The main theses of the report on the topic: "The role of the media in the fight against corruption"

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to understand the role and functions of the media in overcoming corruption, ensuring sustainable and democratic development of modern society and the state.

Corruption, penetrating all spheres of public life, has entered the system of values, deforms moral norms, undermines the foundations of freedom and democracy, citizens' trust in state power and management. Corruption is a brake on economic development.

With the current scale of corruption, the innovative development of the economy is hampered by the illegal redistribution and embezzlement of funds allocated by the state for social programs, infrastructure development, and modernization. As a result of corruption, the principles of fair competition are violated, which is replaced by competition for the use of administrative resources. There is a deformation of incentives, corruption becomes a more profitable and risk-free way of enrichment in comparison with conscientious entrepreneurship.

The problem of corruption is of a systemic nature, therefore, it can be assumed that the anti-corruption policy should also be of a systemic nature. The most important component of the anti-corruption policy is the political one, since the direction and effectiveness of the entire set of anti-corruption measures depends on it.

An important place in the system of anti-corruption policy is occupied by the mass media and communications.

The resource potential of the media as an element of civil control is associated with diverse opportunities for the formation of the idea of ​​social justice, hostility to anti-social phenomena and norms, general civic identity, and lies in the possibility of the active influence of the media on public opinion and behavior of citizens.

The main goal of the mass media is the opportunity to reveal to society the hidden mechanisms of corruption, depriving it of a fertile ground for development and spread. An important role is played by journalistic investigations into the facts of corruption and making them public, which should prove to society and corrupt officials the inevitability of punishment for anti-social acts.

The inconsistency of the functions of the Russian media in the system of forming the principles and culture of anti-corruption policy is manifested in the fact that this institution of civil society does not have a sufficient resource base and legal status to perform the roles of an influential subject of anti-corruption policy. Representing the interests of the media in advisory institutions under the executive authorities is not enough and does not provide a guarantee of obtaining complete and objective information, impartial judicial practice on anti-corruption investigations of the media.

The media can act as the main institution organizing the fight against corruption in modern Russian society.

The main functions of combating corruption in the media:

Conducting and assisting in organizing public discussions on acute issues of reality and promoting the search for ways of life without corruption;

Assistance in improving and increasing the level of openness of public administration and business for public control;

Coverage of effective experience in the fight against corruption and international practice in combating corruption;

Informational and organizational participation in conducting anti-corruption research and development of anti-corruption strategies;

Ordering, conducting and reporting objective research on corruption.

The resource potential of the media as an element of civil society lies in the possibility of the media's active influence on the political consciousness and behavior of citizens, which indicates the crucial role of the "fourth power" in modern society.

The media, having technical and ideological capabilities, are able to form:

Ideas of social justice, developing a stable dislike for antisocial phenomena and moral norms;

A single information space, consolidating society, forming a nationwide idea.

The resource potential of the media should be considered as an autonomous socio-political institution, a structural component political system. The autonomy of the media is determined by their communication system, which allows them to perform a number of functions that ensure continuous communication of all parts of the political system. In the process of implementing the information function, an event picture is formed political life. In the period of transformation of the transit state of society, reforms and crises, the media, working closely with the structures of civil control, performs an information-enlightened function. Citizens' access to information that reveals the actions of the authorities and passes through the media channels is considered as one of the main indicators of the democratic nature of the political system.

The involvement of the media in the formation of an anti-corruption worldview and the promotion of anti-corruption activities is associated with:

Expanding media access to information of public interest;

Ensuring the mandatory and prompt response of the relevant authorities and officials to media reports on the facts of corruption;

Involvement of disciplinary and criminal liability of officials, preventing media representatives from collecting and disseminating information about the facts of corruption;

Strengthening the institution of protecting the confidentiality of journalistic sources of information; involvement of the media in the formation of an anti-corruption worldview and popularization of anti-corruption activities;

Separation of state and non-state media by introducing a ban on the participation of non-state structures in authorized capital state media and state structures in the authorized capital of non-state media;

Changing the management methods of the state audiovisual media in the direction of ensuring their professional independence and taking into account public opinion;

Development and publication in the media of indices of the level of corruption, which make it possible to compare regions, industries, large enterprises, and decisions of authorities;

Providing support to the efforts of the journalistic community to develop and ensure compliance with the rules of professional ethics, the implementation of standards for investigative journalism;

Widespread use of the Internet to inform the public about the activities of state authorities and local self-government, provide access to socially significant information, involve citizens in the process of discussing projects, decisions to monitor their implementation.

The inconsistency of the functions of the Russian media in the system of forming the principles and culture of anti-corruption policy is manifested in the fact that this institution of civil society does not have a sufficient resource base and legal status to play the role of an influential subject of anti-corruption policy. Meanwhile, the mentioned function is declared by the leaders of the media, which forms public opinion. Representing the interests of the media in advisory institutions under the executive authorities is not enough and does not provide a guarantee of obtaining complete and objective information, impartial judicial practice on anti-corruption investigations of the media.

IN Russian Federation The media is often a tool political struggle which breeds corruption within them. The effectiveness of the media makes it necessary to become free and economically independent; without this, the media will not be able to be the subject of anti-corruption policy, but will only be an object (passive tool) in the interests of others. Professionally independent and economically transparent media will allow them to become a real tool of society in the fight against corruption, wresting the media from the influence of corrupt officials and government authorities.

It is possible to single out the threats that hinder the independence of the media at the present stage of social development:

The main threat to media freedom is the threat of monopolization and concentration;

An important obstacle to media freedom was that most of the media was owned by oligarchic business elites who used the fight against corruption for their own political or financial purposes, rather than to increase the level of openness and transparency in modern Russian society.

Corruption in the media poses a huge public danger, because, by receiving money for “custom-made articles, programs and actions,” a journalist deforms public consciousness in the right direction for the customer, often slandering an innocent person. Often the causes of corruption in the media are the dependence of journalists, the fear of losing their jobs, low level income, especially at the regional and local levels.

An important step towards overcoming corruption in the media themselves would be the publication of their income and expenses, the ways they were received.

To improve the effectiveness of the anti-corruption policy in the activities of the media, it is necessary to:

Continuous provision of information transparency of the activities of public authorities and free access to them by citizens and institutions of public control;

Giving a real role, and not a nominal character, to public councils under state authorities through their complete independence from them and the obligatory consideration of their amendments and recommendations in the activities and adoption of state decisions;

Increasing the level of awareness of society and citizens about ongoing anti-corruption activities;

Increasing the role and participation of the media in anti-corruption activities;

Increasing the role of the media in the implementation of public control by civil society over the accuracy of information indicated in public reports by public authorities that directly spend budget funds;

Carrying out systematic investigations with the punishment of those responsible for corruption and embezzlement of budget funds, with the obligatory publication in the media of the results of these investigations.

MEDIA AS A MEANS OF COUNTERACTION TO CORRUPTION

A.E. RUSSETKIY

On the results of the work of the department for supervision over the implementation of anti-corruption legislation in monitoring media reports containing information about corruption-related offenses.

The Department for Supervision of the Enforcement of Anti-Corruption Legislation constantly monitors media reports containing information about corruption-related offenses.

In 2015, as a result of this work, the department identified 71 publications containing information on possible violations of anti-corruption legislation (in 2014 - 13).

Basically, these articles dealt with the issues of alleged facts of corruption on the part of persons holding positions in state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments; violation by them of prohibitions and restrictions established by law; manifestations of corruption in the organization and conduct of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs, etc.

These publications were sent for consideration to the prosecutor's offices of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the Chief Military Prosecutor's Office, as well as to other divisions of the central apparatus of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation.

According to the results of the audits, the overwhelming majority of the arguments set forth in the articles were not confirmed. However, there are well-founded publications, based on the results of the consideration of which the prosecutor's office took measures of the prosecutor's response.

For example, on the portal of regional news regnews.ru, an article "The authorities of Yakutia are ready to spend almost 7 million rubles on a gold watch" was revealed. This publication was sent for consideration to the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which conducted an audit of the implementation of anti-corruption legislation.

It was established that in August 2015, following the results of an open electronic auction, a state contract was concluded for the manufacture and supply of men's and women's gold watches with a strap in a case on total amount over 5 million rubles. This watch was an appendix to the Diploma of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Gratitude of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

In terms of the efficiency of spending budgetary funds, no violations of the law were found.

However, during the audit conducted by the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with the involvement of specialists from the Department of Budgetary and Financial Control of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic, violations of Art. 112 of the Federal Law of April 5, 2013 N 44-FZ "On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs" in terms of violation of the deadline for the customer to place the procurement schedule for 2015.

On this fact, proceedings were initiated against an official of the Department of Affairs of the Head and the Government of the Republic in the case of administrative offense, under Part. 1.1 of Art. 7.30 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation (violation of the procedure for the procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs), an administrative fine of 15 thousand rubles was imposed on the guilty person.

In addition, according to the results of the anti-corruption expertise of the Regulations on the Diploma of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), a number of corruption factors have been identified.

Thus, paragraph 1 of section 2 of the Regulations establishes a list of documents that must be submitted when making proposals for awarding citizens with a Diploma of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

At the same time, the Regulations do not define persons who are entitled to submit a petition for awarding citizens with a Diploma of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), do not establish the procedure for accepting petitions and documents attached to it, do not determine the deadlines for submitting petitions, the address and structural unit (official) of the Government of the Republic , which accepts documents on the basis of which the Government decides on the award or rejection of the application.

Paragraph 2 of section 2 of the Regulations provides that issues of awarding the Diploma are submitted to the Government of the Republic for consideration by the head of the department for state awards and heraldry of the Administration of the Head of the Republic and the Government of the Republic. At the same time, the right of the Chairman of the Government of the Republic to issue instructions on the urgent execution of the Diploma of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was established.

Also, in paragraph 2 of section 2 of the Regulations, it is determined that late or incomplete submission of these documents is the basis for leaving applications for awarding the Diploma without satisfaction or for returning documents for revision.

The Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) addressed the Chairman of the Government of the Republic with a demand to exclude corruption factors from the Regulations on the Diploma of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), approved by Decree of the Government of the Republic of March 5, 2011 N 92 (as amended on April 25, 2015).

The requirement was considered and satisfied, the Regulations on the Diploma of the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) were amended and supplemented accordingly.

Also, based on the results of mass media monitoring, the publication "Medical secrecy. Officials of the regional ministries of health are showing miracles of ingenuity to hide the facts of non-compliance with anti-corruption legislation by departments" was revealed.

The article was published based on the materials of the All-Russian public movement "People's Front "For Russia" and dealt with violations of the law in terms of publishing information on income, property and property obligations of heads of healthcare institutions in a number of Russian regions on the Internet.

This publication was sent to the prosecutor's offices of the Smolensk, Tula, Orel, Penza, Rostov, Voronezh, Kirov, Bryansk, Moscow, Novgorod, Omsk, Sakhalin, Tyumen, Yaroslavl regions, the Republic of Karelia, the Republic of Komi, the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts for consideration and possible implementation of oversight activities.

Based on the results of the inspections, response measures were taken by the prosecutor's offices of the Rostov, Penza, Tyumen and Smolensk regions, and no violations of federal law were found in other constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Thus, the prosecutor's office of the Rostov region established that information on income, property and liabilities of a property nature, submitted by the heads of regional public institutions health care in relation to themselves and family members, really were not posted on the Internet.

The analysis of the regional legislation showed that, contrary to the requirements of the Federal Law "On Combating Corruption", issues related to the term, volume, procedure and form of posting such information on the Internet are not fixed, and responsible and authorized officials (bodies, divisions and etc.).

In this regard, an information letter was sent to the Governor of the region with a proposal to consider the need for legislative regulation of issues related to the procedure for publishing information about income. Currently, in order to fulfill the requirements of the prosecutor's office, a draft of the relevant regulatory legal act is being developed.

In violation of the Federal Law "On Combating Corruption", certain heads of healthcare institutions in the Penza region provided false information about income, property and property obligations for 2014, which were posted on the Internet.

According to these facts, a submission was submitted to the Ministry of Health of the Penza Region to eliminate violations of anti-corruption legislation, as a result of which four chief doctors who committed these violations were brought to disciplinary liability.

In violation of federal law, at the time of the audit, the official Internet portal did not contain information on income, property and liabilities of a property nature, provided by the heads of healthcare institutions in the Tyumen region for 2012 and 2013.

This information was previously posted on the site, but as a result of misinterpretation by the employees of the Department of Health, areas of legal requirements were removed from the portal at the same time as the information for the next year was posted. The prosecutor of the Tyumen region submitted a proposal to the director of the regional health department to eliminate violations of anti-corruption legislation.

Currently, information on the income of the heads of public health institutions of the region for 2012 and 2013 has been restored.

The prosecutor's office of the Smolensk region found that, contrary to the requirements of federal legislation, at the regional level, issues regarding the procedure for posting information on income, property and property obligations submitted by the heads of regional state institutions on the Internet are not regulated.

In this regard, the administration of the Smolensk region submitted a proposal to eliminate violations of anti-corruption legislation, as a result of which the requirements of the prosecutor were satisfied. A draft of the relevant regulatory legal act is currently being developed.

Issues related to the course and results of verification activities carried out on such materials are under constant control.

Work in this direction continues.

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According to the results of a survey of 150 experts from among representatives of civil society institutions, it was found that the most effective institutions in cooperation with the state in combating corruption were the media (48% of respondents), the Internet community - 46%, special anti-corruption public organizations - 54% . It is noteworthy that 60% of respondents indicated political parties as an ineffective institution.

At the current level of development information technologies the role of the media, the Internet and the blogosphere is becoming key in public resistance to corruption.

However, neither the National Anti-Corruption Plan nor the National Anti-Corruption Strategy lists the media as the most important institution.

countering corruption. Today in Russia almost 80% of regional funds

media owned or funded by the government

through the budget. Under these conditions, one cannot expect that the media, especially regional ones, will be able to actively participate in the fight against corruption in government bodies - on which they directly or indirectly depend. The problem of "denationalization" of the media, creating conditions for the manifestation of their civic position is one of the key problems in the field of combating corruption.

Under these conditions, the role of the Internet and the blogosphere is growing - it becomes possible to involve masses of people in a broad public discussion of this urgent problem. However, when

a significant increase in the level of public dissatisfaction with corruption, this may contain serious social and political risks. The lack of a reaction from the authorities to egregious cases of corruption is fraught with the risk of mobilizing the dissatisfied, turning a latent protest into

mass demonstrations. Internet resources "Rosgoszatraty", "OpenGovData", "Rospil.info",

Goslyudi, Demokrator.ru, Open-letter.ru and others bring people together to

From the speech of P.N. Gusev, Chairman of the Commission of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation on Communications, Information Policy and Freedom of Speech in the Mass Media, at public hearings in Voronezh “Media in a Plurinational State: Freedom of Speech and

Responsibility of a Journalist” May 20-21, 2008.41 joint influence on the authorities on the most important public and social problems. The development of such resources on the Web shows that

the modern level of information and communication technologies makes it possible to form effective mechanisms and technologies of public anti-corruption control. This, with particular urgency, sets the task for society and the authorities to form adequate mechanisms for interaction in this area, so that the results of the activities of spontaneously emerging monitoring structures contribute to the elimination of corruption and its real prevention. Society has a belief that last years revealing publications of the electronic and print press have ceased to have an effective influence on the decisions of the authorities: publications in the media are often ignored, the authorities and administrations, especially law enforcement, do not always take adequate measures on critical articles, or do not consider it necessary to inform

the public about measures taken. Thus, for a radical increase in efficiency

In the fight against corruption, the fundamental factor is the independence of the media from the authorities and the legislative consolidation of the obligatory response of the authorities and administration, primarily law enforcement, to publications on high-profile corruption

manifestations. The media, in turn, as one of the main institutions of civil society, should aim not only to inform citizens about the activities of state bodies and control it, but also include anti-corruption propaganda in their activities.

Introduction
Of course, any questions related to the topic of corruption will be relevant, because today almost every event of a national or international character is caused by corrupt actions or attempts to prevent them. The relevance is also determined by the fact that it is necessary to comprehend the role and functions of the media in combating corruption, ensuring a stable and democratic socio-economic development of the state.
A feature of corruption is its wide prevalence: if corrupt actions occur in one area, they will certainly begin in others, thereby affecting all spheres of public life.
With the existing scale of corruption, illegal redistribution, embezzlement of funds allocated by the state for social needs, development and modernization of the country's infrastructure cause stagnation in economic development. Corrupt activity violates the principles of competition, deforms incentives to create better and cheaper goods and services, it becomes a more profitable tool for enrichment compared to conscientious entrepreneurship.
Since corruption is characterized by systemic nature, therefore, anti-corruption policy should also be systemic. In addition to the main components of anti-corruption policy (political, administrative, criminal measures), there are other ways to combat corruption through the media. This is where the question arises: is the influence of the media and communications great, and what is their role in the fight against corruption? In this paper, we will try to answer the question posed and give a complete and exhaustive argument.
The resources that the media has give it the right to act as an instrument of civil control with various ideas of social justice, a negative attitude towards anti-social events. This control is expressed in the possibility of active influence on the public opinion of citizens and their behavior.
The main purpose of the media is to provide citizens with the necessary information, revealing some details or even exposing someone, in order to achieve social justice. Thus, the media reveals to society the hidden mechanisms of corrupt activity, which hinders its formation, development and spread. What is important here is the quality of investigative journalism aimed at exposing the facts of corruption, as well as their subsequent publicity, which in turn should prove to the whole society the inevitability of punishment for anti-social actions.
However, the Russian media do not have sufficient information and legal status to play the role of an influential civil control body, the subject of anti-corruption measures. Representatives of the interests of the media do not have enough power and do not provide guarantees for the objectivity of the data obtained, as well as impartial jurisprudence on anti-corruption issues.
The media can act as a separate independent social institution that counteracts corruption in modern society. In this regard, the media will take certain actions to improve the implementation of the anti-corruption policy, which are:
in conducting and assisting in the search and formation of ways of existence and functioning of public life without corruption
in improving and increasing the degree of openness and transparency of state authorities for the public sector
in promoting the past positive experience of anti-corruption policy and international practice in the fight against corruption
in participating different ways in conducting research, in the formation of anti-corruption measures
in lighting positive results studies
The resource and material base of the media is based on the possibility of actively influencing the public consciousness of citizens and their behavior, which determines the influence of the "fourth estate" on modern society.
The media, through technical and ideological tools, develops a sense of social justice and hostility to anti-social acts, and also forms a single information space.
The undoubted advantage of the mass media is their impartiality and non-attachment to ongoing events, which leads to their objective and accurate assessment, thanks to which citizens are able to formulate constructive and objective conclusions. Another advantage is their independence, which is determined by their communication, which allows them to carry out a number of measures that ensure the interaction of all elements of the political system. Thanks to the information function, citizens form a general picture of the events of political life. In this regard, citizens' access to an information base that reveals the actions of political bodies is considered as one of the indicators of a democratic political system.
Media measures that form an anti-corruption worldview and popularize anti-corruption activities are:
expanding media access to information of public interest
ensuring prompt response of the relevant authorities to media reports on corruption activities
disciplinary and criminal liability of officials who oppose media representatives who disseminate collected information about facts of corruption
ensuring the confidentiality of media sources and involving them in the formation of an anti-corruption worldview and popularization of countering corruption
dissemination of information to the media about corruption indices, which make it possible to compare regions, industries, state enterprises etc.
implementation of certain standards and rules of investigations conducted by the media, as well as ensuring their implementation
using the Internet to disseminate information about the activities of state bodies, creating projects on anti-corruption measures and involving citizens in the process of their discussion
At present, in the Russian Federation, the media often act as an instrument of political confrontation, which leads to corruption in them. The effectiveness of the work of the media lies in the free and independent functioning; without this, the media simply cannot become an equal subject of anti-corruption measures, but will only be a passive mechanism of influence in the hands of those interested in this.
The independence and transparency of the activities of the media make it possible to act outside the influence of corrupt bodies, thereby forming an unbiased public opinion. However, there are some processes that threaten the independence of the media at the present stage of development of society:
monopolization and concentration
belonging of the vast majority of media to corrupt elites of society, using the results of anti-corruption actions in their own interests in hiding most of the facts of corruption, in weakening the degree of openness and transparency of public life)
Of course, corruption can also exist in the media themselves, then the situation takes on a completely different look. The implementation of "custom" activities by journalists form the public opinion necessary for the customer. Very often, corruption in the media is due to the dependence of journalists, fear of losing their jobs, low income. However, this can be avoided if information about the expenses and incomes of media workers and the ways they are received is published.
Conclusion
Thus, it cannot be said that the role of the media in combating corruption is not significant. On the contrary, the media is one of the main institutions in the fight against corrupt authorities, businesses and officials.
By providing the media with due independence and freedom, it is possible to increase the level of effectiveness of the actions and investigations of journalists, thereby increasing the percentage of disclosure of facts of corruption in modern society.
However, there are other methods to improve the efficiency of the media. For this you need:
ensure information transparency of the functioning of state authorities and open access to them for persons exercising public control
increase the role of public councils and take into account both amendments and recommendations when making government decisions
ensure a high degree of awareness of citizens about anti-corruption actions and their results
expand the range of media actions against corruption
strengthen the role of the media during public control carried out by civil society over the reliability of the information received, published in the reports of state bodies spending the country's budget
systematic conduct of journalistic investigations with subsequent prosecution of persons accused of corruption, embezzlement of budget funds, with mandatory publication of the results of the implementation of anti-corruption measures
List of used literature
Nenashev M.F. Illusions of freedom. Russian media in an era of change (1985 - 2009). - M.: Logos, 2010
Nazarov B.N. Mass communication and society. M.: AvantiPlus, 2004
Kardapolova T.F., Rudenkin V.N. Political science. Training and metodology complex. Ekaterinburg UIEUIP, 2006
Zamyatina T. Russia and corruption: who wins? Echo of the planet, 2002
http://com-cor.ru/ - Interregional public organization "Committee to Combat Corruption"
http://pasmi.ru/ - The first anti-corruption media

"MASS MEDIA IN THE SYSTEM OF ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY OF MODERN RUSSIA..."

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Today it is quite clear to us that in the current corruption situation in the Russian Federation, it is almost impossible to completely get rid of corruption. Therefore, in the modern anti-corruption struggle, it is important to counteract it and reduce corruption risks and threats in society.

Until the systematic and cohesive activity of the state, business and civil society to reduce the existing level of corruption, commensurate in scale as Russian corruption itself, the mass media will play an insignificant role. Very often, the media will be involved in minor and isolated "anti-corruption actions", which the public will quickly forget about. But if the media do not actively participate in anti-corruption activities, then they will not be effective tool fight with her.

The main tasks of the media in anti-corruption activities and the formation of the principles and culture of the fight against corruption, in the opinion of the applicant, are:

Public coverage of the corruption potential of modern Russian reality. Use comparisons and give examples of the public life of states where corruption is practically defeated. This will generally contribute to an increase in the interest of the society and the expansion of the audience;

To educate civil servants about non-corruption methods of activity;

To carry out rapprochement between society and the state, a person and an official, business and the state to form the need for anti-corruption activities and the rejection of corruption;

Describe the effective anti-corruption experience of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

Research and communicate to society the methodology for combating corruption, using the example and experience of other states in relation to Russian realities;

Conducting sociological surveys and research in order to build constructive and systemic specifics of combating corruption;

Compile an information base on corruption phenomena and specific corrupt officials;

Actively assist in the development of anti-corruption strategies and plans not only of a federal, but also of a regional nature, using information and organizational methods;

Through all their activities, actively participate in building the openness of public authorities and business communities for public control, the main element of which is free media;

form general principles and anti-corruption culture in society.

Thus, we need to conclude that the media can be an active initiator of anti-corruption activities in society. In the fight against corruption, no special norms and requirements are imposed on the media today. Therefore, editors, journalists and bloggers themselves have the right to choose their position and attitude towards certain facts of corrupt reality.

To reduce the level of corruption, it is very important to increase the level of awareness about it and to completely revise the public perception of the corruption-related nature of the relations that have developed in society today and are of a systemic nature.

We can also see that recently a number of comprehensive measures have been taken by state administration and control bodies to reduce and combat corruption. The existing legal framework allows partly to carry out anti-corruption prosecution.

Corruption hinders the effective functioning of state and public mechanisms, hinders modernization, innovative development and causes serious prerequisites for the economy and creates distrust in public authorities and threatens the state security of the Russian Federation.

We believe that in order to combat corruption, along with state authorities and civil society institutions, the media, the Internet community and the blogosphere should be involved, which should carry out their activities in close cooperation.

The situation of modern Russian reality is not ideal.

Needs constant improvement and development anti-corruption countermeasures because the current structure of the world order and relations require an increase in the effectiveness in the fight against corruption. Openness, both in the activities of public authorities and administration, and in business, should become the main counteraction.

Information transparency is a decisive factor in combating corruption. The importance of the media is key, because they can change the existing deformation consciousness and society's attitude towards corruption at the level of negative perception of this negative phenomenon in all respects.

We can see an increase in the activity of the media in the field of anti-corruption activities. There is an increase in the discussion of the impact of corruption on Russian reality, public examinations of the study of regulatory legal acts and state programs and anti-corruption strategies are being carried out. There is a formation of public anti-corruption consciousness.

The mass media should provide society with information of a reliable nature, explain its negative consequences of influencing the state and public relations.

Therefore, it is very important to discuss the enforcement practice of anti-corruption legislation and the consequences of corruption through the media.

The formation of the principles and culture of the fight against corruption is an important prerogative of the media, which today can influence the change in moral and psychological attitudes and norms of behavior in society from the concept of highly moral principles of universal values.

The moral and psychological impact of the media is able to form the correct legal culture of society and increase the level of trust in public authorities and administration.

The main thing is that all the activities of the media should be built within the legal framework.

Therefore, we believe that in order to increase the effectiveness of the media in anti-corruption activities and the formation of the principles and culture of combating corruption, the following conditions must be met:

Develop constructive measures and legally consolidate the provision of openness and transparency in the activities of public authorities and administration;

Legislatively fix the algorithm of relations between the media and public authorities in matters of anti-corruption interaction;

Define the scope of the media's powers in anti-corruption expertise and investigations, as well as the rules for their relationship with law enforcement and access to information about corruption;

Determine the procedure for participation in the anti-corruption expertise of regulatory and legal legislation;

Regulatory determination of the media's ability to conduct independent journalistic investigations;

Introduce a system for increasing the professional level of the media in anti-corruption counteraction;

Take measures to get rid of corruption in the media themselves;

Actively include the blogosphere and activists in anti-corruption activities;

Introduce a system of grants for the media in the field of anti-corruption counteraction;

Increase and ensure the level of security of media representatives;

Develop principles of behavior in the anti-corruption activities of the media themselves.

Thus, the study of the problems of the anti-corruption impact of the media in modern Russian conditions will increase, but we believe that the main focus will shift from television and print publications towards the Internet community and the blogosphere.

CONCLUSION

Corruption is developed and exists throughout the world community, undermining the foundations of freedom and democracy, the economy, the moral values ​​of society, undermining the confidence of citizens in state power and governance. Penetrating all layers and spheres of public life, it entered the system of social values ​​and priorities, deforming public perception and moral norms.

According to the World Bank for Reconstruction and Development, economic losses caused by various manifestations of corruption amount to over 8% of the world's gross domestic product1.

The problem of corruption is today global. Today, along with the globalization manifestations of world life and positive parameters, it can be stated that international organized crime has given rise to international corruption, which in its nature has the appearance contemporary issues globalization.

Solving the problems of combating corruption requires a long-term and continuous anti-corruption policy and reforming the state system, since corruption tends to quickly assimilate in the reformed system of public administration.

The Russian Federation belongs to the state of transformational transition, distinctive feature which is a very high level of corruption and the development of corrupt relations. Corruption finds a special place in such systems as budgetary, law enforcement and investment.

Russia's recent attempts to reduce corruption have been achieved mainly through public administration reforms, 1

Fight against global corruption [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: URL:

http://www.com-cor.ru/ru/word_without_corruption.html. (date of access: 16.02.2013).

increasing economic openness and involving the state in the international community and trade. But the variety of forms and manifestations of corruption continue to pose a threat to statehood and society in the country.

The main causes of corruption in Russia are:

Patrimonial nature of state power and administration;

Inseparability of property from public authorities and administration;

institutional corruption;

Low level of ethical standards in Russian society;

High level of immorality of corruption;

Positive attitude towards corruption of the population.

The main sign of negative indicators of corruption in Russia is the weak normative and legal component of anti-corruption legislation, which is characterized by the absence of mechanisms for the implementation of anti-corruption countermeasures.

We need to highlight a number of key features of modern corruption in the Russian Federation:

A high degree of orientation towards maximum enrichment using all imaginable and unimaginable possibilities;

Close connection of corruption with the shadow economy and criminality;

Transformation of modern corrupt relations and connections that take on a transnational character;

High latency of corruption crimes, most of which are committed at the expense of official position;

Impunity for corruption and corrupt officials;

Penetration of corruption into all spheres of society and the state;

Widespread introduction of corruption in the highest bodies of power and administration and its spread “by subordination”.

Corruption in modern Russia leads to huge economic losses and the export of capital abroad.

The main role in the fight against corruption is played by the public, the media, the Internet community and activists.

The main goal in the fight against corruption is the ability of the media to open to society all those hidden mechanisms of corruption, depriving it of a favorable ground for development and spread in modern Russian society. An important role in this is played by journalistic investigations of corruption and making materials and facts public, showing the society and corrupt officials the principles of the inevitability of punishment for these anti-social acts.

In order to carry out a full-fledged and effective fight against corruption, the mass media must have and receive full independence from all branches of state power and become an independent and freedom-oriented “fourth power”.

We believe that the main priorities in the work of the modern Russian journalistic community and publishers (founders) of the media should be the interests of society and freedom and the right of citizens to receive complete and objectively reliable information.

The media should not pursue a policy in their activities that aims to limit freedom of speech and independence of opinion, all media decisions should be made without external and especially state influence. In turn, the media should be fully responsible for the accuracy of published materials and data.

The state must ensure the freedom of the press and the publication of socially significant information, which has no right to be directly dependent on anyone's interests. The Russian Federation needs practical guarantees for the independence of the media.

Today we can also see that the media are a significant tool of political, economic struggle and strategy, which, accordingly, gives rise to corruption in the media themselves.

The effectiveness of the media makes it necessary to become free and economically independent.

Thus, we can conclude that only professionally independent and economically transparent media will allow them to become a truly working tool of society in the fight against corruption, in fact, wresting today's media from the influence of corrupt officials and government authorities.

We need to highlight those threats that hinder the independence of the media at the present stage of social development.

The main threat to media freedom is the threat of monopolization and concentration. Important is the need for regulatory legal regulation economic relations in the field of mass media and the establishment of transparency in the relations of ownership and owners of the media, and most importantly, the sources and amounts spent on the acquisition of the media.

Antimonopoly regulation of the media sphere is also necessary in order to build competition in this area.

Today, the Russian media are developing a mythological consciousness of general venality, corruption, crime, political apathy, and so on. But the main task of the media is not to state the facts of the "harsh Russian reality", but the formation and development of the rational consciousness of a citizen and bringing reliable - objective information and facts.

In the competition for a sensation, there was a loss of traditions, and most importantly, the public's trust in the media. Instead of worthy journalistic material, the broadcast was occupied by outright rudeness, vulgarity, dubious versions, irresponsible forecasts, ordered publications and broadcasts, of a discriminatory nature, contrary to the norms of law, morality and journalistic ethics.

Today we can also state the fact that the majority of the media not only do not fight corruption and corrupt relations, but also actively participate in them, contributing to their development. So it is no secret to anyone that the state-owned press that dominates in Russia is financed with the help of direct subsidies, in the form of contests, tenders and price quotations developed for each specific publication, there is an enrichment of both government officials and management responsible for the media, and and direct management of media agencies subordinate to the state.

An important step towards overcoming corruption in the media themselves would be the publication of their income and expenses, and most importantly, the ways they were received, so few citizens of our country liked the fact that a large number of budgetary funds go to the dubious financing of a number of major channels, radio stations, print and media portals, as well as sites on the Internet that are not of direct public importance and benefit to society, which are a kind of conductor of state interests and distorted information about modern Russian reality.

Today it is necessary to openly and professionally discuss, in the media, both at the federal and regional levels, modern problems and victimological aspects of corruption.

All of these measures would greatly contribute to increasing the level of openness and thematic diversity in corruption investigations conducted by the media.

In this regard, the statement of the researcher of corruption and the head of the Center for the Study of Organized Crime and Corruption (TRACCC) at the American University, Washington, L. Shaily, is relevant, who argues that in order to reduce the level of corruption in Russia, it is necessary to establish a high level of transparency in all Russian society, and active support by all institutions of society for freedom of the media in the conduct of anti-corruption fight and investigations1.

An important obstacle to freedom in the media was that most of the media was owned by oligarchic business elites who used the fight against corruption for their own political or financial purposes, rather than to increase the level of openness and transparency in modern Russian society.

The focus of the fight against corruption today is shifting to a new area and area called the "Internet", a large number of independent investigations in the field of corruption and corruption relations are conducted online on a number of special anti-corruption resources and sites. An important role in the fight against corruption is played by the resources of Russian WikiLeaks (Russian WikiLeaks), RosPil, Business against Corruption, the anti-corruption portal, corrupcia.net and many other network portals and resources dealing with the problems of fighting corruption2. This type of mass media remains the only one independent of external interference and provides the public with fairly objective information on corruption and corruption investigations in modern Russian society.

Objectivity, unlimited opportunities in the dissemination of information and free access of citizens to resources and communication between users contributes to the formation of civil society, 1 Shelley, L The Unholy Trinity: Transnational Crime, Corruption, and Terrorism. Washington, D.C. Winter-spring, 2005.

2 www.ruleaks.net, www.rospil.ru, www.nocorruption.ru, www.bezzakoniu.net.ru, www.corrupcia.net.

anti-corruption legal awareness and general moral and ethical standards of the modern Russian1.

Thus, the activities of the media take place in conditions of almost complete lack of freedom, both economic and state-administrative in nature. The lack of independence of Russian journalism, the mass appearance of “custom-made articles”, “hidden advertising”, “compromising evidence wars” disorients public opinion. The media become predictably dependent on the interests of external forces for their control and influence, and most importantly, uncontrolled and non-transparent for their main consumer, the Russian society.

Modern mass media are a cast of social relations taking place in modern Russian society and therefore are subject to many vices of modern reality, and especially corruption.

Corruption in the media poses a huge public danger, because by receiving money for “custom-made articles, programs and actions,” a journalist deforms public consciousness in the right direction for the customer, often slandering an innocent person.

Often the banal causes of corruption in the media are the low income of journalists, especially at the regional level, poor working and working conditions and insufficient motivation in work form the corrupt consciousness of media workers.

It is necessary to change the attitude of the authorities towards the media, and for this it is necessary to take the following measures:

To carry out an increase in funding for the media sector, not only state-owned, but also public and independent, by introducing systems of grants and bonuses;

1 Dangerous draw. About how the Russian authorities are seeking even greater powers in restricting the freedom of the Internet [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: URL:

http://www.gazeta.ru/comments/2012/12/29_a_4911073.shtml. (date of access: 02/27/2013).

Determine the status of the media in government programs state development;

Organize and provide full support to the mass media education system and the journalistic community;

Provide support to the media through preferential taxation.

Today, the media should be the main means of organizing the fight against corruption and corrupt relations in modern Russian society. But today in Russia, free access to information is largely limited by the "artificial veil" of prohibitions and pseudo-secrecy, both regulatory and general. Today, the implementation of the rules and recommendations of a permissive nature, developed on the basis of the experience of international organizations, into the existing Russian legislation is clearly overdue.

We believe that in order to increase the level of the fight against corruption for the media, it is necessary to carry out by the state authorities and administration:

Organized media interaction with stakeholders in the fight against corruption;

Actively encouraging independent investigative journalism;

An active and free platform in the media and the Internet for public groups and individuals to express facts about corruption and illegal activities, where the state should respond to this and fight, investigate and check specific officials, and not the organizers of platforms and resources and conscious citizens;

Regulatory - legal consolidation of immunity and protection of anti-corruption activists during their anti-corruption activities and investigation;

The state should pay close attention to media owners and encourage their anti-corruption work and activities;

It is necessary to adopt a really working regulatory legal act on free access to information that will allow the media to actively use it for anti-corruption activities

It is necessary to introduce state accreditation of journalists and bloggers for representation in most government bodies, which will lead to openness and accessibility of government bodies and reduce corruption risks and dangers that officials in closed bodies and institutions are exposed to.

We believe that in order to review the role of the media in the anti-corruption impact on modern reality, it is necessary to fulfill the following principles and conditions, bearing and pretending in reality the right to free access and receipt of information, forming the principles of openness and transparency in the activities of public authorities and administration and contributing to the development and enhancing the role of civil society in

Russia:

1. Normative and legal norms relating to freedom of access to information should be guided by conditions of practically maximum openness, with the exception of a limited number of phenomena and situations that are of particular importance and secrecy in the context of state and public security. All state and public structures should be required by law to disclose information to all persons in Russian society.

2. It is important to clearly define and structure the level of accessibility of information and its elements, regardless of their form (files, documents, records and films) and the source of their appearance and publication.

Moreover, the context of access to information should not be determined by a formal approach, but based on a working mechanism that ensures the typology and complexity of the services provided.

3. It is necessary to carry out a set of measures aimed at protecting the integrity and availability of knowledge, and the creation of artificial obstacles to the receipt or deliberate destruction of information should be a criminal offense.

4. The direct responsibility of public structures should be the mandatory promulgation and publication through the media of public and state importance. Free access to information is not only the duty of public authorities and administration to respond to official requests from public organizations and citizens, but also the publication and widespread dissemination of information related to the field of public interest.

Openness of work on information of appeals and complaints of citizens in relation to public structures and public authorities and administration;

Concise guidance on any process by which citizens would contribute to the decision-making of public authorities and administration;

Definition of types and forms of information stored by organizations and institutions.

5. Active promotion of open forms of government, both by state and public structures. The organization of education of modern Russian society on the development of openness in the activities of state authorities and administration is the most important factor in the development of civil society in the field of freedom of access to information. International practice and experience show that the uncontrollability of public structures can undermine the state structure of any dynamically developing state. In this activity to increase the level of openness, the Internet resource plays an important role today, contributing to the efficiency and public accessibility of transparency in the state.

6. Minimization and clarity in determining the lists of limited and closed activities of public authorities and administration. Thus, individual requests of citizens may not be satisfied only if the information falls into a limited group of exceptions, representing narrowly targeted secret information, the publication and disclosure of which may harm state interests.

Moreover, undisclosed information must be clearly justified in each specific case.

7. Responsiveness to requests for information, which must be processed impartially and quickly, and the process of considering requests must be decided at three levels: within the boundaries and within the institution or organization, by an independent administrative body and through the courts.

8. The price for obtaining information should be affordable for every citizen of the Russian Federation.

9. The activities and work of public structures should be open to the public. The adequacy of closeness should not be ensured by the boundlessness of secrecy and state importance. It is necessary to clearly distinguish between issues of inviolability of private, commercial and state activities.

10. Normative legal acts that do not comply with the principles of maximum openness should be revised or supplemented, and if it is impossible to supplement, canceled.

11. Bodies and persons carrying out public disclosure of information about corruption and corruption offenses must be protected from any impact of physical, administrative, labor, regulatory and legal, etc. At the same time, public interests should determine the situation when the benefit to society from the publication of information outweighs the threat to the interests of corporate or national security, and a direct danger and threat of concealment of a corruption offense is created, and persons who disclose these facts are threatened with retribution and danger to life and health.

Thus, we can conclude that the implementation of the above provisions will make it possible to coordinate the anti-corruption impact of civil society and reduce the level of corruption in Russia.

The main goal of the media to reduce the level of corruption should be to improve the level of awareness about it and change public attitudes towards corruption as a negative phenomenon of our time.

Therefore, in order to solve the problems of corruption, it is necessary to formulate a number of attitudes that make it possible to resist the conditions that stimulate it, these include:

To give a role, increase the functions and importance of public control over the final results of the activities of state authorities and administration, as well as specific officials;

Restrict the right and possibility of arbitrary and independent interpretation by subjects of law enforcement practice of normative legal acts;

Reduce the number of permissive functions and carry out work towards their direction to a notification nature, citizens should not ask permission for actions, but notify about significant actions;

A fundamental shift is needed in the norms of morality and ethics, as well as in the legal consciousness not only of society, but also of such target groups as state and municipal employees;

Increasing the role of civil society itself in the field of improving comprehensive public control and monitoring, constantly identifying and suppressing negative trends in the implementation of anti-corruption policies and measures related to it;

Increasing the responsiveness of public authorities and administration, especially the law enforcement system, on issues, facts and signals related to corruption and corruption offenses, which should be of an operational and systematic nature of accounting and investigation.

To increase the effectiveness of the anti-corruption policy in the activities of the media, the following conditions must be met:

Continuous provision of information transparency of the activities of public authorities and administration and free access to them for citizens and institutions of public control;

Giving a real role, and not a nominal character, to public councils under state authorities and administration, through their complete independence from them and the obligatory consideration of their amendments and recommendations in the activities and adoption of state decisions;

Increasing the level of awareness of society and citizens about ongoing anti-corruption activities;

Increasing the role and participation of the media in anti-corruption activities;

Increasing the role of civil society in the implementation of public control over the reliability of information indicated in public reporting by state authorities and administrations that directly spend budget funds;

Carrying out systematic investigations with the punishment of those responsible for corruption and embezzlement of budget funds, with the obligatory publication in the media of the results of these investigations.

The main conditions for combating corruption and corrupt relations by the media are:

Conducting and assisting in organizing public discussions on acute issues and problems of modern Russian reality and promoting the search for ways of life without corruption;

Contribute to the improvement and increase in the level of openness of public administration and business to society and public control;

Find, describe and illuminate effective experience the fight against corruption in the regions of our state and the international practice of countering and reducing the level of corruption;

Provide informational and organizational assistance throughout the country in conducting anti-corruption research and developing anti-corruption strategies;

Order, conduct and cover objective research on the problems and phenomena of corruption;

Actively participate in and conduct anti-corruption investigations.

The systemic complexity of overcoming corruption in the Russian Federation is determined by the low level of the moral and ethical state of society and the state. The emphasis of the shift is towards virtual media. Resources and electronic platforms for combating corruption in Russian reality are conditioned by the fact that Russia is a state with an informationally closed system and is simply a hotbed of corruption, bribery and embezzlement of budget funds. Therefore, in the current situation of Russian reality, the current state of information technology, the Internet and the blogosphere is the key to creating and shaping the principles and culture of fighting corruption.

The main measure to combat corruption and the main condition for the effectiveness of the work of the media is the real interaction and cooperation of public authorities and administration with society. And civilian control is a key condition for the effective work of the media. In the absence and non-fulfillment of these conditions, all the activities of the media, civil society will be nominally ineffective, aimed at strengthening the confrontation of society and corrupt authorities.

Therefore, the approaches outlined in this dissertation to overcome corruption with the help and active participation of the media are promising and are of a sharply debatable nature, require further development and scientific research this problem.

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