Lesson country west and central africa nigeria. African countries. Typical characteristics of countries. Nigeria in faces

slide 6

For the various languages ​​of Nigeria, the Pan-Nigerian alphabet was developed in the 1980s based on

latin.

The official language of Nigeria is English, but Edo, Efik, Adawama Fulfulde, Hausa, Idoma, Igba, Central Kanuri, and Yoruba are also widely spoken among the population. In total, there are 527 languages ​​in Nigeria, of which 514 are alive, 2 are second without native speakers, 11 are dead. Local languages ​​are used mainly for communication and in mass media, some languages ​​are also taught in schools. Most of the country's population speaks two or more languages.

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Nigeria has two mainstream religions. Islam dominates in the north of the country, and is also common in the southwestern part of it, among the Yoruba people. Protestantism and local syncretic Christianity are also common among the Yoruba, while Catholicism prevails among the Igbo people. Protestantism and Catholicism are professed by the peoples: Ibibio, Annang and Efik. The 12 states of Nigeria have Sharia law.

Slide 8

The structure of the state

Nigeria is a multi-party republic. Nigeria is a federal presidential republic. The current Nigerian constitution was adopted on May 29, 1999.

Slide 9

Legislature

Bicameral National Assembly Upper House - Senate (109 seats). Senators are elected by majority system of relative majority in 36 three-member and one single-member districts. The President of the Senate is elected indirectly from among the senators.

The lower house is the House of Representatives (360 seats). Deputies are elected by majority system of relative majority. The term of office of all deputies is 4 years.

73 seats in the Senate and 213 in the House of Representatives are controlled by the pro-presidential People's Democratic Party(NDP) (centrists). The All People's Party (Conservatives) has 28 and 95 seats.

Slide 10

executive power

The President is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He is elected by universal direct secret ballot for a term of 4 years and can hold office for no more than two consecutive terms. In May 2006, the Senate refused to approve a constitutional amendment allowing the president to run for a third term. The current president is Goodluck Jonathan.

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Main industries

Petroleum, textile, footwear, chemical, cement production.

Nigeria is the main producer of Lumbit.

Extraction of oil, coal, tin, columbite; production of palm oil, cotton, rubber, processing of hides and skins, production of textiles; cement and other building materials; food industry; footwear production; chemical products and fertilizers; aluminum production.

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Currency unit

The Nigerian naira was put into circulation on the territory of the country on January 1, 1973, replacing the Nigerian pound.

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Climate of Nigeria

The climate is influenced by two air masses - equatorial sea air, associated with moisture-carrying winds, and tropical continental air, associated with the dry and dusty Harmattan wind that blows from the Sahara desert. There are two seasons - wet (March - September), which in the south of the country is separated by a short dry interval in August, and dry (October - February). There is more rainfall in the south than in the north. The average annual precipitation on the coast is 1800-3800 mm, and on the northern outskirts of the country - less than 25 mm. Scorching heat and severe thunderstorms herald the start and end of the wet season, but between May and August, when most of the precipitation falls, severe short-term thunderstorms give way to more prolonged rains. Average temperatures are high and about the same in the north and south of the country. In the south, humidity is also high with constant heat, although temperatures rarely exceed 32 ° C, while in the north seasonal differences are noticeable, and daily temperature fluctuations are significant during the dry season. In the northeast, temperatures in the shade can reach 38°C. There are also frosts.

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Fauna of Nigeria

The accommodation of the animals depends on the vegetation. Crocodiles, monkeys and snakes live in the southern swamps and forests, while antelopes (several species), camels, hyenas, and sometimes giraffes and lions are found in the north. Other animals found in tropical forests and wet savannahs are elephants, gazelles, gorillas, and leopards. The rivers are home to numerous species of fish, crocodiles and hippos. African bustards, vultures, kites, hawks, snipes, quails, pigeons, ostriches and parakeets live here.

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Flora of Nigeria

Mangrove and freshwater wetland forests predominate on the coast, but then give way to a strip of dense rainforest, in which the main tree species are kaya (redwood), high chlorophora and hard resin triplochiton. The oil palm is found growing wild in the tropical rainforest, and in densely populated areas the shrubbery of this palm has replaced the forest. In the more northern regions, the forest thins out and is replaced by tall grasses. This is the Guinean savanna, in which trees such as baobab, false locust and tamarind grow. More open savannahs occur north of the line marking the northern limit of root crop cultivation, while desert landscapes predominate in the far northeast. Acacia (source of gum arabic) and mimosa are common there.

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Culture of Nigeria

Nigerian culture has a rich history and is a fusion of the many subcultures of the various communities living in the state.

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Music

The style of folk music in Nigeria is associated with the many ethnic groups in the country, each with its own musical instruments and songs. Little is known of the country's musical history prior to European colonization, although evidence found in excavations shows that musicians and their instruments have been painted on various objects since the 16th and 17th centuries.

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Literature

There are many talented writers in Nigeria. Many of them have won awards in literary competitions, including: Daniel Fagunwa, Chinua Achebe, Wole Shoyinka, Femi Osofisan, Ken Saro-Wiwa, Ciprian Ekwenzi, Buchi Emecheta, Elechi Amadi and Ben Okri.

Slide 19

Cinema

Nigeria is second in the world in terms of the number of feature films released (872 films in 2006), second only to India (1091 films) and surpassing the United States (485 films). The Nigerian film industry, by analogy with Hollywood, is called Nollywood. The average cost to produce a feature film in Nigeria is around $15,000.

Slide 20

Sport

The national sport, as in many countries, is football. The football team has achieved significant success, it took part in four world championships in 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2010, won the African Cup in 1980 and 1994. In 1996, Nigeria won gold at the Olympics, defeating Argentina in the final. In 2005, the Nigerian team played in the final of the World Under-20 Football Championship. In 2007, Nigeria won the U17 World Cup for the third time (Brazil has the same number of victories). Many Nigerian football players play in European championships.

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Nigeria also participates in other sports such as basketball, cricket and athletics. Boxing is also a popular sport in Nigeria.

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Nigeria in faces

Dick Tiger-Nigerian Boxing Champion (1953), British Commonwealth Champion (1958-1960), World Middleweight and Light Heavyweight Champion. He was recognized as the best boxer in 1962, 1966.

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Samuel Peter is a Nigerian professional boxer who competes in the heavyweight division. Former world heavyweight champion.

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Peter Osase Odemwingie - Nigerian and Russian footballer, player of the Nigerian national team, in which he was three times the bronze medalist of the African Cup of Nations, forward English club West Bromwich Albion.

Slide 25

Chidi Odia is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a defender for CSKA Moscow and the Nigerian national team. Winner of the Russian Super Cup: 2004, 2006, 2009.

African Youth Cup Winner: 2001.

UEFA Cup winner: 2004/05.

Geography lesson “Countries of Africa. Egypt, Grade 7

Kriulina I.A. GBOU RK "SSSH No. 1 No.

lesson type-"Discovery of new knowledge"
Technology: developing, group (in small groups), ICT, health-saving.

Lesson Objectives: To arouse students' interest in research activities in the course of studying material of a country-specific nature. Create conditions that motivate students to independent, proactive and creative development of educational material in the process of cognitive activity. To model the lesson in such a way that four types of activity would be manifested in students: thinking, action, speech, and emotional and personal perception of information.

Educational:

To form ideas about the countries of Africa on the example of Egypt, about the peculiarities of the nature of this state, about the population and its economic activity. To teach how to apply the knowledge gained in the study of a general overview of the mainland in the process of considering a particular state.

Developing:

To develop the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships between the components of nature. To ensure the development of abilities for evaluative actions, self-assessment of one's work. Improve the ability to obtain knowledge from various sources of information (textbook, presentation, story, photographs, natural aids) When teaching, develop students' cognitive interest, will, emotions, cognitive abilities - speech, memory, attention, imagination, perception.

Educational:

To cultivate a humanistic attitude towards the peoples of the world, the ability to work in pairs; develop mutual assistance. To form in students a scientific worldview, moral qualities of the individual, views and beliefs.

Group form of work in pairs
Planned results

Subject: Learn to find distinctive features African countries; establish the main features of the geographical location, nature, population and economy of Egypt.

Metasubject:

Cognitive: work with various sources of information and convert it from one form to another (photo to oral); establish cause-and-effect relationships and draw conclusions.

Regulatory: work according to the proposed plan; independently evaluate the results of their activities.

Communicative: to work in small group; build productive interaction; use various information resources to create an image of the country.

Personal: formation and development of cognitive interest in the study of geography; the ability to independently select the knowledge necessary to solve the tasks, self-assessment of the results of their work.
Forms of work: practical, group
Resources: technical training aids: projector, screen.
Material: cards, natural aids (pyramid, banana model, Egyptian money, papyrus), success sheets, pyramids of two colors for reflection.

Intersubject communications: history, mathematics.

Lesson form - lesson - quest

During the classes:

Organizational moment, motivation of educational activity

What continent did you study during several lessons? - Africa.

You found out the geographical position of the mainland and determined that due to the location of Africa in the equatorial and tropical zones, this is the hottest mainland.

They characterized the relief and found out that the highest point of the mainland is Mt. Kilimanjaro, characterized the mineral wealth of the mainland, its climate, inland waters, natural areas. You learned about the peoples of Africa.

What else do you think we need to know about Africa? Pay attention to the map that hangs on the board. (Political map)

That's right - the countries of Africa.

And what can we learn from the map about countries?

Geographical position, which country is larger, which is smaller, with which countries it borders, whether it has access to the sea, the capital of the country. This is all the geographical location of African countries.

So what is the purpose of our lesson- to identify the features of the geographical position of African countries.

Today our lesson will take the form of a quest. I offer you 5 stages - tasks that you need to overcome. Today you yourself will grade yourself for the lesson, for this I will give you success sheets. I am sure that each of you will be successful. Look, here after each task there is a rating plate, at the end of the lesson you will need to add up all the grades and divide by 5, i.e. find the arithmetic mean - this will be your estimate.

And so we begin.

In order to pass the first level of the quest, you need to study the presentation and use the political map. (You can use the atlas map, or you can use the textbook on the page 109.

Presentation "Countries of Africa"

How many countries do you think are in Africa?

Find the regions of Africa on the map at the same time as viewing the presentation.

1 quest task. Find on the country map: Egypt, South Africa, Sudan, Nigeria, Madagascar, Chad, Ethiopia, Angola, Mali, Niger.

2. quest task

4. Island state of South Africa

5. An ancient state in the Nile Delta D Sudan

Checking the correctness of the task.

Grade.

Fizkultpauza. Provide psychological relief to students.

African rain.

The wind has picked up in Africa. (Leader rubs palms).

It starts to rain. (Clicking fingers).

The rain is getting stronger. (Alternately clapping the palms on the chest).

The real downpour begins. (Slaps on the hips).

And here is the hail - a real storm. (Stomping feet).

But what is it? The storm subsides. (Slaps on the hips).

The rain subsides. (clapping hands on chest).

Rare drops fall to the ground. (Clicking fingers).

Quiet whisper of the wind. (Rubbing palms).

The sun! (Hands up).

A good friend of mine worked as a doctor in Africa and one day he was called to see a patient. Local residents - Arabs - helped him cross the river, which carried its waters to the sea, the water was warm and clear. Further, his path lay in Deshret, which means "Red Earth". The path through the hot sands was difficult, but the doctor managed to get to the patient in time and cured him. Grateful relatives presented gifts to my friend. He gave them to me and I ask you to find out which country in Africa is it?

1 gift is a banana - yellow and small in size

The 2nd gift is the money of this country.

3rd gift - a stone of a strange shape

The 4th gift is an interesting picture - papyrus.

The 5th gift is the water of the sacred Nile.

Guessed - well done. Fill in the assessment for task 3

Why is the Nile sacred to the Egyptians?

Guess the riddles:
1. The Nile Blue originates here
You and I need to guess the country
This country lies on the highlands, mysterious (Ethiopia)

2. Sweet figs grow in the north, this country is hot (Algeria)

3. The country on the "nose of the rhinoceros", a pirate "road" nearby.

Sailors are afraid to sail there, this is a country (Somalia)

Those who guessed correctly - add yourself a point and calculate the result

Work with the textbook.

Open tutorial on page 114.

What do we already know about Egypt?

Work with the presentation "Egypt"

4 task test.

Checking the job.

5 task– photos and questions Reply with 1 sentence.

1.What surprised you in Egypt?

2. What do I know about Egypt from the history course?

3. Tell us about the nature of Egypt.

4. Why do I want to go to Egypt?

5.Economic activity of the population in Egypt.

6 What attractions attract tourists to Egypt?

7. Modern Egypt, what is it like?

8. What do people who live in the desert do?

9. What is the originality of Egypt?

10. Tell us about the role of the Nile River for the Egyptians.

Distribute oral questions.

Average rating - calculator.

D.Z. study paragraph 29, write out the sights of Egypt in a notebook, prepare for a knowledge control lesson on Africa.

And in order to make it easier to complete the task, I have prepared notes for today's lesson for you.

Reflection: gold and silver pyramids.

On the gold ones write what you liked in the lesson, on the silver ones what you didn’t like.

In the meantime, I will collect your success sheets and give them to your teacher Irina Mikhailovna so that she puts her grades in the journal.

Today we talked with you about the fact that the Nile is a sacred river for the Egyptians - it is the river of life. And from the bright sun, the droplets of water in the river shimmer with all the colors of the rainbow. And today I want to give you gifts, guys, in memory of our lesson - rainbow drops of the Nile, which will bring you joy and fulfill the most cherished desires if you quietly ask them about it.

Choose. Thank you for the lesson.

Africa is the ancestral home of man. The modern population of Africa is three main races : Caucasoid, Equatorial and Mongoloid.

Representatives Caucasian races live mainly in northern Africa. These are the Arab peoples (Algerians, Moroccans, Egyptians, etc.) who speak Arabic, as well as the Berbers who speak the Berber language. They are characterized by dark skin, dark hair and eyes, an elongated skull, a narrow nose and an oval face.

Most of the mainland south of the Sahara is inhabited by Negroids, who make up African branch equatorial race. Among Negroids there are significant differences in skin color, height, facial features, and head shape.

The peoples of the equatorial forest zone - pygmies - undersized (below 150 cm). Their skin color is less dark than that of many other Negroids, their lips are thin, their nose is broad, and they are stocky. Pygmies are forest dwellers.

Bushmen and Hottentots live in the semi-deserts and deserts of South Africa. They are characterized by a yellowish-brown skin color, a wide flat face, which gives them a resemblance to the Mongoloids. The Bushmen, like the Pygmies, are short but thin-boned.

Some experts refer to the intermediate race Ethiopians . They are distinguished by a lighter, but with a reddish tinge, skin coloration. In appearance, the Ethiopians are closer to the southern branch of the Caucasoid race.

African countries.

According to natural conditions, the composition of the population, Africa can be divided into four parts: 1) North, 2) West and Central, 3) East, 4) South.

North Africa extends from the Mediterranean Sea and occupies most of the Sahara desert. According to natural conditions, one can distinguish the subtropical north and the Sahara desert. Almost the entire population of North Africa belongs to the Caucasoid race.

To West Africa They refer to that part of the continent that is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean from the south and west, includes part of the Sahara in the north, and extends to Lake Chad in the east. AT Central Africa includes the territory located between the Tropic of the North and 13 ° S. sh. This part of the mainland receives the largest number solar heat and moisture, therefore, vegetable and animal world. Most of the population of the mainland and about half of the states of Africa are concentrated in this region. The population is unusually diverse, mostly people belonging to the Negroid race. The linguistic composition of the population is motley. Diverse and appearance peoples. Some have very dark skin and curly hair, others fair-skinned. There are also big differences in height. Pygmies live in the equatorial forests of Central Africa.

East Africa located to the east of the Congo basin, occupies the high part of the mainland (see Fig. 62). Here are located large lakes of the mainland, the highest point of the continent, the most grandiose faults of the earth's crust in the world, the longest river in the world originates. Savannahs dominate in East Africa. However, due to the great diversity of the relief, there are noticeable differences in climate and vegetation. Significant areas here are reserved for nature reserves and national parks.

South Africa occupies a narrow part of the mainland, lying south of the watershed of the Congo-Zambezi rivers. The plateau of South Africa in the central part goes down, and in the basin lies the Kalahari semi-desert. Towards the edges, the plateau gradually rises, and in the east it passes into the Dragon Mountains. In the very south rise the folded-blocky Cape Mountains, younger than the rest of South Africa. Most of South Africa is occupied by savannahs.

countries and capitals.