What a 5 year old needs to know. What should a child know and be able to do at the age of five. Physical parameters: growth rates, weights and others

Your baby is 5 years old, which means that there is a great opportunity to help the baby develop his intelligence in a timely manner. The time has come to check whether the degree of formation of his mental processes corresponds to the norm, to check the potential opportunities in different areas of knowledge, to identify in which of them he succeeds and which require additional attention.

Unfortunately, most adults underestimate the possibilities of this particular age, the needs of children for new information, they believe that there is still a lot of time ahead and it is too early to deal with a child. Active preparation for learning begins only a year before entering school. As a result, development stops, the child's cognitive activity fades, and subsequent express classes lead to overload and overwork, which subsequently cause a negative attitude towards learning.

With the help of these tests, you can easily determine the level of development of your baby, and most importantly, you can summarize the work done on the development of your child, and prepare him for the next, more in-depth stage of training.

By age 5, a child should be able to:

Attention.

Complete tasks without distraction for about 15 minutes.
Find 5-6 differences between objects and between two drawings.
Keep 8-10 objects in sight.
Copy exactly the pattern or movement.
It is easy to play games for attentiveness and speed of reaction. For example, name nouns, but agree before the game: if you hear the name of a toy, clap your hands; if you heard the name of school supplies - fold your hands on the table; if he heard the name of an object for sports, he put his hands on his shoulders, etc. Or like this: if you hear a word that ends with the sound “a”, raise your hand, etc.

Maths.

Numbers 0, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; signs "+", "-", "=",
How to compose and solve problems in one step for addition and subtraction.
How to use arithmetic signs of actions.
How to divide a circle, a square into two and four equal parts.
The composition of the numbers of the first ten.
Direct and reverse order of the number series.
How to get each number of the first ten by adding one to the previous one and subtracting one from the next one in the row.
The name of the current month, the sequence of days of the week.

Memory.

Memorize 8-10 pictures.
Memorize counting rhymes (for example: “Three geese are flying above us, three geese are above the clouds, two have gone down the stream. How many geese were there?”) And tongue twisters (for example: “Chicken and chicken are drinking tea on the street”).
Memorize phrases (for example: “Julia and Olya draw with colored pencils”; “It often rains in autumn”; “Lena played with a ball, cubes, spinning top, doll and bear”).
Tell stories, fairy tales, poems, the content of pictures from memory.
Repeat exactly the text, consisting of 3-4 sentences.
Finish the sentence: “If the table is higher than the chair, then the chair ...”, “If two are more than one, then one ...”, “If the river is deeper than the stream, then the stream ...”, etc.
Find an extra word among a group of words, for example: “Vasily, Fedor, Semyon, Ivanov, Evgeny”, “Nest, hole, anthill, chicken coop, lair”, “Brave, brave, courageous, evil, decisive”.
Answer intricate questions, for example: “When a goose stands on one leg, it weighs 2 kilograms. How much will a goose weigh if it stands on two legs? - etc.
Determine the sequence of events.

Thinking.

Find and explain inconsistencies in drawings.
Find and explain the differences between objects and phenomena.
Find among the proposed items superfluous, explain your choice.
Fold any shape from the constructor according to the model.
Fold out of paper, according to the pattern shown by an adult, a simple object (a boat, a boat, etc.).
Cut out a complex shape with scissors along the outline drawn on a piece of paper.
Perform applications on paper, both independently and according to the model.
Putting together puzzles without assistance.

Fine motor skills.

Adjust the force of pressure on the pencil and brush and change the direction of movement of the hand depending on the shape of the depicted object.
Position the image on the entire sheet or within specified limits: on one line, on a wide strip.
Hatching drawings without going beyond their contours. Carefully color intricate drawings.
Navigate in notebooks in a cage or in a ruler.

The development of speech.

Build complex sentences different types. For example, make sentences from the suggested words: drawing, girl, draw, paint; guys, slide, sled, ride, with, on, etc.
Form new phrases quickly. For example: fur hat | fur hat, etc.
Explain the meaning of proverbs. For example, the proverb: “Without labor, you can’t even pull a fish out of a pond.”
Compose stories from one picture, from a series of pictures, from life.
Perform verses expressively, convey lines containing joy, admiration, sadness, etc., with different intonations.
Make sentences of 3-4 words. Drafting a proposal. Divide simple sentences to words. Divide words into syllables (parts).
Distinguish between vowels and consonants.
Determine which syllable is stressed.
Determine by ear the softness and hardness of sound in words.
Determine the number of sounds and letters in a word.
Determine by intonation which sentence: declarative, exclamatory, interrogative.

The world.

State your first and last name. Name your parents first and last name. Know the name of your city (village). Know the name of the capital of the Motherland. Know the name of our planet.
Know the names of the main professions of people. Explain what characterizes these professions, what benefits people bring.
Name the seasons, parts of the day, days of the week in their sequence.
Name the spring, summer, autumn and winter months.
Distinguish between carnivores and herbivores.
Distinguish migratory birds from wintering ones.
Distinguish garden flowers from field flowers.
Distinguish trees from shrubs.
Name all natural phenomena.

Psychologists call the age of 5 years old preschool age and advise parents, first of all, to pay attention to the intellectual development of a five-year-old child, his cognitive abilities and communication skills, because very soon the baby will face one of the most important tests in life - going to school.

Physical development

Five-year-old preschoolers - both boys and girls - are actively growing, almost not getting better. The age-appropriate physical development of a five-year-old child can be judged by indicators of height and weight. Normally, five-year-old boys weigh from 16.4 to 19.7 kg, and girls from 15.4 to 19 kg. The height of five-year-olds should be: from 106 to 116 cm (for boys) and from 102 to 111 cm (for girls). Circle chest varies in five-year-old boys in sizes from 52 to 57 cm, in girls from 51.6 to 56.6 cm.

No less important for the normal physical development and motor skills of the baby.

So, normally a child at the age of five should be able to:

quickly run 40-60 m;
run without stopping for 60-90 seconds;
stand freely on one leg;
bounce vigorously in place on one or two legs;
jump forward;
jump over 4-6 parallel lines located at a distance of 40-50 cm;
jump from a height of 20-30 cm;
deftly jump from foot to foot;
climb the gymnastic wall;
walk, maintaining balance, on the gymnastic bench;
step over obstacles located at a height of 20-35 cm from the floor (for example, through the rails of the stairs);
climb and descend stairs confidently, possibly with objects in hand;
toss and catch the ball and small objects;
throw the ball at a distance of 2-2.5 m, aiming at a horizontal target;
throw the ball into the distance at a distance of 3 to 6 m alternately with the right and left hand;
Start learning to ride a two wheeler.

At this age, the child is developed enough to learn new physical exercises and new sports. it best time for learning to ride a two-wheeled bicycle, cross-country skiing, downhill skiing, swimming and even horseback riding. At the same time, it is necessary to devote enough time and effort to the development of fine motor skills of the baby.

So, for the development of fine motor skills, a five-year-old child must be able to:

handle pen, pencil and brush freely;
adjust the force of pressure on the pen, pencil and brush, change the direction of movement of your hand depending on the shape of the object;
carefully cut out shapes of different shapes with scissors;
draw simple objects and figures from nature;
place your drawing on the entire sheet or on a specific section of paper;
shade or paint over the drawings neatly, without going beyond the boundaries of their contours;
navigate in notebooks in a ruler or in a cage.

Mental development

At the age of five, a child makes a big breakthrough in his mental development. This is an important period of preparation for school and the requirements that it places on the child. The intellectual development of five-year-old children comes to the fore and requires constant study and improvement of knowledge in various fields.

Maths

At the age of five, the child should:

know numbers up to 10;
use in speech numerals (ordinal and quantitative);
compare within 10 adjacent numbers;
navigate on a sheet of paper;
describe in words the location of a certain object in relation to other objects and to oneself;
know all the basic geometric shapes (square, circle, triangle, oval, rhombus, rectangle);
know arithmetic symbols and how to use them.

Speech development

Normally, a five-year-old child should:

articulate and correctly pronounce all sounds;
speak expressively and slowly;
write a story based on your own memories and experience;
draw up a story from 5-6 sentences according to the drawing;
memorize counting rhymes;
recognize at least half of the letters of the alphabet;
use past, present and future tenses.

The world

At this age, the child should:

know their own first and last names, first names, last names and patronymics of parents and close people from their environment;
know what gender he is;
know the name of your country, city and your personal home address;
know your age
know the age of the parents;
know the names of all major professions and their distinctive features;
know who the parents are;
know the main rules of the road;
name a group of objects with one generalizing word;
know and name the sequence of seasons;
know and name the months;
know and name the sequence of time of day;
know and name the sequence of days of the week;
Understand what living and non-living things mean.

mental development

By the age of five, the baby is growing up before your eyes. Now he increasingly controls his own behavior, according to the learned rules and norms. He can independently distinguish a good deed from a bad one, shows a sense of justice and compassion. At this age, he asks quite adult, serious questions. For example, about death. The child begins to worry about all living things that surrounds him, pities lonely people and abandoned animals. Very often, five-year-olds bring home homeless kittens and puppies. They fear any manifestation of death and try to help those they can. This is exactly how five-year-olds, according to psychologists, manifest a feeling of loneliness and fear of the end of their life. own life and the lives of those around you.

The basic mental functions of the child continue to develop.

Attention

At 5 years old, a child should:

keep at least 6-7 objects in the field of view at the same time;
independently perform the task according to the proposed adult example;
independently find 4-5 pairs of identical objects;
perform without distraction certain tasks within 10-12 minutes;
find at least 7-8 differences between the proposed items;
independently fold pictures, puzzles or postcards, cut into at least 9 parts;
according to the model, assemble any design or figure from the designer.

Thinking

At 5 years old, a child should be able to:

independently determine the sequence of events;
find one extra item among the proposed four items and explain your choice;
select synonyms and antonyms;
find and explain inconsistencies in the pictures;
find and explain the differences between phenomena and objects;
solve the proposed logical tasks and answer intricate questions.

Memory

At 5 years old, a child should be able to:

memorize 6-8 drawings in a certain amount of time (from 1 to 2 minutes);
retell a short story close to the content;
know and recite a few verses by heart;
compare two different images from memory.

Self-care skills

A five-year-old child is a fairly independent little person, able to dress and put on shoes, comb his hair, brush his teeth and wash himself. In addition, he must learn to discipline and perform simple tasks to keep his things and rooms in order.

So, at the age of five, a child can make his own bed, keep his toys in order - fold them after playing, and even dust the shelves where they stand. A five-year-old kid is also able to provide all possible help around the house: water the flowers, wash the coasters from under the flower pots, wipe the dust in the apartment and even vacuum or sweep the floor. With special pleasure, five-year-olds help adults in setting the table, cooking and decorating the house for the holiday.

5 years is the age when yesterday's silly child literally turns into a reasonable and independent preschool child, demonstrating to his parents many new skills and abilities. In some Western countries at the age of 5, children already go to school, as foreign psychologists believe that it is from this age that the child's psyche is ready for constant studies. In our country, at the age of 5, most children continue to attend Kindergarten, but this is not always enough to effectively prepare children for entering school and successfully learning in it. Therefore, every parent of a five-year-old kid needs to know what a child should be able to do at 5 years old and what you need to pay attention to when preparing for school.

Physical development of children at 5 years old

At the age of 5, another growth spurt of the child occurs - children grow rapidly and can “stretch” up a few centimeters in a year. Therefore, it is worth paying special attention to the nutrition of a 5-year-old child - it should not only be age-appropriate, but also contain an increased amount of proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins, especially calcium and iron - substances necessary for the growth of bones and muscles. It is very important during this period to reduce the amount of "harmful" carbohydrates in the diet - flour, especially sweet pastries and cookies, sweets and other sweets, as well as to exclude fast food, carbonated drinks and canned foods. All of the above is very stressful. digestive system and promotes rapid satiety and recruitment excess weight, but, on the other hand, it practically does not contain nutrients and vitamins, which is why a growing body may begin to experience an acute shortage of nutrients.

At the age of 5, the height of girls is approximately 100-116 cm, and their weight is 17-21 kg, boys at this age are already noticeably larger and heavier- 105-120 cm and 19-25 kg, respectively. A healthy five-year-old child spends most of the day in motion - he runs a lot and willingly, runs 100-200 m without stopping, easily jumps from a height of 30-40 cm, knows how to jump over a rope or jump on one leg, and also easily maintains balance on a gymnastic wall, uneven bars or on one leg. Parents of 5-year-olds are noticing how much their toddler's movements and skills have changed compared to last year. At the age of 5, children control their body well and feel it in space, their movements become more accurate and coordinated, the strength and endurance of all muscle groups of the child grows.

So, a 5-year-old child, while running or walking, should not stumble or fall without external causes - unnoticed obstacles, uneven ground, and so on.

Favorite games at this age are all kinds of catch-up, hide-and-seek, hide and seek, ball games, jump rope and wall bars. If earlier the child did not have enough strength to climb the rope or climb to the very top of the stairs, now he easily does all this or sits on the crossbar, steadily maintaining his balance.

neuropsychic development

According to psychologists, it is from 5 to 7 years that a person’s character is completely formed, his main life positions, attitude to the world and others, habits and personality traits, so parents of 5-year-old children need not only to carefully monitor their behavior and actions, but also carefully monitor everything they say.

At the age of 5, teaching a child various skills and abilities reaches a new qualitative level - the baby easily remembers letters, numbers and already knows how to draw the simplest logical conclusions and conclusions. Parents who started teaching their children to read and write at the age of 3-4 years old note how difficult it was to learn before the age of 5 and how quickly children perceive information after the age of five.

At this age, children should be well oriented in the surrounding space, know their passport details, birthday, address, easily answer questions from others and tell who he is, who his parents are, what they do, what the baby does, how his day went and so on. One of the main indicators of the normal development of a child at this age is his ability to independently find activities for himself, the presence of basic household skills and good orientation in the world around him - he must know where he lives, where the products are, what a store is, how to cross the road, and so Further.

At 5 years old, the baby should know what time of day it is, the seasons- briefly describe each, give explanations for your actions and the actions of those around you, and know what and why he is doing: “I dress so as not to freeze; I sleep to rest and brush my teeth to keep them healthy.”

If a kid at the age of 5 is already preparing for school, it is important that he knows:

all letters - distinguished their sound and spelling, it is very good if he knows where the vowels and consonants are;
numbers, and also owned the basics of counting - he could count objects, at least within 5;
colors - he knew not only primary colors, but also shades and could give an example of objects of different colors - “apple - red, chicken - yellow”;
geometric figures and could draw the main ones - a line, a point, a circle, a square, a triangle;

At the age of 5, it is important that the child has a connected speech, he can compose short story from 5-6 sentences, repeat short story and learn a poem of 2-3 quatrains.

In addition, a five-year-old child should be able to logically determine the connection of events - show from the pictures what happened at the beginning, what then and how it all ended, put together a picture from 5-10 cut parts, find unnecessary objects, absurdities and combine pictures into groups according to the main feature .

At this age, children should already be able to model the simplest figures from plasticine, draw simple plot pictures, cut with scissors not only in a straight line, but also in a circle and broken lines, and make applications from paper.

Household skills of a child at 5 years old

At the age of 5, a child is already almost able to take care of his own appearance and not require help from adults in ordinary daily activities - dressing, washing or eating. All that is required of the parents of a five-year-old is to provide the baby with everything necessary to perform his usual actions and control the result. At the age of 5, children should not only dress and eat on their own, but also help their parents; at this age, both boys and girls can take part in almost all household chores - from cooking to general cleaning. Do not neglect the help of the child, even if his work is far from perfect and it is imperative to require the baby to fulfill his duties daily - this will help to avoid quarrels and misunderstandings between parents and children in the future. After all, teenagers who have not been taught to do housework since childhood, sincerely do not understand what has changed and why they should spend their precious time on such boring and nasty things as cleaning, if earlier mom did a great job with everything on her own.

Social development of the baby at 5 years old

Most children at this age do not experience any special problems in communication, they easily find mutual language with everyone and, if necessary, they can turn to unfamiliar children or adults, willingly talk and play with those who have shown interest in them. If the baby is embarrassed to approach and get to know other children or cannot speak in the presence of strangers, parents should pay attention to this - such shyness can cause serious problems in the future. The most important thing is in no case to make fun of the baby and not try to shame him, demonstrating “how it should be” or citing other children as an example, this can only achieve the opposite result. It is better to gently create situations in which the baby will be forced to communicate with adults - for example, buying something in a store, talking with trainers, acquaintances, and so on. And also to help the child find a common language with the children in the yard or on the playground, for example, by starting to run with him kite, playing an interesting game or coming up with some kind of joint activity - to cost a snow city, a sand fortress, and so on. It is important not to leave the child alone with the children, hoping that he himself will be able to communicate with them, but to play and talk with him, helping him overcome his shyness.

You can cope with communication problems with the help of puppet theater or story games, where the child can “lose” different situations and understand how to turn to strangers, what to talk about with peers or how easy it is to approach and offer to play.

Girls and boys aged 5

It is at the age of 5 years that girls and boys finally understand and accept their social roles related to gender. Before that, children perceived the difference between the sexes as something temporary and not very important, but after 5 years everything changes. At this age, children are clearly aware of their gender and react aggressively to attempts to "change" it. According to psychologists and teachers, parents of 5-year-old boys and girls behave differently towards their children, girls are more often praised, more attention is paid to their needs and appearance, while boys are required to achieve certain achievements, are treated more strictly and do not allow them to openly show their emotions. Such behavior is largely intuitive - parents understand that a girl needs more care and support, but boys will appreciate the trust of their parents and the ability to independently explore new horizons and perform their little feats more.

In raising children, the personal example of parents is still the most important - girls learn to be feminine and affectionate, like a mother, and boys try to imitate their fathers in taciturnity and calmness.

Preschoolers develop especially quickly, which allows specialists to judge their level of development based on knowledge, skills and abilities. This, in turn, helps to build a correction program for a particular baby, if necessary. Perhaps it would be useful for parents to know the criteria that doctors rely on when assessing the physical, mental and mental development of a child.

Five years is a rather difficult age, because it is with him that the preparation of an older preschooler for adult life at school begins. A child of this age is still mobile and loves to communicate with peers, but he can already be seen more and more often drawing or crafting, he is more often drawn to books and other sources of knowledge, absorbing everything new like a sponge.

Children love role playing story games, and they are already able to agree on the distribution of roles.

Your baby is no longer as small as before, he already has his own opinion on any issue. At the age of five, he is already an independent person with his own needs and desires, independent of his parents.

The task of parents is to prepare their child for school, to provide him with the missing knowledge and skills, to instill the necessary skills.

Physical development of five-year plans

Chest circumference 52 - 57 cm, height 100 - 120 cm, weight 17 - 25 kg.

The baby begins to grow actively, so his nutrition is very important. The task of parents is to exclude fast food, soda from his diet and try to make the baby forget about snacks. Almost all the calories he consumes are now spent on growth and development, which means that if the baby has begun to recover, look for a problem. The development of a five-year-old man allows him to quickly master sports skills, so this age is considered the best in order to send the baby to the sports section.

The main physical skills that you should pay attention to the development of are coordination, balance and speed.

What should a five year old be able to do?

Run up to 200 m without stopping (of which at a speed of about 60 m).
Run non-stop for 90 seconds.
Jump from a height of 40 cm.
Jump on one leg.
Walk on the gymnastic bench.
Throw the ball at a target 2 meters away.
Climbing the gymnastic wall.

His movements are well coordinated, he becomes stronger and more resilient. Favorite games are those in which you have to run and climb somewhere.

fine motor skills

It is already quite well developed in children, they hold a pen or pencil almost correctly, draw lines of various pressure and slope, make applications using scissors, put together puzzles and figures from designer parts according to a model or diagram. But her further development nevertheless, it is worth paying special attention, teach him how to color accurately without going beyond the boundaries of the drawing and copy simple drawings, placing them correctly on paper, draw "graphic dictations".

Neuropsychic development of a five-year-old man

Thinking

This is a fertile age for parents who want to teach their baby something, because right now the development of the baby makes it easier for him to absorb new knowledge. And here the main thing is not to overdo it and rely on the desire and interest of a small person.

By this age, he should be able to determine the sequence of events and guess riddles, understand the meaning of proverbs. Toddlers are already able to find similarities and differences between objects, to exclude unnecessary things.

At this age, logical thinking begins to develop, however, the logic of a baby is still very different from the logic of an adult, you should not prove your case, just find out his entire logical chain.

What does a 5 year old know?:

Numbers 1 - 10 and their images.
Geometric figures, can draw and divide them into equal parts.
Almost all the letters, he names words with these letters, he knows how to write at least some of the familiar letters on his own, there are children who can read in syllables, but there are few of them.
Knows and can show colors and their shades.
Days of the week, months, knows how to name fingers (not necessarily in order).
Your last name and address, it would be nice also to have a phone number of one of the parents.

What he child should be able to at 5 years old:

Solve the simplest subtraction and addition problems within two units.
Some people can read in syllables, but this is by no means the norm.
Able to solve logic puzzles.
Independently collects puzzles from 10-15 pieces.
Able to organize objects according to a common feature.
Finds 6 differences.
Retells the plot of the paintings.
remembers foreign words, does not confuse them with the words of the native language.
Able to distinguish between vegetables, fruits and berries.

memory and attention

It is at the age of five that it is best to start preparing a child for school, the main thing is to rely on his interests, otherwise you will forever discourage him from learning. At this time, his memorization becomes conscious, which means that he himself chooses what knowledge he needs and what is not interesting. Child memorizes 8 items at the same time(names what has disappeared or appeared), easily remembers short poems, counting rhymes, can retell a fairy tale, remembers the order of events, can find up to 10 differences.

Concentration of attention on one lesson for 10-15 minutes.

Speech development

Vocabulary at the age of 5, a child is already large enough so that he can, without getting confused in words, explain himself on almost any topic of interest to him. He builds large phrases of 6-8 words belonging to different parts speech. Baby already pronounces all sounds clearly(except "r"). reads poetry with expression, rarely confuses words denoting time (yesterday, today, etc.).

Speech becomes visual-figurative - he no longer easily repeats after someone, but reproduces his own thoughts in words.

Perception of the surrounding world

Vision sharpens I, which means the child can see small details and objects. The ability to plan appears.

The child, due to age to actively explore the world, knows the names of some plants, and many animals and birds, as well as natural phenomena.

Read more, and better educational literature.

What useful life skills should be taught to a five-year-old child? In our time of high technology, children of five years old can quite cope with a computer, but they cannot do it themselves. make the bed and sometimes even get dressed. And all because we, parents, often forget that such simple, at first glance, things need to be taught.

The sooner you start involve the child in housework, the more independent he will grow, and here it is important to catch his mood, his interest in this kind of activity. Be sure to teach your child to clean the apartment. Let everything you need for cleaning be at his complete disposal. “If you spill something on the floor, wipe it up after yourself” - make such a rule. And it doesn’t matter that after such a “cleaning” you will have to redo everything, and “Moscow was not built right away”, your baby will gradually learn everything, most importantly, to help. Do not start correcting everything after him, tell me what and where is wrong, but while he is playing - fix it, next time it will be better. The child is already quite capable of putting away toys, dusting, vacuuming and clearing the table.

What should a 5 year old be able to do? He must wash, dress and eat on his own. And children of this age can help their mother in everything, the main thing is never refuse help, otherwise the child will get used to the fact that mom can handle everything herself.

Let baby will help you with laundry. The simplest thing is to let him take out the laundry from the machine, more difficult - explain the washing modes, how to sort the laundry by color, how to turn on the machine, even if for now under your supervision.

Is your child growing a plant? No. But in vain. Buy him a set of young gardener, it does not have to be flowers, it can be something edible. Let him plant, water, and see HIS own plant sprout.

By the holidays, let him he will make gifts and help you pack them. Teach him how to cook simple meals, and don't be afraid of anything. It would be better if he dirty everything in the world, but he would do something himself. It's better than waiting forever for someone else to do it for him. And then, joint cooking will unite you with the baby like nothing else.

take baby to go to the store, explain to him where the money comes from, and how purchases are made, so that he does not consider change as a salary. Teach him to save, let him help you make a shopping list. At this age, the child already remembers what products you buy in which store, can navigate in those places where you are together.

Psychologists believe that it is at the age of five that the character of a small person is formed and he learns the rules of behavior in society. Your duty is to teach him everything. And it's better to do it now, no matter how difficult it may be. Praise him if he does something with desire. And try to scold less, he's just learning.

Emotional development of a child of 5 years

It is at this age that a child can empathize, sympathize and love, for him it is already not easy words.

The child becomes more restrained, he already able to take care of himself and here it is important for parents to know that if you promise him something if he fulfills your request (for example, to play on your own while you are busy), keep your promise. It is very easy to offend a five-year-old child, you should not teach him bad things by setting a similar example.

The character of the baby is formed precisely at this age, and here the main thing that parents can harm is to try to realize their own ambitions through him. In this case, the child will grow up dependent on the parents in everything.

Differences between girls and boys

At the age of 5, children are fully aware and accept their gender. Psychologists believe that from this age up to adolescence boys lag behind girls in their development.

Boys normally weigh from 16 to 20 kg, and girls 15 - 19 kg. Their height is 106 - 116 cm and 102 - 111 cm, respectively.

Boys pay less attention to toys and more role-playing games.

5 years is the most productive time in a child's life try not to miss it.

The most important job of a parent is raising a child. His future and the future of his parents depend on his upbringing.

Child development

When a child turns 5 years old, he begins to perceive himself primarily as a person. He notices the difference between the sexes, it becomes important how he looks. The child begins to understand that he is different from others. Children of this age have their own opinion and defend it. From the outside, it seems that they are intractable and stubborn, but the reaction of the parents is very important for the child. They want to please their parents.

Five-year plans are developing quite actively. The main places where the child is located are the house and the kindergarten. The child at home can continue the game started in the kindergarten. Children are not interested in expensive toys. They enjoy playing with their favorite cars and dolls. Children like it very much when they read poems or fairy tales. Kids also love to play musical instruments, mostly toy. They are interested in music, and children listen to it enthusiastically.

The speech of a child at this age is meaningful, he speaks in sentences using generalizing words. Vocabulary is 2500-3000 words. Pay attention to the child's knowledge of himself and his family. A five-year-old child should be able to communicate with children. He can already approach other children or a child, talk to them, start the game. To make it easier for a child to establish relationships with children, one should teach him to restrain the unreasonable aggression characteristic of this age. Children will be happy to play with a five-year-old kid if he willingly shares toys, knows how to keep up a conversation, and is attentive to other children.

You should teach him to politely ask for something, to thank, to give compliments.

When a child turns 5 years old, he continues to ask a lot of questions. He must answer intelligibly and patiently. At this age, children willingly help their parents, follow instructions. The child will be happy to help parents set the table. He is pleased to see the whole family at the table, listen to conversations. It is worth involving the baby in the discussion of vacation plans, major purchases, and in the distribution of the family budget. It is important to remember that the child remembers everything that adults talk about among themselves. He will most likely repeat your words in the game and when communicating with other children. A child, like a sponge, absorbs the attitude of adults to the world around them. Therefore, in the presence of a child, it is necessary to control your statements and words.

The child constantly needs to be praised for good deeds, not scolded in the presence of strangers. The kid feels the need for love and learns to give it to people. Hug him more, give all your love and tenderness.

Educational activities for children aged 5 years

At this age, he really likes to work with plasticine, paint pictures, cut paper figures, glue figures, build from designer parts, and assemble mosaics. The child remembers poems and lyrics, can retell a short story, begins to memorize numbers and letters. He can count up to 10, compare numbers, distinguish colors, select shades, knows the alphabet. The five-year-old confidently distinguishes the seasons, parts of the human body, recognizes living and inanimate nature. The child can tell interesting stories explain the purpose of the objects. He distinguishes between concepts: far, close, forward, backward, etc.

Logic games are very important. A useful activity will be the collection of grooves and pictures on the cubes. It is important to remember that a child cannot do several tasks at the same time. The child's questions must be answered in an accessible way. It is already possible to conduct classes to develop writing skills - write sticks, hooks, etc. in a notebook. It is advisable to take a break in classes after 15 minutes. Try not to overload your child with activities.

Boys at the age of five can play with dolls with girls. This behavior is typical for this age. Kids like to go to visit friends, have a tea party. It would be appropriate to purchase a puppet theater for a child, consisting of hand puppets. So the child will be able to invent plots of fairy tales, or play roles in familiar fairy tales.

At this age, the child needs to pay attention physical development. The child is very active. You can record it in sections and purchase a sports corner. The child with enthusiasm and pleasure will be engaged on it. The height of a five-year-old boy is from 105 to 112 cm, the height of a girl at 5 years old is from 105 to 115 cm. When choosing a table for a child, give preference to an adjustable table and chair. The baby should reach the floor with his feet, the back should be even. To develop the child's manual dexterity, conduct ball games, climbing and other exercises. The child's room should be lit and kept clean. Constantly need to carry out wet cleaning, monitor the lighting of the working area.

Features of communication with a five-year-old child

At the age of five, children develop fantasy. Adults sometimes perceive it as a lie. You need to learn to distinguish when a child is lying, justifying his bad deed, and when he is telling a fictional story. It is necessary to explain to the child why it is important to tell the truth and what harm a lie can cause. It is important to be patient in this matter. The child, most likely, will not learn how to behave the first time. Children still do not know how to control themselves. Repeated repetition can positive result. If you decide to punish the baby, it is better to do it immediately after the misconduct. Later, he will not be able to understand why he is punished. It is very important at this age to observe the daily routine. The kids still need to sleep during the daytime, and the night sleep should be 10 hours. It is important not to change the familiar environment and lifestyle of the child. Any change brings stress. He is sensitive to the slightest change in the situation and rules. A five-year-old child can already brush his own teeth, but parents need to be constantly reminded of this. He can swim independently under the supervision of adults.

At the age of five, the child prefers familiar simple dishes. He is wary of culinary innovations. A child at the age of five may be impulsive, easily excited, prone to fears. Adults need to monitor their emotions, children copy their parents' behavior in the family in everything.

child's birthday

A child's birthday is a celebration of friends and family! Invite your friends to the party. It is wrong to seat children at the table right away. First, it is better to play and work up an appetite. If the apartment is small, you can play in the yard. Such games are suitable: “It's in the bag”, “What it looks like”, “Words on the topic”, “Dreamers”. It is best to congratulate the child unexpectedly. Children love surprises. Take the birthday boy away, turn off the lights and bring in the birthday cake. Return the birthday boy only after the countdown and dressed in a beautiful suit. It is already possible to include competitions with the definition of the winner in the program of the birthday party for a child of 5 years old. Children have a desire to win and excitement. But not everyone knows how to lose. It is worth paying attention to such children, and even more so if it is a birthday boy. You can exclaim words of support to a baby ready to burst into tears. The birthday boy needs to be prepared in advance and a secret revealed to him: the holiday will be fun and memorable if all the children have fun.

When organizing games, it is worth adhering to some rules. There is no need to play the game until everyone gets bored with it. It would be nice to take a break for dancing or refreshments, you can also consider gifts. Sometimes children can play out so much that they don’t even hear the driver. At this time, it is appropriate to play the game. Even at the beginning, you agree with the children about the rule: if an adult pronounces a conditional phrase, everyone immediately freezes. For example, "Cats freeze!" and the children immediately execute the command. Now you can say whatever you want. The children will hear you.

At the end of the game, certificates are awarded to the winners. The funnier the content of the letters, the better. For example: "This certificate allows the owner to brag about victory and show the medal to passers-by." Signature: birthday boy, mom, dad. Merry holiday!

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