What is bacteria in women. Viral and sexual infections in women - symptoms and treatment. Video: hidden infections - infection and treatment, doctor's opinion

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Content

If a bacterial infection has entered the body, the symptoms of the pathological process are similar to signs of intoxication, require treatment with and without antibiotics. The general condition of the patient worsens, and the disturbed temperature regime is bedridden. Bacterial diseases successfully amenable to conservative treatment, the main thing is not to start the spread of pathogenic flora.

What is a bacterial infection

Infectious or not

To answer this question, you need to know everything existing species bacterial infections and timely undergo diagnostics to identify the pathogen. For the most part, such pathogenic microorganisms are dangerous to humans, they are transmitted by household contact, airborne droplets and alimentary routes. After the infection enters the body, inflammation, acute intoxication, and tissue damage occur, while the body's immune response decreases.

Symptoms of a bacterial infection

Symptoms are similar to signs of general intoxication of an organic resource, accompanied by high body temperature and severe chills. Pathogenic flora, as it were, poisons an organic resource, releasing waste products into once healthy tissues, blood. Common symptoms of a bacterial infection are listed below:

• fever;
• excessive sweating;
• acute migraine attacks;
• nausea, less often - vomiting;
• dizziness;
• general weakness, malaise;
• complete lack of appetite.

In children

Patients in childhood are much more susceptible to bacterial lesions, since the general state of immunity leaves much to be desired. With the release of toxins, the symptoms only increase, chaining the child to bed, forcing parents to go on sick leave. Here are some changes in children's well-being that you need to pay special attention to:

• constant moodiness;
• tearfulness, lethargy;
• instability temperature regime;
• fever, chills;
• pronounced signs of dyspepsia;
• skin rashes of unknown etiology;
• the appearance of a white coating on the tonsils with severe soreness of the throat.

Bacterial infections in women

In respiratory diseases of the respiratory tract, it is very often a bacterial infection. As an option, angina, pharyngitis, laryngitis progresses, which are accompanied by recurrent sore throat, less often - purulent discharge from the pharynx. Microbes cause the following changes in the female body:

• temperature jump up to 40 degrees;
• choking cough with progressive coryza;
• pronounced signs of intoxication;
• violation of the intestinal microflora, vagina;
• acute otitis, depending on the location of the infection;
• prolonged bouts of diarrhea;
• signs of decreased immunity.

Signs of a bacterial infection

In order for the diagnosis of bacterial infections to be timely, it is necessary to pay attention to the first changes in the general well-being of the patient, not to refer to the classic cold, which “will pass by itself”. Should be alert:

• frequent trips to the toilet, diarrhea;
• feeling of nausea, complete lack of appetite;
• a sharp decrease in body weight;
• temperature rise above 39 degrees;
• painful sensations of different localization depending on the nature of the infection, its localization.

How to distinguish a viral infection from a bacterial one

Bacteriological analysis is indispensable, since this is the basis of diagnosis and the ability to correctly differentiate the final diagnosis. However, an adult patient is able to independently distinguish the nature, localization of the focus of pathology. This is important for future treatment, since bacterial lesions are successfully treated with antibiotics, while pathogenic viruses cannot be eradicated with antibiotics.

The main difference between a bacterial infection and a viral one is as follows: in the first case, the focus of pathology is local, in the second it is more systemic. Thus, pathogenic viruses infect the entire body, dramatically reducing overall well-being. As for bacteria, they have a narrow specialization, for example, they rapidly develop laryngitis or tonsillitis. To determine the virus in such a clinical picture, a general blood test is required, to identify the bacterial flora - sputum analysis (in case of infection of the lower respiratory tract).

Kinds

After inflammation of the mucous membranes and the appearance of other symptoms of bacterial damage, it is required to determine the nature of the pathogenic flora by laboratory means. Diagnosis is carried out in a hospital, the collection of anamnesis data is not enough to make a final diagnosis. In modern medicine, the following types of infections are declared, which have a predominantly bacterial flora and cause such dangerous diseases body:

1. Acute intestinal bacterial infections: salmonellosis, dysentery, typhoid fever, food poisoning, campylobacteriosis.
2. Bacterial lesions of the skin: erysipelas, impetigo, phlegmon, furunculosis, hidradenitis.
3. Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract: sinusitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, bronchitis.
4. Blood bacterial infections: tularemia, typhus, plague, trench fever.

Diagnostics

In the process of reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in the absence of timely therapy, the infectious process acquires chronic form. In order not to become carriers of dangerous infections, it is required to undergo a comprehensive examination in a timely manner. This is a mandatory general blood test, which shows an increased number of leukocytes, a jump in ESR. Other changes in the body fluid of an infected person are listed below:

• an increase in neutrophilic granulocytes;
• shift of the leukocyte formula to the left;
• an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

To avoid the development and spread of a chronic disease, the following types of clinical examinations are recommended:

1. Bacteriological (study of the habitat of microbes, creation of favorable conditions for the formation of viable colonies in the laboratory).
2. Serological (detection of specific antibodies in the blood to certain types of pathogenic microbes - under a microscope they differ in color).
3. Microscopic (after sampling, the biological material is examined in detail under a microscope, at the cellular level).

How to Treat a Bacterial Infection

The pathological process begins with an incubation period, the duration of which depends on the nature of the pathogenic flora, its localization and activity. The main goal of the implementation of conservative methods is to prevent blood poisoning, to restore the general well-being of the clinical patient. The treatment is symptomatic, here are the valuable recommendations of competent specialists:

1. The appointment of antibiotics and representatives of other pharmacological groups should be carried out exclusively by the attending physician, since individual microorganisms are immune to certain medications.
2. In addition to conservative treatment, you need to reconsider your daily diet, habitual lifestyle. For example, it is useful to completely abandon salty and fatty foods, bad habits and excessive passivity. Be sure to strengthen weak immunity.
3. Symptomatic treatment should be carried out depending on the location of the focus of the pathology, the affected body system. For example, in diseases of the respiratory system, mucolytics and expectorants are needed, and with tonsillitis, antibiotics cannot be dispensed with.

Antibiotics

If bronchitis or pneumonia occurs, such dangerous diseases must be treated with antibiotics in order to avoid extremely unpleasant complications with the health of an adult patient and a child. Among the side effects are allergic reactions, digestive disorders and more. Therefore, the appointment of antibiotics should be carried out exclusively by the attending physician after diagnosis. So:

1. To slow down the growth of pathogenic flora, bacteriostatic agents such as Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol in tablets are prescribed.
2. To exterminate a bacterial infection, bactericidal preparations such as Penicillin, Rifamycin, Aminoglycosides are recommended.
3. Among the representatives of antibiotics of the penicillin series, Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Amoxicillin are especially in demand.

How to cure a bacterial infection without antibiotics

Symptomatic therapy for an adult and a child is carried out according to medical indications. For example, in the fight against headaches, you will have to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for example, Nurofen, Ibuprofen. If there are pains of another localization, they can be removed with Diclofenac. To cure a bacterial infection without antibiotics, the following medications are recommended:

1. Diclofenac. Painkillers that additionally relieve inflammation have bactericidal properties.
2. Regidron. Salt solution, which is supposed to be taken in case of acute intoxication of the body to remove the infection.

How to treat a bacterial infection in children

In childhood, with acute infections, it is recommended to drink plenty of water, symptomatic treatment. Antibiotics are required to be abandoned if the disease is at an early stage, secondary microbes are absent. With an upper respiratory tract infection, cough medicines, mucolytics will be needed. For diseases of the throat, it is better to use local antiseptics - Lugol, Chlorophyllipt. Patients with meningitis should be urgently hospitalized.

Prevention

The penetration of pathogenic flora into the body can be prevented. To do this, at any age, it is recommended to adhere to the following preventive recommendations of a knowledgeable specialist:

• preventive vaccination;
• exclusion of prolonged hypothermia of the body;
• strengthening immunity;
• compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;
• proper nutrition adult and child, vitamins.

Video

Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Most often, the entrance gates for microbes that form the primary foci of latent diseases in the body are the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, digestive and urogenital tracts.

Microorganisms that inhabit the external environment in large quantities can be pathogenic, opportunistic or non-pathogenic (saprophytes that are part of the normal human microflora). For the latter, infection does not play a special role, because the leading factor in the development of the disease is the weakness of the immune system. An inadequate immune response in general or a decrease in the functioning of local defenses can cause the formation of an infectious process, which can proceed in two ways:

• Explicit infectious disease with an incubation period a clinical picture corresponding to the pathogen and a certain result (recovery, chronicity, recovery with consequences or progression of the process).
• Asymptomatic carrier. Conditionally pathogenic flora does not always give clear manifestations of the presence of a pathogen in the body, incubation period may be absent, the time interval from infection to the appearance of signs of infection may be indefinitely long, the local inflammatory focus may go unnoticed and the person will be unaware of the presence of a chronic latent infection. Many problems in this regard are created by saprophytes, for example, fungi that constantly live on the intestinal mucosa, but, once in another environment (the urogenital tract), with weak immunity, they begin to actively multiply. A healthy immune system usually does not allow this, that is, how long the infectious agent lingers in the body of a new host depends on the type of microorganism and the state of the person's immunity.

Thus, the immune system plays the main role at all levels and stages of any infectious process, where local factors occupy not the last place in defense reactions. However, one should not unnecessarily belittle the influence of other systems (nervous, endocrine).

When local immunity fails

Sex hormones and thyroid hormones activate the immune system, resulting in a rapid recovery of damaged tissues and recovery. On the contrary, if something is wrong with the hormones, the mucous membrane does not return to normal so quickly and the process is delayed. The quality of local immunity depends on the state of the epithelium, which is determined by the hormonal background. Recent experimental data indicate that epitheliocytes not only become a barrier between an infectious agent and the human body, but also participate in immunological reactions, that is, they are immunocompetent cells, since they carry receptors for certain cytokines on their surface. In addition, epithelial cells leave an imprint of past events (past infections, methods of treatment, types of antibiotics, etc.), therefore, when determining the origin of the inflammatory process, such details as chlamydia, Trichomonas, and in other cases, gonococci often come out.

Favorable conditions for their habitat hidden infections are found in the female genital organs, which is greatly facilitated by hormonal fluctuations, which are more pronounced in women than in men. Mushrooms, chlamydia, myco- and ureaplasma that have fallen on fertile soil lead to the development of vaginosis (an analogue of intestinal dysbiosis) and vulvovaginitis. The woman continues to consider herself healthy, since there are no obvious deviations during the traditional examination, and the nature of the discharge and some discomfort can be taken for the individual characteristics of the body.

The causative agent is present, the disease is not

Basically, the list of latent infections is made up of diseases caused by microorganisms that start the process under a certain set of circumstances, so in most cases they are classified as latent sexual infections:

That's why they are hidden, so that without symptoms

Many of these diseases form a group of chronic latent infections that can last for many years and do not cause much concern to a person. Symptoms of latent infections are usually absent, so carriers live and do not suspect that they are sources of infection for other people. And while their own immunity regulates an adequate response, they remain healthy themselves, however, a weakening of the immune system for various reasons can lead to the development of an inflammatory process (the debut in men infected with chlamydia, but confident that everything is in order in their body).

In some cases, latent leakage is noted. Of course, it is difficult for a man not to notice this, but for women this is quite possible. Left unattended, the acute period turns into a chronic form, the process subsides, Neisser's diplococci remain. They can “live” in the genital tract for quite a long time, until a woman has a complication (ovarian abscess, peritonitis, sepsis) or a new sexual partner comes to understand, who, a few days after sexual contact, will develop symptoms of a completely hidden infection.

Latent infections in children may occur before, during, or after birth. It can be chlamydia, urea and mycoplasma, herpetic infection, hepatitis, HPV. As a rule, children who have received the pathogen from birth have weak immunity and are registered as often and for a long time ill. Respiratory organs are predominantly affected if the infection is of a bacterial nature.

Diagnosis - tests for latent infections

Tests for latent infections cannot be limited to simple ones (flora, cytology). If microorganisms such as trichomonas, candida, gonococci (and even then not always) can still be seen when checking a conventional drug, then chlamydia, HPV, herpes and others are not visible at all in a smear for flora, and a cytological smear can only indirectly indicate the presence of an infection by reaction epithelium. For diagnosis, there is a list of tests for latent infections, which allows you to determine certain pathogens to the maximum extent:

Before the advent of such methods as ELISA, PCR, RIF, the diagnosis of latent infections was carried out mainly with the help of bakposev and, although this analysis has not lost its relevance, the listed methods have become increasingly used due to their availability (a bacteriological laboratory must meet special requirements that not every medical institution can perform).

Pregnant women, as a rule, take such tests free of charge. Gynecologist observing future mother, determines the timing and list of pathogens of interest to him (many of them are included in the list of TORCH infections). They usually do not take money from patients who are being examined in a hospital or outpatient treatment, which requires additional diagnostic methods.

On a personal initiative, any person has the right to be tested for latent infections. In skin and venereal dispensaries, infectious diseases hospitals, medical centers, there are paid laboratories that carry out their diagnosis. The cost of research depends on the list of pathogens, search methods, region and status of the medical institution, so the price in Moscow and, say, in Bryansk region will vary.

Features of treatment

Called in one word "infection", these processes have much in common in treatment, for example, therapy is almost always used to restore immunity (local or general), the suffering of which is obvious in all cases.

However The approach to each pathogen is still somewhat individual:

Situations are possible when latent infections of various classes (viruses, bacteria, fungi) are found in one person. When and how to combine treatment, the doctor decides, because the immune system is unlikely to tolerate an ignorant attitude towards itself.

Video: hidden infections - infection and treatment, doctor's opinion

Infection- the result of the interaction of the human body and a microbe (virus, bacterium, protozoa, fungi), in which microbes multiply in the human body and cause a response in it - inflammation, changes in blood tests, various complaints.

Infections are always caused by a foreign microorganism. Those. any infection always has pathogen. If you are given “just” inflammation of the appendages, then in this case there is also a pathogen that can be identified.

Infections in gynecology can be divided into 3 groups:

1) Venereal diseases- are transmitted only sexually and cause diseases of the genital organs. Transmitted from person to person.

Gonorrhea, syphilis, chancre, inguinal lymphogranulomatosis.

If they are, they were infected, only from a person and only through sexual contact.

2)Sexually transmitted diseases(STDs, STIs) - are caused by pathogens that are transmitted NOT ONLY sexually, but also (sometimes even more often) - with blood, and household, sometimes airborne, contact. They are also transmitted sexually, which is why they are called so - i.e. You can get infected through sexual intercourse.

HIV infection, viral hepatitis B, C, E, F, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, human papillomavirus infection, genital herpes

If they are, they were infected from another person, not necessarily through sexual contact, maybe from a mother to a child at birth, maybe in a pool on a common bench, maybe through blood.

3) Pathogens that are also sexually transmitted, but more often come to the genitals from neighboring organs, through dirty hands, and in other ways, are not called STD pathogens (for psychological reasons, so as not to injure the psyche of patients, sometimes even not leading at all sexual life, but those suffering from these infections), while very often they are causative agents of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs(PID) in men and women (colpitis, endometritis, bartholinitis, prostatitis, etc.).

E. coli, enterococci (intestinal and prostatic flora), staphylococci (hands), streptococci (chronic tonsillitis), candidiasis and etc.

The two most common conditions, in relatively healthy women, are thrush(candidiasis) and bacterial vaginosis(dysbacteriosis, vaginal dysbiosis).

Thrush

Women themselves make such a diagnosis when they are concerned about discharge. And gynecologists understand thrush as a strictly defined disease caused by a known pathogen - fungus of the genus Candida. But discharge, itching and burning are caused not only by fungi. The same symptoms of inflammation of the vagina (colpitis) are possible with gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis (gardnerellosis), genital herpes, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis and other infections. Therefore, when the complaints described are concerned, you need to go to the doctor for an examination and find out the pathogen, and not self-medicate, because. advertised drugs are effective only against real thrush - candidiasis.

Both partners should be treated at the same time, because this disease is sexually transmitted, even if it initially occurs as a sign of immunodeficiency. To be clear: if you have candidiasis, it does not mean that someone has infected you, but it does mean that you can infect another.

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (gardnerellosis) - these terms are not full synonyms. Bacterial vaginosis is a dysbacteriosis of the vagina, i.e. a condition in which the ratio of microorganisms that normally live in the vagina is disturbed. Those who should be more (lactic bacteria) become smaller, and vice versa, those who should normally be few multiply. Gardnerella is one of those that should be less, but not the only one. Thus, vaginosis is not an infection, but a dysbacteriosis. Therefore, bacterial vaginosis is not contracted and is the only condition that does not require partner treatment.

Dysbacteriosis is not transmitted to people, it is not contagious. Treatment not according to the principles of STDs - the one who has complaints is treated, without a partner.

Normally, an acidic, oxygen-rich environment is maintained in the vagina, which is favorable for the reproduction of lactic bacteria. When environmental conditions change - lack of oxygen and alkalization - lactic bacteria are replaced by those for whom these conditions are favorable: gardnerella and other bacteria that live in an alkaline environment and do not use oxygen.

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis: the discharge is whitish-gray, homogeneous, sticky, sometimes with a sharp unpleasant odor (in the presence of gardnerella).

The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is made only on the basis of complaints and bacterioscopy. A bacterioscopic examination of a smear allows you to detect a change in flora: the predominance of a small bacillus over a normal bacillus of a lactic bacterium, and the presence of "key" cells - a picture that occurs only in bacterial vaginosis: these are epithelial cells "stuck around" with a small bacillus.

If bacterial vaginosis is detected, in addition to prescribing antibiotics that affect the anaerobic microflora (SEKNIDOX is the only secnidazole on the Ukrainian market, is available in tablets and is used as prescribed by a doctor) and combined antibacterial agents (LIMENDA - vaginal suppositories, which include 2 components: metronidazole + miconazole .
are used in the complex therapy of bacterial vaginosis with tableted forms of metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, secnidazole and are used as prescribed by a doctor) take measures to eliminate the conditions for its occurrence (underwear made from natural fabrics, refusal of pads for every day, sour-milk diet).

Principles of rational treatment of genital infections:

1. Infections are treated with effective antibioticsINSIDE - in tablets or injections. Efficacy is predicted from known data on the natural and local sensitivity of the main pathogens this disease to antibiotics - and according to the results of bacteriological examination (inoculation) with the determination of sensitivity to antibiotics. Antibiotics only treat bacteria. Against the simplest, antimicrobial agents are prescribed. Viruses are often untreated. Dysbacteriosis can also be treated locally and in several stages! Stage 1 - it is necessary to remove the pathogen, in this case, as a rule, the doctor prescribes combined intravaginal forms of drugs (LIMENDA - vaginal suppositories, which include 2 components: metronidazole + miconazole) Stage 2 - restore the vaginal microflora, i.e. populate it with normal flora. At this stage, on the recommendation of the pharmacist, the woman herself can choose a local probiotic, which is dispensed from the pharmacy without a prescription. (BIOSELAC - vaginal capsules containing a standardized strain of Lactobacilli, which are the normal microflora of a woman's vagina. There are 10 capsules in a package, 1-2 capsules are used per day for 7-10 days. It is better to use 2 capsules per day for the first 2-3 days, and then switch to a single dose, 1 capsule at night)

2. There are standard antibiotic regimens for inflammatory diseases. pelvic organs in women and men, effective against 95% of possible pathogens, including chlamydia and gonococci.

3. Mandatory simultaneous treatment of all sexual partners the same drugs according to the same scheme (exceptions for preventive treatment of men - a different duration of administration) with protection condom during the menstrual cycle of treatment.

4. For the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy, it is necessary strict adherence to the TREATMENT SCHEME. Namely: a single dose of the drug, the frequency of administration during the day, the duration of the course (for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs - from 7 days, 7-14, for men - 14-21!), Combination with food, with other drugs, including number of vitamins.

5. Ideally antibiotic therapy it is advisable to start from the first day of the cycle, with menstruation. During menstruation, chronically current infections become aggravated, the effectiveness of treatment is greater + there is an exact certainty that there is no pregnancy.

Components of commonly prescribed treatment regimens:

- 1 (more often) - 2 (if there are several pathogens) antibiotic against the underlying disease (ORCIPOL - a combined antibacterial drug consisting of 2 components: ciprofloxacin - a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the 2nd generation fluoroquinolone group and ornidazole - an antibacterial drug that affects the anaerobic microflora and protozoa. It is used only as directed by a doctor. Available in tablets according to 10 pieces, used 2 times a day, so the package is enough for a course of treatment of 5 days.The drug is combined, so you do not need to use ciprofloxacin and / or ornidazole separately).

— antichlamydial drug (ORCIPOL - a combined antibacterial drug consisting of 2 components: ciprofloxacin - a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the 2nd generation fluoroquinolone group and ornidazole - an antibacterial drug that affects the anaerobic microflora and protozoa ) .

— antianaerobic drug. Against anaerobic bacteria, which are quite often the causative agents of inflammation, but are not found in the analyzes. Most often they are derivatives of nitroimidazoles (ORCIPOL - a combined antibacterial drug consisting of 2 components: ciprofloxacin - a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the 2nd generation fluoroquinolone group and ornidazole - an antibacterial drug that affects the anaerobic microflora and protozoa, SEKNIDOKS - the only secnidazole on the Ukrainian market , is available in tablets and is used as prescribed by a doctor)).

— antifungal drug. It makes sense only with existing candidiasis and for the prevention of vaginal candidiasis as possible complication taking antibiotics (FLUZAMED - fluconazole, a systemic antifungal drug in the form of a 150 mg capsule. It is dispensed from a pharmacy without a prescription. For prophylactic purposes, a single dose of the drug is sufficient)

— immunomodulator. FROM Today, modern antibiotics do not weaken the immune system; moreover, some of them are simply immunomodulators.

— eubiotics. Preparations of "good" bacteria - those that make up the normal intestinal (bifidobacteria) or vaginal (lactobacilli) flora. Of the available drugs, there are no contraindications for bifidobacteria and lactobacilli (BIOSELAC- vaginal capsules containing a standardized strain of Lactobacilli, which are the normal microflora of a woman's vagina. The package contains 10 capsules, 1-2 capsules per day are used for 7-10 days. It is better to use 2 capsules a day for the first 2-3 days, and then switch to a single dose, 1 capsule at night)

Eubiotics are taken orally! Eubiotic suppositories may only make sense in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

— liver protective drugs(hepatoprotectors). They can be prescribed for liver diseases, certain conditions, taking hormonal drugs, when choosing antibiotics that have an effect on the liver.

— multivitaminsand antioxidants. Naturally, in order to have an effect, a long-term constant reception is necessary.

GOLD RAY is a natural product based on:

1. Royal jelly rich in vitamins (B3, B5, folic acid and biotin), fatty acids and trace elements;

2. Wheat germ oil - a source of vitamin E;

3. Garlic powder, which prevents thrombosis, increases the body's resistance to bacterial and fungal infections.

GOLD RAY is designed to strengthen the body after a course of antibiotic therapy for prostatitis and infertility (male and female), as well as in complex treatment diseases of the genital area in women (algomenorrhea, menopausal syndrome, premenstrual syndrome, inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs).

— Antihistamines. They are prescribed for a history of allergic reactions, a general allergic state of the body a few days before the start of treatment and against the background of taking antibiotics.

— Candles. Most often, suppositories are prescribed that duplicate the action of the main drug of the scheme. For example, an antifungal systemic drug + antifungal suppositories. Or antibiotic + antibiotic suppositories. Or an anti-anaerobic drug + suppositories with metronidazole (LIMENDA - vaginal suppositories, which include 2 components: metronidazole + miconazole. Used in the complex therapy of bacterial vaginosis with tablet forms of metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, secnidazole and is used as prescribed by a doctor)

— Fenzyme preparations.

www.piluli.kharkov.ua

What diseases are related to bacterial sexual infections?

Bacterial genital infections is a group of diseases that are caused by pathogenic microorganisms of the kingdom bacteria. Exists great amount bacteria that can lead to the development of an infectious and inflammatory process in the human body. Specifically sexual infections can be caused by the following bacteria:

• Calimatobacterium (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis) - causes inguinal granuloma or, as it is also called donovanosis;
• Bacillus Dyukrey - Unna - Petersen (Haemophilus ducreyi) - causes soft chancre;
• Pale treponema (Treponema pallidum) - causes syphilis or Lues according to the old terminology;
• Serovars L1, L2 and L3 of chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) - cause lymphogranuloma venereum or Durand-Nicolas-Favre disease;
• Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) - causes chlamydia;
• Gonococcus (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) - causes gonorrhea or gonorrhea in the old terminology;
• Mycoplasma (Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium) - causes mycoplasmosis;
• Ureaplasma ( Ureaplasma urealyticum) - causes ureaplasmosis.

These bacteria can enter the human body at almost any age, so everyone has a risk of contracting bacterial sexual infections, regardless of whether it is a child or an adult. Of course, sexually promiscuous adults are most at risk of infection. But sick adults can infect their children with some bacterial sexual infections through close household contacts (for example, chlamydia), or an infected mother during childbirth transmits the disease to the newborn.

Synonyms for the names of bacterial genital infections

In connection with the long observation of various bacterial genital infections, different doctors described the same condition, but gave different names. Today there is an international classifier of diseases, which indicates exactly the generally accepted name of a particular pathology. However, doctors often use the name that they are familiar with from the student bench, or for some other reason. Numerous synonyms for the names of the same bacterial sexual infection are given in the table:

The name of the disease adopted in the international classification	Synonyms
Donovanose	inguinal granuloma; tropical inguinal granuloma; ulcerative granuloma of the genital organs; sclerosing granuloma; fifth venereal disease.
Venereal lymphogranuloma	tropical bubo; Duran-Nicolas-Favre disease; inguinal lymphogranulomatosis; fourth venereal disease.
Chancroid	chancroid; third venereal disease.
Syphilis	syphilis; French disease; Spanish disease.
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea	blennorrhea; gonorrhea.

Ways of infection

Consider the possible ways of infection for each bacterial sexual infection separately, since all bacteria have their own individual characteristics, which leads to the presence of some nuances.

Donovanose

Since the causative agent of the disease lives in a tropical and subtropical climate, donovanosis is common in Africa, Asia, America and Australia.

The infectiousness of the causative agent of donovanosis is low, and the disease in adults is transmitted sexually through any type of contact (vaginal, oral, anal). Children become ill through prolonged close household contact with sick adults through common objects.

Chancroid

This sexual infection is common in countries with a tropical and subtropical climate - Africa, Asia, Latin America, the islands of Oceania. A soft chancre is caused by an anaerobic bacillus, the infection of which occurs exclusively through sexual contact of any type - vaginal, anal or oral. The causative agent of a soft chancre is introduced into the body through wounds and microtraumas on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs of a man or woman.

Men are more likely to get sick (the ratio with women is 10 to 1), and women act as carriers of the infection, contributing to the spread of soft chancre in the population. The disease is not transmitted from a sick mother to a child during childbirth.

Syphilis

This disease is common in all countries of the world. Syphilis has been known for a long time, and has been studied in sufficient detail. From time to time, syphilis epidemics break out in various countries, which, with the availability of modern antibiotics, can be localized and quickly eliminated.

Syphilis has two main routes of transmission - sexual and so-called domestic. The sexual route is an infection during sexual intercourse of any type (vaginal, oral, anal). The household route of infection is the transmission of the pathogen through common objects that have been contaminated with discharge of syphilitic ulcers and granulomas. Patients with erosive and ulcerative chancres and papules on the skin are especially contagious. The urine and sweat of a patient with syphilis are not contagious, but the saliva may contain pathogens if there are granulomas in the oral cavity.

Infection of a child is possible during pregnancy or during childbirth if the mother is sick with syphilis. Variants of infection of a child during breastfeeding by a sick mother are also described.

Both children and adults can become infected with syphilis during various medical procedures, especially surgical interventions, autopsies, blood transfusions, examinations with non-sterile instruments, etc.

Venereal lymphogranuloma

This sexual disease is common in countries with a warm climate - Africa, Asia and South America.

Granuloma venereum is caused by specific subtypes of chlamydia that are difficult to distinguish from others that cause chlamydia. The infectivity of these subtypes of chlamydia is low, the pathogen can manifest itself only when it directly enters the bloodstream and lymph flow through wounds on the mucous membranes and skin. That is why the path of infection with serotypes of chlamydia L1, L2 and L3 can be any, if there is a violation of the integrity of the skin or mucous membrane.

Adults can become infected through sexual contact if there are microtears in the mucous membrane of the vagina or anus. Children become infected through close household contact with infected adults when sharing objects. Infection is also possible during medical procedures using non-sterile instruments and Supplies.
Most often men are sick - homosexuals.

Gonorrhea

Today, gonorrhea is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world. The main route of transmission of the disease is sexual, but there are also non-sexual routes. Women and men get sick with the same frequency. Most often, the source of infection is a person who has gonorrhea in a latent form, that is, does not notice signs of a sexual disease.

Localization of gonorrheal inflammation in the anus in men is possible only with homosexual contacts. In women, infection of the rectum can occur with leakage of pathological discharge from the vagina and urethra.

Oral sex can also lead to infection with gonorrhea with localization of inflammation in the oral cavity, on the tonsils and pharyngeal mucosa. In this case, infection healthy person can occur with a banal kiss with a patient with gonorrhea.

Children become infected with gonorrhea in childbirth from a sick mother, and the localization of the lesion may be different (eyes, pharynx, oral cavity, nose, etc.). When children are in close household contact with sick adults, use the same hygiene items and bedding, infection of the child can also occur.

Adults and children can become infected with gonorrhea during medical procedures using non-sterile materials and instruments.

Chlamydia

This disease occurs quite often in all parts of the world. Chlamydia is transmitted sexually and non-sexually. So, infection with chlamydia can occur during any type of sexual contact (vaginal, oral, anal) from a sick person to a healthy one.

Today described " family forms» chlamydia, when at least three generations suffer from this pathology. In this situation, chlamydia is transmitted from an infected mother to a child during childbirth, or as a result of prolonged close household contact using common objects.

Women are more often carriers of chlamydia, which do not cause inflammation. Such women can spread the infection without knowing they are carriers.

Mycoplasmosis, Ureaplasmosis

These diseases are widespread. The main route of transmission is sexual. Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas are transmitted through any kind of sexual contact. Women are more likely to be carriers, and men are more likely to get sick.

Children can become infected in childbirth from a sick mother, and boys often have a natural recovery, and girls remain carriers of the microorganism.

The household way of transmission of mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis is very rare.

Symptoms

Consider the symptoms and diseases that can be triggered by various pathogens of genital infections.

Donovanose

From the moment of infection to the manifestation of the disease can take from several days to 3 months. Donovanosis is manifested by the formation of painful papules and pustules, which gradually become ulcers. Most often, papules are located in the genital area, perineum, anus, on the face or in the ENT organs. With the progression of donovanosis, ulcers grow, occupying an increasing area. The general condition of the person is satisfactory. Sometimes swelling of the lymph nodes is formed with their transformation into pseudobuboes.

Donovanosis can affect the liver, spleen, lungs, and bones. In this case, death is possible. Usually, the infection proceeds for 2-4 years, after which it heals on its own, leaving scars on the skin and mucous membranes.

Chancroid

From the moment of infection to the appearance of signs of the disease, 4-7 days pass. Then there is soreness at the site of chancre formation - in the groin, on the penis, labia, etc. Women may feel pain in the perineum during bowel movements, or observe bloody issues from the anus or vagina.

Then an ulcer is formed, which is extremely painful in men, and practically insensitive in women. Neighboring ulcers can merge into one large one. Most often, the ulcer is located on the labia, the vestibule of the vagina, the head of the penis, in the region of the lips or anus during anal or oral contact.

There is inflammation of the lymph nodes, the skin over which is colored bluish-red. Such buboes open on their own, with the release of pus.

Syphilis

From the moment of infection to the onset of symptoms, it takes 3-4 weeks. Syphilis has 4 stages:
1. Primary.
2. Secondary.
3. Tertiary.
4. late forms.

Primary syphilis characterized by the successive development of a spot, and then an ulcer in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe introduction of bacteria (the vulva, anus, perineum, ENT organs, lips, gums), which is called syphiloma, or hard chancre. The chancre has clear boundaries, when palpated it is dense, of a cartilage-like consistency. Usually the defect is painless, but in some cases it can suppurate, and resemble a boil. Chancres are single or multiple. Hard chancre most often goes away on its own, with the formation of a tender scar on the skin or mucous membrane - this is the moment of transition to the secondary stage. However, sometimes the chancre remains even after the transition of primary syphilis to secondary.

A week after the appearance of the chancre, a painless bubo develops - an enlarged and inflamed lymph node located next to the skin defect. The lymphatic vessel, which goes from the chancre to the lymph node, is also involved in the inflammation.

Secondary syphilis. It develops 2-3 months after infection. It proceeds cyclically - periods of onset of symptoms alternate, and their disappearance. Secondary syphilis begins with the appearance of an abundant rash on the skin and mucous membranes in the form of small bright formations - roseola and papules, arranged symmetrically. There may be a temperature before the rash, headache, general malaise. The rash goes away on its own in 1-4 weeks, and after 1.5-2 months it may reappear. Repeated rashes are characterized by an increase in the size of the spots and a decrease in their number. Neighboring lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels are involved in inflammation.

With the duration of syphilis for more than six months, leukoderma and baldness (focal hair loss on the head, armpits, mustache, eyebrows and eyelashes) can develop. Leucoderma resembles foci of vitiligo, and is localized mainly on the skin of the neck, shoulder, hands, feet, chest and lower back.

Roseola and papules are usually painless and may vary in size and depth. Roseolas located in areas of excessive sweating (groin, armpits, anus, etc.) can ulcerate, hurt and turn into warts. Often there are no rashes on the skin, but there are on the mucous membranes (mouth, tongue, pharynx, tonsils, vagina, rectum). Such rashes on the mucous membranes are very contagious. Often they proceed with the picture:

• laryngitis;
• pharyngitis;
• sore throats;
• rhinitis;
• vulvovaginitis;
• cervicitis;
• endometritis;
• urethritis;
• proctitis.

At the stage of secondary syphilis, damage to the central nervous system begins, which is manifested by meningitis, neuritis, hydrocephalus and meningomyelitis. Hearing and vision are often impaired due to chronic inflammation of the eye and ear. Syphilis also affects the heart and blood vessels, causing vasculitis, aortic thickening, valve defects, myocarditis, pericarditis, endocarditis. Rarely, syphilis can lead to chronic bronchitis and pneumonia. The liver is especially sensitive to syphilis, functional disorders of which are present in 80-90% of patients. The skeletal system reacts to a syphilitic infection with the development of arthritis, polyarthritis, arthralgia, tendosynovitis.

Tertiary syphilis. This period can last for years without severe symptoms. In the course of tertiary syphilis, the disease progresses internal organs with the formation of a serious pathology (tasso dorsalis, endarteritis, paralysis, aortitis, etc.). Gummas are formed in the thickness of organs and tissues, which lead to the formation of scars and strands, disrupting the normal functioning of the organ.

Late forms of syphilis. During this period, a severe lesion of the central nervous system is manifested, which is called neurosyphilis. Neurosyphilis can be asymptomatic, with impaired attention, memory, and logical thinking. It can manifest itself in the form of meningitis, meningovasculitis, dorsal tabes, encephalitis. Ultimately, a person develops dementia, paralysis, paresis, etc.

Late forms of syphilis are characterized by the development of severe somatic pathology of internal organs: heart defects, blood vessels and valves, bone gums, cartilage melting, hepatitis and cirrhosis.

congenital syphilis. It appears in the first 3 months of a newborn's life. The child has an old face, a protruding forehead, a constant runny nose, gray skin, and a sunken nose. The child lags behind in development. Bubbles appear on the skin. Congenital syphilis leads to pathology of the skeletal system - newborns develop osteoporosis, bone fragility, periostitis, arthritis, etc.

Congenital syphilis affects the child's liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. CNS damage is manifested by the following symptoms:

• the child cries day and night;
• increased intracranial pressure;
• convulsions;
• meningitis;
• strabismus;
• increased reflexes;
• different pupils.

Venereal lymphogranuloma

The manifestation of the disease begins after 3 days - 2 weeks from the moment of infection. The infection has 3 stages:
1. Papule, vesicle or ulcer.
2. Inflammation of the lymph nodes (buboes), proctitis.
3. Chronic inflammation of the pelvic organs with the formation of fistulas, С "истуР", etc.

A painless papule appears on the genitals, and quickly passes on its own. Then inflammation of the lymph nodes develops, which erupt with the outflow of pus, the formation of fistulas in the groin. The pus can spread to the rectal area with the development of inflammation of the anus and rectum (anoproctitis). There are purulent and bloody discharge from the anus. The patient experiences chills, intoxication, muscle and joint pain, allergies, severe pain in the groin and perineum, and the inability to go to the toilet. In women, papillomas can form in the urethra.

Gonorrhea

The infectious-inflammatory process affects exclusively the genitourinary organs of men and women, less often the rectum, eyes and pharynx. Gonorrheal eye disease is called blennorrhea. The main symptom of gonorrhea is profuse purulent discharge from the affected organ (urethra, rectum, vagina, eyes, throat, etc.). Gonorrhea of ​​the urogenital organs in women is manifested by urethritis, cervicitis, vulvovaginitis, and in men - mainly by urethritis. There are also gonorrheal stomatitis, pharyngitis and conjunctivitis.

Gonorrhea is accompanied by cutting and pain during urination, sexual intercourse, and profuse discharge from the genitourinary organs. After a few days, these phenomena disappear, and the disease, if left untreated, passes into a latent form, leading to complications and involvement in inflammation of other genital organs (uterus, prostate, ovaries, fallopian tubes).

Gonorrheal lesions of the anus are accompanied by mucus, pus and blood in the feces, pain during defecation, itching and burning of the anus.

Blennorrhea is manifested by photophobia, swelling and redness of the eyelids, purulent discharge.

Chlamydia

This infection proceeds differently - completely hidden, or with a bright clinic. The latent course of infection is asymptomatic. Chlamydia manifests itself:

• urethritis;
• paraurethritis;
• bartholinitis;
• cervicitis;
• vaginitis;
• salpingitis;
• adnexitis;
• endometritis.

In this case, pain, cramps and burning sensation during urination, sexual intercourse, pulling pains in the lower abdomen are possible.

Mycoplasmosis

Mycoplasma can stay in the human body for a long time, and not cause any pathologies - given state characterized as a carrier. If the carriage turns into the disease mycoplasmosis, then the following organs are affected - the urethra, vagina, uterus, ovaries, tubes, kidneys. Thus, mycoplasmosis is manifested by the following diseases:

• urethritis;
• gardnerellosis;
• endometritis;
• adnexitis;
• salpingitis;
• pyelonephritis;
• glomerulonephritis.

Ureaplasmosis

Ureaplasma can also be in an inactive state, that is, carriage occurs. If the bacterium is activated, it can cause the following pathologies: urethritis, endometritis, adnexitis, salpingitis, nephrolithiasis, miscarriages, premature birth.

Tests for bacterial sexual infections

Various laboratory methods identification of pathogens of bacterial genital infections are reflected in the table:

Donovanose	Chancroid	Venereal lymphogranuloma	Syphilis	Gonorrhea	Chlamydia	Mycoplasmosis	Ureaplasmosis
A swab of discharge from an ulcer	A swab of discharge from an ulcer	Frey test	Smear of detachable chancre	Discharge smear	ELISA	Sowing on Wednesday	Sowing on Wednesday
PCR	Sowing on Wednesday	RSK titer above 1:64	RSK	ELISA	PCR	ELISA	ELISA
	Intradermal test with allergen	ELISA	MCI	PCR	LCR	mutual fund	mutual fund
	PCR	RIA	ELISA	REEF	mutual fund	PCR	PCR
		PCR	REEF	Sowing on Wednesday	Sowing on Wednesday
			RPGA	Bordet-Gangu reaction
				RPGA

Note: PCR - polymerase chain reaction, RSK - complement fixation reaction, ELISA - enzyme immunoassay, RIA - radioimmunoassay, RIF - immunofluorescence reaction, DIF - direct immunofluorescence, MRP - precipitation microreaction, RPHA - passive hemagglutination reaction, LCR - ligase chain reaction.

Principles of treatment

Consider the main directions of treatment of infections - what drugs are used at various stages and course of the disease.

Donovanose. Effective against the pathogen:
1. The combined sulfanilamide Co-trimoxazole (Biseptol, Bactrim, Groseptol, Septrim) is taken twice a day, 160 mg each for 3 weeks - 3 months.
2. Tetracycline antibiotics (Doxycycline, Vibramycin) - twice a day, 100 mg, for 3 weeks - 3 months.

As a prevention of donovanosis after dangerous intercourse good effect provides tetracycline ointment.

Chancroid. The following antibiotics are effective:
1. Azithromycin (Sumamed, Azitral) - 1 g once;
2. Systemic quinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Tsiprolet, Tsipromed, Tsifran) - 0.5 g twice a day, for 3 days;
3. Erythromycin - 0.5 g 4 times a day, for a week.

Venereal granuloma. Treatment can be medical and surgical (if necessary). Operations are performed in case of deformation of organs and tissues, to restore normal anatomy. Effective medicines:

• Tetracycline antibiotics - Oletetrin (2 g per day), Erythromycin (1.5 - 2 g per day), Doxycycline, Rondomycin (0.9 - 2 g per day);
• Sulfonamides - Co-trimoxazole 2-4 g per day for 5-7 days;
• Vitamins A, group B, PP;
• Enzymes - trypsin, lidase;
• Angioprotectors - Venoruton.

Syphilis. The selection of therapy is carried out taking into account individual characteristics. The following drugs are effective:

• Penicillin antibiotics;
• Erythromycin;
• Tetracycline;
• Cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone);
• Bismuth preparations (Biyoquinol, Bismoverol);
• Arsenic preparations (Novarsenol, Miarsenol);
• Immunostimulants (Pirogenal).

Gonorrhea. The following antibiotics are effective against gonococci:

• Cefixime (Suprax) - 400 mg once;
• Systemic quinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Tsiprolet, Tsipromed, Cifran, Ofloxacin, Zanocin, Tarivid) - 0.5 g once;
• Azithromycin (Sumamed, Azitrox) - 1 g once.

Chlamydia. Treatment regimens for infection are different, but the following antibiotics are most often used:

• Azithromycin (Azivok, Sumizide) - 1 g once;
• Doxycycline (Doxal, Medomycin) - 100 mg twice a day for a week.

Mycoplasmosis. Treatment includes the use of local and systemic drugs:
1. Local - Metronidazole gel (Metrogil, Klion D) - in the vagina twice a day for 5 days; cream Clindamycin (Dalacin) - in the vagina at night for 7 days.
2. Systemic - Metronidazole tablets (Klion, Trichopolum, Flagyl) 0.5 - 1 g twice a day, for a week; Clindamycin tablets (Dalacin, Klimitsin) 300 mg 2 times a day for a week.

Ureaplasmosis. Therapy is effective with the following antibiotics:

• Azithromycin (Azivok, Sumamed) - 1 time 1000 mg;
• Doxycycline (Doxal, Medomycin) - 100 mg twice a day for a week.

Healing Control

After the end of the course of treatment, you should re-take tests that will show whether the pathogen is completely destroyed. After a course of therapy, it is necessary to use condoms during sexual intercourse for about 3 months. Then, sequentially, 3, 6 and 12 months after the course of treatment, undergo an examination by a doctor and take tests. When the last control analysis and examination a year after the infection does not reveal signs of a chronic disease, the therapy process can be considered completed, and the pathology completely cured.

Vermox how worms come out Vermox and decaris regimen

Bacterial infections in women are quite common, which is associated with the peculiarity of the female genitourinary system and microbiocinosis of the vaginal flora. The causes of inflammation can be very diverse, but the signs have common features. Due to the similarity of clinical symptoms, these inflammatory processes called vaginitis or vaginosis. Among the most common bacterial infections are gardnerellosis (bacterial vaginosis), yeast infection and trichomoniasis. A wide variety of causes of vaginitis is primarily due to the fact that the female body in the vagina has its own environment where a balance of normal bacteria is created. Vaginitis appears when the vaginal ecosystem has undergone a change. This can happen if a woman is taking certain medications, such as antibiotics, hormones, contraceptives (oral and topical), vaginal medications, and frequent douching. Also, vaginitis can develop as a result of sexual contact, in case of infection with a sexually transmitted infection. In some cases, the cause of inflammation of the vagina can be stress, frequent change of sexual partners.

Causes of bacterial infections in women

More than 50% of cases of vaginitis are caused by bacterial vaginosis. It is caused by a change or imbalance in those bacteria that are normally found in the vagina. As a result of a violation of microbiocinosis, there is an increased reproduction of some microorganisms, most often, Gardnerella vaginalis. The greatest risk of developing bacterial vaginosis occurs during pregnancy in the presence of intrauterine contraceptives, and with frequent douching. The infection can be caused by sexual activity, and most likely due to the appearance of a new sexual partner. The probability of the disease is possible only after the onset.

Also very common cause Vulvaginitis is a yeast infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans. This infection is also called candidiasis, genital candidiasis, or vulvovaginal candidiasis, thrush. A yeast infection can spread to other parts of the body like the skin, mucous membranes, etc. It can lead to life-threatening systemic infections and is most common in people with weakened immune systems. These may include pregnant women, diabetic patients, or those taking steroid medications. Nearly 75% of all adult women have had a yeast infection at least once in their lives. A yeast infection is caused by an overgrowth of normal fungi in the vagina, leading to unpleasant symptoms. Yeast is controlled by normally growing bacteria in the body. If the natural balance of microorganisms is disturbed, then the growth of yeast fungi becomes uncontrollable. The most common provoking factors leading to the development of vulvovaginal candidiasis are: prolonged use of antibiotics, contraceptives, changes in hormonal levels, including for physiological reasons - pregnancy, menopause, as well as frequent vaginal cleansing procedures and trauma when using hygienic tampons.

A fairly common cause of inflammation is an infection from the group of sexually transmitted pathogens - Trichomonas vaginalis. As a result of the action of Trichomonas, a disease occurs - trichomoniasis. Trichomoniasis mainly affects the urinary and genital tract. In women, the most favorable place for the development of infection is the vagina.

Signs of bacterial infections in women

Regardless of the cause that caused, the clinical symptoms caused by various bacterial agents have largely similar features. The most common symptoms of various forms of vaginitis are vaginal discharge, itching, and burning. Although the symptoms of these infections can be very similar, there are some differences in the color and smell of the discharge. Some vaginal discharge is normal for women of childbearing age. Normally, the glands of the cervix produce a cleansing mucous secretion that flows out of the body, mixing with bacteria, detached cells of the vagina and the Bartholin's gland of the vaginal vestibule. These substances give the mucus a whitish color depending on the amount of mucus, and the secretions turn yellow when exposed to air. During the menstrual cycle, there are periods when the glands of the cervix produce more mucus than others, depending on the amount of estrogen produced. If the discharge has changed in color, for example, become greenish, and is accompanied by an unpleasant odor, changes in consistency, or has increased significantly in quantity, then one or another form of vaginitis may develop.

Among the clinical features inherent in the pathogens of vulvaginitis, the following can be noted:

1. With bacterial vaginosis, pathological discharge has an unpleasant odor. Some women have a strong fishy smell, especially after sexual contact. The discharge is usually white or gray in color and may be runny. This may be accompanied by burning when urinating, or itching in the vaginal area, or both. Although some women, even in the case of the disease, do not have symptoms of bacterial vaginosis at all.

2. In the case of a yeast infection or candidiasis, inflammation leads to a thick, white-gray "cheesy" discharge and is accompanied by itching. May be in the genital area. This often causes pain during urination and sexual intercourse. Vaginal discharge may not always be.

3. Trichomoniasis causes a frothy vaginal discharge that may be yellow-green or gray, accompanied by itching and irritation in the genital area, burning during urination, which is often mistaken for urinary tract infections. During intercourse, discomfort and an unpleasant odor may appear. Because trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease, symptoms may appear within 4 to 20 days after sexual contact.

Dermatovenereologist, allergist-immunologist, MD, Professor A.A. Haldin.