Trichomoniasis (syn. - trichomoniasis) is one of the STDs (sexually transmitted diseases).
There are three types of Trichomonas in the human body. Intestinal Trichomonas lives in the large intestine, and when the immune system is weakened, it can cause enterocolitis.
Oral (buccal) Trichomonas lives in the oral cavity. Its pathogenicity (the ability to cause disease) has not been proven. The third type, Trichomonas vaginalis (Trichomonas vaginalis) can affect the genitourinary system of men and women.
Structurally, Trichomonas are unicellular organisms. They are equipped with flagella, which provide them with mobility.
Trichomonas - anaerobes, exist in an airless environment. The optimal temperature regime for the life of Trichomonas is 35 0 -37 0 C, which corresponds to the temperature of the human body.
Trichomonas are sensitive to the action of antiseptics, acids and alkalis, as well as to drying, heating and ultraviolet rays. Therefore, in the external environment, they quickly die.
Trichomonas are characterized by pronounced polymorphism - their cellular structure changes under the influence of various factors. At the same time, they can disguise themselves as epithelial cells and blood elements (platelets, leukocytes), which makes their diagnosis difficult.
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Ways of infection
The main route of infection with Trichomonas vaginalis is sexual contact. Once on the mucous membrane of the vagina or urethra, Trichomonas secrete enzymes that damage epithelial cells. In this case, Trichomonas through the intercellular spaces can even penetrate into the lymphatic and blood vessels.
Trichomonas activate many biologically active substances, incl. and prostaglandins, which increase uterine contractility. During pregnancy, this can lead to spontaneous abortions and the birth of children with a deep degree of prematurity.
The infection can be transmitted from a sick mother to a child during childbirth. True, the probability of birth infection is low - about 5%. In this case, as a rule, girls suffer, which is due to the peculiarities of the structure of the female genitalia. Infection with Trichomonas in everyday life through common objects is unlikely.
Due to the pronounced polymorphism, Trichomonas often serve as a reservoir for pathogens of other STDs - mycoplasmas, ureoplasms, gonococci, pathogenic fungi that penetrate Trichomonas cells and spread with them. In this case, there is a mutual aggravation of trichomoniasis and these STDs.
Symptoms of trichomoniasis
The incubation period is approximately 10 days, but can vary from 2-3 to 30-40 days. In women, the first symptoms of the disease begin with urethritis, colpitis and endocervicitis - inflammation of the urethra, vagina and cervical canal.
At the same time, patients complain of itching and burning in the vagina, painful sexual intercourse, cramps during urination. The mucous membrane of the vagina is reddened, edematous, sometimes covered with erosions and ulcerations.
A distinctive symptom of trichomoniasis is profuse, frothy, fetid vaginal discharge of yellow and green color.
Trichomonas infection can lead to an increase and redness of the Bartholin glands in the vestibule of the vagina.
The severity of these symptoms can be different, in connection with which they distinguish acute, subacute, torpid and chronic trichomoniasis in women.
In the latter case, clinical manifestations are scarce or completely absent. Asymptomatic forms of trichomoniasis are due to the variability of some strains of Trichomonas. However, when a new partner is infected, these strains "awaken" and fully manifest their pathogenic properties.
Unlike women, trichomoniasis in men manifests itself in a more erased, asymptomatic form.
The disease begins with urethritis and its typical manifestations - pain and pain along the urethra, aggravated by urination, scanty mucopurulent discharge. Moderate symptoms in men are due to the fact that less comfortable conditions for Trichomonas are created in the male urethra than in the vagina.
In rare cases, it is even possible to spontaneously get rid of Trichomonas a few days after infection. However, most often the infection spreads further to the prostate gland and testicles with appendages.
Among the long-term consequences of trichomoniasis in men are strictures (narrowing) of the urethra and infertility. As for trichomoniasis in newborn girls, it is manifested by vulvovaginitis, similar to that in adult women.
Diagnosis and treatment
To detect trichomonas, smear microscopy, bakposev, enzyme immunoassay methods are used. Due to the polymorphism of trichomonas cells, the effectiveness of these methods is low, and repeated studies are often required.
A good result is given by PCR - a polymerase chain reaction based on the identification of Trichomonas DNA.
Treatment of trichomoniasis is carried out with specific antitrichomoniasis agents, the most famous of which is Metronidazole (Metrogil, Trichopolum). Antibiotics are ineffective, and are prescribed only as adjuvants to combat concomitant infection.
So here's the official estimate.
Notice the last number. Do you understand what this means? That the official figures are about 10 times too low!
Then the hypothesis was put forward and confirmed that persistent bronchitis, pneumonia and acute respiratory infections are most often the result of the colonization of the alveoli of the lungs by roundworm larvae, and other worms.
Psoriasis, vitalgo- diseases from the colonization of the skin with worms (filariae), and the subcutaneous tissue with trichines. In a duet with mushrooms (trichophyton), they create a picture of skin defects and itching.
Found out that bronchial asthma always begins with roundworms when their larvae damage the tissue of the alveoli. After them, mushrooms begin their work. They deeply destroy the lung mucosa and its innervation system.
But the most unexpected discoveries in this area were made in 1989 - an application for the discovery of NK-427 and this discovery is called like this: " The property of Trichomonas to turn into a tumor cell".
Atherosclerosis- a disease of colonization of the walls of blood vessels by Trichomonas.
Trichomonas is called the number one biological adversary for humans. More than 300 subspecies of Trichomonas have already been discovered.
Intestinal Trichomonas(opened in 1926) causes a disease - hemocolitis, colitis; enterocolitis, cholecystitis, edema, erosion, polyps.
Oral Trichomonas. Little studied. Its habitats are the oral cavity, respiratory tract, tonsils, gum pockets, sputum, eye conjunctiva and blood. Ulcers on the skin, tumors in the lungs are often the result of infection with oral Trichomonas.
Experiments show that oral trichomoniasis can lead to paralysis, gastroenteritis, damage to the joints of the legs, damage to the liver, other organs, infertility and miscarriages.
Oral Trichomonas- the most common. Caries and periodontal disease - a consequence of her life.
Urogenital Trichomonas is the causative agent of an inflammatory disease of the reproductive system - trichomoniasis. The main method of infection is sexual contact. Extra-sexual infection (through bedding, toilet items, etc.) is rare. Newborns can become infected from a mother with trichomoniasis. Urogenital Trichomonas is not resistant to various environmental factors and quickly dies. Both men and women are sick. In men, trichomoniasis goes unnoticed.
However, Trichomonas can cause inflammation of the urethra (urethritis). There are slight mucous discharges. Untreated trichomoniasis in a man spreads to the epididymis (epidermitis). Often leads to the development of impotence and infertility.
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(trichomoniasis) - genital infection causing inflammation of the urinary tract. Manifested by signs of colpitis, urethritis, cystitis, proctitis. Often combined with other genital infections: chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasma, candidiasis, etc. In the acute stage, abundant vaginal discharge, itching and burning in women and pain during urination in men are noted. In the absence of adequate treatment, it becomes chronic and can later cause prostatitis, infertility, complicated pregnancy and childbirth, childhood pathology and mortality.
General information
(or trichomoniasis) urogenital is a disease exclusively of the human genitourinary system. The causative agent of trichomoniasis is vaginal (vaginal) Trichomonas, sexually transmitted.
The target organs of trichomoniasis in men are the urethra, prostate, testicles and their appendages, seminal vesicles, and in women - the vagina, the vaginal part of the cervical canal, the urethra. Trichomonas vaginalis in women is found more often due to more pronounced manifestations of trichomoniasis and more frequent visits doctor for preventive purposes. Basically, trichomoniasis affects women of reproductive age from 16 to 35 years. During childbirth, infection with trichomoniasis of a newborn from a sick mother occurs in about 5% of cases. In newborns, trichomoniasis occurs in a mild form due to the structural features of the epithelium and is able to heal itself.
In men, usually, the presence of trichomonas does not cause obvious symptoms of trichomoniasis, they are often carriers of trichomonas and, without experiencing obvious discomfort, transmit the infection to their sexual partners. Trichomoniasis can be one of the causes of non-gonococcal urethritis, chronic prostatitis and epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis), contribute to the development male infertility due to a decrease in sperm motility and viability.
Infection with trichomoniasis mainly occurs through sexual contact. Household way - through contaminated linen, towels, swimwear, trichomoniasis is transmitted extremely rarely.
The number of diseases associated with trichomoniasis is large. Trichomoniasis is often detected with other STI pathogens (gonococci, chlamydia, ureaplasmas, Candida fungi, herpes viruses). It is now believed that Trichomonas contribute to the development of diabetes, mastopathy, allergies, and even cancer.
Biological features of the causative agent of trichomoniasis
Trichomonas are fixed in the cells of the mucous membrane of the urinary tract and cause an inflammatory process there. Trichomonas waste products poison the human body, reduce its immunity.
Trichomonas can live in the genitals and even in the bloodstream, where they penetrate through the lymphatic pathways, intercellular spaces with the help of the enzyme hyaluronidase. Trichomonas are extremely adapted to existence in the human body: they can change shape, disguise themselves as blood plasma cells (platelets, lymphocytes) - which makes it difficult to diagnose trichomoniasis; "cling" to other microbes and in this way evade the body's immune attack.
Microorganisms (gonococci, ureaplasmas, chlamydia, fungi of the genus Candida, herpes viruses, cytomegalovirus), getting inside Trichomonas, find protection there from the action of drugs and the human immune system. Mobile Trichomonas can spread other microbes through the genitourinary system and through the blood vessels. By damaging the epithelium, Trichomonas reduce its protective function, and facilitate the penetration of microbes and sexually transmitted viruses (including HIV).
Trichomonas carriage is isolated as a form of trichomoniasis, in which the pathogen is detected in the laboratory, but there are no manifestations of the disease. This division is conditional, since different forms trichomoniasis can pass into each other. Erased forms of trichomoniasis play a large role in the spread of the disease. The pathogen living in the genitourinary system is a source of infection for a partner during intercourse and its own re-infection.
Trichomoniasis is dangerous for its complications, because it increases the risk of transmission of other infections (including HIV), pregnancy pathologies (premature birth, stillbirth), the development of infertility (male and female), cervical cancer, chronic diseases of the genitourinary system. In the presence of similar symptoms, and even in the absence of them, it is necessary to be examined for trichomoniasis, and possibly other STIs. This is important for women planning pregnancy, for sexual partners - Trichomonas carriers and patients with trichomoniasis; for everyone leading an active sex life.
Self-treatment of trichomoniasis can lead to the opposite result: Trichomonas become more aggressive, begin to multiply more actively, while the disease acquires hidden or atypical forms. Diagnosis and treatment of trichomoniasis in this case is much more difficult.
Diagnosis of trichomoniasis
Diagnosis of trichomoniasis is to detect the pathogen using various methods.
Based on the complaints of patients and examination, it is possible to suspect the presence of Trichomonas. When examining women with trichomoniasis, signs of inflammation are observed - swelling and hyperemia of the vulva and vagina. During colposcopy, a symptom of "strawberry cervix" can be observed: redness of the mucosa with pinpoint and focal hemorrhages on the cervix. Dysplasia of the epithelium is noted, sometimes the appearance of atypical epithelial cells is possible.
Reliably trichomoniasis is detected using laboratory methods:
- microscopy of the test material (for women - smears from the vagina and urethra, for men - smears from the urethra);
- cultural (microbiological) method using artificial nutrient media;
- immunological method;
- PCR - diagnostics.
Trichomoniasis in men is more difficult to diagnose, due to the lack of symptoms, in addition, trichomonas in this course of the disease are in an atypical amoeboid form. Before planning a pregnancy, both a man and a woman should undergo a complete examination for STIs, including trichomoniasis.
Treatment of trichomoniasis
Treatment of trichomoniasis is carried out by venereologists, gynecologists and urologists. It must be carried out in any form of the disease, regardless of the presence or absence of manifestations. Treatment of trichomoniasis should be carried out simultaneously for sexual partners (even with negative analyzes of one of them). Treatment of trichomoniasis in only one of the sexual partners is ineffective, since re-infection may occur after treatment. The production of antibodies against the causative agent of trichomoniasis does not form a stable immunity; after treatment, you can get sick again when re-infected.
Treatment of trichomoniasis must be combined with the treatment of other STIs that often accompany the disease.
Trichomoniasis is considered cured when the pathogen is not detected during diagnosis and no clinical symptoms are observed. sex life excluded during treatment. It is necessary to inform your sexual partner about the presence of trichomoniasis and other STDs, about the need for examination and treatment.
The result of treatment of trichomoniasis depends on the normalization of the microflora of the genitourinary system and the body as a whole. In women, for this purpose, a vaccine against inactivated lactobacilli acidophilus is used. Perhaps the appointment of immunomodulatory drugs.
The causative agent of this disease is the simplest microscopic creature that freely and actively moves with the help of its flagella - Trichomonas. Experts say that there are three types of Trichomonas in the world:
Oral, which occurs in some gum diseases;
- intestinal, which lives in the human intestine and is excreted in environment with his feces;
- vaginal, which mainly develops in the vagina, but can also affect the overlying parts of the genitourinary system, including the bladder.
Trichomoniasis is dangerous for both women and men, who are just as susceptible to Trichomonas infection. Two-thirds of cases of the disease occur without visible symptoms, i.e., asymptomatically, which greatly aggravates the social danger of this type of infection.
The defeat of the vagina in the form of specific vaginitis or colpitis is the most common manifestation of trichomoniasis in women. Characteristic symptoms are severe itching and abundant "foamy" mucopurulent discharge from the vagina. The disease begins acutely and is accompanied by significant discomfort in life. Many women mistakenly consider this disease to be a fungus, but fungal diseases - candidiasis, thrush - very rarely affect the genitals of a woman and have nothing to do with trichomoniasis.
Trichomonas vulvitis is the second most frequent manifestation. Damage to the skin of the vulva is a common manifestation in advanced untreated trichomoniasis. It manifests itself in the form of red spots, superficial erosions and even ulcerative lesions. At the same time, burning and itching in the affected areas are very disturbing.
To the modern features of trichomoniasis, doctors involved in the treatment of this complex disease include the resistance of existing strains of the pathogen to drugs, in particular to the popular nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, tinidazole, etc.), due to their uncontrolled mass application when trying to self-medicate. Another feature is manifested in the fact that only in every 10-15 sick people the disease proceeds as a monoinfection. In other cases, the disease is caused by mixed sexual infections: mycoplasma, gonococcus, bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia, fungi. And the worst of latest discoveries experts - trichomoniasis facilitates infection and promotes the spread of human immunodeficiency virus - HIV.
Unfavorable pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low fetal weight are associated with vaginal trichomoniasis. In a sick mother, as a rule, the newborn will also be infected, which can lead to the development of pneumonia in the child, regardless of gender.
Infection occurs through sexual contact. Signs of this disease in men are: itching in the urethra, purulent discharge, pain and burning during urination. You should also be aware that men are often carriers of Trichomonas. The latter may not cause pain in men for a long time, however, during sexual intercourse, a woman becomes infected with Trichomonas. It is almost impossible to figure out who is to blame, so doctors talk about the mutual infection of men and women. And if this disease is detected in the wife, they advise the husband to be examined and also undergo a course of appropriate treatment. If these measures are not taken, then the treatment of trichomoniasis in a woman will be unsuccessful, as she will be re-infected.
In addition, it has been established that trichomonads, released outward along with the vaginal mucus, can maintain their vital activity for many hours. These secretions can remain on the linen, on the toilet seat, on the bench in the bath. In these cases, there is a real danger of infection of healthy women with Trichomonas. In hot water, above 50 ° C, Trichomonas die in a few minutes. Therefore, before using common items in the bath, they should be thoroughly wiped with a disinfectant solution or washed with hot water. Trichomonas can be transferred from a sick woman to a healthy one when using a common washcloth, sponge, common linen, towel, etc. The source of infection for girls is almost always sick mothers or other female family members.
What worries about trichomonas infection?
What signs accompany the infection of a woman? The main symptom of trichomonas colpitis is a large number of whiter. Whites have the appearance of thick milk with a yellowish or gray tint, often with bubbles of foam. There are sometimes so many discharges that a woman has to change her underwear several times a day. These whites irritate the skin and mucous membranes in the genital area, cause itching, burning. In the acute course of the disease, there is a feeling of "swelling" in the vulva and in the vagina.
Often the disease is accompanied by pain during sexual intercourse, which sometimes leads to the impossibility of sexual activity. But at the same time, numerous studies have confirmed the fact that in some cases trichomonads can exist in the vagina without causing painful phenomena, which is "trichomonas carrier" without the manifestation of the disease. However, when the body is weakened or under the influence of some harmful factor on the vaginal mucosa, the calmed Trichomonas revive and penetrate into the thickness of the mucosa, causing characteristic inflammatory processes. A similar circumstance explains the fact that trichomonas colpitis can suddenly appear in the first days after menstruation, as well as after childbirth, when the "protective" mechanisms of the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix are weakened or broken.
The diagnosis of the disease is established according to the clinical examination and determination of the type of pathogen laboratory methods- a smear is taken for microbiological examination.
The treatment of the disease, due to its insidiousness and variability, resistance to common drugs, should be handled by specialists who are able to develop an individual treatment regimen for each specific patient. General recommendations are not suitable here. What helped a friend can easily complicate the life of a woman who followed her advice. Therefore, self-medication is excluded! At the time of treatment, a specialist can advise the following:
Do not wear tights, tight jeans and synthetic underwear;
- it is useful to wear loose cotton underwear;
- It is not recommended to use vaginal tampons;
- Do not use deodorants and perfumes to treat the perineum.
According to scientific data, trichomonas is found in 10% of healthy women and more than 30% of people who visit dermatovenereological clinics.
To inflammatory pathologies of the genitourinary organs, the causative agents of which are protozoa, include trichomoniasis.
The structure of Trichomonas
Trichomonas are classified as protozoa. They have a relatively high degree of organization, which includes all the basic vital functions (basic metabolism, mobility, reproduction, etc.).
Trichomonas under the microscope often have an oval-pear shape, but some conditions can give them an elongated, octagonal and other shapes.
Trichomonas moves with the help of flagella and a wavy membrane, feeds in human body phagocytic and endosomatic pathways.
Trichomonas can develop resistance to medications.
The life cycle of Trichomonas in artificial nutrient media takes place only at a temperature of 36.5-37 C. It can retain the ability to live in acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline conditions. The optimal environment for Trichomonas is 5.2-6.2 pH.
Types of Trichomonas
There are several varieties of Trichomonas. One of the most potentially dangerous is intestinal trichomonas, and the most common is oral.
Urogenital Trichomonas (Trichomonas vaginalis - Trichomonas vaginalis) lives in the reproductive system, where it is introduced during sexual contact. Feeds on epithelial cells various types bacteria. The method of infection through bedding and personal hygiene items is so rare that it is practically not considered. The defeat of urogenital trichomonas can manifest itself in the form of urethritis, endocervicitis, epidermitis, can cause the development of infertility and impotence.
There are no Trichomonas that are safe for the body. All types of diseases require mandatory examination and treatment.
How is Trichomonas transmitted?
Infection occurs usually through sexual contact, and mainly after casual sexual contact. Transmission of the infection is also possible through contact with personal items of the patient.
The development of Trichomonas may be favored by:
- high virulence of the pathogen;
- chronic pathologies in the body ( diabetes, tuberculosis);
- decrease in immune forces in the body under the influence of external factors (toxic infections, hypothermia, poor nutrition);
- urethritis and vaginitis of various origins.
Often, the defeat of Trichomonas can be combined with gonorrhea or chlamydia.
Trichomonas symptoms
To trichomoniasis, as well as to gonorrhea, immunity is not produced.
The incubation period for trichomonas is on average equal to 10 days, but in some cases it can be reduced to 2-3 days, or extended to 30-40 days.
Trichomonas in men proceeds, as a rule, according to the type of acute or chronic form urethritis, often representing a sluggish process. Cases of the latent course of the disease, as well as the carriage of Trichomonas without any signs of pathology, are described.
The initial inflammatory reaction develops in the anterior lobe of the urethra, subsequently spreading to the posterior lobe. The disease is not characterized by a specific picture of symptoms. The severity of subjective sensations is extremely insignificant and does not differ in constancy. Sometimes there may be itching and burning in the urethra, there may be pain during the act of urination. Inflammatory reaction in the external opening of the urethra is rare. Urethral discharge (purulent, mucoid, clear or mucopurulent, sometimes frothy) may be present.
Often affects the prostate, epididymis, glandular system foreskin, bladder, kidneys. Pathology is often complicated by prostatitis, balanoposthitis and epididymitis.
There is no evidence of Trichomonas metastasis. We can only assume that sometimes other bacterial infections are also to blame for the development of trichomonas complications.
Trichomonas in women is most often localized in the urethra, vaginal cavity and cervical canal. Relatively rarely, trichomonas are found in the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes.
In the acute stage of the process, patients may complain of discharge, itching and burning of the external reproductive organs. During the examination, pronounced swelling, redness, and the presence of purulent-serous discharge are visible. In some areas of the mucosa, erosion is possible. On mirror examination, the patient notes pain. Accordingly, pain is observed during intercourse. One of the most characteristic signs of Trichomonas can be considered the appearance of foamy discharge.
When the urethra is affected, cutting pains occur during urination. If you press on the urethra, a drop of separated substance may appear from it.
Chronic trichomonas is usually asymptomatic.
Trichomonas during pregnancy
Trichomonas can initially interfere with the onset of pregnancy, therefore, in preparation for conception, you should visit a doctor. Before starting pregnancy planning, it is important to be tested for a possible infection with Trichomonas, as this is a fairly common pathology. Moreover, in half of the cases, the disease occurs without pronounced symptoms, so a woman may not even be aware of a possible infection.
It is necessary to pay attention to some symptoms: urination disorders, inflammatory diseases of the genital area. At the slightest suspicion, you should consult a doctor, since trichomonas can provoke spontaneous abortion, premature labor, interfere with normal physical growth baby (a child can be born prematurely or poorly developed - weighing less than two kg).
If a pregnant woman has obvious clinical signs (burning of the genital organs, itching, foamy discharge) - an analysis for Trichomonas and a doctor's consultation should be urgent.
Feel free to get tested for Trichomonas in advance. This will make your pregnancy safe and healthy.
Trichomonas in children
The most common infection of children with Trichomonas occurs during childbirth, from an infected mother. Boys are not usually affected by this disease. Girls, on the other hand, are susceptible to infection due to their anatomical features: first of all, the pathogen causes an inflammatory process that affects the external genital organs of the newborn. The disease in girls is manifested by the same signs as in adult women (excluding, of course, subjective sensations): these are signs of swelling, redness of the vaginal mucosa, the formation of erosions, and pain during urination.
The first month of life may not show symptoms of the disease. This is due to the fact that, along with the pathogen, antibodies to Trichomonas are also transmitted from the mother to the girl, which for some time fight the infection. However, by the end of the first month of life, the symptoms increase.
The household way of transmission of Trichomonas is considered extremely rare, but it exists. A child can become infected using other people's hygiene products: a towel, linen, washcloth. Children need to be explained what personal hygiene is and why it is needed. By developing good habits in a child, we take care of his healthy future in advance.
The technique for studying live Trichomonas in a smear is very simple: a drop of heated saline is applied to a glass slide, a fresh drop of secretions is added to it; the resulting preparation is covered with a special glass and examined under a microscope.
Microscopic examination must necessarily be carried out immediately after taking the material in order to prevent the impact of the change temperature regime and drying of the drug. Curiously, under a microscope, Trichomonas are recognized by their pendulum-like, pushing, rocking mobility.
Cultural research also plays a role - sowing on Trichomonas. This method is used in case of suspicion of the presence of hidden and asymptomatic variants of the course of urogenital trichomoniasis, as well as to confirm the effectiveness of the treatment of patients.
In situations where, for some reason, a smear cannot be taken, a centrifuged first morning urine stream can be used for analysis. Flakes that appear are removed from it with a special pipette, which are then applied to a glass slide for examination.
Trichomonas provocation is carried out with an injection of proginal. This is done in order to weaken the body's immune defenses for some time, so that the pathogen (if any) is again visible in the smear. The intake of alcoholic beverages or spicy and salty foods can also serve as a provocation.
A blood test for Trichomonas is not carried out. There is another informative blood test that determines the presence of antibodies to Trichomonas. It's called enzyme immunoassay. The positive aspects of this method include the fact that the localization of the process does not matter to obtain the results. Blood is taken on an empty stomach, from a vein. The only condition for preparing for the test is the exclusion of alcohol and spicy salty foods per day.
The polymerase chain reaction method is another accurate diagnostic method that is based on the study of Trichomonas DNA. For such a study, you can use blood, discharge from the urethra, vagina, etc. Thanks to this type of diagnosis, pathogens can be detected at the initial stage of their development, which speeds up recovery and prevents further progression of the disease.
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Sulfanilamide preparations and antibiotics for trichomonas do not have a therapeutic effect: they are prescribed only in cases of mixed infectious flora. In such situations, antibiotics relieve the inflammatory reaction and contribute to a speedy recovery.
Significant effect in the treatment of Trichomonas has metronidazole (Flagil, Trichopolum), which is used for oral administration.
The scheme for the treatment of trichomonas with the drug Trichopolum is presented in the three most popular options:
- in a daily dose of 0.5 g, divided into two doses, for 10 days;
- the first four days - 0.25 g three times a day, the next four days - 0.25 g twice a day;
- the first day - 0.5 g twice a day, the second day - 0.25 g three times, on the third and fourth days - 0.25 g twice a day.
Some patients avoid the use of metronidazole due to side effects of the drug: these are dyspeptic disorders, stomach discomfort, and vomiting. In such cases, the drug is replaced by ornidazole, which is much more easily tolerated by patients.
According to statistics, recovery after the first course of therapy is observed in approximately 90% of cases. In some patients, posttrichomoniasis inflammation may subsequently remain, which must be treated additionally.
After stopping the signs of acute inflammation, women who have been diagnosed with vulvitis and vaginitis can be prescribed douching with a decoction of chamomile and sage.
Treatment of chronic trichomonas, as well as a complicated course of the disease, can be reduced to the use, in addition to the above treatment, of the methods used in the corresponding gonorrhea clinic. They also prescribe drugs that stimulate the body's defenses (complex vitamins, immunostimulants - thymogen, kipferon, imunorix, isoprinosine, glutoxim, apilac, myelopid, prodigiosan).
Patients with trichomonas are prescribed tinidazole in an amount of 2 g as a single dose. For internal use, Nitazol tablets are produced for Trichomonas, which contain nitazol, milk sugar, starch, talc and stearic acid. The drug is taken three times a day for 5-10 days.
As a local treatment, a combination of chloramphenicol (0.2 g), boric acid (0.1 g) and hexamethylenetetramine (0.5 g) is effective. In this composition, the drug is injected once a day into the vagina or into the urethra, the course of treatment is 10-15 days.
Trichomonas suppositories are used to treat the urogenital form of the disease. Usually use Klion D, which consists of metronidazole and miconazole nitrate. The remedy is prescribed to women in the amount of one candle at night, before going to bed. The course of therapy with this drug is 10 days.
Male patients may be prescribed treatment with the use of the drug Klion D in the form of tablets taken orally. A special effect of such treatment is observed with a mixed course of infection (simultaneous course of trichomoniasis with candidiasis).
A patient with trichomonas can be considered cured if, after a course of treatment for two months, trichomonads were not detected in laboratory tests. Those patients who, after the treatment of Trichomonas, have traces of inflammatory process or tissue dystrophy, physiotherapy procedures can be prescribed: the use of phonophoresis, instillation, diathermy, massage, shading with silver preparations, tamponade.
In the treatment of trichomonas in children, as a rule, the same metronidazole is prescribed, but in a lower dosage than in adults. At the same time, sitz baths or douching with weak antiseptic solutions are taken.
At the time of treatment, it is required to follow a diet that excludes salty, spicy and fatty foods, as well as alcohol.
Trichomonas treatment during pregnancy
In pregnant women, therapy is carried out only from the beginning of the second trimester, using the drug metronidazole and clotrimazole. In this case, treatment is prescribed to both partners without fail.
- in the first trimester, the use of drugs terzhinan, acilact and bifidumbacterin, which maintain the normal microflora of the vaginal environment, is allowed. Tablets are used daily for 10 days, 1 piece;
- in the second trimester, metronidazole is connected (0.5 g orally twice a day for a week), terzhinan suppositories, clion D, clotrimazole at night for 10 days, after which acylact or bifidumbacterin for 10 days. To correct immunity, they can prescribe rectal suppositories viferon, twice a day for 10 days;
- in the third trimester, metronidazole is also used orally, 0.5 g twice a day for a week. In general, treatment in the first and second trimesters is practically the same.
Folk remedies for Trichomonas
Treatment of Trichomonas at home can only be carried out as an addition to traditional treatment. Trichomonas should not be treated on its own without consulting a doctor: the treatment of the disease must necessarily be controlled by the results of the tests.
It should be noted that one should not be ashamed of the treatment of a sexual infection. It is a shame, being sick or a carrier, to infect others with the infection.
Trichomonas is a very common infection that needs to be treated, and this must be done without fail.
Trichomonas treatment is usually performed on two partners at the same time. Therefore, if a man and a woman undergoing simultaneous treatment for the disease want to live sexually during this period, this is permissible (provided that a condom is used). In such cases, when one partner starts treatment before the other, the risk of re-infection increases. In this situation, sex should be avoided.
By the way, in many women, sexual contact in the presence of a urogenital Trichomonas inflammatory process is extremely painful and unpleasant. Therefore, some refuse sex during the treatment period and for this reason.