Flies appeared on the planet more than 250 million years ago. During this time, paleoflies managed to develop into more than 400 thousand species and adapt to any conditions of existence. This two-winged insect today cannot be found only beyond the Arctic Circle and in Antarctica. Flies occupied everything possible for living organisms. Some feed on the nectar of flowers, others on blood, others on decaying organic matter, and the fourth is fine. Some previously steppe and forest fly species quickly “realized” what benefits the development of civilization promises them and moved closer to human habitation. It is worth moving a couple of kilometers from the last dwelling, and these synanthropic flies cease to annoy. They are replaced by the remaining "wild" species.
Fly classification
Flies can't systematize so far, offering various ways division of these insects into orders, genera, families, etc. But a simple inhabitant of the planet is of little interest in such methods of classification as the shape of the seam along which the chrysalis bursts, or the length of the mustache of a fly. But the food addictions of flies excite everyone, since the comfort of human existence depends on it. And the division of Diptera according to the food factor is quite clear and does not cause confusion.
By the nature of the nutrition of adults, flies are:
- nectarophages;
- afagi;
- hematophagous;
- coprophages;
- necrophages;
- polyphages.
The second part of these words comes from the Greek phagos - "devouring" and indicates the type of food that each of the groups eats.
The food of nectarophages is the nectar of flowers, adult aphages do not eat at all, hematophages drink blood, coprophages eat excrement, necrophages eat dead flesh, and polyphages have a very extensive food base. A striking example of a polyphage is a house fly.
On a note!
Among coprophages and hematophages, there are two types of flies: obligate and facultative. In the former, larvae and adults feed on the same food. In the second variety, the food bases of larvae and adults are different.
coprophages
Obligate, among others, include some species of the family of true flies that live in pastures. These insects contribute to the breakdown of excrement in nature and are difficult to classify as pests or dangerous flies. But sometimes they fly into houses, spreading eggs of worms. In addition, these types of flies often settle in rooms where animals are kept.
Facultative flies are much more dangerous, since adult flies feed on excrement, but also willingly consume human food. Often these species come to eat directly from the dunghill. The food of the larvae is excrement.
On a note!
The most typical and common representative of facultative coprophages is. This is one of the most common species of flies in Russia, so adapted to life in human homes that it almost never occurs in nature.
Appearance of a house fly
In the photo of the brownie fly with macro magnification, you can clearly see all the details of the color. But when viewed with the naked eye, the fly looks gray.
It is a small insect with an average length of 7 mm. The color of house flies is gray with four longitudinal black stripes on the chest. The belly is yellowish on the underside. The eyes are large, dark red. faceted. The male differs from the female in the distance between the eyes: in females, the length of the organ of vision is equal to the distance between them; in the male, the eyes are spaced 2/3 of the length.
Nutrition
The housefly is an insect that cannot bite through human skin, although the female needs protein food to reproduce. This type of fly feeds only on liquid food. When finding solid pieces of organic matter, the housefly dissolves them in saliva before use.
In this way, she can "bite" a person. Trying to dissolve the skin with saliva, the fly causes a sharp pain. Acid burns would have caused similar sensations in us. But there are no marks left on the body.
Hematophagous
Flies that bite are obligate hematophagous. This species feeds on blood in the adult stage. The larvae develop in decaying organic matter. Obligate hematophages include: horseflies, autumn stallion and tsetse, which are often called killer flies.
Interesting!
The largest flies are called horseflies because of their bloodlust. The female, trying to drink blood and lay eggs, does not feel danger, does not notice anything around and often dies from the tail of an animal or a human hand.
In horseflies, females differ from males in that a person usually does not even see the latter. Horsefly males feed on nectar and do not attack mammals.
Some species of horseflies have green eyes, which is why they are often confused with others with green eyes - aphagous gadflies.
All obligate hematophages have mouthparts adapted to extracting blood.
Facultative hematophages are not able to independently extract blood from the victim's body. They feed on secretions from the skin and mucous membranes. Willingly drink the blood protruding from fresh wounds. In addition to secretions, they feed on the excrement of mammals and plant juices. The larvae develop in excrement.
A typical representative of a facultative hematophagus is the bazaar fly, which is very similar to the housefly, but lives only in the southern regions. Distributed throughout Central Asia and Transcaucasia. In Russia, it lives in the subtropical zone.
Necrophages
The names of fly species can often be misleading. Such a species as a "garbage fly" does not exist in nature. Under this name, Lucilia, which belongs to the group of necrophages, is most often hidden. On the dumps themselves, you can find any synanthropic species, including Drosophila. The group of necrophages of the most famous flies includes:
- lucilia (green);
- gray meat;
They all feed on animal carcasses, but also include food waste, vegetable juices, and excrement in their diet.
Interesting!
Necrophages are easy to distinguish from other Diptera: they are all red-eyed flies. Some eyes may be blood red () or brick (green).
Lucilia
Very common and well-known, capable of laying eggs on meat left unattended for a couple of minutes.
It is not uncommon to lay eggs in open wounds, where the larvae begin to develop by eating rotting flesh. The main habitat of these Diptera near human habitation is slaughterhouses. But also larvae can develop in animal excrement. The development of the larva from the egg takes 1-2 days.
blue meat
Medium sized insect. Distributed across all continents. Like the green, it prefers slaughterhouses and decaying meat.
gray meat
One of the most dangerous carrion flies. Outwardly, it is similar to an ordinary room, but larger and with clearly visible bright red eyes on the head. The species is viviparous. The female only needs to touch the meat with her belly to lay the larva. When going outside, the larva immediately begins to bite into the meat. The place of introduction of the larva can be determined by the appearance of liquid from decaying meat.
Nectarophages
This group includes the ilnitsa fly - an insect similar to a bee, but with two yellow spots on the upper side of the abdomen. Sometimes these spots have a reddish tint.
Ilnitsa-bee-eater can harm a person only if its eggs fall into gastrointestinal tract. Considering that the larvae of the silt worm develop in pits with sewage, the probability of the eggs ending up in fresh food is very small.
Afagi
On a note!
The eggs of the gadfly, depending on the species, are either stuck to the fur of the animal, or laid on the grass, or injected into the nose and eyes. The hatched larva itself makes its way under the skin or into the intestines.
speckwings
This is a family of flies with spotted wings. Most of them are small, only a few mm long. Some species can reach 2 cm. They are harmless to humans, but cause serious damage to crops.
Among the motley flies is the Mediterranean fruit fly with a red belly, which is exotic for a Russian. Due to the size (up to 5 mm) and color similar in color, the details of which are difficult to distinguish without a microscope, this fly is easy to confuse with.
The Mediterranean fly is not among the Russian pests, but it can be brought along with citrus fruits, the main food for its larvae.
The fly is for us the most familiar and most annoying insect that attacks our homes in the warm season. This usually lasts from spring to late autumn. We are accustomed to seeing ordinary house and green flies, which we associate with dirt and contagious diseases. But in fact, we know very little about these insects. In the world there are about 75 thousand various kinds flies, among which there are both biting and carrying infection, and completely harmless creatures.
Many of us have only a negative view of the fly. As a rule, we associate it with buzzing and unsanitary conditions that get on our nerves. But it turns out the fly is essential element biosphere, without which our planet could not fully exist. Many animals feed on adult flies and their larvae. Some types of flies pollinate plants, and some participate in the process of decomposition of plant waste and eat caterpillars and bugs. If it were not for flies, our planet would long ago have been littered with various plant debris.
What is this insect?
A fly is a two-winged insect belonging to the type of arthropods, the order of flies and. The body length of the insect varies from a few millimeters to 2 cm, depending on the species.
The life expectancy of flies is 1–2.5 months. One of the main distinguishing features of the fly is its huge eyes, which consist of several thousand hexagonal lenses. Thanks to this structure of the eyes, the fly has very good eyesight and is able to see even what is happening on the side and behind, that is, it practically has a circular field of view.
Fly related to this species, almost no longer lives in the wild. Therefore, she is the most annoying and impudent guest in our homes in the summer-autumn period. At this time, our life is complicated by the constant struggle with these small, but very fast and dodgy insects.
Houseflies are most active during the daytime. The homeland of this insect is the steppe Central Asia. But at the moment, its distribution is observed everywhere near human dwellings - both in rural areas and in cities.
The fly of this species is not a biting and blood-sucking insect, but nevertheless it causes significant harm to humans. Her limbs have tentacles that collect various harmful bacteria and dirt, leading to infectious diseases.
The body of a housefly is gray with brown hues. It consists of the abdomen, head and chest. The chest is connected to the wings and three pairs of legs. On the head are very large eyes, occupying almost the entire head, oral cavity and short antennae. The upper part of the breast with four dark stripes, the belly with black spots in the form of quadrangles. The lower half of the head is yellow. The total body length of the fly usually does not exceed 8 mm. males by size 
there are fewer females.
In the female, the frontal part of the head is wider, and the distance between the eyes is greater than in the male. The flight of a fly is carried out only with the help of two front membranous transparent wings, and the rear (halteres) are necessary only to maintain balance.
In appearance, many types of flies are similar to the house fly, but its hallmark is a vein that forms a kink in front of the wing margin. The limbs of the housefly are thin and long with suction cups for easy movement on various surfaces. These suction cups allow her to move freely even on a vertical glass plane and on the ceiling. The flight speed of the fly is very high, and it can last for several hours.
Nutrition
Despite the small antennae, the housefly's sense of smell is heightened. She is able to smell the smell of food at long distances.
The fly feeds on everything that people eat, but prefers liquid food.Its oral organs are not capable of biting - they have only a licking-sucking function. To do this, the fly has a flexible proboscis on its head, with the help of which it not only sucks liquid food, but also absorbs solid foods. The fact is that the fly secretes saliva that dissolves solids.
Reproduction and development
Houseflies favor oviposition in rotting moist environments such as manure and sewage. Having chosen a suitable place, the female lays from 70 to 120 white eggs, the length of which is about 1.2 mm. Stage of transition from egg to larva depending on conditions environment continues for 8-50 hours. The larva is an elongated white body without limbs, similar to a small worm 10–13 mm long, with a pointed head. She continues to live in the feces of various farm animals (horses, chickens, cows).
After the larva has passed 3 molts, after 3–25 days, its shell hardens and separates from the body. In this way, she becomes a chrysalis and after 3 days turns into a young fly, which can give birth to offspring after 36 hours. The average lifespan of a house fly is 0.5–1 month, but sometimes, under especially favorable conditions, it can live up to two months. A female can lay eggs up to 15 times in her lifetime. Depending on air temperature and other climatic factors, the total number of offspring is from 600 to 9,000 eggs. The breeding season of houseflies lasts from mid-April to the second half of September.
hoverfly
Hoverfly flies, or sirphids, are in many ways similar to - both in external characteristics and in behavior. They can also hover while in flight without stopping their wing work. In summer, they can often be found in your garden or kitchen garden near umbrella or composite plants. But unlike stinging wasps, hover flies are completely harmless. Her body is black and yellow striped with two transparent wings. The head is semicircular with large dark brown eyes. Adult insects feed on the nectar of flowers. The fly got its name from the water-like sound it makes when hovering in flight.
Hoverfly larvae can live in various environments: in water, in wood, in anthills.
The most favorable place for hover flies is the accumulation of aphids, since it is the aphids that are the main food for the larvae. They also feed on the eggs of some insects and spider mites.Syrphid eggs are translucent oval with a pinkish, greenish or yellowish tint. The larvae appear 2–4 days after the female lays her eggs. Their body is elongated 
wrinkled, narrowed in front and widened behind.
The larva is very lazy. Its physical activity is observed only when hunting aphids. She rises, sways from side to side and abruptly pounces on the victim, immediately absorbing it. Then, in search of the next portion of food, she moves, rolling her body weight from one end to the other. The older the larva, the more voracious it becomes. As a result, in 2–3 weeks of its development, it eats up to 2,000 aphids.
An adult fly can lay 150–200 eggs at a time. In total for the whole season (spring-summer-autumn) is replaced by 2 to 4 generations. The hoverfly is a very useful insect for the garden, as its larvae destroy great amount aphids harmful to fruit trees. Many gardeners specifically create favorable conditions for the reproduction of this fly by planting dill, carrots, parsley and other umbrella plants in their garden.
Green (carrion)
Despite its indifference to all sorts of carrion and sewage, this fly is a very beautiful insect with a glossy emerald body and translucent smoky wings with a slight openwork pattern. The length of her body is about 8 mm. The eyes of the fly are large reddish, the abdomen is rounded, the cheeks are white. Green flies live mainly in dirty places.: on decomposing animal corpses, in manure, waste - but sometimes they can be 
found among flowering plants with a strong aroma. They feed on organic decaying matter, where they lay their eggs.
After mating, the female lays about 180 eggs. The egg has a grayish or light yellow hue. She tries to hide them as deep as possible in the carrion, where they develop for 6–48 hours to the larval stage. The body length of the larva varies between 10–14 mm. After 3–9 days, they leave their habitat and move to pupate in the soil. The pupal stage lasts from 10 to 17 days (depending on weather conditions), after which the insect is selected to the surface already in the form of an adult fly.
Ilnitsa-bee-eater (tenacious ilnitsa)
This type of fly belongs to the hoverfly family. By appearance they are similar to the common bee. The average length is 1.5 cm. The abdomen is dark brown in color, covered with plumage of small hairs, there are large red spots with a yellowish tint on the side. In the middle part of the fly's face there is a wide, well-developed, brilliant black stripe. In front of two 
vertically arranged strips with dense hairline. The hind limbs in the region of the lower leg are also covered with hairs. The thighs of the insect are almost black.
The larva of the bee elnitsa is dark with a gray tint. The body of the larva has a cylindrical shape and reaches a length of 10–20 mm. The larva breathes with the help of a special respiratory tube, which can be stretched in length up to 100 mm. This organ is very important for her, since she lives in conditions of fetid liquids, garbage pits and sewage, and she can only breathe clean air.
This insect is active from July to October. Ilnitsy feed on the nectar of various flowering plants.
The larvae of the bee-eater can be a source of a dangerous intestinal disease that occurs in some countries of Europe, Africa, Australia, Chile, Argentina, India, Iran and Brazil.The disease occurs as a result of the ingestion of fly eggs into the human intestine along with food. There, the larva hatches and begins to develop, causing enteritis.
pusher flies
Pusher flies are small predatory insects, the distribution of which is observed in almost all parts of the planet. These flies got their name because of their bizarre behavior. Before mating during courtship, pusher males gather in flocks and begin to perform peculiar dances. In such an interesting way they attract the attention of females. In countries with a particularly warm climate, such performances can be observed throughout the summer. 
In addition to a pleasant spectacle in the form of a dance, males achieve the location of females with gifts they bring. Usually these are dead small flies of other species, which the female eats after mating. But quite often, pusher males turn out to be very greedy gentlemen. In the most unceremonious way, they take away their gifts from the female in order to attract another female for mating.
The body of the pusher fly is gray-brown in color, up to 15 mm long. The belly has 5–7 annular divisions. Wings in a state of calm fit snugly to the back. The head is small, round with a long proboscis lowered down. The eyes of males are usually as close as possible to each other. In the oral apparatus of the fly, the lower and upper jaws are located in the form of four bristles. Insect larvae live in the ground.
Rather large size slender predatory flies. The body and limbs are covered with a dense layer of short hairs. For humans, ktyr flies do not pose any danger, but insects such as mosquitoes, midges, beetles and even bees, quite reasonably
I had no idea there were so many flies. There is no doubt about the harm that market flies bring, as well as meat flies (the people also call them dung flies). I did not know that they (or rather their larvae) are so tenacious! And now I see that indoors are also very dangerous! In general, it is necessary to fight flies and in no case do not let everything go on the brakes!
Flies, of course, disgusting insects. They multiply insanely fast, it is worth noticing a couple of flies in the house, in the morning there are already several small ones flying. We have a country house in the village, there is no peace from them. Once they left the yeast on the table, returned home in the evening, and there were already a bunch of larvae. And the most unpleasant thing is that they carry diseases, so you have to hang the house with fly ribbons.
Flies are insects belonging to the Diptera order. They have one pair of membranous wings, a large movable head, and a mouth organ in the form of a proboscis.
The fact that flies have only one pair of wings distinguishes them from other insects. The hind wings are used by the fly, including for support. Thanks to its muscles and special skeleton, the fly can flap its wings at high speed and perform incredible aerobatic maneuvers in the air in flight.
There are natural flies, as well as the so-called synanthropic flies, which live inextricably with humans. Synanthropic flies include: true flies (Muscidae), blue and green blowflies (Calliphoridae), gray blowflies (Sarcophagidae), bloodsuckers (Hippoboscidae), and fruit flies (Drosophilidae).
Housefly
In the dwellings of people, you can most often find a house fly - Musca Domestica. Its dimensions are from four to seven and a half millimeters. It has streaks in the wings and 4 stripes on the back of the body. Given the presence of a proboscis, the fly has the ability to eat only liquid food. Solid food - only after dilution with saliva.
Fly Behavior
The activity of flies is manifested mainly only during the day. Fly orientation is carried out with the help of their eyes, with which they distinguish objects much better than vertebrates. For this reason, flies have a faster reaction time. Green as well as red light waves attract flies the most. The contrasts between light and dark are also attracted to flies. Plus, flies are susceptible to ultraviolet radiation. Unlike moths, which are able to communicate over long distances, flies communicate only at close range.
The danger of flies to humans
Blood-sucking Stinger flies, for example, are capable of mechanically transmitting anthrax and tularemia viruses.
Flies have a short development cycle and have a high potential for reproduction. Up to twelve generations of flies can reproduce during the summer. At one time, the female fly can lay from fifty to seventy-five eggs. The life span of a housefly is estimated at one to two months, depending on the air temperature of its environment.
In addition, fly eggs can be easily overlooked on food and swallowed, which can be accompanied by intestinal miasma, which is most often affected by children 3-5 years old, since their stomach acidity is still low. The larvae of the flies that have fallen on the wounds and mucous membranes of people and animals can penetrate into the tissues and eat them away.
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“... Looked out the window and flies pressed"
A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
Remember in childhood: "fly, fly-clatter." Why clatter? Let's talk about this and what we generally know about flies.
First contact
Probably fly this is the first animal that a person observes in his life. While still lying in a stroller, the baby looks with interest at a living black dot moving along the wall. And in later life, flies do not allow a person to forget about himself. They are very attached to people, although they do not reciprocate with him. As one delicate 19th-century author put it, "hardly anyone recognizes her for a single virtue ...". What's right is right.
Again, from early childhood, we hear a phrase that enters our consciousness: “ flies- carriers of infection. We accept it as a truth that does not require proof. Evidence, however, can be found anywhere. Making constant trips from garbage heaps and all sorts of waste from human life to his home, a single fly carries about 6 million microbes on itself! And this is only on yourself, and even more than 25 million inside yourself, in the intestines! Theoretically, this number of “passengers” is quite enough to infect the entire population of a country, for example, Australia or Canada.
How can flies “reward” a person? Dysentery and cholera, typhoid fever and tuberculosis, anthrax and diphtheria, poliomyelitis and many others. Full list includes more than 30 diseases.
Where are you from - a fly?
Annoying buzzing and tickling touches of flies will infuriate even very balanced and calm people. Hence the name of the fly - "tsokotuha", that is, chatterer, talker, talker, rattle. Why do flies have such sympathy for humans? The answer to this question must be sought in her and our genealogies.
Probably, the progenitors of the common fly were grazing forms and harassed grazing animals. We see remnants of these bad habits in modern houseflies. In extreme heat, they literally attack people, licking sweat and secretions from the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes.
What is the origin of flies, where is their homeland? On the one hand, they do not tolerate cold. On the other hand, they do not fall into hibernation in the wild, like some insects, but seek a warm shelter. This makes one think of their southern origin. From there, from warm countries, they settled together with man in areas with a more severe cold climate.
The human dwelling provided them with warmth, and the waste products of human activity, rotting near his dwelling and accompanying from ancient times to the present day, gave food to the larvae. By the way, rotting is also accompanied by the release of heat. And now, traveling around the world, a person helps to settle flies everywhere. These annoying insects can be found in cars and planes, trains and ships. They use any kind of transport.
"Indestructible Squadron"
At the beginning of the last century, a broad anti-fly campaign was launched. Scientists with facts and figures in their hands branded flies as unscrupulous and therefore. Repeatedly, experts spoke about the need for the complete destruction of flies. However, no one succeeded in carrying out such radical plans.
One of the main methods of flies in the fight for a place under the sun is their amazing fertility. One female common fly lays about a hundred eggs at a time. There are from four to six such “times” in her monthly life. In each generation, about half of the flies are females. They naturally do the same thing as their mother fly. A simple calculation shows that by the end of August, the offspring of a single female fly should exceed 5 trillion individuals. And given that our calculations are based on averages, the conclusion is obvious - there should be no place for us on this planet.
We are surrounded by a diverse world of insects: from small spider bugs that are not even visible to large bright butterflies that delight the eye. And among this great variety of creatures there are flies - small winged insects, completely ugly in appearance. They are not favored because of their annoying and annoying, but worst of all, they are carriers of various microorganisms and bacteria that can cause various diseases: starting with simple poisoning and ending with tuberculosis and typhoid. We are surrounded a large number of types of flies that you need to be able to recognize, so as not to be confused with other insects that are harmless to humans.
Fly classification
There are 40 thousand species of flies in the world, which can be conditionally divided into three large groups:
- village: live in close proximity to humans, in the wild they are not able to survive; house flies;
- semi-village (optional-village): they can live both next to a person and in the wild; blow flies;
- grazing: live in livestock droppings on pastures, fly into settlements; dung flies;
Gray blowflies are lovers of corpses
Flies are also divided into those that feed:
- fruits and berries: melon and garden;
- vegetables: lily, cabbage, garlic, cucumber, sprouts;
- flowers: peony;
- blood of animals and people: black (April),;
- rot and carrion: green, domestic, dung, gray meat;
- other insect pests: hoverflies, hoverflies;
Garden flies harm fruit and berry crops
What types of flies are most common
The world of flies is diverse, which, in addition to the structure of the body and the life cycle, have one common property - importunity. Whatever the insect: dangerous or relatively safe for humans, it will be very difficult to get rid of it. What is it that attracts flies to us? These creatures have a well-developed sense of smell, they are attracted by various sweet and not very aromas (but the most pleasant smell for most of them is the aroma of rot), which they fly to. We cook a lot of dishes with all kinds of tastes and smells - it is they that attract these insects so much that they make them travel quite large distances compared to their size and fly into our homes.
The alluring aroma blocks everything for flies, sometimes even the instinct of self-preservation, so many people answer the question “How many species of flies do you think exist?” answer: "one - importunate."
The house (or room) fly lives exclusively in close proximity to a person's dwelling, where there is a lot of food and household quickly rotting waste. Existence away from people for this type of insect is impossible, therefore, in the warm season, they are always nearby: they live in our kitchens, where food and their waste are stored, fly in through open windows to stay for several hours, and it is quite difficult to drive them out.
House flies are considered the most annoying
House flies do not have piercing-sucking mouthparts, so they cannot bite humans, but this does not make them completely harmless. These insects have three pairs of limbs, each with small sucker tentacles, to which various bacteria and microorganisms adhere, and then they are carried by flies to food. Creatures of this species are completely unremarkable: they have a gray-brown body with nondescript wings, but very bright red eyes. They occupy almost the entire head, the lower part of which is yellowish, and the upper part is sandy in color. The head has antennae and an oral cavity.
House flies have huge red eyes
Flies have two pairs of wings: the first is used for flight, the second (it is called halteres) is used to maintain balance. It is the halteres that make the sound we call humming.
House flies are diurnal insects that fall asleep at nightfall and wake up when the sun has already risen. They are active only in the warm season, in autumn, with the onset of the first cold weather, they fall into hibernation.
On average, houseflies live 3-4 months. First, an adult female lays eggs (about a hundred in one clutch), from which a larva appears after 8–50 hours (depending on the climate). This is a small worm up to 13 mm long that lives in animal feces and household waste. Approximately once a week the larva molts; after the third, the outer shell of the worm hardens, falls off, and the creature turns into a chrysalis. After 3 days, an adult is born, which becomes sexually mature after 36 hours. During its relatively long life, one fly can lay up to 10,000 eggs.
The larva of a fly looks like a small chopped off worm
These insects eat the same as humans, but prefer liquid or semi-liquid food, as they are unable to bite. To eat solid foods, flies secrete saliva, which is able to dissolve substances of various hardness.
The housefly can be found throughout Russia, but the closer to the south, the milder and warmer the climate and the more this insect. It is very difficult to fight him, but it is possible. The most effective are ordinary insect screens, which can be placed in window and door openings, and sticky tapes, which have a certain kind of smell that attracts flies - they sit on the tape, stick and can no longer fly away. The use of fumigators and various chemical baits is not recommended, especially if there are pregnant women, children or pets in the house, since these products emit harmful substances to the air.
Sticky tape should be changed every 2-3 months or as soon as it becomes full of flies.
hoverfly
Hoverfly flies (or sirphids) look very similar to wasps. Even the behavior of these insects is identical: syrphids can freeze in place during the flight, continuing to flap their wings, but they are completely harmless to humans - they do not bite like wasps.
Hoverfly flies got their name from the sound that is produced during the work of their wings - it is very similar to the murmur of water.
Hoverfly flies are found mainly in fields, orchards and orchards, where there are many umbrella and complex-flowered plants. Like all insects, they are most active during the daytime during warm seasons, and hibernate in the winter.
Hoverfly flies are harmless creatures
Hoverfly flies have a small body covered with alternating black and yellow stripes. They have only one pair of transparent wings and huge brown eyes. Hoverflies have a long proboscis, which they use to obtain nectar; They don't bite people or animals.
The wasp's body is more segmented
Syrphids feed mainly on plant nectar, but they can also eat aphids, eggs of various insects and spider mites. Human food does not appeal to them at all.
Wasp-like flies lay 150–200 eggs at a time; masonry is done mainly in the habitats of aphids, which are very convenient for the larvae to hunt. They appear 2-4 days after laying eggs and look like small worms chopped off from behind. The larvae feed on their own, becoming more voracious every day; so, in 2-3 weeks of their life they are able to eat more than 2 thousand aphids. Then the larvae turn into pupae, from which, after 7–10 days, an adult appears.
Hoverfly larvae are very lazy, but their hunting for aphids looks quite interesting: as soon as the victim is noticed, the worm rises, begins to sway from side to side and after a few moments very quickly pounces on the prey, instantly absorbing it. To get yourself more food, you need to move. To do this, the larva "rolls" the mass of its body from one end to the other, thus moving in space.
Hoverflies do not live long: on average, 1–1.5 months, but even for such short life they bring many benefits to the garden and vegetable garden, eating a variety of insects. Many summer residents create favorable conditions for the life of hoverflies so that they settle on their territory and save them from pests. You don't need to get rid of sirphids.
The green (or carrion) fly is rightfully considered one of the most beautiful insects: it has a neat, glossy emerald body, large brown eyes that go well with a pair of smoky wings. All its paws have tentacles to which bacteria and microorganisms stick, which this fly carries over long distances.
The green fly has an incredibly beautiful color
It is a pity that such a beautiful creature feeds on carrion and rot, so it must be driven away and even destroyed, and not admired, as we would like. The carrion fly lives on the corpses of animals, in household waste and in feces, but is sometimes found on flowers with a very strong sweet smell.
Green flies are also found on flowers with a pronounced sweet aroma.
Green flies lay up to 180 eggs in the same place where they feed - in rotten food and bodies. Females try to hide their eggs as deep as possible so that when the larva is born (and this happens after 6-48 hours), she has a lot of food. At the stage of larvae, flies stay from 3 to 9 days, after which they crawl into the soil, where they turn into pupae. After another 10-17 days, an adult fly appears, which gets to the surface.
You should not allow the appearance of carrion flies in your house, since they will bring on their paws a huge amount of bacteria from corpses and feces, which will cause at least poisoning and intestinal diseases. Most effective means against these flies are nets against insects and ordinary adhesive tapes, which have a pleasant smell for flies. If you don't have pets at home, you can buy a flycatcher plant.
Flycatcher is a very beautiful plant that feeds on the blood of insects.
Fly elnitsa-bee
Ilnitsy-bee-bee species belong to the family of hoverflies, only they do not look like wasps, but like bees. They have a rather large body - on average, 1.5 cm in length, the abdomen is rather "chubby" than these flies and resemble bees. The body is brown in color with large reddish-yellow spots on the sides. Unlike other flies, silt flies are covered with very fine hairs - even the eyes and limbs are covered with hair.
Another name for bee silt is tenacious silt
Bee-eaters live near plants with strongly smelling flowers, the nectar of which they feed on. Adults are absolutely harmless to both humans and insects, so there is no point in specifically breeding them, and there is also nothing special to destroy them.
Ilnitsy lay their eggs in various sewage, so getting eggs or larvae into the human body (for example, from unwashed hands or food) can lead to infection with intestinal diseases (for example, enteritis).
The larva is born 18–48 hours after laying eggs, its body length reaches two centimeters, but the special breathing tube with which the worm breathes can stretch as much as 10 cm. This is due to the fact that the larvae live in sewage, and breathe only clean air.
The silt flies are most active from July to October; in cold weather, these flies hibernate.
The bee has a more hairy and segmented body
Since only the eggs and larvae of the bee fly can harm a person, wash your hands thoroughly after coming from the street, rinse the food and make sure that rotting household waste does not accumulate at home, where the silt could lay its eggs.
Ktyri are large predatory flies that destroy other insects: mosquitoes, midges, beetles and even bees. They feed exclusively on flying organisms, do not harm either a person or his crop, so the ktyrs should not be scared away or even destroyed - although they are ugly in appearance, they are good helpers in the fight against pests and blood-sucking insects.
Ktyr can fight even with a hornet
These flies look really not very attractive: a small dark brown body completely covered with hairs, huge brown eyes, a sting with poison that they inject into their prey. Incredibly long compared to the body, the limbs are also covered with hairs. It is with them that the ktyri catch their prey in the air. Long powerful dark brown wings with small light stripes help to keep themselves and their prey in flight.
Ktyrs lay their eggs in various decaying materials: wood, soil, and so on. As soon as the larvae appear from the eggs, they immediately begin to destroy small insects that are nearby. Often one larva becomes a victim of another (and an adult can eat its own kind).
Ktyrs live, like all flies, for 2–2.5 months, they are active in the warm season. They are found in cities, and in gardens, and away from people.
The tsetse fly is the most dangerous fly on the entire planet Earth, which lives, fortunately, in Africa. She is a carrier of the so-called sleeping sickness, from which one can die if timely medical assistance is not provided. This fly feeds exclusively on the blood of animals and humans.
Bernhard Grzimek (zoologist and conservationist) in his book “There is no place for wild animals” said that it was thanks to the tsetse fly in equatorial Africa that habitats of large wild animals were preserved, almost untouched by humans.
The female gives birth to larvae, which immediately become pupae, in a dark place, closer to the soil. It is there that the pupae will develop for several days until they turn into adults.
the tsetse fly is very beautiful, although the color of its back is unremarkable - gray
Tsetse flies are unusually beautiful: the chest of the insect is reddish-gray, covered with longitudinal dark brown stripes, the abdomen is yellow-gray, gray back with a black and milky pattern, a long branched proboscis, powerful transparent wings, which the insect folds one on top of the other and on which a coffee-colored pattern is clearly visible. But do not be fascinated by this creature - they are dangerous for humans.
The wings of the tsetse fly have an unusual "hatchet" pattern.
If you go to Africa, be sure to get vaccinated against sleeping sickness.
We are surrounded by countless different insects: some of them harm humans, some, on the contrary, help with various pests and save the crop. You need to be able to distinguish friends among all insects and not kill them, but create favorable conditions for their life. Chemical agents, of course, are better at destroying various insects, including aphids, but they are not as safe for humans as, for example, hoverflies. Use those helpers that nature itself gives you.