What not to do when pregnant. Contraindications during pregnancy. use narcotic drugs

Pregnancy is a time of maximum caution. Even within the walls of your own home. After all, while the spouse future mother works for the benefit of the family, all household chores fall on the shoulders of a pregnant woman, including those that can negatively affect the health of mother and baby. In the period before the baby is born, such "feats" as rearranging furniture, climbing ladders, and even cleaning cat litter boxes are extremely dangerous.

Therefore, we temporarily stop being heroes and remember which of the household responsibilities should be shifted to your loved ones ...

1. Cooking food
   It is clear that dinner will not be prepared on its own, and feeding a husband with canned food and “doshirak” is fraught with a hungry riot. But a long watch at the stove is a risk of worsening venous outflow, edema and varicose veins. Therefore, we leave complex dishes “for after childbirth”, we involve relatives for help, we simplify the entire process of cooking as much as possible.
   • Be sure to take breaks.
   • Tired legs? Sit on the front and raise your legs on a low bench.
   • Tired of your back from an uncomfortable posture in the process of chopping cabbage? Place a stool nearby, on which you can lean on your knee and unload the spine.
2. Appliances
   The use of electric kettles, stoves, microwave ovens and other appliances should be as careful as possible.
   • If possible, avoid microwaves during pregnancy or keep them to a minimum. It is strongly not recommended to use this appliance if the door does not close tightly ( electromagnetic radiation will not benefit either the baby or the mother). And during the operation of the device, you should keep a distance of at least 1.5 m from it.
   • Also, try not to turn on all devices at the same time, so as not to create electromagnetic "crossfire".
   • Do not leave a laptop, mobile phone and chargers next to the bed at night (distance - at least 1.5-2 meters).
3. Wet floor cleaning
   Many people know about the vulnerability of joints and cartilage during pregnancy. Overloading the spine during this period is not recommended and is dangerous.
   • No "gymnastic tricks and fouettes" while cleaning! Be careful with body turns, tilts.
   • Wear a special bandage (according to size) to lighten the load.
   • If possible, shift all the heavy responsibilities around the house to your spouse and loved ones.
   • When bending or lifting an object from the floor, bend your knees (stand on one knee) to distribute the load on the spine.
   • Washing floors “on your knees” is unacceptable - use a mop (the back should be straight during cleaning), and adjust the length of the tube at the vacuum cleaner.
4. Cleaning products, "chemistry" for cleaning
   We approach the choice of these funds with extreme caution.
   • We leave plumbing cleaning to loved ones.
   • We choose detergents without smell, ammonia, chlorine, toxic substances.
   • We change powder products (they are especially harmful) and aerosols to liquid products.
   • We work only with gloves, and (if necessary) in a gauze bandage.
   • We do not clean carpets ourselves - we send them to dry cleaners.
5. Pets
   Four-legged, winged and other pets can become a source of not only allergies, but also serious diseases. Therefore, we strictly observe the rules for caring for pets during this period: after communicating with the animal, wash your hands with soap, monitor its state of health (if there is any suspicion, we take it to the veterinarian), do not feed the animal raw meat, we shift the cleaning of the toilet and places of feeding / sleeping of the animal to loved ones (this is especially true for the owners of the mustachioed-striped ones - you can’t wash the cat trays for the expectant mother!).
6. Lifting weights, rearranging furniture
   These actions are strictly prohibited! The consequences may be premature birth. No self-activity! Almost every expectant mother itches to “renew” the situation, but it is strictly forbidden to move sofas, drag boxes and start a general cleaning alone. Basins and buckets with water should be emptied and filled only with the help of a ladle.
7. "Climbing"
   It is not recommended to climb a ladder or a stool to perform any work.
   • Do you want to change curtains? Ask your spouse to help.
   • Get a dryer so you don't have to hang your laundry jumping from a stool to the floor and back again.
   • Leave all repair work to your loved ones: waving a spatula under the ceiling during pregnancy, changing light bulbs, gluing wallpaper and even cleaning an apartment after repair is dangerous!

For many girls, everything related to pregnancy and childbirth causes a panic state. And when the time comes to think about offspring, fear prevents you from focusing on the main thing - the birth of a child, makes you devote all your thoughts to the possible negative aspects of both processes. There is another extreme - the belief that nature will do everything itself, so there is nothing to worry about at all. Both points of view are wrong. Pregnancy and childbirth are natural processes. But a woman must prepare for them mentally and physically, have enough knowledge about how this happens, do everything in her power for the safe bearing and birth of a healthy baby.

The need for this is caused not only by the material resources of the family. Here the most important thing is the health of both parents, their readiness for the birth of a child, the creation of favorable conditions for this. The process should be started 2-3 months before the intended fertilization. It includes:

• Quit smoking and alcohol;
• Normalization of nutrition with obligatory use a large number of vitamins, trace elements, fiber;
• Healthy physical activity with frequent exposure to fresh air. This part of the preparation is especially useful for a woman, because it is she who will bear the child and give birth, which require endurance and energy expenditure;
• Avoidance of stress.

Actually, there is nothing complicated in these requirements, it would be good for everyone to lead such a lifestyle all the time.

Which doctors should be visited

Future parents should definitely be examined by doctors. A woman needs to visit doctors of the following specialties:

• Gynecologist. It is good that this is a specialist who will then observe the entire pregnancy. He should know about previous diseases, childbirth, abortion. The gynecologist will need the results of tests for flora, cytology, viral infections(HIV, hepatitis, syphilis), PCR studies for venereal infections, cytomegalovirus, as well as information on the body's susceptibility to rubella,;
• Dentist. Before pregnancy, you need to get rid of infections in the oral cavity, caries;
• Cardiologist;
• Otorhinolaryngologist;
• Allergist;
• Endocrinologist.

In addition to the above analyses, more research needs to be done:

• ultrasound reproductive organs and mammary glands;
• Blood and urine tests (general and biochemical);
• Hormone levels;
• Ultrasound of the thyroid gland.

If a woman is not the first attempt to get pregnant, the specialist may consider it necessary to prescribe:

• Colposcopy of the cervix;
• Hysteroscopy;
• Biopsy of the endometrium.

Taking oral contraceptives, as well as protection using the IUD, should be interrupted 2-3 months before conception. If there are genetic diseases in the family or one of the future parents had radiation exposure, it is worth visiting the appropriate specialist.

In order for conception to occur exactly when future parents want it, it is necessary to calculate the most favorable days for it. Ovulation occurs at about 11-16, if you count from the first day of menstruation.

The most important thing during pregnancy

There are many nuances in this period that you should know so that everything goes harmoniously and safely for the woman and the unborn baby. Proper behavior will help avoid many potential problems.

Tests

A woman will be able to understand that she is pregnant, based on her own well-being. But it will be a little later, but until the first signs appear, a pregnancy test will come to the rescue. Whatever it is, its functioning is based on the determination in the urine chorionic gonadotropin a person who appears immediately after the implantation of the embryo inside the uterus, that is, 7-10 days after conception. And if you do a test on the first day of the expected, but not arrived menstruation, it will be informative. These devices are of several types:

• Test strips. Impregnated with a reagent that, when immersed in morning urine, gives a result with an accuracy of up to 95% in 5-10 seconds. If another control line appears next to the existing control line, the woman is pregnant;
• Tablet. Able to indicate pregnancy with a delay of less than a week. A drop of morning urine is placed in a designated window. After a while, the result is visible in the adjacent rectangle;
• Jet. It will detect pregnancy with high accuracy at the earliest possible date. The receiving tip of the device is placed under the stream of urine, and the result will be visible in a few minutes in the window intended for this.

It happens that tests give out information that does not correspond to reality. The reason for this is a violation of instructions or taking drugs containing hCG.

How to determine the term

To track pregnancy, it is necessary for both the doctor and the expectant mother to know her term. This is the basis for the appointment of studies, monitoring the development of the fetus, the possibility of detecting pathology. Thanks to the knowledge of the term, it is easy to determine the date of the upcoming birth. There are several counting methods:

• On the day of ovulation. It happens around the middle of the cycle. If it is 28 days, then conception occurred 14 days after the start date of the last menstruation. It is possible to identify the day of ovulation by regular measurements of basal temperature;
• With the help of ultrasound. The screen clearly shows the size of the fetal egg, according to which the doctor will calculate the term. This method is most informative up to 24 weeks;
• Examination of the uterus. The gynecologist will determine the period by its size, starting from the 5th week, when the organ begins to grow;
• By the first movement of the fetus. As a rule, this happens at 18-20 weeks, sometimes at the 16th. It's a bit late, but some inattentive women find out about pregnancy just like that.

How to live with pregnancy

The lifestyle should be aimed at ensuring the normal development of the unborn child and the well-being of the woman. This does not mean that all pleasures become inaccessible, but the life of the expectant mother becomes more streamlined:

• It is necessary to monitor nutrition so that the fetus receives enough vitamins and minerals. You should forget about coffee, green tea, seafood, legumes for now, less carbohydrates, from which weight grows. But meat, fish, dairy products, vegetables, fruits are not forbidden in the diet;
• Take vitamins as directed by your doctor. Folic acid is especially important. But vitamin A needs moderate doses, otherwise the child is threatened with pathology;
• Rest and comfort are the main components of the daily routine. This also applies to clothes and underwear. Sleep should be at least 8 hours, mental, physical and emotional stress is reduced. Important 1.5-hour walks in the fresh air, exercises to strengthen the spine, abdominal muscles, perineum;
• The use of transport should be limited due to possible shaking, which creates unwanted vibration;
• Lifting weights and shock domestic labor, especially with the use of chemicals, are prohibited;
• Alcohol and smoking are the enemies of pregnancy. Even infrequent use can provoke deformities in a child;
• Medicinal preparations and plants are taken only as prescribed by a doctor;
• You should still take care of yourself carefully, but without the use of toxic cosmetics, acrylic and ammonia materials, solarium, and hardware methods. Care and hygiene products are better to choose those that are specially designed for pregnant women;
• The breast is prepared for future feeding by washing with warm and cool water, air baths for 10 minutes 3 times a day;
• With a normal pregnancy, vaginal sex is not prohibited. With an increase in the term, it is only necessary to protect the growing belly from pressure on it.

Poor health is not uncommon in different periods pregnancy. Typical problems in women:

• Toxicosis. It manifests itself from the beginning of pregnancy with nausea, vomiting, aversion to food and certain smells. By the 12th week, toxicosis disappears, but even before this time, its symptoms can be alleviated by eating a piece of salty biscuit with sweetened weak tea in the morning, drinking 1.5 liters of fluid per day, reducing portions and increasing the number of meals to 6;
• in the legs. The enlarged uterus compresses the blood vessels, so the blood supply to the muscles is disrupted. The body may be deficient in calcium and potassium. Products containing these microelements will help, mini-exercises with squeezing and unclenching the toes;
• Vertigo. They can occur for various reasons: stuffiness, tightness, fatigue. You can deal with a problem by avoiding the conditions that create it;
• Insomnia. It is caused by anxiety and changes in the body that provoke the need to go to the toilet often, the inability to choose a comfortable position due to the stomach. Sleeping at the same hours, drinking warm milk shortly before it, daytime rest will help;
• . You can fix the problem if you drink a glass of water after waking up, and add it to it before eating. lemon juice, walk a lot, introduce prunes, dried apricots into the diet.

Childbirth: readiness #1

In the entire chain of childbearing, this is what women fear the most. Childbirth is a serious test, but the vast majority of mothers have successfully overcome it. In addition, experts are always ready to help.

What to take to the hospital

Necessary things and documents should be prepared in advance. Before giving birth, you need to take with you only those that are needed directly for the woman and the newborn. Everything else is collected and left for later, these things will later be brought by a happy father.
The documents:

• The passport;
• Exchange card;
• The results of the latest analyzes to date;
• Medical policy;
• Birth certificate;
• Agreement with the clinic (if concluded).

Things for childbirth and stay in the ward:

• Spacious nightgown;
• Socks, thin and thicker, but not woolen;
• Hygiene items (soap, comb, brush and toothpaste, napkins, toilet paper);
• A pair of small terry towels;
• Robe;
• Washable slippers with non-slip soles.

Items that will be needed after childbirth and at discharge:

• Sanitary pads and disposable underwear for mom;
• 2 with front closure;
• Cream for nipple cracks;
• Laxative candles;
• Pampers for a newborn 1 set. Another is bought already in accordance with the size of the baby;
• Baby soap, cream, soft towel;
• Sterile cotton;
• Thin and thick vests, bonnets, diapers, mittens;
• A blanket or "envelope", a hat, overalls, socks for discharge. All things according to the weather;
• Clothes and cosmetics for mom. The one in which the woman came to the hospital is likely to be great.

How is childbirth

Healthy women produce children natural way i.e. through the birth canal. The process, assisted by a midwife or doctor, is divided into 3 phases:

• The first is counted from the beginning of regular contractions until the cervix is ​​fully dilated by 4 cm. This is the longest part - 8-10 hours. Sometimes the process is stimulated with medications;
• The second lasts 3-4 hours. The contractions intensify and become more frequent, the fetal bladder opens and the water leaves. The cervix opens up to 6-8 cm, and the fetus moves to the level of the pelvic floor;
• The third is characterized by the opening of the uterine os by 10-12 cm and lasts from 20 minutes to 2 hours. It passes into the main part of childbirth, although it feels like the activity of the process is weakening. But this is not so, it is after the full opening of the cervix that the fetal head passes through the pelvic ring, and after 8-10 attempts by the mother, the baby comes out. Sometimes, to facilitate this part of the path, the woman's perineum is dissected.

During the first two phases, the woman is allowed to sit up and walk around to stimulate labor. In some clinics, the process takes place with anesthesia. The condition of the woman in labor is monitored by measuring pressure, temperature, and doing vaginal examinations.

After the birth of the child and the cessation of pulsation in the umbilical cord, it is cut. The afterbirth comes out of the uterus after 2-3 contractions, the woman is given drugs to prevent bleeding.

C-section

It should be prescribed according to indications, but sometimes it is done at the request of a woman. The planned operation is carried out as follows:

• On the operating table, a woman is given an epidural or general anesthesia. They put a dropper and an apparatus for measuring pressure, as well as a catheter for diverting urine;
• The woman's stomach is wiped with an antiseptic, the doctor dissects the abdominal wall and the anterior uterus, removes the child, and cuts the umbilical cord. It takes 10-15 minutes;
• The surgeon separates the placenta, examines the uterine cavity, sews up the organ. Then the seams are applied to the abdominal wall, bandage and ice on top;
• The woman is placed in intensive care for a day, where saline and antibiotics are administered.

After transfer to the ward, the stitches are processed every day, the painkiller is stopped after 3-4 days.

The woman's body recovers faster;

No need to waste time looking for the right one baby food, money to buy it, fiddling with the preparation and sterilization of bottles.

Usually the baby is applied to the breast on the third day after birth, and before that the woman has to express herself. It hurts, but it is necessary that then you can feed for at least 6 months, and preferably up to a year. In this regard, new mothers are concerned about two problems:

• lack of milk;
• Cracked nipples.

The first is solved by frequent attachment of the child to the breast, taking lactation-stimulating drugs: infusion of anise seeds, grated carrots with sour cream. A woman will have to drink plenty of fluids and eat right to prevent gas formation in the baby.

Cracked nipples should be treated with special creams and air baths. It is also necessary to learn how to properly breastfeed the baby so that he captures the nipple along with the areola.

body after childbirth

In this part, the stomach delivers the most suffering to women. He is no longer as flat as before, during pregnancy, the muscles stretched and sagged slightly. But you don't have to put up with it. Some steps can be taken:

• Change nutrition. If you include oatmeal, rice, vegetables, fruits in your diet, drink plenty of water, it will spur metabolic processes. Fat from the abdomen will slowly but steadily begin to go away. Do not forget that a large amount of fiber is harmful to the baby if he is breastfed. And starvation is unacceptable, because the milk will disappear. Therefore, in your zeal for harmony, you need to know the measure;
• Restore muscle tone. Gentle exercises for the abdomen will help: abdominal breathing, its tension on a walk, doing household chores. You need to increase the load gradually, you can intensively engage in six months after childbirth, if they passed without complications.

postpartum discharge

The uterus after childbirth is not restored in a day. This process is stretched for a certain period, during which the woman has lochia. At first, they contain a lot of blood, then they gradually brighten and by the end of the 6-8th week after birth they become transparent or white.

Menstruation can come in 1.5-2 months if the woman is not breastfeeding. Lactation lengthens the period without menstruation to six months. But on average and breastfeeding they begin on the 4th month after childbirth, because by this time the child is already being introduced to complementary foods and less is being applied to the breast.

Sex after childbirth

You will have to refrain from it for another 4-6 weeks if the birth was normal. The sexual sphere of a woman should be fully restored, then sex will be a joy, and will not cause pain and infection.
After caesarean section or perineal ruptures, recovery will take 2 months.

At the first sexual intercourse, a woman may feel pain and discomfort. This is due to the dryness of the vagina, which can be corrected with a lubricant, but rather a long prelude to the act. Wall tone is almost always reduced. But this problem is also solvable by training the vagina with Kegel exercises.

Pregnancy is a special time in the life of any woman, and lifestyle during childbearing can change significantly. It is important to remember that during pregnancy, some of the factors can have an extremely adverse effect on how the fetus develops, and therefore, during pregnancy, there are some quite reasonable restrictions in Everyday life and entertainment. What should be changed in your professional and everyday life when two stripes appear on the test?

Work and professional activity.
Often, by the nature of their work, women are forced to face harmful factors that could harm pregnancy. Therefore, if the expectant mother works, she is strictly forbidden, including at the legislative level, to work in industries that are associated with harmful factors. Those that have a particularly adverse effect on fetal development include the following:

Exposure to radiation. This effect is especially dangerous during the first trimester, up to 12 weeks of pregnancy, when the formation of organs and systems of the fetus occurs, the laying and formation of organs and tissues occurs. The action of the best radiation leads to the provocation of fetal malformations, the formation of mental retardation, spontaneous miscarriages or miscarriages. According to retrospective observations, people who are born to mothers who were systematically exposed to radiation during pregnancy may develop leukemia or malignant neoplasms in the brain over time. Radiologists, laboratory assistants, production workers are constantly exposed to radiation.

Exposure to salts of heavy metals, especially dangerous of them will be mercury, which is contained in electrical equipment, and is also used in the chemical, metallurgical and automotive industries. No less dangerous will be lead, which contains some brands of gasoline, building materials or dyes for fabrics. Systematic contact with salts of heavy metals leads to the ability of these salts to accumulate inside the body. Including the accumulation of salts of heavy metals occurs in the tissues of the growing fetus. This leads to the formation of teratogenic effects - malformations of the fetus develop, embryotoxic effects - damage to the embryo during its initially normal development, as well as to the development of cerebral palsy in the future.

Exposure to insecticides and pesticides, specific chemicals used in weed or pest control products. Contacts with these substances can form malformations of the limbs of the fetus, mutagenic effects with damage to germ cells, which will lead to the formation of special diseases that are inherited.

Work at night. Usually, salespeople, dispatchers, nurses and doctors, supervisors in production and other professions work on night shifts. Working at night for any living organism will definitely be harmful and difficult, as this leads to disruptions in biological rhythms, which disrupts the normal production of a special hormone - melatonin. This hormone is the main regulator of the daily rhythms of the human body, which leads to the formation of a state of chronic stress. During pregnancy, any stress will negatively affect the development of the fetus, which can lead to spontaneous miscarriages or the development of premature birth. Risks for night shifts, according to scientists, are doubled.

Carrying weights. Pregnant women are forbidden to lift and carry heavy objects, as such physical activity can lead to miscarriages or provoke premature birth. When it comes to production, there are special specially developed standards, according to which pregnant women, with periodic lifting or moving weights, cannot lift a permissible weight of more than 2.5 kg. And if such rises are very frequent - then no more than 1250.

All issues related to the work of pregnant women are stipulated and spelled out in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. According to this code, employers, at the request of the pregnant woman herself with the provision of her certificate of pregnancy, or at the conclusion of her doctor, are obliged to reduce the production standards for the expectant mother or transfer the pregnant woman to light work. Expectant mothers need to exclude the influence of all adverse factors At the same time, the transfer to light work does not mean a reduction in wages. It is forbidden for pregnant women to work overtime, work at night or send them on business trips.

Household chores and housework.
Although they try to make work easier for pregnant women, for the most part, for the entire nine months of pregnancy, household chores cannot be completely excluded in any case, and the responsibility for maintaining cleanliness and order in the house will still remain on the shoulders of the hostess in her new interesting position. But it is worth remembering that some types of housework during pregnancy should be strictly prohibited. These will include:

Making sharp and jerky movements, strong body bends in the form of raising full buckets of water, shaking out carpets.
- carrying heavy packages and bags with groceries. Expectant mothers are strictly forbidden to lift more than 5 kg
- independent movement and rearrangement of furniture
- performing such household chores, in which you have to raise your hands up for a long time, for example, hang curtains (and here you can still fall, losing balance). It is also worth abandoning such work that is associated with a sharp raise of arms and tension in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe anterior abdominal wall - getting things from the high shelves of the cabinet, reaching for the upper shelves of kitchen cabinets.
- climbing onto a chair, stool, window sills or stepladder to wash windows, dust furniture, change burnt out light bulbs, etc.
- prolonged stay in a squatting position when cleaning carpets or mopping the floor.

All these actions can pose a danger to the health and normal course of pregnancy in the expectant mother, can damage the fetus due to the fact that the presence of sudden movements, heavy lifting and prolonged forced uncomfortable position leads to the fact that the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall become very tense. This leads to sharp fluctuations in intrauterine pressure. Such actions can lead to the formation of a threat of termination of pregnancy, as well as to premature discharge of amniotic fluid with the start of labor. In addition, due to the action of hormones during pregnancy, the area of ​​​​cartilage and joints becomes more mobile and elastic, the center of gravity shifts, which leads to an increased risk of falls, they will become especially dangerous from the height of a windowsill, chair or stepladder. When falling, the consequences can be fatal - internal bleeding due to premature detachment of the placenta, the development of acute hemorrhagic shock, and intrauterine fetal death can also occur. Completely any physical activity should be excluded in pregnant women with placenta previa, a special pathology in which the placenta is fixed in the cervical region. Its detachment threatens with severe bleeding. Loads are also prohibited with low placentation, the threat of abortion.

Dangerous for a pregnant woman can be contacts with household chemicals, and especially with products that have pungent odors and contain potentially dangerous substances. It is especially recommended to refuse the constant use of funds containing:
- chlorine and its derivatives in the form of bleaches, means for disinfection and cleaning of sanitary ware, stain removers and others
- phosphates contained in detergents - powders and gels
- ammonia, which is part of detergents and cleaners, window cleaners
- xylene and tuolene, which are part of fragrances and air fresheners, aerosols.
First of all, with close and regular contact with harmful household chemicals that are contained in our usual cleaning products, it can provoke the development of allergic diseases. Immunity changes during pregnancy allergic reactions may occur on previously quite harmless substances. In addition, these substances can lead to irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes or respiratory tract, skin.
In addition, it is always worth remembering that harmful chemical substances contained in cleaning products can penetrate the body of a woman and lead to teratogenic, causing fetal malformations, effects or mutagenic, causing mutations in the cells of the fetus, actions. To ensure your own security you need to carefully study the labels, excluding interaction with products that are marked “toxic”, and always use gloves and a protective mask when cleaning in order to exclude direct contact of the substance with the skin and respiratory tract.

It is strictly forbidden to use preparations for the destruction of rodents, insects and pests during pregnancy due to their high toxic effect, they can lead to severe poisoning, which can be dangerous for both the expectant mother and her child.
It is worth abandoning the idea of ​​doing repairs, since this type of activity will combine almost all the options for dangers and threats that we have listed with you earlier. These are the risks of falling from a height of stools or stepladders, excessive physical exertion, as well as exposure to hazardous chemicals that can be part of paints, varnishes and solvents, as well as building materials. In matters of repair, rely on family members or professionals, but only manage the process yourself, thinking through the design of the house and decorating it.

It is worth refusing to participate in all repair work, and the most optimal thing for the time of repair would be your move to another place so that you do not breathe the fumes of all the repair chemicals.

In contact with

Classmates

Joy, anxiety, doubts, fears and many other emotions are experienced by every woman when she learns about her new position. Each woman perceives this news in her own way. Someone treats this as a disease, and throughout the entire period they behave accordingly, limit themselves in everything, try to follow all the doctor’s advice and, having read books, “put themselves to bed” for a nine-month period. Someone continues to run like a "squirrel in a wheel", go to work, carry heavy bags and rush from one extreme to another.

In fact, pregnancy is not a disease, of course, you will have to behave more carefully and attentively, you will need to give up many habits, but this is not a sentence to forbid yourself everything.

Bring it, I don't know what!

With the onset of pregnancy, women's appetite changes dramatically. This can manifest itself not only in an acute desire for everything salty or sour, but also, for example, in completely original combinations and whims: tea with cucumbers or honey with sausage. Many will wrinkle their noses at this, but taste preferences during pregnancy are far more bizarre. Everyone known fact that during pregnancy a woman may experience a feeling of disgust for her favorite foods, or vice versa, what she has never eaten before can be eaten with pleasure. Naturally, the food great value, because now the expectant mother should carefully choose her diet, which affects the development of her unborn baby!

In some books about pregnancy, they write that a future mother can eat only what is good for her baby, that is, everything lean and dairy. And then longing overcomes you: how to refuse something sweet, for example? How to replace your favorite foods with cereals and yogurts? However, not everything is as bad as it might seem at first glance. Moreover, a piece of chocolate will certainly not make you feel bad. The main thing here is that all products are fresh.

The diet of the expectant mother

The diet of a pregnant woman should be complete and varied, enriched with vitamins and useful trace elements. It is important that the expectant mother enjoy what she eats, because it is main reason good health and good mood.

So, if the question arises, what should not be eaten by pregnant women. The diet of the expectant mother should consist only of products of natural origin. Those. products that a woman eats should not contain various additives, flavor enhancers, and dyes that can adversely affect the development of the baby. One of the rather dangerous additives are type E additives (but not all).

Caffeine can cause miscarriage or underweight babies at birth. Green tea interferes with absorption folic acid necessary for the normal development of the baby.

Carbonated drinks can cause active fermentation processes in the intestines, which provokes uterine contractions.

For example, fish is considered enough useful view food, but such varieties of fish as tuna, mackerel, swordfish, must be excluded from your diet during pregnancy. You should also exclude from the diet the use of spicy foods, fried and very fatty.

Continuing the theme of seafood: raw shellfish are prohibited during pregnancy - as a possible source of pathogenic microorganisms that cause poisoning. A similar ban and for the same reason - on sushi: having caught a helminthic infection after eating sushi, then it will be difficult and long to recover. I wanted sushi, well, just “to the point of impossibility”? Then it is better to give preference to rolls with thermally processed products, and ideally, vegetarian sushi (for example, with cucumber). But it is better to cook them yourself, with clean hands and with natural ingredients.

Cheeses - soft (brie, cameber, feta), as well as blue cheese and goat cheese. Cheeses are included in the list of prohibited foods for pregnant women due to a special cooking technology: they are produced on the basis of unpasteurized milk. And the lack of a pasteurization process leads to the fact that bacteria can remain in cheeses that can lead to infection, and, as a result, to miscarriage or premature birth. If cheeses based on pasteurized milk are not allowed for consumption, then, logically, the milk itself is also banned - unpasteurized and unboiled. Such milk is also very likely to contain infections that cause food poisoning.

Poisoning, or even worse - salmonellosis - you can "get it" by eating raw eggs. Therefore, you can not eat either soft-boiled eggs or fried eggs in the form of fried eggs: the yolk and protein must harden during cooking. But quail eggs, to pleasantness, can be eaten raw: it has been proven that salmonella does not “live” in them. But, in any case, you should not abuse the product - after all, eggs are classified as a fairly strong allergen.

Salmonellosis can also be in raw meat, therefore, during pregnancy, all kinds of “tatar steaks”, undercooked shish kebab or steaks, steaks with blood, half-baked liver are unacceptable for eating. It is very desirable to refuse such meat products as ham, cold smoked sausages during pregnancy - they may contain pathogenic bacteria that contribute to infection with listeriosis or toxoplasmosis. For the same reason, it is better to refuse pates (moreover, both meat and vegetable, and fish).

And, of course, do not forget that a pregnant woman is very prone to manifestations of heartburn, which makes itself felt as a consequence of a growing and squeezing internal organs (including the stomach and intestines) of the uterus. To minimize the risk of such an unpleasant phenomenon as heartburn, as well as to prevent the "overload" of the liver and gallbladder, it is worth giving up smoked, fried, fatty and spicy foods and dishes. And in order to avoid edema, as a result of a large load on the kidneys (which during pregnancy already work in an enhanced mode), avoid marinades and pickles.

Define more clearly what pregnant women should not eat on early dates the doctor will help. Since it is he who can advise you to eat certain foods, depending on how the pregnancy proceeds. For example, beets contribute to provoking uterine tone, so if a pregnant woman’s uterus is already in good shape, you can’t eat beets, so as not to worsen the existing situation. Also, with edema that may occur in a woman during pregnancy, salt should not be eaten.

What can not be done during pregnancy?

• Don't get allergic! Due to the direct effect of the food consumed, it is not recommended in in large numbers eat those foods that can cause allergies. Since in the future this allergy may manifest itself in the baby. Foods that can cause allergies include chocolate, tomatoes, oranges, lemons, tangerines, and strawberries. To exclude the use of such products does mean depriving yourself of the pleasure and vitamins contained in them, so you need to use them in small quantities.
• Before using the products, they must be thoroughly washed, this applies to fruits and products such as meat or eggs must be thermally processed. This is necessary in order to get rid of all the bacteria that they may contain and which, if not disposed of, can harm the health of both the baby and his mother.
• Also prohibitions during pregnancy include flying on airplanes and climate change, you can go on vacation only in the first months of pregnancy. Until the 26th week of pregnancy, you can fly on an airplane. At later dates, flights are prohibited, since pressure drops affect the fetus. Low blood pressure can induce labor. For late flights, rare exceptions are made, but only with a written confirmation from a doctor. It is better to just walk a lot in the fresh air.
• It is not advisable for pregnant women to visit a hairdresser. For some women, this is a big stress, they have to endure as much as 9 months. In the early stages, you can go to the hairdresser, you just can’t dye your hair with dyes with a high ammonia content. Since the chemicals that make up the paint, all these substances easily penetrate into the bloodstream, and this is very harmful for mother and child. You should also not use hairspray or other aerosols - they also cause harm when they get into the lungs.
• For a baby, micro-waves emanating from electrical appliances are harmful, this has been proven by scientists for a long time. Therefore, do not talk too long and often in mobile phone unnecessarily. It is also not advisable to sleep in close proximity to the included phone.
• Urinary tract infections are a direct contraindication to taking a bath. Do not dive into the water if you feel the slightest discomfort. Perhaps your body is giving you a signal that you should not take a bath today. If you suddenly feel unwell while taking a bath, do not try to get out of it yourself. You can fall, and in your position it is simply dangerous. In general, pregnant women, especially in the last months of an interesting situation, need helpers who will not let you fall when you climb into or out of the bath. Therefore, try to plan water procedures at a time when you are not alone at home. The water should be warm, but not scalding. An excessive increase in body temperature is contraindicated throughout pregnancy. You should not go to the sauna, solarium, bath. With spa treatments, it is also better to wait a little. But take a bath - please. A warm bath is one of the few pleasures available to an expectant mother during all nine happy months. The water in the bath immediately begins to cool as soon as you pour it. The upper part of the body is usually above the water, does not overheat. However, avoid lying in the bath for too long and try not to immerse yourself in it completely.
• Aromatherapy for pregnant women. Many people like to take a bath with aromatic oils. During pregnancy, this pleasure will have to be abandoned. Any essential oils and strong odors are contraindicated, as they can cause allergies and unpredictable consequences. But it is better to reduce the amount of oils used at least by half. Be sure to tell your doctor about all the fragrances that you usually use. Many oils can be hazardous to the health of your unborn child. Basil, cedar, cinnamon, lemongrass, juniper, patchouli, and cypress oils are especially harmful. They overly invigorate, increase the tone of the uterus, and this can provoke a miscarriage at any time. Your doctor may allow you to occasionally indulge in chamomile, lavender, rosewood, and sandalwood baths, but it's best not to risk it.
• Herbal baths for pregnant women. Pregnant women can and even need to take a bath with herbs. This is the best solution for the expectant mother, who cannot imagine life without a bath. Buy herbs at the pharmacy or collect them in the forest, in the field. You can grow chamomile, calendula, mint on the windowsill yourself. Herbs are added to the bath both fresh and dried. The easiest way is to put the grass in a cloth bag and tie it to the tap while filling the bath with water. Flowing through the bag, the water will bring the juices of useful herbs into the bath.

Want to quickly organize an herbal bath? Buy herbs in bags (for one-time tea leaves), brew a few bags as a tea, add the decoction to a bath of warm water.

Most effective method making a decoction for a bath looks like this. It is necessary to take 2-3 tablespoons of dry grass, pour it with 2-3 liters of boiling water, heat it in a water bath for 15 minutes, and then strain and add to the bath. Whole flowers, stems, leaves can be steeped in boiling water for about an hour and poured into a bath without filtering. This is what a classic herbal bath looks like - it is decorated with floating flowers and leaves.

• Clothing during pregnancy should be loose, do not tighten the waist. From high heels it's better to quit now. First, it is dangerous: the risk of falling increases. Secondly, during this period the center of gravity shifts, the load on the spine increases. And heels enhance it. Therefore, starting from the second half of pregnancy, the risk of all kinds of radiculitis and neuralgia increases, which, of course, is of no use to expectant mothers. From 4-5 months of pregnancy, it is recommended to wear a bandage, on the one hand, it reduces the load on the uterus, the fetus is in a more comfortable position. And on the other hand, the bandage prevents stretching of the abdomen during pregnancy. But only if the child does not feel discomfort at the same time (if the baby does not like something, he will definitely report it, for example, he will start to push inside the tummy). Wearing synthetic underwear, especially thongs, is prohibited. Choose natural cotton panties and special maternity bras.
• Observations and data analysis were carried out in eight Sydney clinics and maternity hospitals. Particular attention was paid to women in late pregnancy. After the studies, doctors said that expectant mothers are categorically not recommended to sleep or lie on their backs. Otherwise, the risk of an unfortunate miscarriage increases 6 times. This is explained by the fact that the presence of a pregnant woman in the supine position or on the right side for a long time leads to a deterioration in the nutrition of the fetus in the womb with maternal blood. Reduced venous blood flow lower extremities to the heart.

According to the Australians, circulatory disorders in the mother's body are responsible for 10% of miscarriages.

• You can not raise your hands when the baby has already taken the correct position.
• You can not lie on your stomach and sit cross-legged.
• Changing cat litter increases the risk of contracting toxoplasmosis. The result can be stunted baby growth, a poorly developing brain, and eye damage to the fetus.
• Do not start repairs during this period - paints and toxins will disappear no earlier than in a year.
• You can not lift weights and do intense physical exercises. If you overexert yourself, you can provoke a miscarriage or childbirth ahead of time.
• Do not use insect sprays. Toxins get into your blood, and from there - to the baby.
• Pregnant women should not go in for sports, especially at a later date, you can simply overdo it. You can do light workouts at home, doing cleaning, cooking, while you need to monitor your breathing, take a breath during exercise, exhale with gradual relaxation. With the help of such techniques, there is an influx of blood to the muscles, and metabolic processes in the body are enhanced. The sports exception only applies to female athletes. Their body is accustomed to constant stress and a sharp rejection of them is more likely to harm. However, even such women should limit the load and not try to set records. And be sure to consult a doctor!
• Pregnant women are prohibited from drinking alcohol, drugs, smoking and being close to a smoking person. If smoke is inhaled, the fetus can develop a cancerous tumor, and smoking can also cause premature birth. Children born to smoking women develop problems with the central nervous system.
• One of the diseases dangerous for pregnant women is rubella. Rubella disease in the first half of pregnancy, when the child's organs are formed, can lead to the development of deformities in the fetus. Therefore, pregnant women should protect themselves from rubella infection, be less in large crowds of people.
• You can use cosmetics, but be careful! The face cream should not contain vitamin A (it is very harmful in large quantities), hydrocortisone (this is a steroid that is dangerous for a child when used daily), benzoyl peroxide. Regarding the gel and body lotion, it is better to choose cosmetics designed specifically for pregnant women. They are safe and contain components designed to minimize the likelihood of stretch marks and breast deformities.
• Is it possible to have sex during pregnancy? It is better to talk about this with your doctor, who should observe you throughout your pregnancy.
• A visit to the solarium is not recommended.
• Do not, under any circumstances, take any medicines! The following medications are categorically contraindicated: Aminopterin, Methyltestosterone, Progestins, Quinine, Thalidomide, Trimethadine, Retinoids (isotretinoin, roanccutane, etretinate, tigazon, acitretin). But it is not full list. You don't need to get any vaccinations.
• In connection with the formation of the skeleton of the unborn child, calcium is needed. If it is not consumed with food, then the pregnant woman's teeth will collapse. Therefore, it is recommended to eat cottage cheese, milk, kefir daily; visit the dentist periodically. Pregnant women are advised to register with the antenatal clinic as early as possible from the moment of pregnancy. After all, only a qualified doctor can monitor the course of pregnancy!
• Important: doctors do not recommend bringing home to the baby strangers within about a month. Your house has its own atmosphere and microflora, the incoming guests have their own. The child should develop immunity to his environment, so you should not gather crowds of people.

We hope these tips help you! We wish health to you and your baby.

Before you had time to announce to your relatives and friends about your interesting position, how did you, in literally words bombarded with tips and signs related to pregnancy? Do not worry, most of the prohibitions and superstitions that cannot be done during pregnancy can be safely discarded.

Another thing is the prohibitions from the field of physiology and medicine: they should not be neglected. Let's go through the most popular prohibitions and figure out what women in position really can't do.

Bad habits

It is not for nothing that smoking, drinking alcohol, and even more so drugs, are called bad habits. Almost everyone should refuse them, and especially women who are carrying a child.

• Smoking. The placenta is unable to protect your baby from cigarette smoke. All toxins and harmful substances through the circulatory system penetrate to the baby and negatively affect the development internal organs;

Delays in the development of the baby, insufficient height and weight, pathology of the pulmonary system - all these are the consequences of smoking cigarettes (for how the baby develops normally, read the article Development of the child in the womb >>>). Nicotine can contribute to placental abruption, fetal fading and can provoke preterm labor.

• Alcohol. Alcohol freely penetrates to the baby through the circulatory system. The systematic abuse of ethanol leads to a growth retardation of the baby, the development of pathologies of hearing and vision, cardiac and skeletal systems;

Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages will be noticeable after the birth of a child, and especially clearly by the age of two: a small head, a flat, sloping face and narrow eyes

• Drugs. A categorical ban on drug use: pathologies of all internal organs, underdevelopment of the skeleton, muscle and bone systems, problems with the kidneys, liver and genitourinary system, heart disease ... This list is endless. But there is one more nuance: a child born from a mother who is a drug addict is already born with a drug addiction.

Smoking, drinking and using drugs is just the categorical list of what not to do during pregnancy. And this is far from a superstition.

Special Menu

The development and well-being of the baby directly depends on what you eat. Undoubtedly, your gastronomic tastes have changed a lot, you are more and more drawn to salty, but this very salty one is often in the taboo zone:

1. preservatives and stabilizers. You need to give up preservatives, as they inhibit the synthesis of proteins, without which the baby simply cannot do;
2. Additives, dyes, flavor enhancers. During pregnancy, you need vitamins and nutrients, and not their chemical substitutes. The way out is to cook yourself from fresh products (read about what to cook and how to eat right in the book Secrets of Proper Nutrition for a Future Mom >>>);
3. Smoked meats and fatty foods. Your body is already undergoing certain stresses, fatty and smoked foods negatively affect the liver and kidneys, the urinary system, and can provoke gastritis (current article: Gastritis during pregnancy >>>). As for smoked meats, be aware that the "liquid smoke" that manufacturers are so fond of can cause cancer;
4. Coffee and black tea. This point is rather controversial. If you are hypotonic and cannot imagine a morning without a cup of aromatic coffee, then you can afford one serving of not strong coffee with cream. But abuse is fraught with dehydration of the body and the removal of calcium from it, which is so necessary for your baby for growth and development. In addition, strong tea and coffee increase blood pressure;

1. Carbonated drinks . You should not drink soda during pregnancy, as it can cause bloating and flatulence. In addition, sugary carbonated drinks contain preservatives and sweeteners. Can lead to an increase in blood sugar and cause allergies;
2. Mushrooms . It is better to give up mushrooms during pregnancy. Since there is a risk of poisoning even with proven mushrooms, and in your position it is not worth the risk;
3. Chocolate. The hormone of happiness in the form of a small piece of chocolate will not hurt you, but in large quantities it can cause allergies. Read an article on the topic Is it possible for pregnant women to have chocolate?>>>.

Lifestyle

You must remember that pregnancy is not a disease, but a state of mind. You should not give up an active life position, but you need to figure out what you can do for pregnant women and what you can’t:

• Physical exercise. It is clear that gravity is now a taboo for you, the maximum load is 5 kg. By the way, it’s good to sign up for specialized fitness for pregnant women - it will help prepare for the upcoming birth, strengthen your back and prevent you from gaining extra pounds;
• Dream. There is a prohibition regarding sleeping positions. During pregnancy, you should not sleep on your back, as the vena cava, which is located under the uterus, can be squeezed;
• Extreme. Adrenaline rush and boost blood pressure- such a result of extreme entertainment;
• Airplane. More often, flights are prohibited, which should not be done in the early stages of pregnancy. There is a risk of miscarriage due to pressure drops. The last weeks of pregnancy are also best time for sky travel. Read more in the article Airplane during pregnancy >>>;
• Sex. If there is a threat of miscarriage or other complications of pregnancy, sex is contraindicated for you. Useful: Sex in the first month of pregnancy >>>

Need to find golden mean between physical activity and rest: you can do housework, but dosed. Where possible - use household appliances - load it at full speed. Laundry, cleaning and cooking during your pregnancy is passed on to your household assistants.

Folk omens

A special column of prohibitions during pregnancy is folk signs and superstitions. Many of them can be explained, but most are dispelled upon closer examination:

The list of prohibitions, signs and superstitions during pregnancy is quite large, but the baby's gestation period is not so long, you can endure it in order to meet your most beloved and long-awaited baby.