Diet number 5 (table number 5)- a therapeutic nutrition system designed for people suffering from diseases of the liver, biliary tract and gallbladder - and other diseases.
Increased consumption of vegetables and fruits enhances the choleretic action, intestinal motility, ensures maximum excretion of cholesterol.
In this nutrition system, strong stimulants of the secretion of the stomach and pancreas, refractory fats, fried foods, foods that are rich in cholesterol, purines are excluded.
The chemical composition of diet number 5:
- proteins 80 g (55% animal origin, 45% vegetable);
- fats 80 g (30% vegetable, 70% animal origin);
- carbohydrates 350-400 g (70-80 g of sugar);
- 10 g;
- liquid 1.5-2 liters.
You can include xylitol and sorbitol (25-40 g).
Weight of the daily ration: 3 kg.
Daily rate of diet number 5: 2400-2600 kcal.
Diet: 4-5 times a day.
Indications for the use of diet No. 5
- chronic hepatitis (without exacerbation);
- chronic cholecystitis;
- cirrhosis of the liver (if there is no insufficiency of function);
- acute hepatitis and cholecystitis (during the recovery period).
Important! Diet No. 5 is prescribed if there are no pronounced pathologies of the stomach and intestines.
Diet number 5 (Table number 5). Food 
What you can eat with diet number 5:
Soups: vegetable, with cereals on vegetable broth, dairy, fruit, vegetarian borscht, beetroot. Zazharka for dressing is not fried in oil, but dried in a pan.
Cereals: any, especially give preference to buckwheat, oatmeal, rice and pasta.
Meat fish: lean meat (skinless chicken and turkey, beef, veal, young lamb). Fish are also low-fat varieties, boiled or baked after boiling.
Eggs: 1 egg per day (soft-boiled or scrambled).
Fresh fruits and berries: fruits and berries (except sour ones) in any form (raw, boiled, baked), also dried fruits.
Dairy: kefir, milk, curdled milk, sour cream, semi-fat and low-fat cottage cheese, low-fat cheese.
Sweets: jelly, kissels, compotes, mousses, meringues, snowballs, marmalade, sweets (not chocolate), marshmallow, jam.
Flour products: wheat bread (from flour of the 1st and 2nd grade), yesterday's rye bread (from seeded and peeled flour). Unsavory products with meat, fish, cottage cheese or apples, long biscuits and dry biscuits.
Fats: butter and vegetable refined oils.
Beverages: tea, coffee with milk, juices (fruit, berry, vegetable), decoction and wheat bran.
What not to eat with diet number 5:
- any broths and sauces based on them (meat, fish, mushrooms), okroshka, green cabbage soup;
- pickled vegetables, mushrooms, spinach, sorrel, radish, radish, green onion,;
- fresh bread, puff and pastry, fried pies;
- legumes;
- fatty meats and fish, duck, goose, pork, lard, offal, caviar, smoked meats, salted fish, canned food, most sausages; canned food;
- fat milk (6%), cream, fermented baked milk, fatty sour cream and cottage cheese, salty, spicy and fatty cheese;
- alcohol, soda, black strong coffee, cocoa, grape juice, cold drinks;
- pastries, products with cream, chocolate, ice cream;
- spices, mustard, horseradish, pepper, vinegar.
Diet number 5 (table number 5): menu for the week
Diet number 5 is varied and healthy. Below is sample menu for a week.
Food is cooked in crushed or pureed form, boiled in water, steamed or baked. Dishes should be warm (very hot and cold are excluded).
Monday
Breakfast: scrambled eggs, oatmeal, tea.
Lunch: baked apple.
Dinner: vegetable soup with buckwheat, chicken fillet, rice, dried fruit compote.
Afternoon snack: rosehip broth.
Dinner: mashed potatoes, boiled fish, vegetable salad.
Tuesday
Breakfast: cottage cheese with sour cream and sugar, weak coffee with milk.
Lunch: banana.
Lunch: vegetarian borscht, pasta, beef cutlets.
Afternoon snack: kefir.
Dinner: pilaf with boiled meat, baked vegetables.
Wednesday
Breakfast: buckwheat-rice diet pancakes with jam, tea.
Lunch: fruit.
Lunch: vegetable soup with rice, fish meatballs, barley groats.
Afternoon snack: fruit jelly.
Dinner: buckwheat with cauliflower, chicken cutlets.
Thursday
Breakfast: soft-boiled egg, milk oatmeal, tea.
Lunch: kissel.
Lunch: pumpkin soup, steamed zucchini cutlets, rice.
Afternoon: fruits.
Dinner: chicken meatballs, mashed cauliflower, vegetable salad.
Friday
Breakfast: syrniki with sour cream (baked), coffee with milk.
Lunch: fruit.
Lunch: vegetable borsch, vinaigrette, buckwheat porridge.
Afternoon: pudding.
Dinner: mashed potatoes, fish cakes, baked vegetables.
Saturday
Breakfast: milk soup, tea.
Lunch: fruit salad.
Lunch: potato soup with pasta, casserole with chicken and vegetables.
Afternoon snack: marmalade.
Dinner: cabbage rolls, vegetables.
Sunday
Breakfast: pumpkin-apple casserole, tea.
Lunch: rosehip decoction.
Lunch: ear with barley groats, oatmeal, turkey cutlets.
Afternoon: soufflé.
Dinner: stewed veal with vegetables, buckwheat, vegetable salad.
The gallbladder is a reservoir that stores bile produced by the liver. Therefore, if, as a result of certain pathological processes, its inflammation occurs, the outflow of bile becomes difficult, resulting in pain and digestive problems, especially with the digestion of fatty foods. Therefore, the diet for cholecystitis is an important stage of treatment, which has some differences depending on the form of the disease and the presence of concomitant pathologies.
Key points
The main goals of the diet for inflammation in gallbladder are:
- reducing the load on the liver;
- improved bile production;
- normalization of the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
Therefore, patients will have to adhere to the following recommendations and rules:
- All patients are advised to eat at least 5 times a day, and at the same time. This is explained by fractional nutrition beneficial effect on the functioning of the gallbladder and the process of bile production.
- Nutrition for cholecystitis should be built in such a way that the patient consumes from 2100 to 2500 kcal per day.
Important: of course, the diet for cholecystitis, which involves table 5, is quite tough, however, the patient should always receive sufficient amounts of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and other substances necessary for good nutrition organism.
- You should not take food and drinks, the temperature of which is different from the average, since hot and cold adversely affect the functioning of the gallbladder and the digestive tract as a whole.
- Patients are shown increased fluid intake, especially water, as this helps to activate the excretion of bile from the gallbladder and improve kidney function. Therefore, it is worth consuming at least 2 or even 2.5 liters of fluid daily.
- Due to the fact that salt contributes to fluid retention in the body, and, consequently, thickening of bile, food for cholecystitis should be prepared without adding or with a minimum amount of salt.
- It is strictly contraindicated for inflammation in the gallbladder to drink alcohol in any form, as it promotes the formation of stones, and if they have already formed, it can cause hepatic colic.
What can't be eaten?
Treatment of cholecystitis with a diet involves the rejection of any foods that:
- have a pronounced choleretic effect, which increases the load on the gallbladder and digestive system generally;
- contribute to the thickening of bile and its stagnation, which may result in the formation of stones;
- activate the processes of decay and fermentation in the intestines;
- stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid or pancreatic juice.
Fatty foods can cause a sharp deterioration in the patient's condition
Thus, patients will have to give up:
- fresh bread and pastries;
- steep mushroom, fish or meat broths;
- fatty meat and fish;
- sausages, smoked meats;
- canned food;
- cream, fat milk, cottage cheese and so on;
- eggs;
Important: although eggs are forbidden by the diet, you can still eat 2 yolks a week, and proteins are completely allowed to eat.
- legumes;
- chocolate, coffee, strong tea;
- spinach, green onions, radishes, mushrooms, garlic, sorrel, etc.;
- spices, mustard, horseradish.
Attention! Of the spices, only turmeric is allowed for use.
What can you eat?
When cholecystitis is allowed to eat food, steamed, boiled or baked. In addition, a significant enrichment of the diet with vegetables and fruits is welcomed, which improve the outflow of bile and stimulate bowel activity. Therefore, with cholecystitis, diet 5 suggests building a patient menu using the following products:
- yesterday's rye wheat bread, crackers, dumplings, baked pies from lean dough, bran bread;
- vegetarian soups;
- rosehip broth, juices, compotes;
- milk and fruit soups;
- jellies and mousses;
- buckwheat, oatmeal, semolina;
- pasta;
- pumpkin seeds;
- lean meat, such as rabbit, veal, chicken, turkey;
- seafood;
- lean fish;
- low-fat dairy and sour-milk products;
- zucchini, carrots, potatoes, cauliflower, pumpkin, bell pepper, cucumbers, lettuce;
- apples, bananas and other baked sweet fruits;
- vegetable and butter.
Tip: any soups are best consumed pureed.
However, how to eat with cholecystitis directly depends on its form, severity and the presence of concomitant pathologies. Therefore, in each case, a doctor should select a list of allowed products on an individual basis.
Features of nutrition in acute cholecystitis
Diet for acute cholecystitis - table No. 5a according to Pevzner, but in the first 3 days it is necessary to limit yourself to drinking only water or decoctions of wild rose, chamomile, lemongrass, mint, 1.5–2 liters per day. It is also allowed to drink alkaline non-carbonated mineral waters diluted by half with water. Although many symptoms, in particular, vomiting and a constant feeling of nausea, do not even make it possible to think about the possibility of taking any food.
Tip: drink often and in small sips.
On day 3-4, the patient is allowed to start eating thoroughly pureed cereals, vegetable purees and mousses. But if at first it is recommended to limit yourself to eating only Brussels sprouts or cauliflower puree, then gradually the food for acute cholecystitis is expanded by other vegetables and cereals. If the patient's condition allows, his diet is enriched with meat, fish, dairy products, and so on.
Light vegetarian soups - the basis of nutrition for patients with cholecystitis
Attention! You need to follow diet number 5 even after subsiding inflammatory process over the next 1-3 months. The only thing that can be changed is to start eating food in its original form, that is, do not wipe it.
Features of nutrition in chronic cholecystitis
Diet for chronic cholecystitis - table number 5 according to Pevzner, but with exacerbations of the disease, patients have to adhere to the same diet as in acute cholecystitis, including the fasting period. If we talk about the remission of the disease, then it will be enough to give up the products listed above and learn how to cook delicious and healthy meals from approved ingredients.
Rational nutrition in chronic cholecystitis should become a way of life, and not a temporary phenomenon, since most often the exacerbation of the disease and the appearance of indications for surgical intervention are the result of a violation of the diet and the use of fatty foods or alcohol.
Features of nutrition after removal of the gallbladder
Quite often, patients with calculous cholecystitis cannot avoid a radical operation, during which the gallbladder is removed. Therefore, after it, the body needs time to rebuild and learn to work in a new mode.
Since now the bile from the liver immediately enters the duodenum, it does not have time to reach the desired concentration, so it can only cope with the digestion of small portions of food. That is why for several months after surgical intervention it is very important to continue to eat fractionally, and only steam or boiled food. Otherwise, the patient may form stones in the hepatic ducts, which can end tragically.
Cholecystitis is diagnosed by a doctor with inflammation of the gallbladder. This disease is quite common among the older population, and women are more susceptible to it than men.
Cholecystitis can be acute (rare) or chronic. Acute, depending on the cause of occurrence, is divided into catarrhal, phlegmonous, gangrenous. Chronic is called cholecystitis, in which inflammation of the gallbladder lasts for 6 months or more.
At healthy person The gallbladder works in tandem with the pancreas, since they share a common excretory duct. Therefore, when one organ is affected, the other is automatically affected.
The treatment of cholecystitis and pancreatitis is almost the same and involves not only drug therapy and folk remedies, but also proper nutrition, which becomes the main task of the patient.
With cholecystitis, gastritis and pancreatitis, as well as cirrhosis, colitis, hepatitis, doctors recommend diet number 5. It creates all the conditions for lipid metabolism to normalize and the biliary system to stabilize.
The diet should contain protein, carbohydrate-containing foods, dishes with a sufficient amount of fiber and pectin. But, at the same time, the diet severely limits the intake of cholesterol, oxalic acid. Mandatory control essential oils, purines.
The diet for chronic cholecystitis, as well as for pancreatitis, involves consumption with food:
- approximately 80 g of protein, including about 60% of animal origin;
- about 400 g of carbohydrates, with 90 g being sugar;
- 75 g of fats, 25% of which are vegetable;
- table salt up to 10 g;
- ordinary water in a volume of at least 1.5-2 liters per day.
The energy value of food should not exceed 2400 kcal. The duration of the diet is determined by the doctor and is prescribed for a maximum of two years.
With an exacerbation of the disease, the first few days you can not eat anything. Only weak black or green sweetened tea, rosehip broth, juice diluted with water, non-carbonated mineral water are allowed.
Nutrition principles
The diet for chronic cholecystitis is a regular full-fledged diet with 5-6 meals during the day. It is important to remember that portions must be small. This diet contributes to the optimal production of bile - in the right amount and at the right time.
With pancreatitis, gastritis and cholecystitis, you will have to adhere to other nutritional rules:
- the menu should not be the same type;
- do not eat if there is no hunger;
- the process of eating should be accompanied by a good mood, otherwise it is worse digested;
- dishes are served only warm - so they will not cause spasms of the biliary tract;
- you need to eat something every 2.5-3 hours;
- only fresh products are taken for cooking; reheated meals are strictly prohibited;
- a product containing veins or coarse fiber must either be crushed or ground well. First of all, this rule applies to meat;
- you can add baked, as well as steamed or slow cooker food to the menu. Fried vegetables will have to be abandoned.
The patient should draw up an approximate nutrition schedule, which must be followed constantly - both at home and at work.
For the speedy restoration of the functions of the gallbladder and liver, the doctor must prescribe hepatoprotectors.
Grocery list
Many patients, having heard from a doctor about the need to follow a diet for chronic cholecystitis, get scared. Indeed, after re-reading the list of products that are allowed and prohibited for use, it seems that food should now become monotonous and tasteless. As a result, not everyone adheres to the doctor's recommendations.
However, table number 5 implies a very extensive menu. The only thing that will have to be completely abandoned is fatty, fried and very spicy. Fast food and canned food are also prohibited. All other products are only under a relative ban.
List of allowed and prohibited foods for cholecystitis, gastritis and pancreatitis:
| Category | Forbidden | Allowed |
|---|---|---|
| flour products | any fresh muffin, morning bread | in moderation, you can bread (either rye or wheat, but always stale) and flour, for example, pies with boiled fish, meat, apples or cottage cheese; 150–200 g of cookies are allowed |
| cereals | barley porridge, millet; corn grits | everything except prohibited |
| Soups | okroshka, fish soup, soup with mushrooms, meat, sorrel | dairy, vegetable (with cereals, vermicelli), beetroot. Since first courses are allowed only on low-fat broth, borscht should be lean. Vegetables for cooking soup can not be fried |
| Milk products | heavy cream and high-fat cheeses, cottage cheese, yogurt, sour cream | low-fat products (milk, fermented baked milk, kefir and yogurt with a fat content of 0% or 1%); Store-bought cottage cheese is better to take for a casserole |
| Meat | duck, goose, lumps and stews, (roasts), liver, brains, lungs, kidneys, sausages, smoked meats, sausages, sausages and canned food | lean, no strings: whole chicken (no skin), turkey, beef, veal, rabbit (no fat, no tendons); it is desirable to make minced meat, but you can also boil a whole piece |
| Fruit | all citrus fruits (lemons, oranges) and other sour fruits | non-acidic fruits in baked and boiled form; fresh can be red apple, banana (only one per day), pomegranate, avocado, pear |
| Vegetables | all legumes, radishes, garlic, sorrel, green onions, spinach | potatoes, carrots (in any form), cucumbers, cauliflower, pumpkin, zucchini, bell peppers; you can add dill, parsley |
| Fish | all fatty species (mackerel, salmon, sardine, stellate sturgeon, catfish), canned food, caviar | lean river fish: pike, carp, pike perch; sea fish: cod, pollock, navaga |
| Beverages | cocoa, strong brewed tea, natural coffee, carbonated sweet water, alcoholic beverages | weak coffee and only with the addition of milk, weak sweet tea, fruit drinks, juices home cooking, tomato juice, jelly, compote. |
Table number 5 does not exclude the following products:
- sweets in moderation. True, you will have to completely abandon ice cream, chocolate cookies, sweets, cakes and cakes, in which there is a lot of cream;
- sauces can be vegetable, dairy, and home-made. There should not be any ketchups and mayonnaises in the diet, as well as pepper, horseradish, mustard;
- with pancreatitis, only one egg per day is allowed. It can be a steamed omelette without yolk, or a soft-boiled egg. Hard-boiled egg under strict ban;
- The menu should contain only dishes with vegetable oil. You can add a little cream to the finished side dish.
From the use of homemade pickles, pickled and pickled will have to refrain. Under a very strict ban is any alcohol, even low-alcohol beer.
Gastroenterologists recommend that their patients draw up an approximate menu for 3 days - a week. This gives a person the opportunity to provide himself with tasty and varied food, even though sometimes you have to give up your favorite dishes.
Compliance with the diet is a necessary measure for the positive dynamics of the state of health.
acute form
Inflammation of the gallbladder and pancreas is a common occurrence. During this period, the main task is to reduce the load on both the biliary system and the gastrointestinal tract as a whole. For this, a very strict diet is provided.
In the first days of an attack, when the patient feels severe pain in the area of \u200b\u200bthe inflamed organs, it is not worth eating anything - you should only drink liquid, and unlimitedly. And only with an improvement in overall well-being, you can begin to expand your daily menu, gradually adding:
- crackers (not store-bought, but cooked on their own); it is preferable to use white bread;
- rice or oatmeal soup;
- cereals;
- jelly or mousses.
4–5 days after an exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis or cholecystitis, boiled or steamed low-fat meat, fish, and even 1% cottage cheese are allowed. After 7-10 days, you can switch to a diet specially designed for the period of incomplete remission. It will take about a month to stick to it.
Chronic form
A chronic disease is a consequence of non-compliance with the doctor's recommendations for acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis, cystitis, not only for treatment, but also for nutrition. At first, a person does not notice the problem - only occasionally after eating there may be a short pain - but sooner or later a period of exacerbation occurs. It is usually associated with a violation of the diet: they ate too spicy or fatty food, drank some alcohol.
There are two stages of the chronic form:
- exacerbations,
- remissions.
The menu for exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis is not much different from the diet for acute form. The only difference is that you don't have to follow Diet 5a.
In the remission stage, table number 5 is also adhered to, which makes it possible to delay the exacerbation and is a prevention of the formation of stones.
Weekly menu
Proper nutrition can not only improve overall well-being, but also increase the period of remission. Moreover, it is not at all necessary to be sophisticated - the diet includes simple dietary, but very tasty and, importantly, healthy dishes suitable for consumption by all family members.
Sample menu for 5 days:
| Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breakfast | Cottage cheese casserole, tea | Oatmeal, a piece of boiled meat, weak coffee | Semolina porridge (you can add jam / jam), black tea | Lazy dumplings, fruit drink | "Hercules" with milk, tea |
| Lunch | Salad "Vitaminka" | Fruit salad | Vegetable casserole | baked pumpkin | Carrot soufflé |
| Dinner | Soup with dumplings, buckwheat porridge, cutlet, compote | Puree, fish stew, tea | Vegetable soup, small stuffed peppers, uzva. | Meat pilaf, salad with tomatoes | Shchi in vegetable broth, boiled rabbit, wheat porridge, sauerkraut, compote |
| afternoon tea | Baked apple, fruit drink | Carrot salad with apples dressed with honey | Low-fat kefir and lean cookies | Charlotte, rosehip decoction | Low-fat cottage cheese with banana, apple, juice |
| Dinner | Sweet pilaf, tea | Steam omelette with dill/parsley, vinaigrette | Vermicelli with cheese, milk | Fish (boiled or baked) with vegetables, tea | Stuffed cabbage rolls, uzvar |
When compiling the menu, it must be borne in mind that you can only eat fresh meals. Make sure you get the right amount of micronutrients per day.
Non-compliance with the diet
Improper nutrition in acute cholecystitis and ignoring the doctor's recommendations leads to chronicity of the disease and the occurrence of complications:
- hepatic colic,
- cholelithiasis,
- pancreatitis,
- jaundice, accompanied by itching of the skin, pain in the right hypochondrium,
- suppuration (empyemia), dropsy or even gangrene of the gallbladder,
- perivesical abscess,
- diffuse peritonitis,
- perforation of the gallbladder wall.
Almost all of these pathologies are indications for an urgent operation. In some cases (for example, gangrenous inflammation), if you do not go to the hospital in time, a fatal outcome is possible.
A mandatory recommendation that a patient with inflammatory gallbladder disease will hear from their doctor is likely to be a change in diet. Indeed, a diet for chronic cholecystitis can reduce the unpleasant symptoms of pathology, accelerate the onset of remission, and even reduce the risk of complications. What are general principles compiling a therapeutic diet, what patients can eat, and which products it is better to refuse: we will analyze in our review.
Chronic cholecystitis is a disease accompanied by sluggish inflammation of the gallbladder. The correct diet for its treatment:
- reduces the load on the liver;
- reduces the pathological production of bile;
- eliminates the inflammatory process;
- saturates the body with essential nutrients, vitamins and trace elements;
- normalizes work gastrointestinal tract.
All these requirements are met by the nutrition scheme developed by Dr. M.I. Pevzner specifically for patients with diseases of the liver, gallbladder and biliary tract (diet number -5). It is based on the maximum sparing of the liver, provided a balanced and nutritious diet with sufficient calories.
In addition, such a diet has a beneficial effect on the state of the gastrointestinal tract of patients with chronic diseases of other organs of the digestive tract - gastritis, duodenitis, pancreatitis.
The main principles of treatment table 5 include:
- Fractional nutrition: all food during the day should be divided into 4-6 meals every 2.5-3 hours. This is necessary to regularly stimulate the release of bile from the gallbladder. Stagnation of bile, which occurs if large gaps remain between meals, provokes sedimentation on the wall of the bladder and the formation of stones.
- Eating food at a comfortable temperature: Food should not be too hot or too cold.
- Preferred cooking methods are boiling, steaming and baking. Refuse any fried foods - they can provoke a deterioration in the condition both during the period of exacerbation and during remission.
- Try to reduce salt in food so that excess moisture does not linger in the body.
- The amount of proteins and fats in the diet of patients with inflammation of the gallbladder corresponds to generally accepted standards. But fats during exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis are sharply limited to 40-45 g / day (approximately 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil).
- Drink water or other drinks no earlier than half an hour after eating.
What is useful for cholecystitis
What can you eat with inflammation of the gallbladder? The list of products allowed for patients with cholecystitis is detailed in the table below.
| Category | Approved Products |
| Bread, cereals |
|
| Vegetables fruits |
|
| Milk and dairy products | Skimmed milk, milk soups, fermented milk products (non-acidic kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt), low-fat cottage cheese, young homemade cheese. |
| Meat, poultry, fish |
|
| Beverages |
|
When compiling a menu for a week or a day, remember the following rules:
- The total weight of food consumed during the day (including liquid) should not exceed 3500 g.
- For cooking, use only high-quality and fresh products. Intestinal infections have an extremely negative effect on the condition of the liver and inflamed gallbladder.
- Most of the daily calorie intake should be distributed over 3 main meals. Snacks can consist of unsweetened cookies, dairy products, fruits or vegetables.
- Vegetable oil, like any other fats, has a strong choleretic effect and can provoke an exacerbation of the disease. Allowable amount of sunflower / olive oil - 1 tbsp. l. per day.
- Add a couple of drops of oil to ready meal. Heat treatment destroys everything beneficial features product.
- Try to eat more vegetables and fruits. A sufficient amount of fiber will allow you to improve digestion and avoid problems with the intestines.
Be careful: the list of prohibited products
It has a therapeutic diet and its limitations. In chronic cholecystitis, you can not eat dishes that increase the secretion of bile and irritate the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. Prohibited foods for patients with gallbladder inflammation are listed below:
- fatty or fried meat;
- lard, offal;
- fatty fish (herring, mackerel);
- canned food, smoked meats, marinades;
- fast food;
- spices, seasonings, red pepper, onion, garlic;
- legumes (beans, peas, chickpeas, lentils);
- fatty milk and dairy products (fat milk, cream);
- industrial sweets (sweets, cookies), chocolate, pastries, cakes;
- white bread and pastries;
- strong tea, coffee;
- alcoholic drinks.
Sample diet menu for cholecystitis
The main principle of compiling a menu for chronic cholecystitis is a sharp restriction of fats in any form. A sample 6-meal meal plan for a patient might look like this:
- breakfast - two omelets egg whites and one yolk, serving oatmeal, green tea (half an hour after eating);
- snack - low-fat cottage cheese, yogurt, berry juice;
- lunch - soup from broccoli, carrots, zucchini (or other vegetables), steam cutlets from minced chicken, mashed potatoes;
- afternoon snack - fruit jelly;
- dinner - boiled fish, buckwheat porridge, carrot and radish salad, tea;
- late dinner - kissel.
Nutrition in chronic cholecystitis should be aimed not only at eliminating the symptoms and consequences of the disease, but also at its cause - stagnation of bile in the gallbladder. Along with drug therapy, diet is one of the main ways to treat and prevent cholecystitis. Patients who follow the basic principles of table 5 feel better and experience fewer exacerbations of the disease than patients who regularly break the diet.
Chronic cholecystitis is a long-term inflammatory disease of the gallbladder, which is based on a violation of the process of formation and movement of bile through the ducts, infection of the sensitive mucosa. Treatment of chronic cholecystitis must be coordinated with the state of neighboring organs, because most often patients have gastritis, duodenitis, pancreatitis or peptic ulcer.
Special restrictions are introduced if the cause of chronic cholecystitis is viral hepatitis.
Treatment of chronic non-calculous cholecystitis differs in the stage of exacerbation and remission in the choice of medications, the nature of nutrition.
- Treatment during an exacerbation
- Treatment during remission
Treatment during an exacerbation
With exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis, it is necessary to relieve pain, normalize the tone of the gallbladder and duct, and conduct antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy.
Treatment of chronic cholecystitis in the acute stage is impossible without following the regimen and diet.
It is preferable to treat the acute period in a therapeutic or gastroenterological department. Bed rest should be observed for several days. For maximum rest, the patient is prescribed light sedatives (tincture of Valerian, Motherwort). It is necessary to normalize sleep even with the help of sleeping pills.
The diet in the first two days of treatment is considered "hungry", it is only allowed to drink boiled water, sweetened rosehip broth, diluted dried fruit compote. On the third day, they move on to mashed soups and liquid porridges on the water, steam cutlets. Bread - only in the form of white crackers. After a week, you can switch to table number 5: dairy products (kefir, cottage cheese), mashed vegetables, meat and fish meatballs, meatballs, scrambled eggs are added. Kissels (berry, oatmeal) are recommended. Fried and spicy dishes, sauces, fresh vegetables, confectionery, butter and vegetable oil are limited.
Symptomatic drugs:
- with bladder hypertonicity, Atropine, Platifillin, Papaverine, No-shpu in intramuscular injections, Spazgan, Belalgin, Maxigan in tablets are used to relieve pain in the treatment of chronic cholecystitis;
- with a reduced tone, Cerucal is shown, they increase the "pushing of bile" into the intestines, relieve stagnation. AT this case it is not recommended to use Platifillin, Papaverin, No-shpu, Spazgan, Belalgin, Maksigan, they will only worsen the situation.
Be sure to prescribe a course of treatment with antibacterial agents. Antibiotics should accumulate in the gallbladder, not have a toxic effect on the liver cells. Courses of up to 10 days of broad-spectrum antibiotics are used in combination with Trichopolum, known as an anti-Giardia agent.
Choleretic drugs according to the mechanism of action are divided into three groups:
- activating the production of bile in the liver (choleretics) - are indicated only in the case of chronic cholecystitis after viral hepatitis, with cirrhosis of the liver, this group includes Allochol, Cholenzym, Oxafenamide, Tsikvalon. In the absence of liver disease, you do not need to take these drugs;
- stimulating the delivery of bile from the bladder to the duodenum (cholekinetics) - saline laxatives such as Magnesia, Karlovy Vary salt, Sorbitol, Xylitol, Mannitol, castor oil have these properties;
- mixed group - herbal remedies Holosas, Hofitol, Cholagol and phytopreparations have a mild general effect.
Treatment during remission
Outside of exacerbations, a patient with chronic cholecystitis is advised to avoid stressful situations, severe physical activity. Shown physiotherapy, hiking. Do not engage in heavy sports, wear heavy things.
The diet table remains #5. It is necessary to organize frequent meals (at least five times a day), forget about alcohol, barbecue, fatty and spicy dishes. Useful cereals, steam, boiled meat and fish products, cottage cheese, sour-milk drinks. Vegetables in the form of salads seasoned with vegetable oil.
- Curd-kefir - consists of 0.9 l of kefir and 300 g of low-fat cottage cheese with sugar, all distributed over six meals.
- Fruit-rice - rice porridge on water from 50 g of rice groats, divided into three portions, and 1.5 liters of freshly prepared fruit and berry compote are added.
"Blind probing" or tubes are recommended in the absence of symptoms of calculous cholecystitis. Please select a non-working day. In the morning, on an empty stomach, drink a glass of Magnesia or other saline laxative, lie on your right side on a warm heating pad for about two hours. After that, you can do several exercise. The manifestation of a laxative effect indicates the release of a portion of bile into the intestine.
Phytotherapy well complements drugs in interictal periods. Herbal choleretic agents are harmless, can be used long time are easy to prepare. A convenient home method of preparing decoctions is practiced - brewing herbs in a thermos overnight. The next day, it remains to strain and drink a fresh broth.
AT traditional medicine recipes from choleretic plants that help cure cholecystitis are known: peppermint, calamus root, calendula and chamomile flowers, dill seeds, birch leaves, juniper fruits, corn stigmas, strawberries, rose hips.
Herbal medicines should be taken half an hour before meals.
Reception mineral waters"Essentuki-4", "Essentuki-17", "Borjomi", "Smirnovskaya", "Slavyanovskaya" must be carried out without gas in a warm form 30-40 minutes before meals. It is necessary to familiarize yourself with the contraindications.
The prognosis for the treatment of chronic cholecystitis depends on the patient himself and his desire to cure the disease. Not everyone is able to follow the regimen and diet for a long time. In this case, after a few years, calculous cholecystitis will form, which will have to be treated only with the help of surgery.
People who are attentive to health manage to achieve long-term remissions.
Diet for chronic cholecystitis
With liver disease with cholecystitis, it is important to monitor nutrition. Proper Diet in chronic cholecystitis contributes to the absence of exacerbations of the disease. With this type of cholecystitis, doctors usually prescribe diet number 5. It must be followed for a rather long period. Such a diet stimulates the outflow of bile and has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the liver.
- 1 Diet Rules
- 2 What you can eat: dishes and foods for chronic cholecystitis
- 2.1 With calculous cholecystitis
- 2.2 In non-calculous cholecystitis
- 3 Diet for exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis
- 3.1 Use of spices and seasonings
- 4 Examples of diet recipes
- 4.1 Light vegetable salad
- 4.2 Potato soup
- 4.4 Baked fish with vegetables
- 5 Sample menu for 1 day
Diet Rules
You need to eat regularly. A long break between meals is unacceptable. When food enters the stomach, the gallbladder begins to contract and the necessary amount of bile is released. With long intervals between meals, bile stagnates and there is a risk of gallstone disease. You need to eat up to 6 times a day in small portions. It will be a big plus if you take food at the same time. Subject to this regimen, the function of bile excretion is normalized and the bladder is cleared of negative substances that provoke various pathologies. Treatment is more effective if the patient eats properly during the course.
If you follow a diet that includes a lot of fruits and vegetables, the work of all the glands of the digestive system is enhanced.
In order for the gallbladder to function properly, it needs a sufficient amount of protein (animal and vegetable). It is found in foods such as chicken meat, cottage cheese, bread, vegetables. It should be remembered that in chronic cholecystitis, only sweet fruits or berries can be eaten. This reduces cholesterol levels and prevents constipation, the symptoms of the disease are in remission. People who are diagnosed with chronic cholecystitis need to have in their diet:
- tomatoes;
- carrot;
- watermelon;
- apples;
- cabbage;
- sunflower oil.
Butter should be limited to 25 grams per day.
It is necessary to monitor the amount of butter and sugar in food - butter can be eaten no more than 25 grams per day, and sugar - up to 8 teaspoons. In the case when the patient is obese, it is necessary to minimize the consumption of bread. You can not eat baked, fried foods. Extremely hot or cold foods sometimes cause spasms of the biliary tract.
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What you can eat: dishes and foods for chronic cholecystitis
A very important step in setting up proper nutrition will be the method by which food is prepared. Fried foods, grilled, roasted foods are contraindicated for consumption. It is advisable to cook food by steaming or boiling. It is useful to use vegetable salads with sunflower oil. When cooking, the consumption of salt is limited - a maximum of 1 teaspoon per day and vegetable oil - a maximum of 25 grams.
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With calculous cholecystitis
Diet and diet should be maintained from several months to several years, that is, throughout the treatment. Compliance correct mode during this period allows the body to recover. Nutrition is usually aimed at stimulating the outflow of bile from the body. With calculous cholecystitis, you should limit yourself to eating food that contains animal proteins.
It is forbidden to eat spicy and salty foods, canned food, fatty meat and fish, offal, mushrooms.
A diet with this type of pathology should consist of no more than 2000 calories per 24 hours. But it should be remembered that the restriction in the amount of food does not mean that it should not be complete. If you don't balance nutrients that enter the body with food, it will affect the functioning of the liver.
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With non-calculous cholecystitis
With acalculous cholecystitis, it is necessary to eat freshly prepared warm food.
With symptoms of non-calculous (calculous) cholecystitis, there is a violation of the functions of removing bile from the body, but there is no risk of formation of stones in the gallbladder. You need to eat warm food that is steamed. It is very useful to eat omelettes steamed from egg whites. It is also allowed to eat stewed or baked vegetables. At first, it is recommended to eat soups or borscht, which are cooked in vegetable broth. Such a diet should be followed for a long time - for several years.
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Diet for exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis
Constant adherence to diet number 5 avoids the exacerbation of pathology. But if this still happened, you must adhere to strict rules in eating in order to get better faster. positive results treatment. You can not eat cabbage, sausage, smoked vegetables and meat, wheat pastries. The use of alcohol is strictly prohibited. Proper nutrition requires:
- consume daily dairy products and fish, as well as lean poultry meat;
- in food should not be more than 50 grams of fat per day;
- strong tea and coffee is prohibited, you can drink water without gas and only half an hour after eating;
- bran bread;
- Limit your intake of salt, sugar, white bread and buns;
- it is very useful to consume egg white daily, but the yolk can be eaten no more than 3 times in 1 week.
These products provoke an exacerbation of the inflammatory process. You can take no more than 3 kilograms of food per day, taking into account the liquid. When dividing meals, there should be 2-3 main meals, and the rest - additional. You can not cook soups and borscht in meat broth, as these dishes lead to irritation of the liver tissue.
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The use of spices and seasonings
The use of spices and seasonings must be abandoned.
Spices and seasonings are in most cases strictly prohibited. chronic gastritis, as they exacerbate the symptoms of pathology. Diet number 5 excludes the use of vinegar, mayonnaise, adjika, spicy seasonings, pepper in the diet. A full replacement for such exceptions is steaming a mild vegetable sauce, soy sauce. Dill and parsley will help replace spices, but their amount should not exceed 10-12 grams per day. In small doses, you can use vanillin, cinnamon, fruit sauces.
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Examples of Diet Recipes
Dieting does not mean limiting the use of delicious food. There are many recipes that are dietary and at the same time have excellent taste. When preparing such dishes on your own, you should definitely take into account their calorie content and composition in order to correctly calculate your daily diet. A few examples of diet recipes for every day:
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Light vegetable salad
Use vegetable salads very useful in liver diseases. Vegetables contribute to the removal of negative substances from the body and enrich the cells with essential minerals and vitamins. Ingredients: cauliflower - 90 g, green pea(canned) - 35 g, fresh tomatoes - 40 g, lettuce - 10-15 g, sugar - 0.5 tsp, sour cream 20% fat - 20 g. cauliflower boil in salted water, disassemble into inflorescences. Cut tomatoes, lettuce. Pour all the ingredients into a container, add sour cream, mix.
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potato soup
Peel potatoes, chop, place in a pot of boiling water. Peel carrots and onions, cut into small cubes, sauté in a frying pan with butter. After boiling potatoes for 10-15 minutes, add carrots and onions to the pan. Boil over low heat until cooked, lightly salt. It is allowed to add a pinch of fresh dill and parsley.
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Protein omelet from 3 eggs decorated with herbs.
We take 3 eggs. You need to carefully break them so as not to damage the yolk, and separate the protein from the yolk. Add 50 grams of fresh milk to the proteins and beat them well with a whisk until a slight foam forms. Pour the whipped squirrels into a warm frying pan, pour 10 grams of sour cream on top, cover with a lid. We put it on fire or in the oven. When serving, decorate with herbs.