May lead to undesirable consequences. How fiber helps you lose weight. Get pregnant from male lube

Fiber (dietary fiber) is one of the main components herbal products. Although it is not digested by the body, it plays an important role in health.

Fiber belongs to the group of complex carbohydrates. Once in the body, it is not digested and does not take part in the formation of energy. But its use is necessary for a healthy diet: fiber reduces the level of “bad” cholesterol. Due to slow absorption, it prevents sharp releases of glucose and insulin into the blood, contributes to the normalization of weight, since it is able to “swell” and cause a feeling of satiety on long time. Insoluble fiber acts like a sponge, removing metabolic products from the body, has a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora, and has a prebiotic effect.

Soluble and insoluble fiber

Soluble fiber, entering the digestive tract, interacts with water and forms a gel, which is used by the bacteria in the large intestine. Soluble fiber sources: barley, oats and oat bran, flax seeds, carrots, plums, legumes, apples, citrus fruits, etc.

Insoluble fiber is not affected by enzymes gastric juice. Its main purpose is to cleanse the digestive tract from undigested food residues and other metabolic products. Sources of insoluble fiber: wheat bran, legumes, brown rice, peels of vegetables, fruits, etc.

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Daily amount of fiber

There is a certain daily fiber requirement of 25-30 g/day! However, an increase in the amount of fiber does not lead to an increase in its beneficial effects, as many believe, but entails health problems.

Fiber helps move undigested food through the digestive tract, reducing absorption. nutrients intestinal walls. If you consume more than 40-60 grams of fiber per day, the body will not be able to absorb enough of the vital components of food before the undigested food leaves the body. However, an excess of dietary fiber can significantly reduce the absorption of iron, calcium, zinc and other elements. If you suddenly begin to increase the intake of fiber in the diet, this can lead to undesirable effects - diarrhea, bloating and excessive gas formation. It is recommended to increase the dose of fiber intake gradually over several weeks until the daily dose reaches the recommended amount.

Please note that most scientific research was carried out not on direct fiber supplements, but on products - vegetables and fruits. You can not compare "bare" fiber and vegetables and fruits containing it! Many people, having learned about the benefits of fiber, make the same mistake: they add dry wheat or rye bran to the diet. But in this form, they only aggravate the situation and provoke constipation. Dry bran must be consumed with plenty of liquid, otherwise, once in the intestines, they absorb all the water and aggravate the problem. There is no need to buy ready-made pressed bran or fiber, the required daily rate can be obtained from ordinary products. So dietary fiber should come into your body from fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and cereals.

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5.1.1. Parking lots and on the way passenger trains The following major emergencies may occur:

Burning of the wagon, which could lead to a fire or explosion;

Rolling stock derailment;

Gap of the train en route;

Forced stop of the train (power outage, malfunction of the rolling stock, railway track and other reasons);

Detection of explosive devices, other suspicious items.

5.1.2. In the event of an emergency, the conductor is obliged to immediately report the incident to the head of the train or the train electrician and then follow their instructions.

5.1.3. Conductors who are nearby, upon an alarm signal, must immediately come to the scene and take part in providing first aid to the victim, preventing accidents or eliminating the emergency situation that has arisen.

5.1.4. In the event of a fire in a wagon located at a formation point, which can lead to a fire or explosion, it is necessary:

Immediately report the incident to the head of the train;

Organize the evacuation of people, material assets, official documentation;

Start extinguishing the fire using primary fire extinguishing equipment.

5.1.5. If smoke is detected in the car, the smell of smoke or open fire appears while the train is running, the conductor on duty, immediately calling the conductor who is on vacation, must:

1) stop the train with a stop crane (except when the train is in a tunnel, on a bridge, viaduct, aqueduct, overpass or under a bridge and in other places that prevent the evacuation of passengers and prevent fire extinguishing).

In the event that the occurrence of a fire is detected while the train is in places that exclude its stop, it must be stopped immediately after passing through these places.

At the same time, in the absence of the head of the train and the train electrician in the emergency car, call them in a chain through the conductors of neighboring cars or via intra-train communication and inform the locomotive driver;

2) open the doors of all compartments, announce and organize the evacuation of passengers, de-energize the car (during daylight hours), and at night turn off all consumers except for the emergency lighting circuit (at night) and signaling, open and fix the vestibule side and end doors (and in the absence of a high platform and aprons) of both vestibules in the emergency car and fasten them to the latches;

3) open emergency exits (windows), where they are provided for by the design of the car, and in the absence of emergency exits in the car and the impossibility of evacuating passengers through vestibule doors, break or open windows located behind the fire during the evacuation of passengers.

The approximate text of the notification of passengers is as follows: “Citizens passengers! Due to the possible danger of fire, I ask you to immediately leave the car. All doors and emergency exits are open."

5.1.6. In the event of a fire alarm installation being triggered, the conductor of the car must verify the reliability of its readings and, if a fire is detected, take measures in accordance with the requirements of clauses 5.1.5, 5.1.7, 5.1.8 of this Instruction, and in the event of a false alarm, call the train electromechanic of the train.

5.1.7. When evacuating passengers, the conductors of the emergency and neighboring cars are obliged, avoiding panic and oncoming traffic, to take passengers to neighboring cars and to the field side of the tracks.

Depending on the location of the fire, the evacuation of passengers (if possible) should be carried out taking into account the fact that the fire spreads in the opposite direction of the train.

5.1.8. Simultaneously with the evacuation of passengers and after it, the conductors of the car, without waiting for the arrival of the head and the train electrician of the train, are obliged to extinguish the fire with primary fire extinguishing equipment and a fire extinguishing installation using a supply of water from the car system. When extinguishing a fire after the evacuation of passengers, the doors for moving from car to car on the cars adjacent to the burning car must be closed.

5.1.9. All employees of the train crew are required to arrive at the scene of a fire with fire extinguishers or other fire extinguishing equipment and take part in the evacuation of passengers and extinguishing the fire.

5.1.10. Upon arrival at the fire site, the conductor of the burning car must personally verify the complete evacuation of passengers from the car, using the SPI-20 gas mask for this purpose, and the train electrician must remove the battery fuse on the control panel (if possible) and, without fail, the fuse, located in a box on the battery box (for the purpose of complete de-energization).

5.1.11. When uncoupling the tail section of the train and the burning car, as well as fencing the train on the haul, the conductor must give the locomotive driver the signals established by the instructions for signaling on railways Russian Federation.

5.1.12. The abandoned groups of cars and the cars on fire should be secured in accordance with the instructions for the movement of trains and shunting work on the railways of the Russian Federation.

5.1.13. Before the arrival of the territorial fire department or fire train, the train crew must take all measures in its power to save passengers and extinguish the fire, using all available fire extinguishing and personal protective equipment. After the arrival of the command staff of the fire department at the scene, be guided by his instructions.

5.1.14. When using foam (carbon dioxide, powder) fire extinguishers, do not direct the jet of foam (powder, carbon dioxide) at people. If foam gets on unprotected areas of the body, wipe it off with a handkerchief or other material and rinse with an aqueous solution of soda.

5.1.15. In case of electrical fires, use only carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers. When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, do not grasp the fire extinguisher socket with your hand.

5.1.16. When extinguishing a flame with a sand scoop, do not raise the shovel to eye level to avoid getting sand into them.

5.1.17. Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of less than 2 m from the contact network is allowed only with carbon dioxide, aerosol or powder fire extinguishers, without climbing onto the roof of the car.

Extinguishing burning objects with water, foam and air-foam fire extinguishers is possible only after the instructions of the work manager or other responsible person that the voltage has been removed from the contact network and it is grounded.

5.1.18. Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of more than 7 m from a live contact wire is allowed without removing the voltage. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the jet of water or foam does not approach the contact network and other live parts at a distance of less than 2 m.

5.1.19. When the train breaks along the route, the conductors of the uncoupled cars are required to raise the transition platforms and close the end doors with a key. The conductors of the unhooked group of the car must apply the hand brakes. The head of the train and the train electrician, together with the locomotive crew, identify the cause of the self-release.

During the train's journey to the PTO, where a complete inspection of the automatic coupler will be carried out, the passage through the end doors of the cars, between which the self-uncoupling has occurred, must be closed.

5.1.20. In case of emergencies, when it is necessary to turn off the power supply and de-energize the electrical circuits, an emergency shutdown is applied. If such a button is not provided on the board, all switches are set to zero, then the cover of the lower section of the electrical distribution cabinet is opened and the red-marked fuses are removed.

The fuses located on the electrical distribution board can only be removed using a special handle.

5.1.21. in the event of extraneous noise under the car or a violation of smooth running, the conductor is obliged to stop the train with a stop crane and set a red signal, call the head of the train and the train electrician along the chain to identify the cause and take prompt measures.

5.1.22. In case of jamming of wheel sets - the car goes skidding (vibration, rattle) - the conductor is obliged to stop the train with a stop crane, set a red signal and call the head of the train and the train electrician along the chain to find out the cause and make a decision to ensure the safety of the train. In the presence of sliders on the wheelsets, the air distributor is turned off using the uncoupling valve handle (turn across the supply pipe), air is released from the reserve tank using the exhaust valve leash.

5.1.23. When the axle box heating control system (SKNB) is triggered, the signal lamp lights up and a continuous bell sounds. The conductor must immediately:

Stop the train with a stop crane anywhere;

Set a red signal;

Call the head of the train and the train electrician along the chain;

After making sure that the signal was duplicated by the conductors of neighboring cars, before the arrival of the head of the train and the train electrician, check all the axle boxes by touch.

If the roller axle box is heated, then, together with the train driver, an operational decision is made and the train movement mode is set to the nearest station to replace the wheelset or uncouple the car. The posistor system SKNB (P), when the circuit is broken due to mechanical damage, gives intermittent acoustic and light signals. When these signals appear, the conductor must call the train electrician. Do not stop the train.

Stopping the train with a stop crane is carried out when the SKNB and SKNB (P) are triggered only with a continuous sound signal.

5.1.24. Upon receipt of information about the forthcoming terrorist act on the train, the conductor must immediately report this to the head of the train.

5.1.25. If an explosive device is found on a train, the conductor must:

Stop the train with a stop crane (except for the cases specified in the first paragraph of subparagraph 1) of paragraph 5.1.5, provide fencing and protection of the detected explosive device;

Take part in the evacuation of passengers;

Notify the head of the train.

5.1.27. In the event of an explosive device being triggered, the conductor must stop the train with a stop crane, call the head of the train and take measures to save passengers and provide first aid.

5.1.28. In case of external shelling of the train, it is necessary to take measures to protect passengers from damage - place them along the side walls of the car below the level of window openings and inform the head of the train.

5.1.29. When shooting inside the car, the conductor must inform the head of the train about this and act in accordance with his instructions.

5.1.30. Upon detection of ownerless bags, bundles and other foreign suspicious items, the conductor must isolate passengers from access to them and immediately inform the head of the train, members of the train crew and law enforcement officials.

5.1.31. When servicing the locomotive by one driver in emergency situations on the haul or railway station where a wagon inspector is not provided, the conductor, at the direction of the head of the train, must:

When securing the train (wagon), use serviceable brake shoes. When inserting and removing them, it is necessary to hold on to the car frame with one hand;

When fencing the train, observe the requirements of the instructions for signaling on the railways of the Russian Federation. The fencing of the train from the head must be carried out by the conductor of the head car, and from the tail of the train - the conductor of the tail car;

With a short test of the brakes, smoothly open the end valve, holding the brake hose with one hand.

When performing these works, in all cases, you should walk along the side of the canvas.

Work must be done with gloves.

Photos from open sources

For many people, internal diseases are not as terrible as external ones, leading to an aesthetically ugly appearance. And these diseases include fungal infection nail plate on hands and feet.

Wanting to get rid of this problem, people resort to various methods of treatment, most often the main one is self-medication. But before engaging in treatment, one should understand the nature of the occurrence this disease and the reasons for its occurrence.

Fungal infection of the nails is associated with many factors. This disease is caused by fungi called dermatophytes. A very small area of affected skin or nail is enough for the disease to spread to other people.

The areas of the hands and feet affected by such a fungus are constantly itchy and flaky. This disease is called mycosis. And if the nail plate is affected by the fungus, then we are talking about onychomycosis. And of course, the treatment of these ailments will be different.

The first signs of these diseases may not be noticed by their owners, and the more time is lost between the discovery of a problem and its immediate treatment, the more difficult the recovery process will be. You can start this problem so much that the process of damage to the blood and the human immune system will begin.

If you find the first signs of the disease, you should immediately consult a doctor. Only a doctor will be able to assess the degree of damage and the type of fungus, and, depending on this, prescribe an effective treatment.

Every fifth inhabitant of the country is faced more with onychomycosis, which was previously treated with surgery. But even this method was not always effective. Modern medicine allows you to cope with this disease more democratic and most effective methods. Patients who prefer self-treatment can use local preparations, however, they are only good in the initial stages. If the disease is running, then superficial treatment with ointments and creams will not work. You will have to take pills and capsules that only a doctor can prescribe.

The most effective method of combating fungal infections is their prevention. It consists in avoiding direct contact with sick people, not wearing someone else's shoes, using only your own tools when treating nails, in general places (pool, bath) using your own change of shoes, monitoring the timely change of socks and the dryness of shoes, regularly take care of hands and feet, as well as nails.

By following these simple rules, the disease in the form of fungal infections will not take anyone by surprise.

and forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors;

and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one.

10 Thy kingdom come; may Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven;

11 Give us this day our daily bread;

12 And forgive us our debts, as we also forgive our debtors;

13 And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one. For yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen.

Let me completely surrender to the will of Your Holy One.

In every hour of this day, instruct and support me in everything.

Whatever news I receive during the day, teach me to accept it with a calm soul and firm conviction that everything is Your Holy Will.

In all my words and deeds guide my thoughts and feelings.

In all unforeseen cases, do not let me forget that everything is sent down by You.

Teach me to act directly and reasonably with each member of my family, without embarrassing or upsetting anyone.

Lord, give me the strength to endure the fatigue of the coming day and all the events during the day.

Guide my will and teach me to pray, believe, hope, endure, forgive and love.

better to see a doctor.

no sign of depression.

And a powerful deep, meridian massage.

And then tea with lemon, honey and cranberries.

What are the undesirable consequences of cleaning the registry with TuneUp? - System software

I use the Cleaner program to clean the registry from trash, but it is not always enough (sometimes there are still tails of programs that.

Dear VB Professionals. I recently learned from sources of extensive programming experience that » and vbNullString are not the same.

What are the consequences of "recursive looping"?

Please help me solve one more problem: If the sum of the prices of goods to be sold is 240 billion rubles, it was sold on credit.

1. What is an "activation frame"? 2. What are the consequences of "recursive looping"? 3. What condition must be mandatory.

Good afternoon. I decided to optimize my PC using TuneUp. It produces this image. And I think the advice is written there in German .. Maybe someone.

Well, if you're not quite a butcher.

and to "clean up" the system from the installed owl, use better third-party uninstallers, Revo Uninstaller or My Uninstaller

You can manually clean up (cleaning the disk, cleaning all TEMP / TMP folders), you can, but it is highly undesirable, especially with constant cleaning, delete restore points, except for the last one, or configure special settings for storing these points

The following folders remained in the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE=>SOFTWARE folder: AVAST Software - uninstaller program.

I want to clean my registry without using any programs. I'm interested in the following: What should be where and what should not be there.

Hi all. Recently reinstalled Win XP SP3. It used to be the same system. It was tuneup 2013 to optimize the work of Windows. all.

I have a question - how to remove from the "Create" list those elements that are highlighted in red? I myself deleted MathCad a long time ago, but these.

Thank you! I began to understand the physical world a little better.

I already understood that the door names an object or a thing. More precisely:

food and food: hamburger, peas, strawberries, grains;
tools, devices, equipment, mechanisms: armored personnel carrier, jalopy, starship, carousel, video camera, guitar, screwdriver, nail, gong, grenade launcher, cartridge case, rifle;
building or structure: wigwam, stall, fence;
dishes, container: fork, colander, pan, vase, bucket, canister;
clothing and footwear: sandals, pea jacket, patch;
furniture: chair, table, wardrobe, shelf.

Fuzzy matches:

Hello! My name is Lampobot, I am a computer program that helps to make a Word Map. I can count very well, but so far I have a poor understanding of how your world works. Help me figure it out!

Thank you! I'm starting to understand people better.

I already understood that the collective farmer is related to people. More precisely:

subject: occupation, beliefs, family ties, ethnicity, rank or title (hunter, physician, Christian, aunt, Frenchman, president);
characteristics of a person (volunteer, beauty, leader, brunette);
anatomy (hand, stomach)?

Map of words and expressions of the Russian language

Online thesaurus with the ability to search for associations, synonyms, contextual relationships and example sentences for words and expressions in the Russian language.

Reference information on the declension of nouns and adjectives, conjugation of verbs, as well as the morphemic structure of words.

The site is equipped with a powerful search engine with support for Russian morphology.

Which can lead to undesirable consequences

4.1.1. During operation, the following main emergencies may occur:

breakage of the contact wire;

breakage of power and signal wires of overhead lines;

rolling stock derailment;

the appearance of harmful gases in underground structures.

4.1.2. In the event of an emergency, the electrician and the electrician are obliged to stop work, cut off the power from the faulty equipment (equipment, stand), if necessary, make a fence dangerous place and immediately report the incident to the senior electrician or work manager and then follow his instructions to prevent accidents or eliminate the emergency situation that has arisen.

4.1.3. Employees who are nearby, upon an alarm signal, are obliged to immediately come to the scene and take part in providing first aid to the injured or eliminating the emergency situation that has arisen.

4.1.4. When eliminating an emergency, it is necessary to act in accordance with the approved plan for eliminating accidents.

4.1.5. In the event of a fire, you must:

immediately inform the fire brigade, indicating the exact location of the fire;

notify the work manager;

notify others and, if necessary, remove people from the danger zone;

start extinguishing the fire using primary fire extinguishing means;

organize a fire brigade meeting.

4.1.6. When using foam (carbon dioxide, powder) fire extinguishers, do not direct the jet of foam (powder, carbon dioxide) at people. If foam gets on unprotected areas of the body, wipe it off with a handkerchief or other material and rinse with an aqueous solution of soda.

In case of electrical fires, use only carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers. When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, do not grasp the fire extinguisher socket with your hand.

4.1.7. In rooms with internal fire hydrants, it is necessary to use a calculation of two people: one rolls out the sleeve from the faucet to the fire site, the second, at the command of the one rolling the sleeve, opens the faucet.

4.1.8. When extinguishing a fire with a felt mat, the flame should be covered so that the fire from under it does not fall on the person extinguishing the fire.

4.1.9. When extinguishing a flame with a sand scoop, do not raise the shovel to eye level to avoid getting sand into them.

4.1.10. Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of more than 7 m from a live contact wire can be allowed without removing the voltage. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the jet of water or foam does not approach the contact network and other live parts at a distance of less than 2 m.

4.1.11. If a person’s clothes caught fire, then the fire should be extinguished as soon as possible, but the flame should not be knocked down with unprotected hands. Inflamed clothing must be quickly thrown off, torn off, or extinguished by flooding with water, and in winter by sprinkling with snow. A thick cloth, blanket, tarpaulin can be thrown over a person in burning clothes, which must be removed after the flame is extinguished.

4.1.12. In case of fire at the electrical centralization post, it is necessary:

turn off all power sources with switches on the shield or fuses on the cabinet;

report a fire to the chipboard, DSC and the distance dispatcher on duty, call the fire brigade;

start extinguishing the fire in the service and technical premises, using the primary fire extinguishing equipment located in the room.

4.1.13. If a break in the wires of the contact network or high-voltage overhead lines is detected, you should immediately inform the station attendant, energy dispatcher or train dispatcher, protect the place of the break and make sure that no one approaches it closer than 8 m. If broken wires or other elements of the contact network and high-voltage overhead lines violate the clearance of the approach of buildings and can be affected when the train passes, it is necessary to protect this place with stop signals.

It is forbidden to come closer than 8 m to the broken wires of the contact network and high-voltage overhead lines, as well as to touch anything to them and foreign objects located on them, regardless of whether they touch or do not touch the ground or grounded structures.

4.1.14. In the event that the signaling and communication wires fall to the ground while simultaneously coming into contact with the wires of the power line, the electrician and electrician must immediately stop all work with the wires; take measures to stop all traffic in the area where the wires fell; report the incident to the head of work or the distance dispatcher of the CCS.

4.1.15. Upon detection of a broken wire on the combined overhead line, the electrician and electrician must immediately take measures to turn off the voltage in this area. Eliminate the danger to unauthorized persons passing near the broken wire, and report the incident to the work manager or the dispatcher of the CCS distance.

How to deal with fatigue

Overwork is a state of the body that is caused by too much tension due to frequent stress, worries, constant work at the computer, long-term thinking, etc.

This condition is very dangerous for the human body and can lead to undesirable consequences.

The reasons

The basis for the occurrence of this condition is the discrepancy between the duration of hard work and rest time. Reasons for fatigue include:

Signs and symptoms

One of the signs of overwork is constant drowsiness - this is the main symptom. There are also other signs to look out for:

fatigue and weakness do not go away even after a long sleep;
frequent headaches;
inability to sleep despite being tired;
emotional disorders;
discoloration of the face or swelling;
high blood pressure;
nervousness and irritability;
scattered attention, inability to concentrate;
memory impairment;
loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting;
redness of the eyeball.

Many signs can be symptoms of other diseases. There are no unique features on the list that point to a diagnosis. But each of these symptoms is an objective sign of overwork, if it manifests itself in combination with others against the background of strong physical and mental stress.

Types of fatigue

Fatigue can be of two types:

Physical overwork is the result of strong physical exertion, which develops gradually. At first, a person has a slight fatigue and mild muscle pain. Often they do not pay attention to this and continue to lead a normal life. Over time, the body becomes exhausted and leads to overwork.

Mental fatigue occurs as a result of mental and emotional stress. It looks like normal fatigue. A person tries to rest and sleep, believing that it will pass in this way. Doctors say that such events will be few. To recover, a person needs to undergo a course of treatment.

Possible Complications

Overwork is not a disease. But this syndrome cannot be ignored. The body's defenses are weakened, which do not allow the development of diseases. If you do not take reasonable measures to eliminate this condition, then complications are possible:

increased irritability, aggressiveness, neuroses, hysteria;
digestive disorders;
weakening of the immune system;
exacerbation of chronic diseases;

Prevention

There are preventive measures that you need to:

refuse potent medications, such as sleeping pills;
use relaxation techniques, such as meditation;
reduce the use of alcohol and tobacco products, if possible, eliminate them altogether;
visit a massage room;
find an interesting hobby;
get positive emotions from communicating with people who are pleasant for you;
analyze your fears, determine the necessary actions and perform them in turn.

These preventive measures are general in order to eliminate the cause that led to overwork. Periods of serious stress must be planned in advance and prepared through training. Mental stress must be removed with the help of physical activity with further relaxation.

Treatment

The principle of therapy is to reduce all loads.

First, you should adjust your daily routine, stop mental and physical activity for several weeks. Depending on the speed of recovery of the body, the doctor will decide on the possibility of returning to normal life.

Household problems are completely eliminated, it is better to spend more time in the fresh air, visit massage rooms. In a difficult situation, you need to do nothing at all for 2-3 weeks, there should be complete relaxation. After a while, you can gradually connect walks in the fresh air, moderate physical activity.

Medicines are used only when indicated. Basically, these are general strengthening drugs:

sedatives;
stimulants of cerebral circulation;
hormonal drugs (in advanced cases).

Also prescribe vitamins for good performance nervous system and combating the feeling of fatigue: vitamins C, E, D, group B.

In addition to vitamins, stimulants are used to increase the overall tone: tinctures of Eleutherococcus and ginseng. Doctors also recommend the use of homeopathic remedies. They are plant-based, so they have a minimum side effects. On the early stages can be used folk remedies to combat this problem: chamomile tea, rosehip infusion, garlic (3 cloves daily).

A good result will be if you take therapeutic baths, adding coniferous extract, mint, thyme or sea salt.

Overwork usually ends in recovery. You just need to eliminate the cause of its appearance and conduct a good therapy.

why are you so illiterate? Turmeric is not a seed. It's the root of the plant!

Well, I would not say that Skadovsk is developed and comfortable.

You have said so much about coffee. but I can't afford the wrong one because of caffeine and cholesterol. .

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Why is pancreatitis dangerous during pregnancy?

Pancreatitis during pregnancy often occurs, since when carrying a child, the load on the woman's body increases.

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the pancreas. Under the action of the enzymes produced by it, it is destroyed.

Causes of the disease

Pancreatitis during pregnancy often occurs, since when carrying a child, the load on the woman's body increases. This is caused by an increase in the amount of processed food, insulin consumption, which is important for the successful development of the fetus. As a result of pancreatitis, the digestive process is disrupted. And this entails an increase in the number of bacteria in the intestine and leads to dysbacteriosis.

A common cause of pancreatitis is the use of a pregnant woman with a large number of drugs and vitamins. They linger on the walls of the pancreas, making it difficult to work. As a result, the enzymes produced by the gland destroy the organ itself.

A common cause of pancreatitis is the use of a pregnant woman with a large number of drugs and vitamins.

A common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstone disease in a pregnant woman. An attack can be triggered by taking diuretics such as furosemide. It is undesirable to make sudden movements, especially during an exacerbation.

The next cause of this disease in pregnant women may be the presence of a virus in the pancreas and reduced immunity.

The main cause of exacerbation of pancreatitis is an increase in the uterus, which compresses the pancreatic duct.

The cause of the disease of the gland can be past illnesses: mumps, viral hepatitis, as well as trauma to the organ itself.

The cause of pancreatitis in pregnant women is the excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. Chronic pancreatitis in pregnant women is common.

Symptoms of pancreatitis

Attacks of acute pancreatitis usually occur suddenly and are marked by sharp pains.

It is very difficult to establish this diagnosis during pregnancy, because the symptoms of the disease coincide with the signs of early toxicosis, in which there are:

A frequent symptom of the disease is pain in the upper abdomen, in the region of the heart (emitting angina pectoris). Pain in pancreatitis is shingles. Patients complain of ailments in the upper abdomen and gradually the pain moves to the back (girdle pain). Attacks can be different in intensity and character.

During pregnancy, there are three types of chronic pancreatitis:

The asymptomatic type is characterized by the absence of clinical manifestations, which complicates the diagnosis and timely treatment.
Dyspeptic type entails a violation digestive system, nausea with urges, vomiting, diarrhea and flatulence, lack of appetite, weight loss.
A combination of two types of the course of the disease is possible.

Diagnosis of the disease

Pancreatitis is a dangerous disease, but its diagnosis becomes more complicated during pregnancy. Timely treatment of any form of the disease will reduce the negative consequences.

Not all diagnostic methods can be used during pregnancy.

It is possible to diagnose the disease in pregnant women by analyzing feces and undergoing ultrasound diagnostics (ultrasound). The presence of an excessive amount of intestinal microflora, the detection of a violation of the digestion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins indicate the presence of chronic pancreatitis. Ultrasound will show the size of the organ, tissue density, and the state of the duct.

Pancreatitis in pregnant women can be diagnosed by analyzing feces and undergoing ultrasound diagnostics (ultrasound).

Chronic pancreatitis is an independent disease, with untimely treatment it can turn into chronic form. The occurrence of acute pancreatitis in pregnant women is rare. There are two types of chronic pancreatitis: primary and secondary. In the primary inflammatory process immediately begins in the gland itself. In the secondary, it develops against the background of problems in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

If there is acute pancreatitis and pregnancy, then in the second half of pregnancy it poses a serious danger due to possible complications.

In the chronic course of the disease, patients are concerned about dyspepsia, loss of appetite, rejection of fatty foods. If a inflammatory process not the entire pancreas is affected, and it is focal in nature, patients complain of thirst and severe hunger. Symptoms such as belching, flatulence, increased salivation, vomiting, bouts of nausea, often alternating diarrhea and constipation are possible.

In the chronic course of the disease, a pregnant woman may experience loss of appetite.

Treatment of illness during pregnancy

In the event of acute pancreatitis in pregnant women, timely hospitalization is necessary to provide full and timely assistance. For the treatment of pancreatitis, infusion therapy is used: intravenously injected a large number of special solutions for diluting blood. This reduces the concentration of pancreatic enzymes.

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis during pregnancy differs from the treatment of the disease in other patients. A woman needs to agree with the doctor on the appropriateness of taking and the amount of each drug.

Doctors often prescribe to take Mezim, Creon.

In chronic pancreatitis, the functioning of the liver and biliary tract is disrupted, so bile stasis occurs. The patient needs to use drugs to remove stagnation of bile.

It is preferable to use preparations of plant or animal origin (Holiver, Holosas, etc.).

During pregnancy, any self-medication can lead to undesirable consequences. Throughout the entire period of pregnancy, doctors do not approve of treatment with alternative methods.

Surgery

In acute purulent form, abscess or phlegmon of the pancreas in pregnant women, there is a need for surgical intervention. Surgical intervention requires early delivery. In the first trimester, an interruption is carried out, in the third (after 35 weeks) an early birth is recommended.

The timing of early termination of pregnancy is determined individually (depending on the severity of the disease and the duration of pregnancy).

In acute purulent form, abscess or phlegmon of the pancreas in pregnant women, there is a need for surgical intervention.

What can be the danger during pregnancy? The danger of chronic pancreatitis is that there is a high probability of threatened miscarriage or premature birth. In severe cases of the disease, symptoms are possible: fever, lowering blood pressure, the occurrence of a shock state. In rare cases, due to the lack of necessary and timely treatment, there is a possibility of death of a woman.

Diet for pancreatitis

Such a diagnosis requires special attention to nutrition. During an exacerbation and to prevent it, it is important for the patient to switch to diet food. Diet plays a major role in the combination of chronic pancreatitis and pregnancy.

You need to eat a lot of proteins:

It is advisable for patients with pancreatitis to eat yesterday's bread made from wheat flour or crackers.

Fatty, salty, spicy foods should be excluded from the diet. Reduce the intake of raw vegetables and fruits. Of fruits, only pears and apples of sweet varieties are recommended.

The patient should eat in small portions (several times a day).

What can you eat with pancreatitis?

How to switch to a healthy diet for people suffering from pancreatitis?

It is advisable to use everything in a grated form and cook for a couple.

The presence of chronic pancreatitis in pregnant women causes a lot of trouble expectant mother. In the second half of pregnancy, the disease does not affect its outcome. But, if pancreatitis is not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, problems will arise in the fetus: a lack of insulin can lead to various deviations in its development.

Causes, symptoms and treatment of pancreatitis

What physical activity will not hurt with pancreatitis?

What is the first aid for pancreatitis?

How long do people with chronic pancreatitis live?

If, outside of pregnancy, alcohol abuse is a common cause of pancreatitis, then in pregnant women, malnutrition or concomitant diseases of the liver and gallbladder play an important role, for example, calculous cholecystitis. During gestation, a number of physiological mechanisms occur in the body that are necessary for the favorable development of the child, which can affect cholecystitis and provoke pancreatitis during pregnancy.

Chronic pancreatitis during pregnancy usually manifests itself in the first three months. An important task is to diagnose the disease in time, differentiate it from toxicosis, abortion and start treatment. Timely therapy is the key to recovery, without complications and harm to the child.

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May lead to undesirable consequences

The money won in court will come later, and the tax must be charged immediately

There is a risk of paying OS tax if the founder has not paid a share in the UK

An expensive gift can deprive a company of the right to apply the simplified tax system

Practice shows that it is not always profitable for a company to receive income from a tax point of view (see sidebar "By the way"). For example, receiving unplanned amounts at the end of the year may deprive a company of the right to apply the simplified tax system. Or a won litigation will oblige the company to account for income in the form of amounts due from the debtor. In this case, you will have to pay income tax, although the actual funds to the company's account may arrive much later.

Consider in what cases the receipt of income beneficial to the company in economic terms may overshadow its tax consequences.

The company pays tax on the counterparty's fine, regardless of the fact of receipt of funds to the account

If the organization has won the litigation, it is entitled to funds from the counterparty (the amount of receivables, penalties, reimbursement of legal costs). In this case, the company includes fines and compensation for legal costs as part of non-operating income (clause 3 of article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In practice, the funds due from the counterparty may arrive at the account of the organization not in the current period, but much later. Or, in the event of the debtor's insolvency, and even after the expiration of the statute of limitations, the company will have to write off such a debt as bad (subparagraph 2, paragraph 2, article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). However, when taxing profits, the organization takes into account such payments as of the date the court decision comes into force (clause 3 of article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 25, 2013 No. / 2/50749, dated November 1, 2013 No. / 1/46680 and dated 24.07.13 No./29184).

In the event that the parties settled the dispute out of court, it is necessary to take into account the sanctions due at the time the debtor recognizes the relevant sanctions (clause 3 of article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 26, 2013 No. / 2 / 34843). The mere fact of a breach by the counterparty of the contract does not generate tax income for the creditor company in the form of sanctions payable on the basis of the contract. Thus, the financial department in a letter dated 16.08.10 No. / 356 noted the following:

«<…>The occurrence of obligations specified in the contract, which are the basis for presenting a claim to the debtor or filing a lawsuit in court, does not in itself lead to the formation of income, which is taken into account on the basis of paragraph 3 of Art. 250 of the Code".

In practice, confirmation that the counterparty has recognized penalties and a fine for violation of the terms of the contract is:

Written recognition by the debtor of debt on payment of the corresponding amounts of penalties and sanctions (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 26.08.13 No. / 2 / 34843);

Absence of the debtor's objections to the demands for payment of penalties sent to him by mail (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 20.06.05 No. / 2/5).

Thus, it is safer for a company to charge income tax on the amount of sanctions that the counterparty has recognized but has not yet transferred. Especially if he signed an agreement to recognize the debt (see sidebar "Attention").

Unplanned receipts may deprive a company of the right to apply a special regime

The procedure for applying the USN has a number of limitations. In particular, only those companies whose annual income does not exceed 60 million rubles in 2013 and 64.02 million rubles in 2014 are entitled to pay the "simplified" tax. (clause 4 of article 346.13 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 01.07.13 No. / 2 / 24984) and the residual value of the property of which is not more than 100 million rubles. (signature 16, clause 3, article 346.12 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In case of violation of these limits, the organization loses the right to apply the special regime and is obliged to switch to paying taxes within the framework of the general taxation regime (clause 4 of article 346.13 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). At the same time, general taxes will have to be paid starting from the quarter in which the company ceased to be a payer of the simplified tax system.

By the way

Unclaimed dividends do not form non-operating income of the company

If for some reason the company has not paid dividends to participants and shareholders (for example, upon a written refusal of the participant), such amounts must be restored as part of retained earnings. The company does not include these funds in the base for income tax (subclause 3.4, clause 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated February 17, 2012 No. / 1/91).

Note that earlier the Tax Code did not provide for such an order (subclause 3.4, clause 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, applies to legal relations that arose from January 1, 2007, clause 2, article 4 of the Federal Law of December 28, 2010 No. 409-FZ ). Therefore, the departments insisted that at the end of the statute of limitations, the company should have included unclaimed dividends in non-operating income (clause 18 of article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) and taxed profits (letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated February 14, 06 No. / 1/110, Federal Tax Service of Russia in Moscow dated 22.06.10 No. 16-15 / [email protected] and dated 15.06.10 No. 16-15/ [email protected]). The same conclusions were made by the courts (Decree of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District of December 11, 2009 No. KA-A40 /)

So, a "simplistic" may unplannedly lose his status (due to exceeding the established limits) in the following cases:

The mortgagor organization transfers the property to the “simplified” pledgee to pay off the debt under the loan obligation (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 10.14.13 No. / 2 / 42626);

The company paying the "simplified" tax received property from the founder-organization. "Simplifier" takes into account income in accordance with Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (clause 1 of Article 346.15 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Subparagraph 11 of paragraph 1 of Article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation exempts from taxation income in the form of property received from a founder with a participation share of more than 50%. At the same time, subparagraph 12 of paragraph 3 of Article 346.12 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation prohibits the application of the simplified tax system to organizations in which the share of participation of other legal entities exceeds 25%. This means that if the company received property from the participant, it needs to increase the base for the simplified tax system by the value of such property. An exception is if the founder is an individual or another person specified in subparagraph 11 of paragraph 1 of Article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2007 No. / 2/116);

The “simplistic” organization received insurance compensation from an insurance company, for example, in the event of an accident (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 04.05.09 No. / 2/78, decision of the Arbitration Court of the Sverdlovsk Region dated 30.05.07 No. A / 2007-C09 and the decision of the Second Arbitration Appeal court dated 19.07.10 No. A/2009);

An organization paying a “simplified” tax receives property in free use(letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 05.07.12 No. / 2/84).

Thus, it is advisable for the payer of the simplified tax system to pay special attention to the estimated income. In particular, to draw up contracts in such a way that the proceeds from various operations are not received in the same tax period. Or provide the counterparty with a deferred payment without appropriate sanctions.

Attention

The company may lose the right to the simplified tax system by receiving an advance on a lucrative contract

Companies applying the simplified taxation system include advances in the base for calculating the "simplified" tax in the period when the money was received from the buyer (Article 346.17 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). After all, the “simplifiers” recognize income and expenses on a cash basis. The Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, in decision No. 4294/05 dated 20.01.06, and the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North Caucasus District, in resolution No. A / 2008-3/418 dated 31.05.10, agreed that the "simplifier" increases the single tax base by the amount of the prepayment in the period of its receipt .

In practice, the company may enter into a profitable contract at the end of the year, which provides for the buyer to make an advance payment. In this case, accounting for the advance in income will deprive the company of the right to apply the simplified taxation system.

To avoid negative consequences, organizations often take into account the advance as a deposit under the contract. After all, the deposit is a security deposit and does not increase the taxable base (subclause 2, clause 1, article 251 and article 364.15 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

But such a step is risky from a tax point of view. So, in one of the cases, according to the inspectorate, the company's unlawful exclusion from the income of the advance (as a deposit) resulted in the excess of the proceeds from the sale of goods, the loss of the right to apply the simplified tax system. However, the courts of all three instances supported the taxpayer (Decree of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North-Western District of November 17, 2009 No. A/2008). Similar conclusions were made by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Volga District in a resolution dated September 11, 2007 No. A / 2006

In some cases, it is risky for a company not to pay tax on the value of fixed assets that it received from the founder

The value of the property received from the founder is not subject to income tax, provided that the share of his participation is more than 50% and the property will not be transferred to other persons during the year (subclause 11, clause 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In practice, situations often arise when it is risky for companies to apply such a benefit.

The participant has not fully paid the share in authorized capital. The Tax Code does not make the company's right to a benefit dependent on whether the founder paid a share in the authorized capital in full or in part. However, local inspectors are often of the opinion that in the latter case, the company has taxable income. The courts, as a rule, do not agree with such an opinion of the controllers.

For example, the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District in its resolution dated June 15, 2006 No. KA-A41 / indicated the following:

«<…>Art. 251 signatures Clause 11, Clause 1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation connects the right to a benefit not with the amount of the actually contributed authorized capital, but with the share of the receiving party in the authorized capital of the transferring party, which must be at least 50% and does not require full payment of the authorized capital at the time the benefits are presented.

As a result, the court confirmed that the subsidiary company lawfully did not pay income tax on the funds received from the sole founder, and canceled additional tax assessments.

Within a year, the founder ceased to participate in the society. In this case, the inspectors also indicate that the latter needs to accrue income tax on the value of the contribution made to authorized capital contribution. In particular, the inspectors made such conclusions in a dispute that was considered by the FAS of the Far Eastern District (Decree No. F03-A73 / 05-2 / 4367 of December 30, 2005). However, the court came to the following conclusions:

«<…>The withdrawal of an individual before the end of 2003 from the founders of the company does not change legal status specified funds as gratuitously received and not subject to accounting as income when determining the taxable base for income tax”.

Consequently, the company reasonably excluded the funds received from the founder from tax revenues.

In these situations, the company could not directly influence the actions of the participant, therefore, when considering cases, the courts did not see direct intent in the actions of the organization. Despite the fact that jurisprudence in most cases supports taxpayers, such disputes with inspectors could have been avoided. In particular, many companies negotiate in advance with the founder the period for the receipt of the disputed property.

Safety and labor protection requirements in emergency situations.

Notification of the reception and departure of trains and shunting movements.

Before the train is received at the station, the station attendants report on the loudspeaker that the train has been received, indicating the track number.

Before the reception and departure from the station of each train, the chipboard is obliged to stop maneuvers with access to the track and the route of reception (departure). 10 minutes before the arrival of the train departure, the chipboard gives an order via radio communication or announcing park communication, or via train radio communication to the train compiler and the locomotive crew to stop maneuvers.

The chipboard must make sure that his order is understood correctly by listening to a brief repetition of this instruction by the relevant workers, and only after being convinced that the maneuvers have actually stopped, opens the traffic light.

Section 4

During operation, the following main emergencies may occur:
rolling stock derailment;

fire of rolling stock and artificial structures;

spill or spillage of hazardous and harmful substances;

violation of the integrity of the superstructure of the track, which could lead to the derailment of the rolling stock.

In the event of an emergency, the station employee must stop work, immediately report the incident to the shift manager (DSC, DSPG, DSP) and take measures to prevent accidents or eliminate the emergency.
Railway transport workers who are nearby, upon an alarm signal given by the discovering worker, must immediately come to the scene and take part in providing first aid to the injured and eliminating the emergency situation that has arisen.

In the event of a derailment of the rolling stock, as well as in case of violation of the integrity of the superstructure of the track, which could lead to the derailment of the rolling stock, the station worker must protect the accident site with stop signals and inform the station duty officer about this.

In the event of a fire in rolling stock or on artificial structures, in the right of way, at unguarded crossings and a real threat to the movement of trains, the safety of others and railway workers, the station employee must:
immediately inform the station duty officer, and, if possible, the fire brigade, indicating the exact location of the fire, using the available means;

notify others and, if necessary, take them out of the danger zone;
if necessary, protect the place of fire with stop signals;
start extinguishing the fire using primary fire extinguishing means;
organize a meeting with the fire brigade.

When using foam (carbon dioxide, powder) fire extinguishers, do not direct the jet of foam (powder, carbon dioxide) at people. If foam gets on unprotected areas of the body, wipe it off with a handkerchief or other material and rinse with an aqueous solution of soda.

In case of electrical fires, use only carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers. When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, do not grasp the fire extinguisher socket with your hand.

Internal fire hydrants must be used only by two people: one rolls out the sleeve from the faucet to the place of fire, the second, at the command of the unrolling sleeve, opens the faucet.

When extinguishing a flame with a felt mat, cover the flame with it so that the fire does not fall on the person extinguishing the fire.

When extinguishing a flame with a sand scoop, do not raise the shovel to eye level to avoid getting sand into them.

Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of less than 2 m from the contact network is allowed only with carbon dioxide, aerosol or powder fire extinguishers. It is possible to extinguish burning objects with water, chemical, foam or air-foam fire extinguishers only at the direction of the head of work or another responsible person after removing the voltage from the contact network and grounding it.
Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of more than 7 m from a live contact wire can be allowed without removing the voltage. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the jet of water or foam does not touch the contact network and other parts under voltage.

In the event of a break in overhead lines, the shunting dispatcher, station duty officer and power dispatcher should be immediately informed about this.

Before the arrival of the brigade of the power grid area, it is necessary to protect the place of the break and ensure that no one approaches the broken wire closer than 8 m. This place is fenced with stop signals.

It is forbidden to come closer than 8 m to the broken wires of the contact network or overhead lines, as well as to touch anything to them and foreign objects located on them, regardless of whether they touch or do not touch the ground or grounded structures.

In the event of a spill or spillage of dangerous and harmful substances as a result of damage to the rolling stock, the station worker must inform the shift supervisor about this. It is possible to start emergency recovery work only with the permission of the chief state sanitary doctor on the railway (at the railway department, on the linear section of the railway), who determines personal protective equipment, working hours and other measures depending on the danger of working in the accident zone .

4.2. Actions to provide medical assistance to victims of injury, poisoning and sudden illness: The time from the moment of injury (poisoning) to the receipt of assistance should be reduced as much as possible. The provider of assistance is obliged to act decisively, but deliberately and expediently.

First of all, it is necessary to take measures to stop the impact of damaging factors and correctly assess the condition of the victim. When examining the victim, they first establish whether he is alive or dead, then determine the severity of the lesion. In many cases, the victim loses consciousness. The caregiver must be able to distinguish loss of consciousness from death.

Signs of life:

the presence of palpitations of the pulse on large arteries (carotid, femoral, brachial);
the presence of independent breathing (established by the movement of the chest, by moistening the mirror attached to the mouth and nose of the victim);
pupil reaction to light (if the open eye of the victim is covered with a hand, and then quickly move the hand to the side, then pupil constriction is observed).
If minimal signs of life are found, it is necessary to immediately begin to provide first aid. It is necessary to identify, eliminate or weaken the life-threatening manifestations of the lesion - bleeding, respiratory and cardiac arrest, impaired airway patency, severe headache.

Assistance is meaningless with obvious signs of death, which are listed below:

clouding and drying of the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye;

cooling of the body, the appearance of cadaveric spots and rigor mortis;
constriction of the pupil ("cat's eye") when squeezing the eye from the sides.
In all cases, when providing first aid, it is necessary to take measures to deliver the victim to a medical institution. The call of a medical worker should not suspend the provision of first aid.

When receiving a mechanical injury you need to stop the bleeding. In case of venous bleeding from the wound (blood has a dark cherry color, flows out in a uniform stream), it is enough to apply a sterile bandage with a tight bandage (pressure bandage) or pull a cotton-gauze swab well to the wound with a sticky patch.

Stopping arterial bleeding(outflowing blood is bright red, beats with a strong pulsating jet) first, the artery is pressed above the injury site to the bone. to stop the flow of blood to the site of injury, and then apply a standard or impromptu tourniquet. A note must be placed under the tourniquet indicating the date, hour and minutes of its imposition. The maximum allowable time for compression with a tourniquet is 1.5-2 hours. In case of any bleeding of the damaged part of the body, an elevated position is given and peace is provided.

For fractures in no case should you try to make bone fragments - to eliminate the curvature of the limb with a closed fracture or to set the bone that has come out with an open fracture. It is necessary to ensure the immobility of the damaged parts of the body with a splint (standard or made from improvised means) and a bandage. With an open fracture, the bleeding is stopped, a sterile bandage is applied, and only after that they begin immobilization (immobilize the damaged part of the body).

If the ligaments are sprained, it is necessary to apply a cold compress to the sprain, then a pressure bandage.

With dislocations or other damage to the joints, fix the limb in a position that is most convenient for the victim and causes him less anxiety. You can not try to reduce the dislocation and use force to change the position of the limb.

With a burn boiling water (hot food), you must quickly remove clothing soaked in hot liquid. In this case, do not tear off areas of skin adhering to clothing, but carefully cut around the clothing with scissors, leaving adherent areas.

Burning clothing should also be removed or extinguished immediately. This is best done by wrapping it in a blanket or other dense fabric. Due to the cessation of air access, the flame dies out. In no case should you run in ignited clothing, shoot down the flame with unprotected hands. It is useful to irrigate the burn area with a jet of cold water for several minutes or apply cold objects to it. This helps to quickly prevent the effects of heat on the body and reduce pain. Then, a sterile, preferably cotton-gauze bandage should be applied to the burn surface. The material applied to the surface can be moistened with diluted alcohol or vodka, which, in addition to anesthesia, disinfects the skin.

It is absolutely contraindicated to perform any manipulations on the burn surface, to apply bandages with ointments, fats. coloring agents. The use of soda powder, starch, soap, raw eggs is also undesirable, since these agents, in addition to contamination, cause the formation of a film that is difficult to remove from the burn surface. In the event of an extensive burn, it is better to wrap the victim in a clean sheet and urgently deliver to a medical facility or call a medical professional.

To reduce pain, the victim is given an anesthetic [analgin and (or) others]. If possible, drink it with hot tea, coffee or alkaline mineral water. You can also dilute half a teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of table salt in 1 liter of water and give to drink.

In case of eye injuries with sharp or piercing objects, as well as eye injuries with severe bruises, the victim should be urgently sent to a medical facility. Objects that have fallen into the eye should not be removed from the eye, so as not to further damage it. Apply a sterile bandage to the eye. If dust or powder gets into the eyes, rinse them with a gentle stream of running water.

For burns chemicals it is necessary to open the eyelids and rinse the eyes abundantly for 10-15 minutes with a weak stream of running water, after which the victim should be sent to a medical facility.

In case of eye burns with hot water (steam), eye rinsing is not recommended. The eyes are covered with a sterile bandage and the victim is sent to a medical facility.
In case of electric shock First of all, it is necessary to immediately stop the action electric current on the victim. To do this, the current is turned off by a switch, turning the knife switch, unscrewing the plugs, breaking the wire. If this is not possible, then the wire is discarded with a dry stick or other object that does not conduct electricity. Do not touch the victim with bare hands while he is under the influence of current.

After that, the victim should be carefully examined. Apply a sterile dressing to local lesions. With mild lesions, accompanied by fainting, dizziness, headache, pain in the heart, short-term loss of consciousness, it is necessary to create peace and take measures to deliver the victim to a medical facility.
When providing first aid to the victim, it is important to give painkillers (analgin, sedalgin and others), sedatives (valerian tincture) and heart (valocardin, Zelenin drops and others) remedies.

In severe lesions, accompanied by respiratory arrest and a state of "imaginary death" (pale skin, pupils are wide, unresponsive to light, breathing and pulse are absent, signs of life are established only by carefully listening to heart sounds), the only effective measure of help is immediate artificial respiration, sometimes for hours on end. If cardiac arrest has not occurred, properly performed artificial respiration quickly leads to an improvement in the condition. The skin acquires a natural color, a pulse appears. The most effective artificial respiration is mouth-to-mouth (16-20 breaths per minute). The control of artificial respiration is carried out according to the colzabniya of the chest.

After the victim regains consciousness, he should be given water, tea, coffee (but not alcoholic drinks!) and cover warmly.

In case of cardiac arrest, an external heart massage is performed simultaneously with artificial respiration with a frequency of 60-70 pressures per minute. The effectiveness of massage is judged by the appearance of a pulse on the carotid arteries.

With a combination of artificial respiration and indirect heart massage, for each blowing of air into the lungs of the victim, five or six pressures are applied to the region of the heart, mainly during the exhalation period. Artificial respiration and heart massage are done until they recover on their own, or until obvious signs of death appear.

The victim is transported to the hospital in the supine position.
In case of poisoning poor-quality food products, it is necessary to induce artificial vomiting in the victim and rinse the stomach, letting him drink a large amount (up to 6-10 glasses) of warm water tinted with potassium permanganate, or a weak solution of baking soda, and then drink milk and let him drink one or two tablets of activated coal.

In case of acid poisoning, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the stomach with water and give the victim enveloping agents: milk, raw eggs.
In case of gas poisoning, the victim must be taken out of the room to fresh air or a draft should be arranged in the room by opening windows and doors.
When breathing and cardiac activity stop, start artificial respiration and chest compressions (see the previous paragraph of this Instruction). In all cases of poisoning, the victim must be sent to a medical facility.

First aid for frostbite consists in the immediate warming of the victim and especially the frostbitten part. For this, a person is brought or introduced into a warm room. The frostbitten part of the body is first rubbed with a dry cloth, then placed in a basin with warm water (30-32 ° C). For 20-30 minutes the water temperature is gradually brought to 40-45 °C. The limb is thoroughly washed from contamination. With shallow frostbite, you can warm the victim with a heating pad or even the warmth of the hands. After warming, the damaged part of the body is wiped dry, covered with a sterile bandage and warmly covered.

Frostbitten areas of the body should not be lubricated with fat or ointments. This makes it difficult to process them later. It is also impossible to rub the frostbitten parts of the body with snow, as this increases the cooling, and the ice injures the skin and contributes to infection.

You should also refrain from intense rubbing and massage of the chilled part. Such actions with deep frostbite can lead to damage to blood vessels.

With general cooling of the victim, it is necessary to cover warmly, give a warm drink (tea, coffee). To reduce pain, painkillers [analgin and (or) others] are taken. The fastest delivery of the victim to a medical institution is also a measure of first aid.

For minor cuts and abrasions treat the skin around them with 2 or 5% alcohol solutions of iodine, apply a bactericidal adhesive plaster or bandage;

Assistance for fainting. In case of fainting, the following steps must be taken: make sure that the victim has a pulse on the radial or carotid artery; release the chest of the victim from restrictive clothing and unfasten the waist belt; lay the victim down and raise his legs. If there is no pulse on the carotid artery, proceed to the resuscitation complex: artificial respiration, chest compressions. If there is pain in the abdomen or repeated fainting, put cold (a bottle or bag of cold water or snow, or a hypothermic bag) on the stomach.

In order to prevent acute intestinal infections, it is necessary to observe:
personal hygiene rules - wash hands with soap before eating and after each visit to the toilet;

conditions and terms of storage of prepared food, as well as other food products.
If signs of an infectious disease appear, immediately consult a doctor and in no case go to work, so as not to be a source of infection for others.

4.3. The procedure for notifying the employer about cases of employee injury and malfunction of equipment, fixtures and tools. The station worker immediately reports each accident to the shunting dispatcher, the station management. Until the beginning of the investigation, the station worker preserves the situation at the scene of the accident, that is, preserves the condition of the equipment and mechanisms, as well as tools as they were at the time of the occurrence (if this does not threaten the life and health of workers, and a violation of the continuity of the production process does not lead to accidents).