Today I want to talk about proper digestion. A well-functioning digestive system is the cornerstone of health and well-being, which is why it is so important to monitor its condition. Making the right food choices is the best way to keep your system running smoothly and getting the most out of what you eat. Digestion converts the food you eat into the energy your body needs to function efficiently and fight disease. The ability to extract the maximum amount of nutrients from food also depends on the state of the digestive system.
In 400 BC Hippocrates wrote that "poor digestion is the root of all evil." Most people perceive their digestive system as something given and remember it only when something goes wrong. A significant proportion of people suffer to some extent from diseases of the digestive tract. However, this should not be taken as something inevitable, there are simple ways to keep digestion normal.
good digestion
The intake of nutrients in the body depends not only on what we eat, but also on how fully the body digests and absorbs food. To provide enough nutrients, the digestive system must break down food into molecules that the body can easily use.First of all fiber
Fiber passes through the digestive tract almost unabsorbed, but nevertheless it plays a crucial role in maintaining vigor and health. Fiber increases the volume of feces and facilitates their passage through the intestines.
In the early 1970s, doctors discovered that African villagers rarely suffered gastrointestinal diseases widely used in Western countries. Problems such as constipation, hemorrhoids, colon cancer, and diverticulitis (inflammation of a diverticulum—a distended wall of the esophagus or intestines as a result of straining to push through digested food) were virtually unknown.
Doctors have concluded that typical African food, which consists mainly of natural, unprocessed products, contains four times more fiber than European food. Food rich in fiber passes through the intestines much faster, the resulting feces have a larger volume, softer texture and are more easily excreted from the body. Further, it was experimentally confirmed that people who consume fiber in abundance have a lower risk of colon cancer.
Hard and soft
The walls of plant cells contain a number of complex compounds. There are two types of these compounds - insoluble and soluble. Majority food products plant origin contain both those and others, but in different proportions.
Insoluble fiber speeds up the passage of decay products in the body. This is thought to be very important in preventing bowel cancer, mainly by reducing the time that carcinogens are in the digestive system.
Good sources of insoluble fiber are whole grains, wheat, bran, whole grain bread, pasta, brown rice, nuts, seeds, and vegetables such as artichokes and beans, parsnips, broccoli, and legumes.
Soluble compounds play an active role in lowering blood cholesterol levels. When fats are digested, they bind to cholesterol and promote its excretion with feces, thus preventing its absorption into the blood. Soluble compounds are rich in oats, oat bran, beans and other legumes, apples, pears, cauliflower, carrots, citrus fruits, sweet corn, barley and rye.
Defender Products
Nowadays, it has been proven that people who regularly consume a lot of fruits and vegetables are much less likely to develop colon cancer. These foods have a powerful protective effect due to their high content of not only fiber, but also compounds called phytochemicals. Fruits and vegetables provide a variety of benefits to the body.
Stages of digestion
The full process of digestion of food takes from 2 to 72 hours, depending on what you ate (especially fiber) and how much.In addition, it can be influenced by lifestyle, in particular the level of physical activity and sleep duration, as well as genetic factors and general health.
The process of digestion begins even before food enters the mouth: the mere sight of food, its smell and the thought of it is enough to cause the release of digestive juices. Each piece of food eaten is chewed with teeth and mixed with saliva. Saliva contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of starch into nutrients which eventually enter the bloodstream.
The process of digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs mainly in the first section of the small intestine under the action of digestive juices produced by the liver and gallbladder. Proteins, fats and carbohydrates are broken down into simpler substances - amino acids, fatty acids, simple sugars, vitamins and minerals. All of them enter the bloodstream through the intestinal wall, on the surface of which there are many folds called plics. Each fold is covered with millions of microscopic finger-like outgrowths, villi, increasing the area on which digested substances are absorbed.
The undigested mass, which consists mainly of fiber and starch (which cannot be further broken down in the intestines), moves through the digestive tract to the large intestine, where food residues turn into feces, which are then excreted from the body. When the digested food reaches the large intestine, the process of absorption of nutrients necessary for the various activities of the body is already completed. The large intestine also absorbs water.
Beneficial bacteria
Lives in the large intestine great amount bacteria and other microorganisms - yeast-like, mold and other fungi with the common name " intestinal flora". At healthy people The most numerous groups of microorganisms are lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. These beneficial bacteria help break down some of the food leftovers and also synthesize vitamin K and small amounts of the B vitamins -B12 and biotin.There is growing evidence that specific bacterial by-products can protect the colon from cancer and boost the immune system. However, the natural intestinal microflora is easily destroyed by malnutrition, stress, and certain medications, in particular antibiotics.
The slightest imbalance can allow yeasts and other pathogens to multiply, resulting in problems such as thrush, food intolerances, and other digestive disorders such as diarrhea. Usually, treating a yeast infection is not difficult. Representatives of alternative medicine recommend a strict diet that excludes sugar and baked goods.
To restore a healthy balance of microflora and increase the number of beneficial bacteria, you can use acidophilus supplements, which are sold in pharmacies. Strictly follow the instructions for their use, and after opening the package, store it in the refrigerator.
Support for beneficial bacteria
Foods and supplements that contain beneficial bacteria are called probiotics. These include natural yoghurts as well as fermented foods - sauerkraut, buttermilk and miso (soy product). Some edible plants, in particular artichoke, asparagus, onions, chicory, leeks, garlic, wheat, rye, barley, bananas and tomatoes, contain a special type of dietary fiber that stimulates the reproduction of beneficial bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the intestines and at the same time overwhelming growth of harmful bacteria. Foods and supplements containing this type of fiber are called prebiotics.
Energy sources
Some foods create a feeling of satiety for a long time, and they also keep blood sugar levels stable. The fact is that these products are digested and absorbed by the body more slowly than others. For example, foods rich in carbohydrates are digested, broken down into simple sugars, and absorbed into the blood at different rates, which is measured using the so-called glycemic index (GI). Pure glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream at the highest rate - its GI is 1000. Other foods are canned green beans, chickpeas, lentils, mature beans in tomato sauce, apples, dried apricots, peaches, pasta and oats, yogurt, peanuts, avocados, spinach and zucchini - have a low GI, i.e. they are absorbed much more slowly than other carbohydrate-rich foods. In addition, most of these products are rich in fiber.About the benefits of water
Many people do not consume enough water. Meanwhile, water is absolutely essential for good health, and ideally you should drink about eight glasses of it a day. But this is an average amount: overweight people, as well as those who regularly exercise or work in air-conditioned rooms, need to drink more.Most people only drink when they feel thirsty. This is a fairly reliable indicator of the body's need for fluid. However, by the time you feel thirsty, your body is already somewhat dehydrated, so you need to drink at regular intervals. If you work in an office, keep a bottle of water with you and sip a little throughout the day.
The body cannot function without water. Water is necessary for digestion and absorption of food, and also helps the kidneys to excrete waste products. Even mild dehydration can cause headaches, lethargy, dizziness, and dry skin, as well as increase the chance of urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and constipation. If a person can live up to nine weeks without food, then only three days without water.
How to cleanse the digestive system
According to some representatives of alternative medicine, the formation and accumulation of toxins and poisons in the body to a large extent occurs as a result of proper nutrition, pesticide residues in food, pollution environment, alcohol consumption and smoking. They also believe that the accumulation of toxins causes all sorts of health problems - from feelings of fatigue and migraines to irritable bowel syndrome.
These practitioners often recommend a special detox course that they believe will rid the body of accumulated toxins. Many nutritionists and other physicians are skeptical about detox diets because there is little clinical evidence to support their effectiveness. Of particular doubt are methods that involve such extreme measures as, for example, fasting. Traditional medical practitioners consider such diets unnecessary at best and potentially dangerous at worst. However, there are a number simple ways, with which you can activate the natural mechanism of self-purification of the body.
- Drink more liquid - from 1.7 to 2.25 liters per day.
- Drink little and often, rather than large amounts all at once, as you can inhale excess air and cause bloating.
- Increase your intake of fresh fruits and vegetables.
- The basis of the diet should be foods rich in fiber and carbohydrates, which accelerate the excretion of waste products from the body.
- Do more sports - waste products are also excreted with sweat.
- Cut down on fatty foods, caffeine, and alcohol.
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Healthy Digestive System
Added: 2009-09-17
Healthy Digestive System
Our health directly depends on the state of the digestive system, the activity of which is closely related to the work of all other body systems. The cells that make up our body receive essential nutrients through the process of digestion. Under the condition of the normal functioning of the digestive system, these substances are easily absorbed, allowing each organ to perform its functions.
Digestion is a complex set of physicochemical processes of food assimilation, due to which nutrients that have entered the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract are broken down into simple water-soluble compounds, absorbed into the bloodstream and transferred to cells and tissues.
The digestive system consists of two parts: the organs of the alimentary canal (organs of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines) and large digestive glands ( salivary glands, liver with gallbladder, pancreas).
About the principles of proper nutrition
Excess or lack of nutrition, the quality of food in human life are predisposing factors in the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Since the time of Hippocrates, it has been believed that a person receives 90% of all diseases by eating the wrong food and the wrong way for his body. The most important thing in nutrition: food that enters the body must be absorbed by it. Incompletely assimilated food is hardly removed from the body, causing it to be poisoned, sick and overweight.
Natural medicine (the science of achieving health natural remedies) offers the principles of proper nutrition, built on the universal laws of nature and the characteristics of the physiological rhythms of the human body. Going to them is especially easy and correct in combination with the use of vitamin and mineral dietary supplements.
The principle of observing the natural cycles of the body
Our body metabolizes food in accordance with three regular daily cycles, which are built according to its physiological rhythms:
From 4 am to 12 pm going on waste removal and waste food. In the morning, all the forces of our body are aimed at removing toxins and toxins, and any food at this time is undesirable. Only fruits and fruit juices are allowed, as well as nutraceuticals, as they do not require energy for digestion, and fruits contain a lot of water.
From 12 to 20 hours - eating (eating and digestion). After 12 o'clock you can start eating. However, remember that digestion takes more energy than any other process. Therefore, try to combine foods so that they are easier to digest by the digestive system. Remember that foods in the right combination are digested in the stomach for 2-3 hours, while a cutlet with potatoes or pasta will rot in the stomach and take away your vital energy within 8-12 hours!
From 20 to 4 hours - assimilation (assimilation and use of food). During this cycle, our body absorbs and uses the nutrients obtained from food. Try to have dinner earlier so that the food leaves your stomach before you go to bed. A good night's rest will allow your body to direct all its energy to a more complete absorption of food and in time to move on to the cycle of removing toxins and waste products - and this is the main condition for maintaining health.
The principle of eating food with a high water content
Our body is 70% water, and the main part of our diet should consist of vegetables and fruits that contain a lot of water. Approximately 30% of the diet may consist of concentrated food - flour products, cereals, meat, dairy products, etc. The juice of vegetables and fruits delivers nutrients from food to all cells of the body and removes toxic waste from them, cleansing the body from the inside. And if you want to live to the fullest, be healthy and energetic, eat as many "live" foods as possible, containing a lot of water.
The principle of proper fruit consumption
Fruit is the only product to which our body is physiologically fully adapted. Do not eat fruits after meals, this is completely wrong!
As soon as fruits come into contact with food in the stomach, fermentation processes immediately begin, bloating and general acidification of the blood occur, which leads to numerous health problems. Fruits are the most important and healthy food for us, but eat on an empty stomach, 20-30 minutes before meals and only in raw form. Fruit preserves and puddings will not bring benefits to the body!
Principle right combination food products
The largest number The body spends energy on digesting food, but with the right combination of products, these expenses increase immeasurably, and the body no longer has enough energy to get rid of toxins and restore health. The food pairing theory says that the human body is not designed to digest more than one type of concentrated food at a time. By "concentrated food" is meant any food other than fruits and vegetables.
You can eat any food you like, but not at the same time! Eat meat with vegetables and salad, potatoes with butter, cabbage, zucchini, but not earlier than three hours after meat. And, of course, do not forget about dietary supplements, which greatly help the body absorb food and remove toxins more efficiently.
The principle of the systematic use of foods high in fiber
One of the main components of the daily diet necessary for regular bowel activity is dietary fiber, or fiber. They are not digested (therefore they were previously considered ballast substances), but they increase the volume of intestinal contents and contribute to the movement of the food mass in the intestine. It is especially important to regularly consume foods rich in fiber, such as bran, for people suffering from constipation.
However, in some people, wheat bran causes irritation of the intestinal wall (they are hard and prickly). In such cases, it is better to consume oats, legumes, fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as food supplements based on them. The fiber contained in these products is more gentle on the intestinal wall.
In addition to the basic principles of correct and healthy eating there are many simple practical advice and recommendations. Here is some of them:
Drink any liquids 10-15 minutes before meals.
Do not drink anything 1-2 hours after eating.
Chew your food thoroughly and do not drink anything.
Don't eat on the go.
Do not take too hot or cold food, or unusual in large quantities.
Eat only when you are hungry.
Eat food in a good mood.
Do not eat spicy and fried foods in large quantities.
- fresh fruit in between main meals;
- animal by-products, eggs, cheese (in moderation), low-fat dairy products, shellfish, crustaceans;
- crackers or toasted bread (whole or wheat germ);
- fish, poultry, lean meat;
- cereals in their natural form (they must be chewed thoroughly);
- raw vegetables at every meal;
- vegetable oil of the first cold pressing (2 tablespoons per day);
- clean water between meals (amount depends on kidney function);
- a little red wine during the two main meals;
- nutritional supplements to ensure a balanced functioning of the body (as needed).
- sausages, fatty meats;
- confectionery, soda water, prepared foods containing sugar;
- White bread, peeled cereals;
- sugar in any form;
- tea, coffee, any alcoholic drinks in excessive quantities;
- narcotic substances, tobacco, synthetic drugs, hormonal drugs.
And do not forget about physical activity. It is known that dancing, swimming, running help to improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. They also help relieve emotional stress and have an anti-stress effect, so they are a good prevention of gastrointestinal diseases.
The health of the digestive tract is laid in childhood. If parents do not pay enough attention to this aspect, then it will be much more difficult to correct the situation.
For example, many stomach problems in a child can be easily avoided if:
- give only proven products and preferably as natural as possible;
- vegetables, fruits, cereals and dairy products should be present in abundance in the diet;
- do not "stuff" the child in vain with antibiotics, especially without knowing their purpose (including other medicines);
- avoid processed foods and fast foods, sweet soda, fried and overly fatty foods;
- try not to give the child's psyche stressful situations;
- regularly and thoroughly care for the teeth and oral cavity in general;
- visit a gastroenterologist at least once every six months.
Of course, most often in babies, the cause of malfunctions in the digestive system is dysbacteriosis or enzymatic deficiency. But sometimes discomfort in the abdomen, pain, bloating, spasms that suddenly appear can also have a process completely unrelated to the digestive tract.
Quite common and gastric disorder on the background of psychological, immunological, cardiological, nervous diseases or stress.
Periodic pain that occurs from time to time can also be evidence of a developing chronic disease or a certain situational reaction. It is important to immediately contact a specialist and identify the cause. If you start the disease, it will be much more difficult to maintain the health of the child's digestive system.
However, if the baby has no visible reasons gastric or intestinal disorders occur, you can turn to herbal medicine and strengthen his digestive system with herbs. Today, such a phytopreparation as Gastritol has high efficiency in this regard. It is used in children from 7 to 12 years old, one drop per year of life, diluted in a small amount of water, 3 times a day. For children over 12 years old, the dosage is the same as for adults - 20-30 drops 3 times a day.
It not only has a beneficial effect on motility and secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract), but also has a calming and anti-inflammatory effect. Gastritol is effective for flatulence, functional dyspeptic disorder after too much food or physical activity, heartburn, gastritis, peptic ulcer. A harmless complex exclusively on herbs will help to quickly adjust the smooth functioning of the digestive tract.
Regulates the activity of not only the stomach and intestines
Gastritol effectively regulates the activity of not only the stomach and intestines, but also the duodenum, esophagus, sphincter apparatus and biliary tract. Its use can significantly improve bowel function (peristalsis), which is especially important if the child suffers from chronic constipation.
The composition of Gastritol includes a plant such as goose cinquefoil. It quickly relieves spasms, and chamomile extract soothes pain, eliminates inflammation and accelerates the elimination of toxins. Azupilene, bitters, sesquiterpenes and essential oils beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Angelica pharmacy, which is also part of the drug, relieves flatulence, strengthens the stomach and stimulates intestinal motility. Licorice root helps relieve irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa and improves digestion by normalizing the secretion of juice and mucus.
The herb cardobenedict is quite effective for normal secretion. And St. John's wort copes well with constipation. In addition, these plants have antidepressant and sedative properties.
Also in Gastritol there is an extract of wormwood, which improves the functioning of the immune system and promotes the production of red blood cells. Experts have long established that up to 80 percent of all immune forces human body concentrated in the intestines, which means that you need to take care of their regular support. And Gastritol is the best not only eliminates various problems with the gastrointestinal tract, but also supports the body's defenses.
With systematic use, this drug will save the baby from many problems with the stomach and intestines and prevent the development chronic forms diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Since Gastritol is taken orally (drops are dissolved in water), it helps to quickly relieve pain and spasms. And the child will hardly resist.
Allergic reactions are possible only with individual intolerance, but in general, the drug has established itself as a safe and effective herbal remedy, without side effects and serious contraindications. And there were no cases of overdose. But, of course, before you start taking Gastritol, you still need to consult a doctor.
Healthy digestion is a guarantee of excellent health and a good figure, as well as the main preventive measure for all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Digestion is the process of chemical and mechanical processing of food that occurs in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Much depends on what kind of food enters our body and how well it is digested.
Eating according to a schedule and whenever possible is a direct path to poor digestion, and as a result, poor health. There is a need when the body really requires it. And this is not about the appetite that can arise at the mere sight or even the thought of something tasty. Eating should be caused precisely by the feeling of hunger, which tells us that the body needs nutrients. Appetite caused by the intake of stimulants contained, for example, in coffee, black tea or alcohol, should also not become a reason for an extraordinary meal.
Appetite arises in a person, as a rule, when he wants to eat something tasty and not always healthy. With constant overeating, eating dishes containing an abundance of seasonings and spices, human taste buds become dull. It is much easier for a really hungry person to enjoy one or more foods and feel full when consuming a portion that is acceptable in terms of volume. By developing the habit of eating at the request of the body, of course, if this does not happen before bedtime or at night, you will greatly facilitate the work of your body in general and the gastrointestinal tract in particular.
Work and eating - one might say, things are incompatible. In order for the body to fully digest food, it is necessary to provide relative peace for it. That is why for any meal it is necessary to allocate free time. Immediately after eating, blood circulation in the area of the organs of the digestive tract increases significantly, and in other organs, the blood vessels contract. This is what causes fatigue and drowsiness after heavy meals.
The process of digestion requires a lot of energy from the body. Therefore, neither before, nor during, nor immediately after eating, you can not engage in physical and mental activity. Before eating, you need to rest and relax a little. The body of a tired person will not be able to fully digest the products, which will lead to the formation of congestion and fermentation in the digestive tract. After eating, you should also not load yourself, but it is highly recommended not to lie down after that. Even taking a bath after lunch, dinner or a light snack can make the digestion process much more difficult.
Many people find it difficult to wait until they are really hungry and eat at the first call of the body. In this case, you need to make correct mode nutrition. The quality of food digestion and the effect of this process on the body depends not only on what and how much we eat, but also on when we do it. A full breakfast is the main condition for the health of the digestive tract. To wake up the body and the active work of the digestive tract, it is important to choose the right foods for breakfast. The first meal should be of exceptional benefit to the body. Experts recommend that when preparing breakfast, give preference to cereals and whole grain bread. Coffee with low-fat cream or milk, oddly enough, will only help activate the digestive tract. It is desirable that it be instant coffee, which contains an order of magnitude less caffeine.
The best time for the second meal is noon. It is at this time that a light snack should fall. The ideal time for lunch is 2 pm. In the interval between lunch and evening, another light snack is possible. After 7 pm it is better to refuse food. If it is extremely difficult for you to do this, you can eat apples, drink kefir or eat any other “light” foods, but no later than 2-3 hours before bedtime.
The process of digestion of food, as you know, begins in the oral cavity, when the products are crushed by the teeth and mixed into gruel along with saliva. That is why chewing must be given special attention. Thorough grinding of food in the oral cavity facilitates the work of the digestive tract and allows the body to spend much less energy on its digestion. With insufficient chewing, overeating is most likely, because the taste buds located in the oral cavity have a huge influence on the feeling of satiety.
An adult in the absence of any medical contraindications should drink about 2 liters of fluid per day. But you should not drink while eating, because it only interferes with the full absorption of food. According to the results of the studies, it became known that water in the stomach lingers for no more than 10 minutes. If you drink at a meal, the liquid going down the gastrointestinal tract will wash away gastric juice and as a result disrupt the digestive process. If you are thirsty, do so 10-15 minutes before your meal.
Experts say that immediately after eating, you should also not drink water. So, after a light snack with fruits, you can drink at least half an hour later. It takes the stomach two hours to digest foods containing starch, and as much as 4 hours to process protein foods. It is impossible to drink food not only with water:
- cold drinks, which are the most popular in the warm season, not only slow down the digestion process, slowing down the action of enzymes, but also injure the gastric mucosa;
- hot drinks, like cold ones, disrupt the production of digestive juices, and also relax the stomach, disrupting the tone of its walls and reducing its contractions;
- strong tea, cocoa, coffee and sweet lemonade lead to overeating, stimulating the appearance of excessive appetite.
The main "enemies" of the digestive tract are hypodynamia (inactivity) and malnutrition. The most important for healthy digestion are foods rich in fiber, otherwise known as dietary fiber. Average rate The fiber intake for an adult is 25-30 grams per day. Dietary fiber is present in various vegetables and fruits. There is soluble and insoluble fiber. Soluble fiber absorbs water, maintains normal stool consistency and facilitates its elimination. Insoluble fiber helps to remove "bad" cholesterol, bile acids and digestive waste from the body.
The main products that help in digestion experts include:
- whole grain bread, especially rye bread, which is low in calories and high in dietary fiber;
- legumes (lentils and others), not only a source of fiber, but also rich in zinc and iron;
- cereals and bran, providing the body with an almost daily norm of plant fibers and giving a feeling of satiety for a long time;
- nuts, which are, although high-calorie, but very useful product, containing a large amount of fiber and unsaturated fats;
- green vegetables protruding good source beta-carotene, iron and insoluble fiber;
- berries, the composition of which abounds healthy sugars, vitamins and vegetable fibers;
- flax, or rather its seeds, containing both types of fiber, protecting the mucous membrane of the digestive tract from irritation and contributing to the removal of undigested food residues from the body;
- raisins and prunes, as well as other dried fruits rich in fiber and other substances that are no less useful for the body.
The main thing when eating don't bring germs from dirty hands, unwashed dishes, with stale food. Malaise, stomach pain, nausea can be signs of poisoning. Before the doctor arrives, try to empty the stomach of poisoned food with the help of vomiting.
Drink plenty of water or tea so that the poisons get out of the body faster.
While eating don't distract yourself with talking, TVs, reading.
Thoroughly chew food - it should be well wetted with saliva. Follow the "rule of the wise": each sip - 16 chewing movements.
- Don't bite into hard objects do not drink very hot and very cold water - damage tooth enamel.
To strengthen teeth eat raw vegetables.
-Rinse your teeth water after every meal and clean them in the morning and evening.
Noticing damage to the tooth, visit a doctor
Ticket number 6.
THREE STATES OF WATER. PROPERTIES OF WATER.
Water is an amazing substance. There is no end to her various transformations: now she is a dewdrop, now a sparkling snowflake, now transparent ice.
In nature, water can be simultaneously in three states. For example, in the summer in the tops of the mountains, she solid state - in the form of snow and ice, in a waterfall - she is liquid, but in the air – gaseous.
When the temperature changes Water can change from solid to liquid, a process called melting. From liquid to solid freezing. From a liquid state to a gaseous state evaporation. And the transition from a gaseous state to a liquid condensation.
Water properties:
Pure clear water colorless
Water has no no taste, no color, no smell
Water fluid, takes the form of a vessel
Water has elasticity and almost does not compress.
Water - good solvent substances (salt in soup, sugar in tea)
Water is important not only to people. Water is the habitat of many animals and plants.
NAME AND SHOW THE ORGANIZATIONS OF EXECUTION
Unnecessary substances, the products of the vital activity of their cells, enter the blood from the organs. From the intestine comes water and dissolved in it harmful substances from food. Therefore, the blood is constantly in need of purification. Carbon dioxide and a small part of the water are removed by the lungs during exhalation. Excess water with unnecessary substances dissolved in it is removed from the body excretory organs - kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder.
Ticket number 7.
WHAT IS SOIL
Soil is the top fertile layer of the earth. The sun, water and wind destroy rocks, turning them into sand and clay. Various bacteria and lichens, continuing to destroy sand and clay, create conditions for the life of mosses and other plants. The dead remains of plants and animals form humus - the most fertile soil layer. Three hundred years pass before a centimeter of such a layer appears. The thickness of the soil layer varies. In the steppes it is about a meter, on the rocky slopes of the mountains - this is a few centimeters. In hot deserts, in the cold icy expanses of the Arctic, the soil layer may be completely absent.
HOW TO CARE FOR YOUR SKIN
Needed regularly sweep dirt, sweat, sebum and numerous microbes from the skin that love to multiply on dirty skin. Take daily shower. Do not be lazy: after all, the skin is yours faithful protector.
Do not sunbathe without resting in the shade. Beware of heatstroke and skin burns. With a small burn, you can lubricate the surface of the skin with a special cream or emulsion.
If on the skin a wound appears pathogenic bacteria penetrate it. Necessary wash the wound and treat its edges with iodine solution. Then you have to bandage wound to stop new bacteria from entering it.
Do not wear tight clothing - it prevents the skin from breathing. Tight shoes in winter can lead to frostbite on the feet. Rub the frostbitten area with clean, dry hands until it turns red. Do not rub the skin with snow - cracks may appear through which dirt and microbes will enter.
Ticket number 8.
WHAT CAN DESTROY SOIL?
The rain will pass, water the fields, vegetable gardens, orchards - the harvest will be rich. But there are torrential rains, which destroy the future crop, wash off the fertile soil layer with crops and young shoots. It happens that a strong wind blows the soil or a dry wind dries it up. Not only natural phenomena can destroy the soil layer. Improperly cultivating the soil, illiterately caring for plants, littering with industrial and domestic waste, people make the soil barren. Replenishing the soil with a lot of mineral fertilizers, excessive use of pesticides to control pests and weeds, you can grow crops, vegetables and fruits that will be unhealthy.
HOW TO PROTECT YOUR VISION
Visual impairments can be corrected by developing eye muscles by wearing glasses. What can damage your eyesight?
Poor lighting, reading while lying down, watching television for many hours, clogged eyes.
Don't stare wide-eyed at the Sun.
Do not take sharp, piercing objects during games.
A book or notebook should be at a distance of 23-30 centimeters from the eyes. The light should illuminate from the left.
Not three eyes with dirty hands.
If the eyes are inflamed, wash them with tea leaves or chamomile decoction.
If the mote got into the eye, they gave the eyelid away from the eye. A tear that appears will wash away the mote.
Ticket number 9.
CHANGES IN NON-LIVING NATURE WITH THE COMING OF WINTER
After a rainy, muddy, cold late autumn, winter passes. With the long-awaited winter fun: sledding, skiing, skating, slides, snowballs, snowmen. Even heavy snow will not drive children out of the yard like rain. And they are not afraid of frost if they have felt boots on their feet, fur coats on their shoulders, hats on their heads, and mittens on their hands!
In nature, water vapor with air currents rises high, where it enters very cold layers of air. There he turns into tiny ice crystals. Crystals join each other and form six-beam symmetrical snowflakes. Under their weight, snowflakes fall to the ground.
The first snow often melts. Winter with deep fluffy snows comes later. A snow cover is formed on the earth's surface - a non-melting layer of snow. Since that time, it is believed that winter has come in nature. Over time, the snow cover changes: it becomes denser, covered with a crust of ice after thaws, and snowdrifts are swept by snowstorms.
With the advent of winter, rivers, lakes, ponds are covered a layer of ice. This phenomenon is called freezing. The people say - the rivers rose. After freezing, snow cover begins to form on water bodies. Do rivers freeze at the same time? Small and slow rivers are covered with ice before others. Later freeze-up on fast and deep rivers ends.
NAME AND SHOW THE ORGANS OF HEARING
Page 46
Ticket number 10.
HOW ANIMAL WINTER
You already know that the body of most mammals (animals) is covered with hair. By winter in many animals molting ends- renewal of wool. It becomes thick and fluffy. In some animals, it has also changed color. In the winter cold, the squirrel covers itself with its large fluffy tail like a blanket.
What do animals eat in winter?? The squirrel has stored up nuts, acorns, mushrooms, grains. Yes, and the seeds of spruce cones can be useful to her. The fox hunts for mice. The lynx hid on the low branches of a tree. Do not leave the fox from this large wild cat. Wolves also look for prey. Families roam. Moose roam the snowy forest in search of young aspens to devour bark and twigs.
A lot can tell about the travels of forest dwellers. traces on the snow. But you will not find traces of a badger, a bear, a hedgehog in the snow. They hid in their holes and went into hibernation until spring. Accumulated subcutaneous fat, and winter is not terrible for them - fat warms and feeds. Bats hang upside down and also sleep.
During hibernation body temperature in animals decreases, breathing and heart rate slows down. Rodents, waking up, eat part of their reserves and fall asleep again, and the awakened bear wanders in the forest until the end of winter. It is scary to meet a hungry rodent bear in winter. Surprisingly, it is in winter that a mother bear gives birth to cubs and feeds them with milk.
PLANTS ARE LIVING ORGANISMS
All plants need air, moisture, light, heat, nutrients for development. All plants breathe, eat, grow, multiply, develop. Plants are living organisms. Annual plants die off by winter, perennial plants live tens, hundreds, thousands of years.
What organs do plants have? What functions do they perform? How do plants reproduce? Each flowering plant has a root system, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. They are the organs of respiration, nutrition, reproduction of the plant.