The use of nootropic drugs. Nootropics: action, indications, list of modern and effective, reviews. Means similar in structure to vitamins

Currently, many people, especially those living in megacities, regularly experience mental stress. Negative influence poor environmental conditions also affect the organism of the inhabitants of large cities. Stress is far from harmless. Frequent overexertion of the nervous system over time leads to its exhaustion, resulting in more or less pronounced nervous disorders and even mental illness. Exposure to stress factors greatly increases the likelihood of pathologies of the cardiovascular system. On "nervous soil" and often develop.

In a person subject to regular stress, the ability to memorize decreases and cognitive activity worsens. He becomes more irritable and susceptible. For many decades, experts have been trying to find means to prevent and minimize the adverse effects of stress on the human body.

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Nootropics are medicines that improve the ability to remember, stimulate mental activity and make the human brain more resistant to factors such as oxygen starvation, the effects of toxic substances, and even injury.

Note:the first effective nootropic - Piracetam was obtained over half a century ago. It was created by pharmacologists from Belgium. The drug passed extensive clinical trials in 1963.

Work on the creation of new drugs-nootropics is actively underway today. Currently, there are a number of very effective means that increase the functional activity of the brain. They help people cope with psycho-emotional overstrain and stabilize the nervous system.

The nootropic effect is a positive effect on the higher functions of the cortex.

Other positive effects of modern nootropics include:

Note:antiasthenic action is to reduce the feeling of general weakness and lethargy, as well as to minimize the manifestations of mental asthenia. The mnemotropic effect implies an improvement in the ability to remember and learn in general. Under the vasovegetative action is understood the stimulation of blood circulation in the so-called. "brain pool". Nootropic drugs are strong adaptogens that allow the body to adapt to the effects of various (mostly unfavorable) environmental factors.

The latest generation nootropics are able to increase the clarity of consciousness. Modern drugs this class do not provoke psychomotor agitation. They do not cause drug dependence (addiction) and even with prolonged use do not deplete the body's own resources.

Nootropics are able to activate the process of biosynthesis of ribonucleic acid and protein compounds in the central nervous system. They accelerate energy processes in the processes of cells of the nervous system and improve the transmission of nerve impulses. Preparations at the cellular level significantly reduce the formation of free radicals, i.e., have an antioxidant effect. They optimize the utilization of glucose and other polysaccharide compounds. Nootropics are responsible for the formation of proteins and phospholipids in neurocytes, due to which their membranes are stabilized. The drugs of this group increase the concentration of adenylate cyclase in the cells of the nervous system, due to which the ATP process, the main energy base of cells, is normalized. Adenosine triphosphoric acid in conditions of insufficient oxygen supply stabilizes metabolism in the brain.

Important:nootropic drugs increase the level of formation and release of neurotransmitters - serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and acetylcholine.

Classification of nootropic drugs

Nootropics include the means of several clinical and pharmacological groups.

Metabolic stimulants in nerve cells:
- GABA derivatives:

Phenibut;
Aminalon;
Hopantenic acid.
- Pyrrolidone derivatives:
Piracetam;
Phenylpiracetam;
Pramiracetam.

Note:pantothenic acid compounds include the common nootropic Pantogam, and Pyritinol is produced on the basis of vitamin B6.

Products containing dimethylaminoethanol include:

Centrophenoxin;
Acephen.
- Among the drugs with peptides and amino acids are the following drugs:
Actovegin;
Glycine;
Cerebrolysin.

Nootropics that reduce the negative effects of oxygen deficiency include, in particular, Oxymethylethylpyridine succinate.
Vitamin-like preparations and nootropic adaptogens include succinic acid, vitamins E and B15, and an extract from ginseng root.
Vasotropic, i.e., drugs that positively affect cerebral blood vessels, are Vinpocetine, Cinnarizine and Instenon.
To improve memory, tools with a different mechanism of action are used:
- Anticholesterase agents and cholinomimetics:

Choline;
Galantamine;
Amiridin.
- Hormonal preparations:
endorphins;
enkephalins;
ACTH;
Corticotropin.

Indications for the use of nootropic drugs

Drugs of this clinical and pharmacological group are prescribed for such diseases and pathological conditions:

decreased mental and physical activity;
deterioration of mental abilities;
problems with memory and concentration;
neuroinfections (for example, encephalitis or poliomyelitis);
effects on the brain of toxic substances;
consequences of impaired cerebral blood flow;
senile dementia;
encephalopathy and abstinence against the background of regular alcohol abuse;
stuttering;
consequences of TBI (brain damage);
ischemic stroke;
enuresis;
hyperkinesis.

Note:nootropic drugs are used in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal pathology of vascular origin and open-angle glaucoma

Nootropics in Pediatrics

Pediatricians can prescribe nootropics to children suffering from the following pathologies:

delayed speech development;
deviations in general mental development;
mental retardation of varying severity;
defeat at the time of birth (for example, with hypoxia).

Contraindications to the use of nootropics

Nootropics are not prescribed to patients when diagnosing:

hypersensitivity to the active ingredient or intolerance to auxiliary ingredients;
pronounced decrease in the functional activity of the kidneys (acute or chronic renal failure);
hemorrhagic stroke (acute period);
chorea of Hettington (hereditary degenerative disease of the central nervous system).

Important:Nootropics are not prescribed for pregnant and lactating women!

Side effects

The vast majority of patients tolerate nootropic therapy well.

In some cases, the following may develop side effects:

unmotivated feeling of anxiety;
night sleep disturbances;
daytime sleepiness;
increased irritability;
instability of blood pressure;
dyspeptic disorders;
allergy.

Note:in elderly and senile patients, nootropics in rare cases can provoke an increase in the severity of clinical manifestations of coronary insufficiency.

Drugs that are currently most widely used in clinical practice

Piracetam (analogues - Nootropil and Lucetam) It is produced in tablet form for per os administration, as well as in the form of a solution for intramuscular injections and intravenous infusions. The tool improves metabolism in the central nervous system and stimulates cerebral circulation. Piracetam has a negative effect on platelet aggregation, and therefore, in cases of blood clotting disorders, it should be used with caution.

Pramiracetam, which is available in the form of tablets, is characterized by a high degree of affinity for choline. The drug increases cognitive abilities and improves memory. It does not have a sedative (sedative) property. The tool is recommended for long-term course treatment; The effect fully develops after 1-2 months from the start of the intake. Use with caution in patients with renal insufficiency!
Cavinton (analogues - Vinpocetine and Neurovin). The drug is produced by pharmaceutical companies both in the form of tablets and in an injection solution. It improves blood flow in the cerebral vessels. The tool is widely used in neurology, as well as in ophthalmic practice for complex treatment retinal pathologies. It is also effective in improving hearing acuity. Course treatment is recommended for 1-8 months, depending on the nosological form and dynamics. The drug should be canceled by gradually reducing the dose within 4-5 days. In the acute period of the disease, parenteral administration of the solution is indicated; as the condition improves, the injection form is replaced with tablets.

Phenibut (analogues - Noobut and Bifren)- Produced in the form of powder, capsules and tablets. The drug allows you to deal with memory impairment and oxygen starvation of nerve cells. It increases not only mental, but also physical performance, allows you to reduce nervous tension, get rid of anxiety and normalize sleep. Phenibut should be prescribed with caution in parallel with hypnotics and antipsychotics, since the nootropic potentiates their effect. The drug is indicated for a decrease in intelligence and neurosis-like disorders. It is recommended to travelers as a remedy for seasickness and motion sickness. Shown course reception for 1-1.5 months.

Cerebrolysin- has a positive effect in the treatment of serious organic lesions and neurodegenerative pathologies of the central nervous system, including even Alzheimer's disease. The drug is widely used in the complex therapy of the consequences of head injuries and strokes. The tool is produced in the form of an injection solution.

encephabol- for adults it is available in tablets, and for children - in the form of a suspension with a pleasant taste and smell. The drug is a powerful neuroprotector and antioxidant. The tool normalizes behavioral functions and improves cognitive abilities.

Nootropics for adults and children are medicines that have a stimulating effect on learning. They strengthen memory and mental activity. Such funds increase the resistance of the brain to trauma, hypoxia, intoxication. This group has such actions as sedative, antidyskinetic, vasovegetative, mnemotropic and others.

Such drugs are prescribed only by specialists with a decrease in working capacity, sleep disturbances, dizziness, alcoholism and other conditions. Consider the mechanism of action of funds and a list of the best nootropics.

Nootropics: what is it

Nootropic drugs of the new generation are drugs that improve cerebral circulation, the ability to assimilate, and stimulate mental activity. they make the brain more resistant to oxygen starvation and the influence of toxic substances.

A number of substances related to nootropics have a wide spectrum of action. The latest drugs help patients survive psycho-emotional stress, normalize the functioning of the nervous system. When taking this group of funds, nutrition plays an important role. Nootropics increase the resistance of the brain to various adverse effects.

How nootropics work

Natural nootropics can trigger the synthesis of ribonucleic acid and protein compounds in the central nervous system. The drug at the cellular level reduces the appearance of free radicals. The main one is such an action as antioxidant. The main effects of drugs are:

calming;
psychostimulating;
antidepressant;
antiepileptic;
adaptogenic;
mnemotropic;
vasovegetative;
antiparkinsonian;
nootropic;
increased clarity of consciousness and others.

Nootropics of the new latest generation do not cause psychomotor agitation and dependence in patients. They are based on the following processes:

launch of energy processes in neurons;
improving procedures for the processing of polysaccharides;
decrease in the need of nerve cells for oxygen;
suppression of the occurrence of free radicals in cells;
launch of plastic processes in the central nervous system.

New effective nootropics trigger adenylate cyclase, increasing its concentration in nerve cells. Thanks to all the effects, a person's memory, thought processes, attention are strengthened, and the ability to learn increases.

Nootropics for VVD are prescribed to improve the metabolic processes of the nervous tissue and blood supply. But courses of nootropics are only part of complex therapy.

Nootropics and harmful alcohol are incompatible during therapy. Drinking alcohol has a negative effect on the body. Alcohol damages the cells of the nervous system. Stimulants are used to bring the brain into a natural rhythm.

With alcoholism, there will be no therapeutic effect. The drug improves blood flow in the brain, for this reason, alcohol quickly seeps into the tissues and cells of the nervous system. The result is a stronger destructive effect of alcohol.

Indications and contraindications

Modern effective nootropic drugs are prescribed for such problems and autological conditions:

nullification physical activity and mental abilities;
difficulties with concentration and memory;
ischemic stroke;
complications of changes in cerebral blood flow;
stuttering
senile dementia;
neuroinfections;
enuresis;
consequences of TBI.

Important! Medicines can be used in the treatment of such ophthalmic diseases as retinal pathologies of vascular origin, open-angle glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy.

Children's doctors prescribe nootropics of the new latest generation for such ailments:

delayed speech development;
changes in mental development child;
damage to the central nervous system;
mental retardation of varying degrees of manifestation.

Nootropics for children are indicated in case of diagnosing the syndrome.

A nootropic agent cannot be prescribed to patients who have:

hypersensitivity to the components in the composition;
hemorrhagic stroke;
manifested decrease in kidney activity;
bearing a baby and lactation;
chorea of Hettington.

Side effects

Usually, the drug is well tolerated by patients, but in some cases there may be such third-party reactions:

allergic reactions;
night sleep disturbance;
inconsistency in blood pressure;
excessive nervousness;
sleepiness during the day;
dyspeptic pathologies.

In older people, manifestations of coronary insufficiency may become more pronounced. If you take nootropics with severe epilepsy, then seizures may become more frequent.

TOP 9 best nootropics for adults and children: a list of drugs

Consider the best nootropic drugs that can be taken by both adults and children. The best nootropics can improve brain function, human memory, and concentration. After admission, sleep and the general condition of the patient are improved.

Such funds can be released in the form of tablets, syrup, nasal drops. Solutions for intramuscular injection. Drops are instilled into each nasal passage for a long period of time.

Many are interested in the question of which drugs are harmful and which are the most effective and beneficial for the mind. The effectiveness rating is based on patient feedback.

Glycine is used to improve memory and brain function. Glycine has many important functions in the body, primarily in the nervous system. The drug protects against low mental performance, hypertension, aggressiveness, conflict, psycho-emotional stress, bad sleep, bad mood. It is indicated for the complex treatment of craniocerebral injuries, stroke, alcohol poisoning.

The drug is produced in the form of tablets. They should be dissolved, kept under the tongue. The tablets have a sweet taste, so they are well tolerated by children. G Licin is prescribed for such pathologies:

encephalopathy;
traumatic brain injury;
deviant behavior in a child;
ischemic stroke;
prolonged stress;
neuroses and neurosis-like states;
low mental capacity.

With proven efficacy, the drug is prescribed for vegetovascular dystonia. But with dystonia, you will need to consult a doctor.

The drug has practically no prohibitions for use. They are approved for use by infants, women during lactation and pregnancy. You can not use the tool only in case of personal intolerance to the component in the composition.

After taking it, patients noted the following benefits:

cheapness;
no contraindications;
natural components in the composition;
has few side effects.

minus there is a weak efficiency from the application.

Prices for Glycine in online pharmacies:

Phenibut plays an important role in brain activity. Taking the drug normalizes the metabolism of nerve tissues. This means that the cortico-subcortical connections are strengthened, which increases the effectiveness of the interaction between different parts of the cerebral cortex.

Phenibut normalizes the blood circulation of the brain, is useful for memory and attention. Taking the drug helps to improve night sleep, has an antioxidant effect, stimulates the activity of mental processes, and increases the emotional stability of the nervous system. The tool can be used in pediatrics and for the elderly.

Indications for use are:

depression and chronic stress;
changes in the blood supply to the brain;
vestibular disorders;
enuresis;
for the development of speech;
excessive fatigue;
decrease in concentration;
correction of behavior in children;
neuroses;
motion sickness prevention.

The drug should not be given to children under 8 years of age. Also, do not use in case of severe impairment of kidney and liver function.

After taking the drug, the following advantages were noted:

normalizes sleep;
helps with depression;
cheapness.

minus serves what is dispensed with a prescription.

Prices for Phenibut tablets 20 pcs.

Tenoten is the best drug, characterized by anti-anxiety and antidepressant properties. This means that it helps to strengthen the central nervous system. Useful for memory and normal brain function. Does not have a calming effect.

The tool is indicated for use in pediatrics for children with:

moderately pronounced functional lesions of the central nervous system;
anxiety and restlessness;
excessive irritability;
decrease in memory;
chronic stress.

The child tolerates the drug well.

Contraindications are:

personal intolerance;
lactose deficiency;
pregnancy and lactation;
children under 3 years old.

Tenoten adult is not prescribed for children under 18.

The benefits of the drug have been proven and the following advantages have been noted:

opportunity to give to children;
gently affects the nervous system;
absolute compatibility with any other drugs;
does not directly affect the brain;
characterized by good efficiency.

minus is that with strong nervous disorders has no effect.

Prices for Tenoten online pharmacies:

Prices for Tenoten lozenges 40 pcs.

Prices for Tenoten lozenges 20 pcs.

Piracetam is included in the top list of the best drugs. The active ingredient, as it improves its blood supply. The drug belongs to nootropics and helps to improve cognitive functions. Has an effect on the central nervous system. The agent does not cause a vasodilating effect. Its reception helps to improve microcirculation.

The drug is prescribed for:

treatment of memory disorders;
intellectual disabilities in the absence of a diagnosis of dementia;
strong psychoorganic syndrome, accompanied by dizziness.

The tool must not be used when:

component intolerance;
end-stage renal failure;
hemorrhagic stroke;
chorea of Huntington.

plus is a clear work of the brain after taking.

Minus- at high dosages, there is a difference in the physiological state from drowsiness to overexcitation.

Prices for Piracetam online pharmacies:

Prices for Piracetam capsules 400 mg 60 pcs.

Prices for Piracetam tablets 800 mg 30 pcs.

Prices for Piracetam tablets 200 mg 60 pcs.

Prices for Piracetam tablets 400 mg 60 pcs.

Phenotropil is one of the best remedies, which is characterized by a pronounced antiamnesic effect. Taking this drug affects the integrative activity of the brain. The concentration of a person improves. Has a positive effect on metabolic processes and cerebral circulation.

The drug is indicated to be taken with:

diseases of the central nervous system of various nature;
neurotic states that are accompanied by lethargy;
depressive conditions of mild and moderate severity;
psychoorganic syndromes;
convulsive conditions;
for the prevention of alcoholism.

The drug should not be taken in case of personal intolerance to the composition. It is dangerous to use in acute psychotic conditions, atherosclerosis.

The pluses include:

enhances the purposefulness and activity of the body;
increases mental activity and improves brain function.

The disadvantages include:

the high cost of the drug;
the drug has a cumulative effect;
the presence of side effects.

Prices for Phenotropil tablets 100 mg 10 pcs.

Prices for Phenotropil tablets 100 mg 30 pcs.

Prices for Phenotropil tablets 50 mg 10 pcs.

Prices for Phenotropil tablets 50 mg 30 pcs.

Pantogam

Pantogam is characterized by nootropic and anticonvulsant effects. Combines a mild sedative effect with a mild stimulating effect. Improves metabolic processes in alcohol intoxication. Activates mental and physical performance, reduces motor excitability. Able to increase the resistance of the brain to hypoxia.

Adults are prescribed the drug in tablet form. Children are prescribed syrup. The number of drops depends on the patient's disease.

Appointed in such cases:

cognitive impairment in neurotic disorders;
schizophrenia, which is accompanied by cerebral organic insufficiency;
decrease in mental performance;
children with mental retardation;
epilepsy with mental retardation.

The tool should not be used with intolerance to the component, with acute kidney disease, pregnancy and lactation.

The pluses include:

has a mild effect;
practically no side effects.

minus It is believed that extinguishes the nervous system.

Prices for Pantogam online pharmacies:

Prices for Pantogam tablets 250 mg 50 pcs.

Prices for Pantogam active capsules 300 mg 60 pcs.

Prices for Pantogam syrup 100 ml

Prices for Pantogam active capsules 200 mg 60 pcs.

Prices for Pantogam active capsules 300 mg 30 pcs.

Prices for Pantogam tablets 500 mg 50 pcs.

Cortexin

Cortexin is a polypeptide drug that contains the necessary well-chosen composition of polypeptides. It is characterized by a tissue-specific effect on the cerebral cortex. Cortexin normalizes the learning ability of patients, enhances cognitive skills. Improves the functions of the central nervous system after stress and the bioelectric activity of brain cells. The best drug for students.

The list of drugs in this group contains substances that help protect the brain from damage and stimulate nerve cells to restore them to the level of healthy people.

Nootropic, what is it?

The concept of "nootropic drug" was first introduced in the last century by Belgian pharmacologists.

Nootropics are neurometabolic stimulants that activate metabolic processes in the brain, increasing its overall resistance to extreme situations and impacts.

A distinctive factor from psychostimulants is that nootropics are antihypoxants (oppose oxygen starvation of the brain), but they do not negatively affect the human body, do not lead to brain malfunctions, and do not disrupt movement coordination.

In terms of effectiveness, nootropics do not have a hypnotic or analgesic effect on the human body.

Medicines of this group are often of interest to students and people who experience strong intellectual or stressful loads, since the instructions indicate that the drugs contribute to better assimilation of information, quick thinking, improvements in learning and smoothes the effect on the brain during stress and mental stress.

In pharmacology, there is one division of nootropics, into two groups:

What pharmacological group do they belong to?

The nootropic group includes drugs with nootropic action, and they are assigned in pharmacology under the coding (ATC code: N06BX).

The first drug in the group of nootropic drugs is Piracetam.

It was opened back in 1963, and gave a start to their development. The nootropic became the main competitor of psychostimulants, since the side effects from it were not so serious.

Therapy with nootropics does not cause addiction, toxic damage, excitation and exhaustion of the body, inherent in psychostimulants. In the early stages of drug development, it was used to treat brain dysfunction in the elderly.

Fact! In modern pharmacology, Piracetam is listed under the name Nootropil.

The table shows a list of drugs that are most often prescribed in the treatment of nootropics.

Drug derivatives	Kinds
Pyrrolidone derivatives	Piracetam, Polziracetam, Dipracetam, Miracetam, Oxiracetam, Aniracetam, Etiracetam, etc.
	Dimanol, Acetoyumate, Euclidan, Meclofenoxate, Dimethylaminoethanol, etc.
Pyridoxine derivatives	Gutamine, Pyritinol
GABA derivatives	Nicotinol GABA, Phenibut, Pantogam, Gammalon, etc.
Cerebrovascular means	Nicergoline, Vinpocetine, Vincam, Hydergin, etc.
Neuropeptides and analogues	ACTH and its fragments, vasopressins and Oxytocin, Thyroliberin and melanostatin, endogenous opioids.
Antioxidants	2-ethyl-6methyl-3-oxypyridine, ionol, metadoxyl.
Various substances with a nootropic component	Etimizole, Orotic acid, Methylglucoorotate, Oxylithacil, Naftidrofuryl, Ginseng, Lemongrass, etc.

The mechanism of action of nootropics

Most drugs of the nootropic group act on neurotransmitters (substances that promote the interaction of nerve cells with each other).

Nootropic therapy affects acetylcholine (which carries out neuromuscular transmission), serotonin (hormone of happiness), dopamine (the precursor of norepinephrine, is a necessary part of the "reward system" of the brain, as it induces a feeling of pleasure, which affects the processes of motivation and learning) and norepinephrine ( one of the most important mediators of wakefulness).

Modern nootropics improve the joint work of the left and right hemispheres, and the main centers located in the cerebral cortex.

The nootropic effect can prolong life and rejuvenate the body.

Also, these drugs protect nerve cells from deformation and eliminate oxygen starvation, stimulate metabolic processes and simply improve blood circulation in brain tissues.

Different drugs of the nootropic group can have different effects on the body, it all depends on the group to which the drug belongs.

Among them:

Preparations	Action on the body
Amino acids and substances that affect the excitatory amino acid system	The best tools for doing various things in stressful conditions
Cerebrovascular means	One of the most effective remedies is Ginkgo Biloba, a tree extract. plant origin. The best drug to increase the resistance of the brain to negative influences
similar to vitamins	The most commonly prescribed is Idebenone - the best remedy to stimulate blood circulation in the brain
Polypeptides and organic composites	The components of these drugs are amino acid peptides. For the development of nerve cells, the brain uses proteins similar to them. The action of these nootropics is aimed at the growth and maintenance of neurons, which improves memory and helps to concentrate more focused on one task.
Pyrrolidine derivatives	The most common type is Piracetam. The action of the drug is aimed at improving blood circulation and activating metabolic processes in the brain cavity. The substance contributes to the activation of the work of neurotransmitters.
Pyridoxine derivatives	The main remedy is Pyritinol, which enhances blood circulation and metabolic processes in the brain cavity.
Neuropeptides and similar agents	Such drugs have found their way into use in ambulances, emergency services, and stroke therapy. There is no exact definition of the mechanism of action, but the instruction says that it acts "originally".
Derivatives of dimethylaminoethanol	They act on acetylcholine, improving memory processes. Effective in teaching.
Derivatives and analogues of gamma-aminobutyric acid	Helps deal with stressful situations. They have a calming effect, but do not inhibit the reaction, as in conventional sedative therapy.
2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives	They increase the saturation of brain cells with oxygen and counteract extreme influences on the brain and intellectual stress.

Fact! It may take from a couple of days to a couple of weeks to initiate biochemical processes in the brain, depending on the drug used. This explains the fact that nootropics are used in courses. It does not make sense to drink pills immediately before brain loads, you need to start using them about a month in advance.

What effect do nootropics have?

The impact on the above mechanisms in the brain makes it possible to conclude that the following positive effects on the body and its systems are:

Vasovegetative action characterized by the acceleration of blood circulation and the elimination of the main signs of neurocircular dystonia;
Antihypoxic action due to the formation of increased resistance of brain cells to oxygen starvation;
Antidepressant action. Separate nootropics are prescribed for depression, and are aimed at counteracting it;
Psychostimulating action due to stimulation of the functioning of the brain in people with mental disorders suffering from apathy, motor retardation;
Antiepileptic action characterized by the fact that it prevents convulsions, confusion and its complete loss, as well as the prevention of behavioral disorders and the autonomic system;
Action with a sedative effect characterized by a calming effect;
Nootropic action directed to the stimulation of cognitive activity;
Antitoxic action e is neutralization, or removal from human body toxins;
Adaptogenic action due to the development of the body's resistance to the influence of negative factors;
Immunostimulating action characterized by strengthening the immune system and increasing the overall resistance of the body;
Lipolytic action due to the use of fatty acids as an energy source.

Note! Nootropics, in most cases, are prescribed for the elderly and children. This is explained by the fact that in old age it is necessary to correct deviations in the functionality of intellectual activity (memory, attention). Appointment in childhood occurs in the fight against violations of the intellectual development of the child.

Is it dangerous to treat nootropics and are they harmful?

Drugs in this group rarely show side effects, so there are almost no contraindications for them.

The consequences of using nootropics can range from headaches and dizziness to overexcitation of the nervous system.

But since they are not pathologically dangerous, the catalog of drugs can be prescribed to almost any patient.

The most serious and common side effect is withdrawal.

It can occur with a sharp cessation of the use of medicines, which leads to the suffering of the body.

Its most common manifestations can be in headaches, lethargy, aggressiveness, sleep loss, dizziness, etc. that is why the termination of the course of treatment occurs with a gradual decrease in the drugs used.

The main side effects noted with nootropics are listed below:

Indications for the use of nootropics

The main indications for the appointment of nootropics and their therapy are as follows:

Contraindications to the use of nootropics are:

hemorrhagic stroke;
Severe kidney pathology;
The period of bearing and feeding a child;
Insufficiency of the kidneys, or liver;
Clearly manifested psychomotor agitation;
Sensitivity to the active substances of the drug.

Most Common Nootropics

Medicines of nootropic therapy are divided into groups of new and old generation. The latter include medicines that were discovered a long time ago, even at the start of neurostimulators. These are production forms from Piracetam.

These drugs are:

Pramiracetam;
Aniracetam;
Oxiracetam;
Isacetam;
Etiracetam;
detiracetam;
Nefiracetam.

After the nineties of the twentieth century, there was new round in the history of the development of nootropics. New drugs are distinguished by a selective effect on individual functions of the body.

The most commonly prescribed new generation drugs are:

Pantogam- the most effective nootropic agent, often used for treatment in childhood. The main active ingredient is vitamin B15, which is found in almost all plant substances;
Phenibut is prescribed for a state of general weakness, neuroses, sleep disturbances and deviations in the normal functioning of the vestibular apparatus. The interaction of Phenibut helps children overcome stuttering and various tics. This drug normalizes metabolism, stimulates mental processes (memory, attention, etc.), and also has an antioxidant effect. This preparation practically does not contain toxins and does not cause allergies;
Phezam is a nootropic prescribed in combination with other drugs for malfunctions of blood circulation in the brain cavity. This drug eliminates the effects of oxygen starvation, helps with headaches, migraines, dizziness and memory loss. Long courses of treatment are prescribed for stroke, traumatic brain injury and inflammation of the membranes and tissues of the brain;
Piracetam is a classic remedy prescribed to improve metabolic processes in the brain. Effectively treats dizziness, improves memory, and treats encephalopathy in childhood. The drug quickly removes the negative effects of excessive use alcoholic beverages. It is used for viral neuroinfections and as one of the drugs for recovery after the death of heart muscle tissue. The drug is sold both in tablets and in ampoules, solutions, syrups and capsules, which helps to choose the most comfortable shape applications;
Cinnarazine- a drug of the nootropic group, which helps to expand the walls of cerebral vessels and helps to increase their size without violating blood pressure indicators. Nootropil cinnarizine is effective drug against motion sickness, as well as suppression of nystagmus. The drug helps to stop high blood pressure, sensation of tinnitus, general weakness, pain in the head, restores normal sleep, removes aggressiveness, etc .;
Actovegin- a drug of the nootropic group, aimed at combating oxygen starvation of the brain, restoring metabolic processes, and contributing to the rapid healing of wounds. The drug is available in tablets and in the form of an ointment or cream;
Cerebrolysin is a nootropic used in combination with other drugs. This drug has passed all the tests, and confirmed its safety and effectiveness. Stimulates mental activity and improves mood. Long-term use of the drug improves memory processes, increases concentration and the ability to learn.

What actions will help you recover faster and keep your body in good shape?

Preventive actions in order not to come to the use of nootropics are:

Compliance with the regime of the day with proper rest and sleep (at least 8 hours);
Proper nutrition should be balanced and versatile, with a large amount of vitamins and nutrients;
Maintaining water balance (at least 1.5 liters of pure water per day) will help the blood not to thicken and circulate normally;
Avoid stressful situations, psycho-emotional and intellectual overload;
Quit smoking, alcohol and drugs;
Get a full check-up once a year.

Conclusion

Preparations of the nootropic group are effective means used to improve the functioning of brain processes.

It is especially effective to take them in courses, in advance of intellectual or psycho-emotional stress.

A wide range of drugs and a low chance of side effects make drugs affordable and effective. In order to prevent burdens, it is better to consult a qualified doctor.

Among physicians, nootropics are known as neurometabolic stimulants (smart drugs in the West).

They are used in many areas of medicine - neurology, psychology, surgery and others.

Nootropic drugs that improve nutrition and blood circulation of the brain belong to the category of drugs that improve the activity of higher mental functions of the brain:

memory;
perception;
speech;
thinking.

Pharmacological group

Nootropics are assigned to a separate pharmacological group (ATX code: N06ВХ).

The first open nootropic is considered (1963), which gave rise to a branch of "racetomes". He became the main competitor for psychostimulants, but at the same time did not have side effects (addictive, exhaustion, psychomotor agitation, intoxication), which the latter sinned. The new synthesized drug improved memory, attention, helped to concentrate better. At the dawn of its existence, the new drug was used to treat brain dysfunction in the elderly.

In 1972, a new designation was proposed - "nootropic". Piracetam is now known by the trade name . However, its mechanism of action is still not fully understood.

What is the therapeutic effect of drugs of the group

It ensures the work of the following mechanisms, due to which a positive effect is achieved from taking nootropics:

supports the energy structure of the neuron;
improves the main and conductive functions of the central nervous system;
activates the plastic function of the central nervous system;
improves metabolic processes (utilization of glucose);
stabilizes cell membranes;
reduces the neuron's need for oxygen;
has a neuroprotective effect.

Pharmacological properties and mechanism of action

The active substances of nootropics penetrate well through the myelin barrier of nerve fibers. In the neuron, there is an increase in metabolism, bioenergetic and bioelectrical processes, and neurotransmitter exchanges are accelerated.

In the nerve cell, the concentration of adenylate cyclase, norepinephrine increases; ATP is more actively produced (even in conditions of lack of oxygen), GABA, dopamine. The work and release of the serotonin mediator is faster, glucose is more efficiently utilized.

Due to these processes, the body receives a stimulating effect in relation to cognitive functions, for which nootropics received the additional name "cognition stimulants". In addition to positive changes in the nerve cell, neurostimulators improve microcirculation and blood flow in the brain.

Result of action and expected effect

Nootropic action leads to the following effects:

the mental function is activated;
memory improves;
consciousness is cleared;
increased physical strength;
there is an antidepressant effect;
there is a sedative effect;
fat burning occurs;
immunity is strengthened;
operational readiness is activated.

Classification of modern nootropics

Known great amount developed nootropics around the world ( full list contains up to 132 items). In pharmacology, the following groups of drugs have been synthesized, which are subdivided according to their chemical composition:

Group of the pyrrolidine series("racetams"): Etiracetam; Oxiracetam; Pramiracetam.
Group derived from dimethylaminoethanol: Phenotropil; Deanol aceglumate; Meclofenoxate.
GABAergic: ; Picamilon; Phenibut.
Pyridoxine derivative group: Pyritinol; Biotredin.
Neuropeptides: Noopept; Semax; Selank.
Polypeptides: ; Cerebrolysin; Cerebramin.
Amino acids: ; Biotredin.
Group derived from 2-mercantobenzimidazole: ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide (Bemitil).
Vitamin: Idebenone.

Drugs of the old and new generation

Nootropics are also divided into old and new generation groups. Old generation nootropics include drugs, discovered at the dawn of the synthesis of neurostimulators. This is the so-called. derivatives of the first open nootropic - ("racetams"). These include:

Oxiracetam;
Aniracetam;
Etiracetam;
Pramiracetam;
Dupracetam;
Rolziracetam;
Cebracetam;
Nefiracetam;
Isacetam;
Detiracetam.

With the advent of the 90s of the 20th century. opens a new page in the history of the development of nootropics. Modern drugs have a more flexible selective action and fewer side effects. Here is a list of the most popular new generation nootropics:

Phezam(improvement of cerebral circulation, protein and energy metabolism, has a vasodilating effect);
Phenylpiracetam(recovery after, improving attention, concentration, memory, improves the transfer of information between the hemispheres, anticonvulsant effect);
Noopept(restoration of memory and other lost cognitive functions, relief of anxiety, treatment of headaches);
Selank(relieves anxiety and stress, increased mental capacity, mood lift).

What is good for a Russian is death for a German

In the post-Soviet space, nootropics are associated with drugs that enhance "brain metabolism". However, in addition to the nootropic, these drugs also have a number of other therapeutic effects. Therefore, brain stimulants are also used as medicines for diseases of the brain.

Group drugs can be prescribed for the following disorders:

Basically, such treatment is experimental in nature and often leads to side effects and increased symptoms of certain diseases.

Consider the indications and contraindications for use for the most popular drugs in this group.

Piracetam

It is structurally similar to GABA. It has a neuroprotective and vascular effect. Indications for the use of piracetam:

cerebrovascular disease;
atherosclerosis of the brain;
coma;
violations of memory, attention,;
cardiac ischemia;
viral;
chronic alcoholism and drug addiction.

Despite the fact that in Western medicine this remedy is not medicinal, in Russia piracetam began to be used for therapeutic purposes in a number of diseases:

recovery after;
Down syndrome.

Contraindications to the use of the drug:

hypersensitivity to the drug;
violation of the kidneys;
pregnancy;
children's age up to 1 year;

New generation nootropic, which belongs to the group of so-called. "racetams". Stimulates motor reactions (similar to doping). It has an anticonvulsant and antiasthenic effect. Indications for use:

Contraindications for use: individual intolerance.

Semax

Domestic development belonging to the group of neuropeptide nootropics. Applies to the following cases:

increased adaptive capacity under stress;
prevention of psycho-emotional overload;
deterioration in concentration;
memory impairment;
recovery after craniocerebral operations;

There are the following contraindications:

hypersensitivity to nootropic components;
acute mental illness;
anxiety;
convulsions.

Side effects

Nootropics are a double-edged sword when it comes to brain function. Their reception in compliance with all instructions will have a beneficial effect. However, if you deviate even a step from the prescriptions of doctors, this can lead to an increase in the symptoms of the disease for which the drug is prescribed, or it can have a negative effect on cognitive functions.

Consider the pronounced side effects on the examples of the most popular drugs:

Piracetam. Side effects caused by this drug: deterioration of intellectual abilities; increased dementia; increased anxiety and irritability; sleep disturbance or drowsiness; decreased concentration; violation of the digestive tract (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).
. Side effects caused by this drug are as follows: insomnia; psychomotor agitation; hyperemia of the skin; increase in pressure; feeling of warmth.
Semax. No side effects were found, except for irritation of the nasal mucosa with frequent use vial.

Application features

The thoughtless use of drugs of this group can lead to sad consequences. Therefore, the use of nootropics must be approached responsibly.

It should be remembered that a drug that stimulates brain activity should be used only after certain conditions are met.

The first thing to do is to consult with a neurologist. After a positive verdict is received from the doctor, you should prepare your body for taking the nootropic.

This preparation consists in a kind of laying the foundation on which the building of the effective action of the brain stimulator will be erected. This foundation is the vitaminization of the body, in which the right substances when taking a nootropic, they will reach the brain at the molecular level faster and more efficiently, which will allow the stimulant to be better absorbed. Vitaminization includes the following substances and natural complexes:

iron;
chlorophyll;
lecithin;
grapeine;
omega 3;
pycnogenol.

Dosages and schemes for taking nootropics from the TOP-3

The nuances of the use and dosage of popular nootropics.

He was the first

The beneficial effects of Piracetam appear only after long-term use. Excretion from the body through the kidneys. The course is 6-8 weeks at 1200-1400 mg / day.

Reception methods:

inside;
intramuscularly;
intravenously.

Release form:

capsules;
solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration;
oral solution;
syrup;
pills.

After taking Phenotropil is quickly absorbed by the body and penetrates into all tissues. Excretion from the body is carried out through the kidneys and liver.

Reception methods:

inside;
orally.

Release form:

tablets 50 mg;
tablets 100 mg.

Domestic development

How to take Semax:

inside;
intranasally.

Release form: dropper bottle.

Golden Ten

Based on the reviews, we have compiled a list of the best nootropic drugs according to the people:

Efficiency not proven?

The attitude of the luminaries of medicine to nootropics is fanned with doubts and uncertainty. Countless clinical trials of nootropics are still being conducted, but this pharmacological group has not been able to gain a foothold in the status of drugs with proven efficacy.

Observations of specialists made it possible to draw a number of more or less stable conclusions regarding the following drugs:

What is there for children?

For children, there are special granules for making syrup. In pediatric practice, cases of the use of nootropics are known in cases of the following disorders:

cerebrosthenic;
encephalopathic;
memory impairment;
intellectual retardation.

Indications for the use of nootropics in childhood:

delayed intellectual development;
stress;
depression.

(stimulating);
Picamilon (stimulant);
Phenibut (sedative);
(sedative).

For many years, specialists from various fields related to medicine have been trying to create a remedy that relieves the effects of nervous overexcitation and exhaustion. Modern life exposes the human nervous system to endless overloads. The most susceptible organs are the first to suffer: the brain and nervous system. The consequences of such an impact on a person are manifested in the deterioration of memory, the development of cardiovascular diseases, and the decrease in the cognitive capabilities of the individual. The way out of the situation was the emergence of nootropic drugs.

Many patients ask, nootropic drugs - what is it? These are modern medicinal psychotropic drugs that improve the mental activity of the human body, making the brain more resistant to various influences on it, even as a result of traumatic brain injuries.

Description of the problem

The body cannot independently cope with constant adverse effects, such as the environmental situation worsening from year to year, stress, physical and mental overstrain, negative phenomena in political and economic life. Difficulties associated with poor brain function and disorders of the nervous system are characteristic of different age categories. In young children, these are the consequences of frequent birth injuries, oxygen starvation even in the womb or during childbirth.

During schooling, study loads increase, posture changes, and hormonal changes begin in adolescence. All this negatively affects cerebral circulation, the general condition of the child, and the psycho-emotional state. The unstable psyche of the child sometimes fails. The adult population has even more difficulties. Diseases, such as osteochondrosis, thrombosis, all kinds of injuries, tumors, are added to life's difficulties and troubles.

In older people, the body is very "worn out", so the resistance to external factors is minimal. The likelihood of strokes, atherosclerosis, neoplasms increases. To solve such problems, nootropic drugs have been created.

Nootropics

The modern term "nootropic" has, oddly enough, a very ancient origin. His homeland Ancient Greece. Literally translated, "the desire to think." Among the Greeks, indeed, there were many unique thinkers-philosophers. They valued wisdom and willingly shared their knowledge with the youth.

In nature, there are substances that can be called the original nootropics - this is the substance choline, which is found in a lot in foods such as fish, eggs. After eating a meal rich in protein, serotonin is produced in the brain, which is responsible for a good mood, pleasure, and a sense of the joy of life. The brain starts to work better.

The first artificially created nootropic appeared in the 60s of the 20th century in Belgium and became a real discovery in medicine. It was well known today in different countries under various names, the nootropic drug Piracetam. Having received positive results after using a nootropic drug, scientists did not stop at this remedy alone. Developments have continued in many countries and are ongoing. Currently, in the group of nootropic drugs, there are several dozen drugs that have passed clinical trials and a dozen being tested.

The action of drugs

The main task of nootropics is to influence the elements by which nerve cells communicate with each other. All these neurotransmitters must be actively working, which is not always the case. Sometimes there are situations that interfere with the movement of cells. Nootropic drugs give them activity, making it easier for the brain to work. The most rapidly destroyed and slowly restored cells are nerve cells. Nootropic drugs help protect them, provide oxygen and increase blood flow to the tissues.

Nootropic drugs contain substances that activate the process of biosynthesis of RNA and protein compounds in the human central nervous system. They are accelerators of energy processes in the cellular processes of the nervous system, help reduce the number of free radicals, as a result of which they neutralize the negative effect of oxidants. Nootropic drugs help optimize the removal of polysaccharides, which means they improve metabolic processes in the body. They are responsible for the formation of phospholipids and proteins in neurocytes, strengthening their membranes.

Important! By improving blood microcirculation and metabolic processes in brain cells, nootropic drugs work only in tissues with pathologies and do not affect healthy ones. In a word, nootropic drugs are suitable for both sick people for treatment and healthy people for health promotion.

Among this type of nootropic drugs, there are those whose effectiveness is still doubtful. Research on them is ongoing, but drugs are actively used. For example, the nootropic drug Phenotropil. Found application in sports as a stimulant of strength for athletes. Given that doping is banned in the sports world, some pharmaceutical companies are releasing a nootropic drug under other names.

Expected effect

Based on the action of nootropic drugs, the expected effect is primarily associated with an increase in the cognitive capabilities of the body. It is not for nothing that nootropic drugs are called “cognition stimulants”. The human brain under the influence of nootropic drugs becomes more active and receptive to learning new things, memory improves, speech capabilities develop. In addition, the body receives additional sources to strengthen the immune and nervous systems.

Moreover, nootropics help burn fat. It has a particularly positive effect on children and the elderly. Increase in children Creative skills, intellectual activity, learning opportunities are enhanced. In older people, nootropic drugs restore mental impairment.

Human life is very important these days. The world does not stand still and requires the same from a person: mobility, endless movement. If the body is exhausted, a person feels constant weakness and lethargy, he cannot lead an active lifestyle, falls out of the general flow. This further depresses the psyche of the individual. Nootropic drugs have such a necessary anti-asthenic effect, making a person an active participant in a stormy modern life. They have a neuroprotective effect, i.e. they regulate metabolic processes.

AT modern science There is no single established opinion regarding the impact of nootropics on the body. There are many positive opinions and many negative opinions. No medicine can be a complete panacea.

Nootropics won't make anyone smarter or save them from exams. It would be amazing if a pill could modify an intellect that doesn't exist. In addition to treatment, there must also be diligence. The effect of each nootropic drug is very individual. Someone says that the new remedy helped a lot, while another claims that the nootropic drug was pointless. Much depends on the organism, the type of human activity, his attitude to life and many other factors. You can argue endlessly about what nootropics can do. Time will show the truth. One thing is certain, nootropic drugs will help overcome certain difficulties. To accept them or not, to believe or doubt, depends on the patient.

In the United States and some Western European countries, nootropics are not treated as medicines. AT scientific literature in the West, nootropics are called “cognitive enhancers” and are classified as dietary supplements. Although, they are used very actively.

Classification

There are many types of nootropic drug classifications. Each is based on a specific criterion. Let's look at two main ones.

Among nootropic drugs, drugs of the old and new generations can be distinguished (according to the time of study and production). The nootropic drugs of the old generation include the previously mentioned Pirocetam derivatives. They are called "racetams". Here you can call "Etiracetam", "Isacetam", "Oxiracetam" and many others. They have a wider scope.

In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, many new, more effective nootropic drugs were created. The most popular of them are Phezam, Noopept, Selank, Phenylpiracetam. These nootropics, unlike the previous ones, have a narrower effect and do not solve all problems at once. They contain 2 or more complementary substances. Plant extracts and plant extracts are added to them.

Nootropic drug " Phezam"expands blood vessels, improving cerebral circulation, stimulates the activity of the brain departments responsible for hearing and vision. Helps to quickly restore the vital functions of the brain after a stroke.

Nootropic drug " Noopept» restores memory and enhances cognitive abilities. Normalizes the activity of the autonomic nervous system. The nootropic drug has a withdrawal syndrome.

Nootropic drug Selank» improves mood, raises vitality, relieves anxiety and stress.

« Phenylpiracetam» is perfect for stroke survivors.

Nootropic drug vitrum memory”is a vitamin complex designed for older people with mental disabilities. Available in capsules.

Nootropic drug "Etiracetam"

Since the late 90s of the last century, US medical institutions have begun to use a completely new nootropic drug with antiepileptic effects. In the early 2000s, the drug appeared in Russia. According to Wikipedia, this remedy has nootropic activity.

There is another classification of funds, according to which they can also be divided into 2 groups: “true” nootropic drugs that have one, classic effect, improving memory and speech. And "neuroprotectors" with a whole range of effects.

Indications for use

Initially, nootropic drugs were used only to treat senile problems, since it was believed that the brain does not work as it should only in mature years. Over time, having studied their impact in more detail, the scope has expanded significantly.

Nootropic drugs are prescribed for the following pathologies:

decline in mental and physical capabilities;
weakening of the ability to think;
memory impairment and decreased concentration;
infections affecting the nervous system;
aging processes;
violation of speech functions;
ischemic stroke;
traumatic brain injury;
enuresis;
effects of toxic substances on the brain;
ophthalmic diseases (glaucoma, retinal pathology);
dizziness, migraine;
epileptic disorders;
chronic alcoholism.

Interesting! Nootropic drugs were part of the mandatory neurostimulants for preparing Soviet cosmonauts for flights.

Nootropic drugs are actively and effectively used in pediatrics to treat the following disorders in children:

delayed speech development;
mental retardation;
birth lesions of the central nervous system;
deviations in the development of the psyche;
increased level of anxiety;
attention deficit disorder.

Contraindications for use

Speaking about the use of nootropic drugs, as well as other drugs, one cannot but answer the question of how dangerous these drugs are and whether they are harmful.

The negative impact of nootropics has not been recorded. Although, like any medication, nootropic drugs can have side effects. In some patients, an individual reaction to the drug was noted, expressed in sleep disturbance at night, drowsiness during the day, allergic reactions, reactions from gastrointestinal tract, jumps in blood pressure. Some nootropic drugs can cause a state close to alcohol intoxication. Most side effects occur with long-term use of drugs or overdose. To eliminate such effects, it is enough to stop taking the nootropic drug.

Do not prescribe nootropic drugs to patients with the following developmental features:

individual intolerance to individual components of the nootropic drug;
serious violations of kidney function;
hemorrhagic stroke in the acute period;
hereditary degenerative diseases of the central nervous system;
pregnancy and lactation period.

Release form

Nootropic drugs can be produced in tablets and capsules for taking with liquid, sublingual tablets (glycine), injection solutions, syrups (pantogam), oral solutions. Most of them have a dual option: tablets and injections. What to choose depends on the characteristics of the body, the course of the disease, the patient's personal predilection and the doctor's prescriptions.

Admission rules

Taking nootropic drugs should not be uncontrolled. Any medicine can become poison. This must be remembered. Before taking a nootropic drug by mouth or injecting with a nootropic drug, a consultation with a doctor is required. Since the scope of nootropic drugs is wide, you can consult with specialists from a wide variety of medical professions: therapist, cardiologist, neurologist, pediatrician.

More often than others, psychiatrists and narcologists work with nootropic drugs. Appointment made, further on sensations. The medicine has gone, we continue treatment with nootropic drugs. Not accepted by the body, stop taking.

Important! The therapeutic effect of the use of most nootropic drugs does not occur immediately. They have a cumulative effect.

Piracetam

Nootropic drug Piracetam. Until now, it is one of the most popular means. The nootropic drug is produced in two dosage forms: tablets and solution for injection. Well normalizes metabolic processes in the brain, which means it helps to improve memory. This is one of the cheapest nootropic drugs in this group. Piracetam can be called "ambulance" for the removal of alcohol syndrome.

Pros of a nootropic drug:

protects the brain from oxygen starvation and stress;
helps with increased mental stress.

Minuses: Cannot be used for cerebral hemorrhage and renal failure.

Cavinton (Vinpocetine, Neurovin)

Nootropic drug can be in the form of tablets and injections. It is actively used in ophthalmology and neurology. The nootropic drug improves hearing acuity well.

Pros:

universal means of a wide spectrum of action;
well tolerated by persons of any age.

Minus the nootropic drug: when administered intravenously, it is administered very slowly.

Pantogam

The main active ingredient of the nootropic drug is hopantenic acid. Available in the form of syrup with cherry flavor. It has been successfully used in the treatment of many disorders in children.

Pros: It combines a light stimulating effect and a mild sedative effect. Minus one, not recommended for violations of kidney function.

Semax

Is it easy to guess that simple nasal drops can improve the mind. But in this case it is. The nootropic drug Semax is administered intranasally, due to which it quickly overcomes the blood-brain barrier and acts for 24 hours. Practically does not side effects.

Phenibut (Noobut, Bifren)

A nootropic drug can be in the form of tablets, powder, capsules. Fights memory impairment, normalizes sleep, relieves anxiety. Indispensable during travel suffering from "seasickness".

The negative side of the nootropic drug: enhances the effect of alcohol

Glycine

The nootropic drug comes in the form of sublingual tablets. Especially popular with young students. The main "folk" assistant, which has a very low price, but is able to compete with the most expensive nootropic drugs. It is a purified amino acid construction material for protein. It is well tolerated by everyone and in any situation when the brain is “tired”. It has no side effects and there is no overdose.

The downside of a nootropic is that it's not strong enough.

encephabol

Tablets for adults, suspension for children. The nootropic drug improves learning abilities, corrects behavioral functions.

Phenotropil

The nootropic drug has an anti-amnestic character, improves mood. It does not have a cumulative effect, it begins to act after the first dose. Beneficial effect on vision.

Minuses: Can boost blood pressure. Nootropics are expensive. It is released in pharmacies by prescription. Not suitable for treating children.

There is one effect of a nootropic drug that is difficult to define as negative or positive. Phenotropil suppresses appetite. On the one hand, it's good. Can fight with overweight and obesity. But, on the other hand, the desire not to gain extra pounds can end in anorexia.

Azafen

The nootropic drug eliminates depressive manifestations, helps to cope with negative environmental factors.

disadvantages: dispensed by prescription. May cause side effects: insomnia, increased appetite.

The release form of the nootropic drug is capsules. The main property is to increase the ability to learn. The price is quite high.

Thiocetam

A big plus of the nootropic drug is that it helps to get rid of alcohol intoxication. It helps to overcome speech disorders. The nootropic drug has an average price, it is quite affordable for consumption.

"Orocetam"

The nootropic drug is administered intravenously. Helps to fight severe intoxication of the brain. The price is not great.

The nootropic drug is a combination of the well-known "Pirocetam" and "Thiotriosalin".

Properties of drugs

These are the main medicines presented on Russian market medical facilities.

How not to get confused in such a variety and get exactly what is right for a particular person? First, a mandatory consultation with a doctor. Secondly, there is no absolutely universal nootropic drug. It is important to understand what exactly needs to be done. You need an antidepressant, so Acephen will do. Interested in the cumulative effect, buy the nootropic drug Nootropil, aka Piracetam. For children, Glycine is safe with a good sedative effect. It will be best of all to contribute to the elimination of memory gaps "Phenotropil". Several actions are combined by the nootropic drug "Semax".

Prospects for Nootropics

Scientists believe that nootropics have a great future. They will be able to influence the most difficult object of study, human brain. Its possibilities are huge and beyond. Humanity, even now, does not yet know everything about the possibilities of the brain. If you expand his abilities, maintain efficiency throughout his life, then you can create a person of the future with opportunities that we can only dream of and read about in fantastic works.

The body and brain will be able to do what is not yet possible. The gray matter is formed within 18 years and only then begins to work with full dedication. The time of its active activity is very short. When scientists understand why this happens and can control these processes, then the superman will appear. Whether this is a fantasy or really feasible, time will tell.