The most incurable types of cancer. The most dangerous and common types of cancer. Treatment prognosis: what complications and consequences are possible

Today, a very topical issue is the treatment of cancer. Before considering it, it is important to know what types of cancer exist and which one is the most dangerous to health and life.

Cancer. General information

Cancer is a serious malignant disease that develops from healthy epithelial cells and can affect any organ or system of the human body. To date, the causes of the growth of pathological cells have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the more we are aware of the facts known to modern medicine, the easier it is to avoid this or find the right way out.

There is a theory that the appearance of cancer is associated with a mutation in body tissues. But this has not been proven, like other versions.

Causes of occurrence. Types of cancer

Having information about the causes of occurrence can save everyone who, for some reason, is at risk. Here are some common reasons that explain the nature of the appearance of foreign cells in a healthy body:

• air pollution;
• genetic abnormalities;
• nicotine use;
• inflammatory processes in the chronic stage;
• viruses and infections;
• alcoholism;
• carcinogens, which are now used in almost everything, and which cannot be avoided.

What types of cancer are there? There are several varieties:

• carcinoma is the frequent view cancer that affects the esophagus, prostate, mammary glands;
• leukemia - a cancer that is localized in the bone marrow, but metastasizes throughout the body;
• Sarcoma is a cancer that arises from the cells of the lymphatic system.

Blood cancer. dangerous kind

Blood cancer is also called hemoblastosis. This is a group of diseases of the circulatory system. Among them there are especially dangerous types of blood cancer, these are leukemia, hematosarcoma, lymphoma, angioma, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute monoblastic leukemia and others.

Leukemia is manifested by impaired differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. With this pathology, the body accumulates a large number of cancer cells that are not responsible for any function, but only slowly poison the body. Leukemia most often affects older people or children under 4 years of age.

Genital cancer. Uterine cancer

Tumors of the genital organs are malignant tumors that can affect the external and internal organs.

Uterine cancer is common among women. Types of uterine cancer affect women from 55 to 70 years old, but there are often exceptions when very young women are examined and they are given a terrible diagnosis - endometrial cancer. There is a hormonal type and autonomous.

• Hormonal - this is a more "young" cancer, it happens in women under 40 years old who suffered from problems with conception at a young age, diabetes, hyperglycemia and other problems.
• Autonomous is observed in older women - 60-70 years. In such patients, there is a reduced susceptibility to hormones and a lack of metabolic disorders endocrine system.

Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract

Tumors of the stomach and intestines are a very common disease. Known types of stomach cancer gastrointestinal tract:

• polypoid - makes up about 6% of all species, and its effect is that cancer corrodes the walls of the stomach. Pathological areas affected by cancer stand out well against the background of healthy tissues;
• carcinoma, cancer-ulcer or ulcerative - accounts for about 36%, clear edges are visible, but practically does not differ from a stomach ulcer;
• partial carcinoma - has no clear edges, protrudes above the level of healthy tissues and affects large areas of the stomach;
• infiltrative cancer - develops inside the walls of the stomach, it is difficult to make a diagnosis;
• adenocarcinoma - starts from the cells of the mucous membrane, or rather, the glandular epithelium.

As well as some types of bowel cancer:

Types of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract can metastasize, but with timely access to a specialist oncologist, effective treatment can be carried out.

Lungs' cancer. The most dangerous type of cancer

Lung cancer is a malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the bronchi. Experts, having found out what types of cancer are, and having studied their pathogenesis, determined that a lung tumor is the most life-threatening cancer.

• central - the main bronchi are affected;
• peripheral - the tumor grows from the alveoli and small bronchi;
• mediastinal - characterized by the rapid appearance of metastases in the lymph nodes;
• disseminated form - a large number of foci of growth of pathological cells are formed in the lung tissue;
• sarcoma;
• tracheal cancer;
• poorly differentiated. Lung cancer of this type is one of the most dangerous.

What are the causes of this terrible pathology? First of all, smoking affects the occurrence of lung tumors. It doesn't matter if it's active or passive smoking. The very fact of inhaling carcinogens is the main cause of cancer development. The next factor that can cause these types of cancer is contact with poisons such as nickel, cadmium, arsenic.

Heredity also plays a role in the occurrence of a tumor, along with factors such as radiation exposure, poor ecology, chronic lung diseases, and others.

Mammary cancer

What types of cancer do women have? Most often in women, the mammary glands are affected. This disease leads the list of the most dangerous and frequent pathologies. Mostly women from 40 to 60 years old suffer from breast tumors, but the disease is rapidly getting younger, and types of breast cancer that affect young girls are already being isolated.

Most of the neoplasms that a mammologist or the women themselves detect can be classified as benign. These are galactocele, fibrocystic mastopathy and fibroadenoma of the gland. Such types of disease, cancer diagnosed at the optimal time, are promptly detected by oncologists, and treatment is carried out, possibly even removal of the mammary glands in order to avoid a second process.

What are the reasons for the development of pathological cell growth in the mammary gland:

• abnormalities in the development of the mammary gland;
• alcoholism, smoking and other bad habits are an important risk factor, if we also take into account the genetic predisposition of a woman;
• poor ecology, polluted air and poor-quality drinking water;
• late delivery can also become a trigger at the beginning of the development of pathology;
• long-term use hormonal drugs other.

Breast cancer with timely access to an oncologist is treated with the possibility of recurrence.

Cancer Symptoms

The problem is that in the initial stages of development, cancer does not make itself felt, and only early diagnosis will help determine the presence and severity of the pathological process.

The symptoms of cancer are:

• rapid weight loss;
• long time fever body;
• a state of apathy and constant fatigue for no reason;
• the color, shape, size of birthmarks or moles may change;
• ulcers appear in the oral cavity;
• pain increases over time.

In addition to the main symptoms, there are also specific ones. Prolonged wound healing may indicate a change in cells in the body, the loss of their function - cancerous processes. Abnormal discharge or bleeding, as well as problems with urination, may indicate the presence of cancer cells in the body.

Diagnosis of types of cancer

To date, there are many unresolved issues posed by oncology. Cancer species mutate and become invulnerable. For quality treatment, it is necessary to correctly diagnose the disease.

For this purpose, ultrasound therapy, computed tomography, mammography (in order to identify types of breast cancer), endoscopic method for diagnosing tumors in the stomach, esophagus and intestines, magnetic resonance imaging, radioisotope diagnostics and others are used.

Read more about X-ray examination - the main method for diagnosing oncological diseases.

Radiography is used at the slightest suspicion of pathological processes in the cells. Using this method, you can examine the lungs, colon, stomach, bones. Recently, special methods have been used - bronchography, angiography, which significantly increase the likelihood of detecting cancerous processes.

Cancer treatment

For many years there has been an active discussion and research of drugs for the treatment of cancer. But, unfortunately, medicine has not yet found the only way to cure such patients. Therefore, after the detection of cancerous processes, complex treatment is carried out using radiation therapy, chemotherapeutic drugs and surgical methods.

• Radiation therapy of cancer patients: the principle of such treatment is the increased sensitivity of pathological cells to ionizing radiation. After such a procedure, a mutation occurs in diseased cells, and they die. Therapy is not indicated for children, as their cells are still in the developmental stage and are most exposed to radiation. Some types of lung cancer are successfully treated after the procedure.
• The chemotherapeutic effect on cancer cells is very aggressive, and the procedure is indicated only in advanced stages, if other types of cancer treatment are not already helping. The dose is selected depending on the weight of the patient, the type of tumor, its position and the condition of the patient. Different drugs are combined to maximize the effect on tumor cells.
• Surgical treatment is often resorted to, as this is the most effective and reliable method. Treatment consists in removing the source of pathology. But the surgical method will be ineffective if metastases have already appeared in the body.

Severe and most dangerous types of cancer, such as lung cancer, cannot always be cured. In this case, supportive therapy is used, but the chances that the patient will survive are very small.

Every year, malignant tumors claim the lives of more than 1 million people, and the inexorable WHO statistics claim that oncology is main reason 14% of all deaths. In other words, every 8 people in the world die of cancer!

What is the danger of the disease.

So far, no cure for cancer has been found. What is the snag? At the heart of a cancerous tumor are cells that develop differently than the rest. Their abnormal growth is considered malignant for the health of the body. The tumor forms very quickly, and behaves like an aggressor in relation to healthy tissues and organs. With the help of blood, lymph or nerve pathways, its cells are carried throughout the body to initiate a metastasis - a daughter tumor.

It is the process of metastasis that sometimes leads doctors to a dead end: the faster the tumor grows and metastasizes, the more difficult it is to save the patient.

What type of disease is the most difficult to treat.

Each type of tumor is considered less or more dangerous depending on the degree of its malignancy. Cancer is considered less aggressive and well treatable if abnormal cell division occurs slowly and metastases do not spread rapidly throughout the body. The rapid growth of the tumor and the rapid spread of metastases are dangerous for human life, because they are difficult to treat.

What is the most serious type of cancer and why?

Melanoma, or skin cancer.

The queen of tumors and, at the same time, a rather rare type of pathology. The disease is of an extremely aggressive nature and the patient has practically no chance of recovery - metastases appear very actively throughout the body. Surgical intervention can stop the development of the disease for some time, but only at its initial stage.

Melanoma is easy to diagnose, as it is located on the surface of the skin, but, no matter how paradoxical it may sound, it is often detected only after the formation of daughter tumors. The fact is that at first the neoplasm does not differ from an ordinary small mole, therefore it does not bother a person at all. Remember: if colored asymmetric spots with blurry edges begin to appear on the skin, undergo a medical examination.

Lung cancer.

This form of the disease is very dangerous, according to many doctors. It causes about 1.5 million deaths each year. Human. Science has long discovered a direct link between lung cancer and the most "popular" bad habit of our time, smoking. For a long time, the disease may not manifest itself. The only signs are that the patient coughs violently and suffers from bronchitis and pneumonia more often than before. In most cases, lung cancer is diagnosed too late, and treatment does not bring the expected results.

Brain cancer.

The disease is very dangerous due to the place of its localization. The brain is protected by a strong cranium, therefore, it is extremely difficult to act directly on the tumor focus, and any surgical intervention is fraught with a fatal outcome for the patient. Any neoplasm in the brain, even a non-aggressive one, is obviously malignant, because it compresses the structures of the brain and destroys them after a while.

Pancreas cancer.

It occurs frequently, but is difficult to treat. Surgery is associated with a high risk of death and does not always bring a positive effect. This type of disease is very insidious - for a long time it develops without any external symptoms.

Leukemia, or blood cancer.

Oncology destroys the bone marrow, which loses its ability to produce full-fledged blood cells. Leukemia is caused by just one mutated hematopoietic cell. This form of cancer is the most common among childhood cancers.

Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph nodes.

The disease destroys the human immune system, the main active elements of which are the lymph nodes. Cancer inflicts the strongest blow on the body, bringing it into a state of profound immunodeficiency.

Have you noticed - almost all types of cancer have common feature? They skillfully "disguise" themselves as a common ailment, so a person seeks help too late! The conclusion is obvious: one should treat one's health as the greatest value in the world, and promptly respond to all alarm signals of the body.

Some crayfish are loved to be consumed with beer, others are looked after in aquariums, but few people remember that these creatures managed to survive for 130 million years, practically without changing their structure. The only thing that distinguishes them from their ancient counterparts is their size. During the Jurassic period, some types of crayfish reached 3 m in length and could stand up for themselves.

Today, there are about 55,000 crustaceans of various lengths living in sea or fresh water in the ranks of crustaceans, and some of them prefer to be terrestrial.

History of the delicacy

Crayfish have been used by people since antiquity, but then they were not served as a delicacy. It is obvious that healers and healers ancient world knew about useful properties shells, as they made drugs from the bites of poisonous insects.

The first mention of river crayfish being a tasty dish was recorded in the 16th century, when one of the Swedish kings accidentally tasted them. Immediately a decree was issued for the peasants to catch and deliver them to the royal table, but did not dare to eat them themselves under pain of the death penalty.

Imitating the king, the Swedish nobles did the same, although the royal decree was perplexing for the poor people. They did not consider crayfish food and were content with them only in times of famine, which was extremely rare in this country.

In modern Sweden, there is even a national holiday, Day of Eating Crayfish, when people gather in large companies, boil these arthropods and drink strong liquor.

Today, some types of crayfish (the photo shows this) are considered a delicacy and are not just served with beer, but soups, salads are prepared from them, stewed with vegetables, sauces are made from them and even fried.

Their meat is considered one of the most environmentally friendly, despite the fact that they are sewers and "orderlies" of water sources. This is due to a balanced, self-purifying organism given to them by nature.

River arthropods

There are different types of crayfish, but this name is not entirely accurate, since they live in swamps, ponds, lakes, and artificial reservoirs. It is more correct to use the term "freshwater".

All representatives of crustaceans living in fresh water have the same structure:

• their body can reach a length of 10 to 20 cm;
• the upper part of the body is called the cephalothorax;
• they have an elongated and flatter abdomen;
• the body ends with a caudal fin;
• they have 10 thoracic legs and gills.

The most famous types of freshwater crayfish are:

• Broad-toed (Astacus astacus) lives in the reservoirs of Western Europe and the high mountain rivers of Switzerland, prefers places with temperatures from +7 to +24 degrees Celsius.
• Thin-toed (Astacus leptodactylus) can live both in fresh running or stagnant water, and in brackish water with a maximum temperature of up to +30.

These types of crayfish are not suitable for keeping in aquariums, as they are very demanding in care, especially in terms of water filtration and temperature conditions.

Florida cancer

Well-known to many aquarists, the red Florida crayfish can actually be black, white, orange, and even blue. It lives both in swamps and flowing rivers, and in water meadows, and as the water subsides, it “leaves” into deep holes underground.

These are the most undemanding types of crayfish to the composition and quality of water. Appearance they are well known to the inhabitants of not only swampy Florida, but also Europe. His hallmark are red spikes located on the claws.

This small arthropod (body length up to 12 cm) can easily tolerate water temperatures from +5 to + 30 degrees and breed year-round in an aquarium, laying up to 200 eggs. Incubation lasts for 30 days, and during this time the temperature in the aquarium should be maintained at +20...+25 degrees.

Red swamp crayfish get along well with fish, but remember that 1 pair will need an aquarium with 100 liters of water.

Blue crayfish from Cuba

Cuban blue crayfish may have other colors, as this directly depends on the natural conditions in their habitat and the color of their parents.

This tropical representative of arthropods lives in Cuba and Pinos. It has a small body up to 12 cm (excluding claws) and has a completely peaceful character, so it can be kept in aquariums with moving or large fish.

The fact that this crayfish is unpretentious and breeds well in captivity makes it a favorite of many aquarists. For 2 or 4 blue Cuban crayfish, you will need a 50 liter container with good ventilation and water filtration.

The female of this species can lay up to 200 eggs at a time. For this to happen, it is better to transplant the crayfish into another smaller aquarium before mating, so that there is no interference from the “neighbors”. Incubation lasts 3 weeks, during which the water temperature should be +25 degrees.

marine arthropod

The most popular among gourmets is lobster meat. These marine types of crayfish differ from their freshwater counterparts only in size and weight. They have a strong chitinous shell, which young individuals change as they grow older.

The molting of the lobster takes from 2 to 4 weeks, during which he is defenseless and forced to hide from his enemies in secluded places. The process of getting rid of tight coverage is interesting. The shell bursts on the lobster's back like a piece of clothing that is torn at the seams. To free itself, the cancer has to come out of it with its back, taking out one leg after the other.

The female lobster lays up to 4,000 eggs on her tail, after which the male fertilizes them. The incubation period lasts 9 months, during which the eggs remain on the mother's body. Individuals that have survived 25 molts are considered ready for mating and eating.

Gourmets are well aware of the European, Norwegian and American types of lobsters. The cost of their tender, healthy, dietary meat starts from $ 50 per kilogram, and 100 years ago it was used as bait for fishing.

Land representative of arthropods

If you think about the question of what types of crayfish are, then few people will remember that there are unique individuals that can climb trees.

These are coconut crayfish (Birgus latro), living on the islands of the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans. During the day, these amazing creatures hide in the foliage of palm trees, and at night they descend to pick up fallen fruits or carrion from the ground. The islanders call these hermit crabs thieves, as they often pick up everything that they think is bad.

Although the coconut crayfish spends most of its life on the ground, it begins its life in water bodies, where females lay eggs, from which small and defenseless crustaceans emerge. To survive, they are forced to look for a protective covering for their bodies, which most often becomes some kind of shell.

After the young grow up, crayfish go outside and can no longer return to the aquatic environment, as their gills atrophy, and ventilated lungs become respiratory organs.

Those wishing to see these unusual creatures will have to go to the tropical jungle at night. Their meat is considered a delicacy and aphrodisiac, but "hunting" for them is extremely limited.

Rare crustaceans

The rarest types of crayfish that can live in aquariums are called apricot. They live in Indonesia and can be either a delicate orange or blue, which is extremely rare.

They are small in size, males rarely grow to 10 cm, and the female is 8 cm long. To keep them in aquariums, you should not only make sure that temperature regime kept within +25 degrees, but the bottom was correctly framed.

These crayfish love fine gravel sprinkled with bamboo, almond or oak leaves, which also serves as a good antiseptic. Numerous shelters in the form of snags, metal pipes and artificial houses will not interfere. For the most part, Orange Papua New Guinea lobster is a non-aggressive vegetarian, but it is still not recommended to “attach” small fish to it.

largest freshwater arthropods

The largest species of crayfish living in fresh water comes from Tasmania. In the rivers in the north of this Australian state, there are individuals reaching 60-80 cm in length with a weight of 3 to 6 kg.

Their favorite habitat is rivers with a calm flow, good air ventilation and a water temperature of +18 degrees. Depending on which river these giants live in, in the plains or mountains, they can have a color from green to Brown to blue.

Since Astacopsis gouldi live up to 40 years and are considered long-lived among their relatives, all their life processes are somewhat delayed. For example, males are ready for breeding only at 9 years old, and females - by 14 years old, while they mate once every 2 years, and incubation period lasts from autumn to summer of the following year. In this regard, it is customary for Tasmanian giants to keep a harem of females of different ages.

Heraxes

Another representative of the Australian rivers is the herax crayfish. Surprisingly, these arthropods, numbering many species, include individuals with completely different dimensions. So, some of them can be 40 cm long and weigh up to 3 kg, while others grow up to 10 cm and are placed in aquariums up to 20 liters. Another home for these freshwaters are the rivers of New Guinea.

It is easy to create conditions for keeping heraxes in an aquarium. They love warm water and the opportunity to dig in the ground, so if there are such “tenants”, it is better to plant plants in pots. They don't eat them, but they can dig them up. Herax crayfish are indifferent to the neighborhood of fish, but if you breed larger individuals with large claws, it is better to keep them in a separate container.

Unusual types of crayfish

Although in general arthropods are very similar in appearance, their ability to adapt and survive is strikingly different. For example, river marble crayfish reproduce asexually, and a similar phenomenon in nature is called parthenogenesis.

Females of this type of crayfish are able to clone themselves without involving males in the process. A similar phenomenon could previously be observed only in higher crustaceans, but never in small river specimens, reaching a maximum length of 8 cm.

To freshwater aquarium species crayfish have taken root, it is required to constantly maintain cleanliness in water well enriched with oxygen.

When choosing a container for such "residents", one should proceed from the parameters that 15 liters of water will be required for 1 individual of 6-7 cm. To make pets feel at home, you should properly arrange the bottom. You will need driftwood, gravel or sand, ceramic or metal cylinders, where crayfish can hide during the day.

Planting plants in a container depends on the type of cancer, as well as whether fish will be together with it. Otherwise, the maintenance of these individuals does not cause trouble, the main thing is not to forget to close the aquarium with a lid, otherwise you can find your pet on the bed.

Cancer is varied. Some types of cancer are heard every day, but there are others that have never been heard. Now we will talk about rare types of cancer.

1. Cancer of the gallbladder. The ailments caused by the tumor are often attributed to the causes of other diseases. This type of cancer is difficult to diagnose, so it is almost impossible to cure it, treatment comes too late.

2. Cancer of the vulva. Tumor of the vulva rare disease, even in a very rare case, women over 60 years of age are affected by this disease. The main symptoms are pain and itching, as well as interfering sensations in the vagina. by the most in an efficient way getting rid of this tumor is surgery. 3. Cancer of the trachea. Cancer itself is further subdivided into several subspecies:

. Squamous cell is one of the most common tumors of the trachea. More common in men. It grows rapidly and causes bleeding in the trachea. The main contraindication is smoking.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma - practically does not irritate the tracheal membrane. Despite the fact that it proceeds calmly, gradually it can block the airways. This tumor appears between the ages of 40 and 60 in both men and women.

Carcinoid tumors - originate in hormone cells. Most often they are found in the F, but sometimes they appear in the bronchi.

4. Cancer of the middle ear. There are few types of middle ear cancer, but they are:

. cholesteatoma (pearl tumor);

Glomus (glomangioma);

Cholesterol granuloma;

Basal carcinoma;

Squamous.

Tumors can appear both outside and inside the ear. Treatment depends on many factors, the type of cells affected, general health before the disease, and many other factors.

5. Tumors of the nose. Any cells from the paranasal sinuses can become malignant. The main cause of nasal cancer is the inhalation of harmful substances. The nasal cavity is also prone to several subtypes of tumors:

. Melanoma - arises from skin-staining cells.

Sarcoma is a lesion of connective or muscle tissues.

Granuloma - damage to facial tissues.

6. Cancer of the renal pelvis. There is no real and truthful reason for the appearance of this type of cancer. Scientists claim that the cause of this cancer is smoking, and exposure to other chemical substances. It is also added that an anesthetic based on phenacetin leads to tumors of this type. It is also dangerous to drink water containing arsenic. Basically, this water is used in African countries, India.

7. Cancer of the palate. The tumor of the palate is a squamous cell carcinoma. Non-squamous cell carcinomas are found in the middle of the palate itself, as are salivary gland tumors, sarcomas, and melanomas. 80% of squamous cell carcinomas appear in the soft palate. Also, palate cancer can cause incorrect dentures, lack of oral hygiene, and injuries. At the moment, there are only a few types of prevention:

. The most important step in prevention is the rejection of all bad habits: alcohol, cigarettes, fatty and unhealthy foods. You also need to strengthen the immune system, create a diet.

The next type of prevention is suitable for those who have discovered it in themselves. It is necessary to pass tests for cervical cancer, undergo a mammogram, for smokers, tests for prostate cancer.

The last type of prevention should prevent the emergence of new tumors and metastases.

The most important thing is to lead a correct and healthy lifestyle, and all troubles will be bypassed.

A unique study by Professor Lisa Makovsky and his team at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine found that obese women have a higher risk of developing one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer. An article describing the study performed, talks about the biological mechanisms of the process by which obesity creates the most favorable environment for the development of basal breast cancer.

Professor Makovsky notes: “Obesity is a widespread phenomenon and one of the risk factors for the appearance of breast tumors. Fortunately, each person is able to control their own body weight. When conducting this experiment, scientists tried to clarify the molecular mechanisms of the development of breast cancer. In addition, an important task of researchers was to identify biomarkers that bind overweight and breast tumors.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that includes several subtypes and varieties. Basal carcinoma is a cancer of the ducts of the breast. This is one of the most aggressive types of breast tumors, which is detected in 15-20% of patients with breast cancer. Most often, this type of neoplasm is detected in young women. Representatives of African-American nationality have a somewhat greater susceptibility to this pathology. Basal cancer determines a negative prognosis for life and recovery in such patients. Typically, these tumors do not respond well to ongoing hormonal and radiation treatment.

The uniqueness of this study lies in the fact that this time the researchers focused on the role of the stroma of the breast in the development of cancer. The researchers came to the conclusion that it is this weave that is the soil for the emergence of malignant tumors. The focus on the role of obesity in the occurrence of this pathology underlines the efforts of public health in the prevention of this disease.

Some interesting facts about breast cancer:

• breast cancer leads among other oncological diseases in women;
• breast cancer occurs in a wide variety of age groups;
• according to statistics, every eighth woman has a risk of breast tumors;
• about 1,250,000 new cases of this cancer are diagnosed every year in the world;
• over the past 20 years, the incidence of breast cancer has increased and continues to increase progressively;
• the likelihood of developing tumors increases after reaching the age of 40 and increases with each subsequent year;
• for every 100 cases of breast tumors in women, there is 1 sick man;
• cases of breast cancer due to genetic predisposition account for no more than 5% of cases;
• the exact causes of breast cancer are still not known, but among the risk factors are obesity, stress, poor diet, alcoholism, late delivery or lack of pregnancies;
• the most effective method of preventing the disease are regular preventive examinations;
• in the detection of cancer early stages the probability of recovery reaches 94%;
• early detection of neoplasms makes it possible to carry out surgical treatment of tumors while maintaining the original appearance of the breast.

It is also important to be aware of the unfoundedness of some myths about breast cancer, for example:

• contraceptives increase the risk of developing breast cancer;
• regular wearing of a bra contributes to the occurrence of cancer;
• antiperspirants and coffee lead to the development of breast cancer;
• women with small breasts have a low risk of developing cancer.

hospital-israel.ru

And again breast cancer: analysis of stage 1

Stage 1 breast cancer - the formation of cancer cells in the epithelial layer. Found early enough, which is extremely rare. The tumor in the first stage develops for about 1 year. Stage one cancer has another name - invasive breast cancer. Given cancer over the past few years, they have been encountered quite often, and it ranks first in oncology in women.

Naturally, females are more often affected than males. According to statistics, it occupies not the last place - 30% of all oncological diseases are accounted for by breast cancer. In the first stage, the symptoms are not pronounced, so it is difficult to recognize the enemy. In this article, you will learn about the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

The first signs of breast cancer

• Breast swelling.
• Redness of some part of the gland
• Retraction of the nipple and areola.
• Consolidation in the chest.
• Discharge from the nipples of a bloody or purulent nature.
• Pain with pressure or pain throughout the localization of the gland.
• Increased subfebrile temperature.

NOTE! If a complex of symptoms is detected, it is necessary to contact one of the doctors: a mammologist, an oncologist and a general practitioner.

Causes

• Heredity
• Radiation
• Abortion
• late menopause
• Obesity
• Hormonal disbalance
• Already past cancer
• Hyperplasia of the epithelium
• Wrong course of contraceptives and hormonal medications.
• Age over 45
• Early menstruation up to 12 years
• Pathology of the thyroid gland
• Breast injury
• Long non-healing wounds on the chest
• Alcohol and drug addiction
• late pregnancy

The etiology of oncology has not been studied, there are many hypotheses of scientists around the world. Most often, the occurrence of a tumor is influenced not by one factor, but by several at once.

Forms of cancer

1. Paget's disease. The entire breast is covered with scarlet spots, the contour of the nipple does not have clear boundaries, peeling appears on the skin of the breast. There are ulcers and eczema. Metastases quickly spread throughout the body. Lymph nodes are enlarged to the touch, firm, not mobile. Survival in this form is about two years.
2. Erysipelatous form. The breast becomes hyperemic, the area of ​​the nipple loses its former appearance, and the nipple is deformed. The prognosis is unfavorable. Even the most highly qualified specialists will not be able to tell you about the exact life expectancy, since the disease is very aggressive.
3. Shell form. It is this form that has been revealed for a long time. The cancer is growing aggressively, in a few months it can move to the next stage. The chest is completely deformed, dimples appear on it. Already at the second stage, cancer cells are found in the lymph nodes.
4. Mast-like form. One of the most common forms, aggressive growth of the neoplasm is characteristic. Edema appears and the breasts increase in size.

Substage 1st degree

1A - formation no more than 2 cm. Malignant cells do not extend beyond the breast, which means there are no metastases.

1B - divided into 2 types:

• The size of the tumor is about 2-2.5 cm, but there is already some accumulation in the lymph nodes.
• There is no formation in the mammary gland itself, but malignant cells are found in the lymph nodes, with a size of approximately 2 mm.

NOTE! Immediately dispel the myth that the risk of morbidity depends on the size of the breast. In fact, nothing depends on this.

Diagnostics

• Mammography is the main diagnostic method, but it does not give an accurate diagnosis, but only information about the location of the neoplasm.

• Ultrasound is one of the first diagnostics, they look at the condition of the breast as a whole, how far the tumor has penetrated and whether the lymph nodes are affected.
• Biochemical and clinical blood tests - may show a slight deviation in the balance in the red fluid, which may also indicate oncology.
• Radiography - exclude metastases in the lungs.
• Biopsy - selection of cells or a piece of education. At the first stage, a fine-needle biopsy is used for immunohistochemical studies. This method is carried out using a special needle, it penetrates into the neoplasm or lymph nodes and collects cells. A biopsy is the most accurate diagnosis of cancer.
• MRI - magnetic resonance imaging allows you to examine the tumor formation in three dimensions - size, shape, degree of invasion.

NOTE! At the first stage, cancer does not metastasize, so it does not require additional research.

Treatment

After standing, examining breast tissue and other types of diagnostics, oncologists select a treatment for the patient. The therapy will be gentle, as this is the very first stage. The malignant tumor is very small and has not spread throughout the breast.

The main methods of treatment:

• Surgical removal.
• Chemotherapy.
• Radiation therapy.
• Sometimes chemotherapy and hormone therapy are used in combination.

Surgical intervention

In the first stage, the entire breast is not removed, as in stages 3 or 4. There are three types of organ-preserving operations:

1. Lumpectomy - removal of the tumor to the connective tissue sheath, which literally covers the nerves and blood vessels.
2. Tylectomy - the neoplasm is excised along with the skin, without touching the fascia.
3. Quadrantectomy - the tumor is removed along with the skin, touching the facies (connective tissue membrane).
4. Mastectomy is another type of surgical intervention, in this case, not only the tumor is removed, but also the breast itself along with the lymph nodes, but this is more often done in the later stages of the disease.

NOTE! When a tumor is removed, not only the neoplasm is always removed, but also 1-3 cm of its surrounding tissue. After resection, a piece of the neoplasm or lymph node is sent for cytological or histological examination.

Radiation therapy

After resection of the carcinoma, it is necessary to carry out chemotherapy, despite the fact that this is only the first stage. Even at the beginning, malignant cells are formed that can destroy the entire body. There is a possibility that during the operation a couple of cells were missed somewhere, radiation therapy will ruthlessly prevent their development.

Chemotherapy

Like radiation therapy, chemotherapy can destroy the remaining malignant tumor cells. Sometimes chemotherapy is used instead of radiation therapy, this is prescribed individually by the attending physician and is used only when there is a possibility of recurrence of the neoplasm.

hormone therapy

It is prescribed when the level of the hormone receptor for progesterone and estrogen is increased in the woman's blood. Anti-inflammatory hormonal drugs prevent tumor growth. Women who have not reached the peak of menopause are prescribed ovarian ablation to temporarily stop the production of hormones.

Forecast

The prognosis of stage 1 breast cancer is very favorable - the survival rate is 97%. After treatment, the patient's body is easily restored. If the examination reveals genes that mutate, then Herceptin (monocloal antibodies) is administered during treatment, this drug is able to block the growth of pathogenic cells.

Herceptin can provoke shortness of breath and swelling of the heart, this is a complication, but it is easy to get rid of this, there are no serious consequences from this drug. In no case should you refuse this medicine, since it is he who is able to reduce the size of the tumor and completely get rid of it.

After the rehabilitation period

During this period, you should strictly follow the doctor's prescriptions, as well as adhere to proper nutrition. Cannot be eaten:

• Sweet, floury
• Fatty food
• Potato
• Alcohol
• fried food
• canned food
• sausages
• Food with dyes, carcinogens, flavor enhancers.
• Carbonated sweet drinks

If a woman follows all the rules, then the tumor will disappear completely in a few years and will be able to live fully. Subsequently, doctors advise to adhere to an anti-cancer diet so that the enemy will never return.

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Breast cancer (mammary gland) 3 degrees: forms and stages of the disease (invasive, infiltrative and others), treatment, life expectancy

The most common cancer in women is breast cancer. When the disease is detected in the early stages, the survival rate and life expectancy of patients increase significantly. But statistics show that most often breast cancer can be detected already when it has entered aggressive grades 3 and 4. That is why it is recommended to undergo regular preventive examinations and examinations with the help of a mammograph.

What is stage 3 breast cancer, life expectancy

Breast cancer is synonymous with carcinoma. breast cancer grade 3 incurable disease, at which it is possible to extend the life of the patient by a maximum of 10 years. Life expectancy depends on the form and stage of oncological processes.

The third degree is expanded, has a progressive character. With it, atypical cells infiltrate neighboring tissues that go beyond the affected organ. Distribution to the greatest extent goes to the lymph nodes of the armpits and chest.

According to statistics, the incidence rate has significantly "aged" - the disease is most often found in women 60-70 years old. The five-year survival rate (that is, the chance that breast cancer will not return in the next 5 years) is under the condition of a normal drug treatment approximately 55-80% of the total number of patients. This indicator depends on a number of factors:

• stage of the disease at the time of contacting the clinic;
• neoplasm structures according to histology (some of them are more aggressive, and with some you can live for many years without even knowing about the disease);
• the level of hormone receptors in tumor cells (which affects sensitivity to certain types of treatment);
• the presence of concomitant diseases;
• general condition, etc.

At stage 3 breast cancer, atypical cells infiltrate neighboring tissues that go beyond the affected organ.

In different situations, different degrees of severity are fixed. this disease. The third degree is divided into several types:

1. 3A. The tumor is no more than 5 cm, secondary foci - no more than 6 cm. 1–3 lymph nodes are affected by cancer.
2. 3B. The tumor spread to the lymph nodes with pectoral muscles. The size of the neoplasm is no more than 8 cm. This stage leads to the development of aggressive cancer, ending fairly quickly in death.
3. 3C. The neoplasm occupies more than 8 cm. 10 lymph nodes are affected. The lesions are located on the collarbone and neck. A cure has low chances even with modern methods and drugs.

All these degrees differ in the level of malignancy. The disease is classified into a number of forms that differ in their manifestations, signs and prevalence.

Video: three signs of breast cancer

Classification of breast carcinoma grade 3: invasive and non-invasive forms

Invasive (infiltrative) is characterized in that the tumor cells, due to mutation, grow beyond the organ in which they grew. This type of tumor progresses quite quickly, penetrates into fatty tissues, ligaments and spreads with the flow of lymph and blood.

Non-invasive breast cancer grows only in the tissues of the organ, without going beyond it. It progresses slowly, gives metastases much later than its aggressive counterpart.

Based on this, a number of forms of invasive breast cancer are classified:

• invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common form of cancer. In addition to seals in the tissues, there are pains in the lesion, a change in the shape, contour, size of the breast, there is discharge from the nipple;
• invasive lobular carcinoma (infiltrating lobular carcinoma): lumps in the breast that are located in the lobular regions (from the nipple to the armpit). It develops like an invasive ductal type;
• medullary cancer: women under 50 are most susceptible to it. The tumor grows rapidly, but behaves like a benign neoplasm. Metastasizes rarely. It is usually recognized already in those cases when it reaches a size of 2–3 cm;
• adenoid-cystic cancer: an extremely rare type of disease. Mostly in women aged 50-63. The node has a diameter of 1 to 3 cm. It is considered one of the least aggressive forms of cancer. Has favorable forecasts;
• secretory carcinoma (juvenile cancer): occurs in young people and children, both males and females. Children and adolescents have the most favorable prognosis;
• Cystic hypersecretory carcinoma: a rare disease, occurs in patients 34–79 years of age. Neoplasm can reach 10 cm. It has multiple cysts;
• apocrine cancer: a rare disease of the ducts of the breast. It is diagnosed most often in patients aged 50–70 years. Often this type is confused with benign tumors;
• cancer with signs of an endocrine neoplasm (primary carcinoid tumor, apudoma): a rare disease in the form of a single node 1–5 cm. Sometimes it can have a multinodular structure. Often confused with other types of cancer;
• triple negative breast cancer is one of the most aggressive types of cancer. Approximately ¼ of patients have this form. It does not respond to the three main types of hormones, and therefore is difficult to treat. Hormone therapy in this form is not used due to its inefficiency;
• cribriform cancer: a milder form of breast cancer that can be treated well if detected early. Neoplasms have an islet character, angular, clearly defined. This form is quite often combined with tubular cancer;
• There is also a special type of disease - Paget's disease. It affects the area around the nipple and the nipple itself. Quite often it is combined directly with one of the forms of breast cancer. This is a very rare type of cancer that develops during or after menopause. According to the symptoms, it resembles psoriasis - the skin exfoliates and becomes covered with scales in the affected areas, itches and burns. This form is usually treated with surgery;
• metaplastic cancer does not respond to various types of hormones. Therefore, in its treatment, hormonal therapy is not used due to the ineffectiveness of the technique. The tumor is aggressive, rapidly growing and metastasizing;
• squamous cell carcinoma often develops from metaplastic. Not amenable to treatment with estrogen and progesterone. The skin over the tumor can be motionless, swelling, redness and soreness of the skin at the site of the lesion, pain and discharge from the nipple appear. The secret is checked in the laboratory for the presence of cancer cells;
• cancer with osteoclast-like cells: rare. The age of patients is approximately 50–55 years. The formation is located in the upper outer quadrant of the chest in the form of red-brown spots on the skin with a clear border and increased density. A knot of 3 cm is felt in the tissues, and redness on the skin;
• colloid cancer (mucous, cricoid-cell): the tumor consists mostly of mucus, it is mobile and not associated with the skin. It is rare, responds well to hormone therapy;
• papillary cancer: develops infrequently, mainly in women over 60 years of age. The formation is localized near the nipple, causing discharge from it. Metastases of the lymphatic system are rare, but cysts can form in the chest. This form is also called papillary cancer;
• tubular carcinoma: This cancer can occur in women between 20 and 80 years old, but it most often develops in their 40s and 50s. With it, the structure of the lobules in the glands is disturbed, new growths resembling tubules form from the epithelial tissue.

Non-invasive cancer is divided in turn into several other forms:

• intraductal cancer (ductal carcinoma): about a third of patients with this form can develop infiltrative cancer within 5 years after treatment. The tumor is non-invasive, develops in the lactiferous duct, mainly from papilloma;
• lobular carcinoma is clearly visible along the line of the lobes. Can be in both breasts at the same time. Does not apply to surrounding tissues.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the inflammatory type of cancer, which doctors often find in younger patients. The symptoms are similar to mastitis. Cancer cells block the ducts of the lymphatic system in the chest, which provokes the development of inflammation in the tissues. The symptoms are reminiscent of infection.

A tumor can also be of a mixed type, when several forms of cancer are combined and create their own type of neoplasm. Treatment in such cases is planned taking into account the characteristics of the course of the disease.

Causes and development factors

There are a number of reasons why any form of breast cancer can develop:

• smoking since adolescence;
• not proper nutrition fried, fatty foods containing preservatives;
• injury to the mammary glands;
• hormonal changes (abortion, pregnancy, menopause, and so on);
• infertility;
• absence breastfeeding;
• late birth;
• lack of sexual life after 25 years;
• irregular sexual contacts;
• ecology;
• transferred inflammatory diseases: mastitis, mastopathy and so on;
• radiation exposure;
• disruption in the functioning of the endocrine system;
• obesity;
• genetic predisposition.

The hormonal background and its instability are the most common cause development of breast cancer. But the genetic factor or heredity plays a rather small role and rarely affects the occurrence of neoplasms of this particular type. Also, the factors for the development of tumors include problems of the reproductive system - starting with frequent diseases (including viral, bacterial, fungal), ending with long-term preservation of virginity.

If a woman previously had cancer of one breast, then after a while the disease can develop in the second. However, it is not insured reproductive system. So, previously transferred oncological diseases of these organs are also development factors.

Symptoms and signs of stage III breast cancer

Symptoms vary and depend on the form of the disease. The first signs of the disease are pain and the appearance of nodules. When metastasizing, nearby tissues, such as skin, can also be affected. The patient may experience:

• pain in the affected area;
• redness of the skin;
• discharge from the nipple, sometimes mixed with blood or mucus;
• change in the shape, size, shape of the breast;
• the presence of nodules or bumps in the chest;
• changes in the skin: peeling, growth, wrinkling, retraction (may resemble orange peel);
• retraction of the nipple (umbilization);
• swelling of the affected tissues of the organ;
• ulcers and erosions at the site of the lesion (for example, with Paget's cancer, they are localized in the nipple area);
• swelling, seals in the armpits, as well as around the nipple;
• weight loss;
• anemia;
• loss of appetite;
• fatigue, weakness, general malaise;
• inflammation in the body.

As a rule, a woman can suspect an oncological disease when atypical manifestations affect the skin - it wrinkles, retracts, and so on. This is usually a sign that the tumor has grown to a certain size, affecting the integument. Also, many people go to the doctor after palpation (by touch) they find bumps or nodules in the chest, especially if they regularly give pain.

The most certain symptoms of breast cancer: seals in the mammary glands, changes in the shape, size of the breast, the surface of the skin and an increase in the lymph nodes in the armpits

Classical and differential diagnostics

Diagnosis is especially important in determining not only cancer as a disease, but also its form. Some types of the disease are confused with less dangerous ailments: mastitis, mastopathy, benign neoplasms. Therefore, to determine the presence of grade 3 breast cancer, a number of diagnostic measures should be taken:

• osmor at the mammologist, who palpation determines whether there are seals in the mammary glands;
• Breast ultrasound. Gives you the opportunity to see a three-dimensional picture of the tumor;
• mammography. This is an x-ray of the mammary glands, which allows you to determine the shape, size of the tumor, exclude mastopathy;
• taking biopsy tests. If a seal is found, then a biopsy is taken, which is sent to the laboratory to determine the type and malignancy of the disease. a benign form of the disease is excluded in this way;
• urine and blood tests. Mandatory diagnostic study. Reflects the presence of a tumor and inflammatory processes in the body;
• computed tomography. It makes it possible to study the structure of the mammary gland and neoplasms;
• magnetic resonance imaging. Clarifies the data obtained in other studies.

This is a professional approach to diagnosing breast cancer. As preventive measure once a year or two, women from 35 to 80 years old should undergo an examination by a specialist, as well as a mammogram.

Self-diagnosis is also good method control of the situation, allowing to warn in the early stages of cancer

Breast cancer can also be found in children and men. Therefore, it is necessary at the first signs to consult a doctor for examination and diagnosis.

Breast Cancer Treatment

It has been proven that the treatment of breast cancer, started in the early stages, has a greater likelihood of a complete cure. At the same time, the survival rate increases, and the chance of getting oncology again decreases several times. Stage 3 breast cancer is most often metastatic. The effectiveness of treatment will largely depend on the form of the disease and the degree of malignancy, aggressiveness of growths.

Chemotherapy and hormone therapy

When breast cancer of the 3rd degree is detected, chemotherapy and hormone therapy is used in some cases. In fact, this is only the first stage of the treatment of carcinoma of this stage. Separately from other methods, they will not give a full result.

Studies have shown that even a small tumor size is not a guarantee that the cells will not spread beyond the affected organ. The above types of therapy are selected on an individual basis, based on the patient's condition, the prevalence of a cancerous tumor and metastasis, menstrual cycle and the patient's ability to cope side effect that drugs have on the body. These techniques allow at the third stage to reduce the size of the neoplasm, to reduce the effect of metastases on the lesions.

Chemotherapy kills and slows down the growth of cancer cells. The duration of the course depends not only on the stage, but also on the characteristics of the form of cancer. The preparations of this technique are either administered intravenously or orally in tablet form. Chemotherapy is carried out cyclically, that is, several courses. Helps with the vast majority of types of cancer. In the third stage, it can be carried out along with hormone therapy before surgery to reduce the size of the neoplasm. In some cases, women who are being prepared for mastectomy are given drugs in this category, which can shrink even large tumors. As a result, the surgical procedure may be replaced by a lumpectomy.

Chemotherapy can destroy and slow down the growth of cancer cells

hormone therapy allows you to slow down or stop the growth of the tumor, preventing the production of hormones by the cells of the neoplasm for growth. In fact, such drugs block the nutritional abilities of the disease, which allows not only to stop growth, but also to prevent development in the other breast. Hormone therapy is usually offered as a pill, but can also be given as an injection. This method of inhibition of cancer cells takes a long period of time - up to several years. But in the case of stage 3 breast cancer, hormonal (in fact, restraining) treatment is enhanced by chemotherapy in order to achieve a double effect: on the one hand, to restrain growth, and on the other, to destroy existing neoplasms.

Surgical treatment (mastectomy). Recovery after surgery

Surgery It is carried out only in the case when it was possible to control the growth of the tumor with the help of chemotherapy and hormonal drugs. In such cases, a mastectomy is performed. This is an operation in which the breast affected by the neoplasm, as well as the lymph nodes, is eliminated. The mammary gland is completely removed. With a lumpectomy, the surgeon can remove the part of the organ that was affected by the neoplasm.

Mastectomy is classified as a radical type of surgical intervention. If the tumor has grown strongly, then along with the mammary gland and lymph node, part of the pectoral muscles can also be removed. In fact, the operation is divided into five types:

1. Radical mastectomy (according to Halsted) involves the removal of subscapular and axillary tissue, pectoral muscles.
2. According to Urban: the technique imitates the radical method, but parasternal lymph nodes are also removed (if there are metastases).
3. According to Patty-Dyson: the mammary gland, subscapular, axillary tissue, pectoralis minor are removed.
4. According to Madden: removal of subscapular, intermuscular, axillary tissue, lymph nodes and mammary gland at the same time.
5. Amputation of the breast only.

The operation is carried out in several stages, during which the affected tissues are removed:

1. Direct removal of the mammary gland.
2. Removal of tissue from the lymph nodes (lymphadenectomy).
3. Installing a drain for the outflow of blood and fluid residues from the operated tissues.
4. Suturing the wound.

Restoring the shape of the breast with plastic surgery is possible, but only after radiation therapy and a recovery period have been completed. To do this, you will need to consult with the appropriate doctors.

Mastectomy is an effective part of combination therapy that can save the patient's life.

Many women after a mastectomy are faced with the fact that they do not feel full, lose interest in social contacts, sexual life. This condition is often caused by changes in the hormonal background, which affects mental stability. In this case, antidepressants are often prescribed if the condition is assessed by the doctor as severe. Also, prosthetics will help in solving the aesthetic problem of the absence of a breast.

A mastectomy is not done if the patient has 3B and 3C breast cancer combined with inflammatory processes in the body or the tumor itself causes inflammation.

After the operation, it is especially important to monitor the patient's health, as there is a risk of developing a number of complications - from swelling of the lymph nodes to impaired mobility and curvature of posture. It is necessary to undergo a full course of recovery, physiotherapy, in order to begin to fully live and function in society again.

Mastectomy and lumpectomy. Comparison of two operations - video

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy is sometimes given instead of chemotherapy, and may be complex treatment combine different techniques. This approach will ensure the death of cancer cells in the body, as well as reduce the possibility of recurrence of oncology. The entire course lasts 5-7 weeks. One procedure is supposed per day for irradiation with metastases. If there is a partial effect on the mammary gland, then two procedures are possible. Radiation inhibits the growth of tumor cells, preventing them from spreading to normal tissues.

Interruption of the course of treatment is possible for several days if the human body reacts too violently to radiation therapy, giving skin symptoms. Under the influence of radiation, normal cells are also destroyed, but at the end of the course, the body is gradually restored. Irradiation is carried out most often in those places where a tumor has formed, and lymph nodes are also susceptible to radiation, which can spread cancer cells throughout the body.

Radiation therapy for breast cancer - video

Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy is a newer treatment for cancer. It is based on the impact not so much on the neoplasm itself, but on the genetic material of cancer cells. Thus, the tumor stops growing. The following categories of drugs are used:

• monoclonal antibodies:
• aromatase enzyme inhibitors:
  • Letrozole;
  • Anastozol;
  • Exemestane;
• antihormonal drugs:
  • tamoxifen;
  • toremifene;
  • fulvestran;
  • foreston;
  • phaslodex.

Targeted treatment is considered more gentle. As a separate therapy, this approach is not recommended, but as an effective element of combined treatment, it is suitable. Drugs that are used in the process of influencing the neoplasm have low toxicity. Therefore, they can be used even in cases where there are contraindications to other methods of treatment, for example, in old age or in a serious condition of the patient. Moreover, targeted drugs can also be used as cancer prevention.

Breast cancer treatment methods - video

Concomitant Diet

For stage 3 breast cancer, it is recommended to conduct fractional nutrition, in which a meal is taken every 3 hours and up to 6 times a day. This principle will allow you to unload the body, prevent overeating and gradually remove one of the risk factors - obesity. Portions are divided so that they are small, but do not leave hungry. The products that you use should not be harmful, contain preservatives, fragrances, flavorings. Best Option- go to healthy foods. Among those allowed are:

• oily fish: mackerel, herring, sole, cod and so on.
• cabbage (all types);
• yellow and green vegetables;
• berries, fruits with a lot of vitamin C;
• fish fat;
• flax seeds;
• walnuts;
• vegetable oils;
• mineral water: Truskavets, Mirgorodskaya, Rychal-Su and so on;
• freshly squeezed juices;
• vegetables (tomatoes, eggplant, radish, pumpkin, ginger, and so on);
• cereals (brown rice, buckwheat);
• green tea;
• pumpkin seeds.

The most useful foods for breast cancer - photo

Berries, vegetables and fruits - best source vitamins, invented by nature Fatty fish will give the body the necessary proteins and fatty acids to fight breast cancer Fish oil is the main source of omega acids In case of breast cancer, freshly squeezed juice without preservatives and flavors will be the best drink Vegetable oils and flaxseed will also be an excellent addition to the diet against breast cancer stage 3 The main side dish is cereals rich in nutrients, vitamins, fiber

Foods to Avoid

It is necessary to observe a certain variety in the choice of products and know the measure. For example, if you get carried away with the use of flaxseed, you can provoke diarrhea, which leads to a deterioration in the absorption of the drugs taken. It is also worth excluding fried, fatty, smoked foods - that is, what causes direct harm to the body. It is unacceptable to use store-bought products such as mayonnaise and ketchup, juices, canned food, etc. Do not use following products:

• refractory, animal fats, margarine;
• fatty dairy products;
• rich broths (it is better to give preference to analogues made from meat of domestic chicken or rabbit);
• marinades, smoked products, canned food, fast food, semi-finished products;
• too salty, sweet or spicy dishes;
• pickled vegetables and homemade preparations with vinegar;
• confectionery, bakery products;
• mushrooms and dishes from them;
• processed and salted cheeses;
• chocolate, coffee;
• alcohol.

The best option would be to switch to proper nutrition, which will give more benefits, heal you, nourish you with useful and necessary substances and help support the body in the fight against the disease.

With breast cancer, it is necessary to exclude such a bad habit as smoking.

Breast cancer and nutrition rules - video

Treatment prognosis: what complications and consequences are possible

The prognosis for the treatment of grade 3 breast cancer depends largely on the form of cancer, the patient's well-being, size, penetration of the tumor and the degree of metastasis. When treated with modern pharmacological agents and techniques have a chance to recover from the disease. According to statistics, about 70% of patients were able to get rid of the neoplasm and gradually undergo a course of rehabilitation.

In 65–75% of cases, with proper treatment, prolonging the patient's life by 10 years becomes possible. but this is more true for cancer type 3A. Other types have a lower probability of ten-year survival: 3B - 10–40%, and 3C - no more than 10%. It also reduces survival and development possible complications after operation:

• lymphorrhea;
• violations of the mobility of the shoulder joint;
• violations of posture - curvature of the spine;
• pain syndrome;
• lymphostasis - lymphatic edema;
• suppuration of postoperative scars.

All these complications may not necessarily occur in a patient, especially if he follows the doctor's recommendations in the postoperative and recovery period. To increase the chance of survival, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of the attending physician, follow a diet and proper nutrition, undergo a recovery period and physiotherapy, and also pay attention to risk factors that may still remain at the time of treatment - smoking, obesity, contact with harmful substances, stress etc. All negative elements must be eliminated from the patient's life.

Prevention

Breast cancer prevention includes:

• elimination of risk factors for the occurrence of the disease again;
• maintaining a proper lifestyle;
• diet, restriction of harmful products;
• elimination of bad habits;
• solving the problem of obesity;
• elimination of stress from life;
• the beginning of sexual activity before the age of 25, the birth of a child under 30, breastfeeding for at least six months;
• examination of the mammary glands is mandatory, especially if the disease has already been once. Doctor visits once a year.