a beautiful carpet.
Dandelion is very similar to the sun.
Dandelion has been used for a long time medicinal purposes. It is called the "elixir of life" for good reason: all parts of the plant are useful. And roots, leaves, flowers.
Dandelion flowers are used to make jam similar to honey. Leaves can be used to prepare healthy salads in spring.
Dandelion Salad:
100 g of dandelion leaves;
90 g green onions;
25 g parsley;
15 g of vegetable oil;
1 boiled egg;
salt, pepper to taste.
Soak dandelion leaves in salt water for 30 minutes, chop, add herbs, butter, decorate with a boiled egg.
Dandelion has diaphoretic, antipyretic and expectorant properties.
Plantain
Grows along roads. Its Russian names are "plantain", "fellow traveler". It is also called “cutter”, “rannik” - for its wound healing properties.
In medicine, the leaves are used to heal wounds and cuts. Also used for stings of bees, wasps and even snakes. Freshly crushed mass of plantain leaves prevents the appearance of edema.
Plantain is used for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, for gastritis, stomach diseases.
Plantain seeds are sticky, stick to human shoes, to the paws of animals and are carried over long distances.
You will meet him along the paths,
You will heal abrasions,
Pluck off the leaf carefully.
Who will heal us?
(Plantain)
Coltsfoot
I'm not famous for flowers
And with ordinary sheets:
That hard, cold,
It's soft and dark.
The name of the plant was given by the structure of the leaf. From below they are white, fluffy, soft, like mother's hands. From above green, cold - like a stepmother.
A perennial plant of the Compositae family, with straight stems covered with brownish scaly leaves.
Yellow flowers on the stem.
The plant has been used as a medicinal plant since ancient times. Coltsfoot- honey plant. And these are the first spring flowers that delight us.
Coltsfoot flowers
Like lights of the sun.
Grow on the hillside
Straight from the snow - and bloom!
(L. Akinshina)
Mystery
The top of the leaf is smooth
But with a flannelette lining
(Coltsfoot)
The plant uses both flowers and leaves. Used for coughing, to strengthen the immune system, as a diaphoretic.
Ivan tea or fireweed
In ancient times, ropes were twisted from its stems, they called it “wild flax”. Good honey plant.
It is brewed like tea. Used for kidney disease, as a sedative.
Shepherd's bag
This plant grows like a weed everywhere. The fruit is a triangular pod similar to a shepherd's bag.
The infusion is used for bleeding.
On the wastelands and on the roads
With an inflorescence a little white weed.
But having studied all its properties,
You may not see it that way.
The bleeding will stop
In China, he is a salad to the table.
The weed is tenacious: there are so many seeds
In a fruit that looks like a bag.
(Shepherd's bag)
What other medicinal plants are known to children?
Mint
Add it to tea. There is a lot in mint useful properties. Pleasant aroma, cooling taste. Mint tinctures are soothing.
Tasty tea and fragrant,
With her, he is light and pleasant:
The leaves are torn and dented.
What are you breathing in? - Smell…( mint)
Calendula or marigold
What strange flowers
Under the name of nails?
So similar to daisies -
All in orange shirts?
(Calendula)
It has an expectorant, diuretic, diaphoretic. Gargle with calendula for stomatitis and sore throat.
Lily of the valley
Listed in the Red Book. Fragile, beautiful and fragrant flower. But be careful. Lily of the valley is poisonous.
Lily of the valley is a very useful plant. Heart and sedative drops are prepared from it. AT traditional medicine lily of the valley is used, but you need to consult a doctor because it is not safe.
The forest turns black
warmly awakened,
Embraced by spring dampness.
And on the strings of pearls
Everyone trembles from the wind.
Carefully woven by nature,
Wrapped in a green leaf
A flower grows in the wilderness untouched
Cool, fragile and fragrant.
(May lily of the valley)
St. John's wort
This is a low perennial plant with a straight thin stem. On the leaves are light dots, similar to holes. The plant is called St. John's wort.
These cells store essential oils.
On the branches - inflorescences of yellow flowers with a balsamic smell. St. John's wort blooms from June to August. It grows in meadows, fields, along the slopes of the coast.
Contains carotene and vitamin C. Plant useful for humans.
It is also called "God's grass", it treats 99 ailments. Why not 100? St. John's wort should not be used in patients with tumors.
Infusion of herbs is used for diseases of the stomach, for gargling, drink as tea.
If something hurts
Not even the beast can resist.
With what herb to drink infusion?
With miracle weed
(St. John's wort)
burdock
Unpretentious plant, grows everywhere. Just a wonderful weed. Children from its fruits mold figurines. Burdock is also called burdock.
In medicine, both burdock roots and leaves are used. They prepare decoctions, infusions, extracts and treat various diseases: gastritis, constipation, hemorrhoids, osteochondrosis, stomatitis.
Burdock leaves are applied to sore joints. A decoction of burdock strengthens hair.
How to collect medicinal herbs?
Collectors of medicinal plants harvest medicinal herbs. Thanks to the observation of people, folk wisdom, herbs are used to treat diseases. But the herbs still need to be properly harvested. Children need to be told:
- In no case should you collect herbs near the roads, because. they absorb harmful exhaust gases and there will be no benefit from them, only harm.
- Medicinal plants should be collected only in clear and dry weather.
- Plants are not to be tasted.
- Each type of plant is collected separately.
- Wash hands with soap and water after picking plants.
- Do not tear plants unnecessarily.
Plants grow everywhere and sometimes we simply do not notice them, although they are of great importance to humans.
Children need to be taught to take care of nature, because without a blade of grass, a flower, we will feel bad.
And here's another good one a poem about the benefits of plants.
memorizer
It lists the main properties of plants
Mint treats neuralgia,
And beets - hypertension.
Strawberries drive salt
And sage - toothache.
Eat watermelon with niphrite,
And lingonberries - with arthritis,
To have more strength
Don't forget the elecampane
Cranberries cure cystitis,
Radish cough and bronchitis.
Headache - viburnum,
And a cold - tea with raspberries.
Treat the liver with mountain ash,
Heart - mint and viburnum
To avoid diabetes
Jerusalem artichoke eat all summer
Asthma cure with hysop
Bladder - dill.
Wounds, ulcers, hemorrhoids -
Wash with plantain
If you have swelling -
Field horsetail and flax seed.
Smear the corns with celandine.
And freckles - grated horseradish,
Don't forget St. John's wort
Let's take tea off and consume more often
Drink rosehip infusion
You will be cheerful, young.
Video for kids » The Tale of Medicinal Plants»
Conclusion.
- Medicinal plants help people recover from diseases.
- Medicines are made from medicinal plants.
- Medicinal plants must be protected and not torn unnecessarily.
It is interesting and informative to tell children about useful medicinal plants that are often found. Read poems, guess riddles about medicinal plants. Children will remember them and treat them with care, knowing about the benefits that plants bring.
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Best regards, Olga.
The spring sun warmed, and round gold coins scattered on the thawed patches.
“The spring of flowers is opened by the very early first-born - coltsfoot. This golden snowdrop grows on sunny clay ravines and blooms before all grasses - before the exhibition of hives, before the departure of the first bees, before the ice breaks. This is what the phenologist and writer Dmitry Zuev wrote about the mother-and-stepmother.
On the thawed patch is the first flower.
How defenseless and small he is!
A sharp wind shook him,
Bend the stalk to the ground,
Frozen in the predawn mist,
But the brave flower survived!
I'll kneel before him
Touch the petals with your hand -
How much wisdom and patience
In this drop of gold!
Remember what a coltsfoot flower looks like?
It has a low stem, covered with a soft, light fluff that protects the flower from the cold; brown, sharp leaves that look like scales are tightly pressed to the stem.
The real large leaves of this plant appear later, in the middle of summer, when there are no more flowers. The leaves are large and dark green.
Why is the flower called coltsfoot?
Yes, because the lower part of the leaf is covered with thick white hairs. If you stroke it with your hand, you will feel softness and warmth. It's like a loving mother caressed you. And the upper part of the leaf is smooth, cold. Like the touch of a stern stepmother.
The flowers of the coltsfoot are collected in a round inflorescence because each flower individually is too small and fragile to withstand bad weather - snow, rain, wind, and insects will soon notice a bright golden inflorescence. Recently woken up after a long harsh winter bees and bumblebees fly to the flowers of the coltsfoot for honey and, flying from flower to flower, pollinate them.
When the coltsfoot flower fades, it will turn into a white fluffy hat. Each seed is supplied by nature with a small airy fluff-parachute, which helps the seed to fly away from the mother plant. When the seed lands, the parachute falls off.
Flowers have coltsfoot interesting feature: they open in the morning, and close before bad weather and at night - they save a drop of sweet precious nectar.
Questions for consolidation
What does a coltsfoot look like?
Why are the small flowers of this plant collected in a round inflorescence?
When does coltsfoot bloom?
Why did the flower get such a name?
What insects pollinate coltsfoot flowers?
How do coltsfoot seeds spread?
Ecological fairy tale about primroses "The first heralds of spring"
Maley Galina Alekseevna, teacher of GBDOU Kindergarten No. 73 Krasnoselsky district of St. PetersburgDescription: The author's fairy tale introduces children to the flowers that bloom in the very first spring: lambs-keys, lungwort, coltsfoot.
Purpose: The fairy tale can be used by educators, parents to read to children of preschool age.
Target:
- Introduce children to some early flowering plants.
- Arouse interest in the world of plants.
- To give children an idea that all plants are important in nature.
- Development of cognitive activity of children.
Take care of primroses
Spring's first steps!
A little warmed by the early sun.
Those first flowers!
The bright spring sun warmed the earth. The Bumblebee woke up in his warm nest and flew off to get his breakfast - sweet pollen and nectar in the first spring flowers.
Flying low over the ground, he suddenly saw a young bee sitting sadly on a dry blade of grass.
He landed next to her and sympathetically asked why she was so sad on such a warm, glorious morning. The bee said that for the first time she flew out of the hive, that she was very hungry, but did not know where to fly and where to look for food. Bumblebee invited her to become friends and invited her to fly with him to a clearing near the forest. The bee was very happy with the new friend and agreed with pleasure. Cheerfully they rose into the air and flew, buzzing their wings. On the way, the Bumblebee told the Bee that spring opens with keys - such beautiful and useful flowers that bloom, like other snowdrops, the very first.
The flowers of the rams - the keys are yellow, bright. They are raised high on a stalk and gathered together like a bunch of small golden keys. It is with these very keys that spring opens the door to the sun and warmth. “Why are they also called rams? - the bee was curious. “Because their leaves are covered with a very soft fluff, like the fur of a young lamb,” Bumblebee replied. Arriving at the clearing, the Bumblebee introduced the Bee to this beautiful primrose. She began to cheerfully examine the golden keys and suddenly, her eyes were attracted by yellow little lights-flowers, similar to a small sun. There were many of them, because they all grew side by side, like a big friendly family.
What is this wonderful flower?
- Oh, this is really a wonderful unusual flower - coltsfoot. You know, she doesn't have leaves. The life of a mother-and-stepmother in the spring begins right with flowering, and the leaves will appear much later, when the flowers have already faded. Each sheet will be large, wide, like a palm. From above, these leaves are smooth and cold, and from below - soft and warm. If you put such a leaf with the bottom side to your cheek, it will seem to you that your mother's hands have touched your cheek. And if you put a piece of paper on the other, cold side, it will become unpleasant for you. That is why this plant has such a name - coltsfoot.
- What a curious unusual flower! Bee was surprised.
- You know, I have a favorite place not far in the grove, there is my cafe called "Tsvetofor" or "Chamelion" - Bumblebee said proudly. - Let's fly, I'll give you honey to drink. And the Bumblebee dragged the Bee along to the grove.
Flying up to the “cafe”, and seeing a colorful plant with bright flowers of different shades, the Bee understood the meaning of the name “Tsvetofor”. On the same low stalk bloomed bright flowers three shades at once. Some are pink, some are purple, and some are completely blue.
- Pink, - Bumblebee explains, - they come when they just bloom. Some time will pass, and from pink they will first turn purple, and then blue.
And what a fragrant honey smell spills from a flower heated by the sun!
- Sweet honey. There is honey in the name. And this flower is called - lungwort, - sang the Bumblebee. The name of the flower comes from the word "honey" because there is a lot of sweet nectar juice in its flowers, he added. And the leaves of the lungwort are covered with special hairs, which, like woolen clothes, protect it from the spring cold.
- Help yourself! But first, tell me, what shade of flower would you fly to first?
- To pink, - the Bee answered timidly.
- That's right, the pink flower has the most nectar, they are the most fragrant. In purple it is smaller, and in blue its minimum amount. Help yourself, - Bumblebee suggested once again.
The bee drank delicious sweet honey.
- Thank you very much for the treat and for introducing me to such beautiful primroses. I now know which flowers will share their nectar and delicious pollen with me. And now it's time for me to go home to the hive. I hope we'll be friends forever now?
“Of course,” Bumblebee replied. - Fly to me in the "cafe" every morning. I will be glad to see you.
- Thank you very much. Goodbye!
- Till tomorrow. - Bumblebee joyfully looked after his new friend.