The speed of movement of trains is subdivided into design, maximum, design, running, technical, district, route. They also highlight the speed of delivery of goods.
Structural called the highest speed that the design of the locomotive provides. Maximum allowable It is customary to call the speed of movement of trains, which allows developing on the section (direction) the state of technical means (track, artificial structures, running gear of cars, brakes, etc.). Estimated called the minimum allowable speed with which the locomotive can follow the calculated lift of unlimited length with a train of maximum weight established for this locomotive and lift. Each series of locomotive has its own design speed. Running speed is called average speed train movement without taking into account the time spent on parking, acceleration and deceleration at stops, but taking into account constant restrictions when passing through intermediate stations and other places where traffic deceleration is required, km/h:
Where – section length, km; – the sum of the running times for the section, excluding the time for acceleration and deceleration, h
Obviously, the running speed cannot exceed the design and maximum (permissible) speed.
Technical speed is the average speed of the train without stops, taking into account accelerations and decelerations. It is determined by dividing the distance between local stations by the time the train is in motion, including the time for acceleration and deceleration when stopping, passing through stations and other places with speed limits (km/h):
.
Precinct speed - the average speed of trains within the section, taking into account the time spent on stops, acceleration and deceleration (km / h):
,
Where T uch - the total time of the train on the section, h; – total time of train stops at intermediate stations of the section, h
To assess how successfully the technical speed is used in the chart, the so-called speed coefficient is derived:
Route speed shows the average speed of the train along the entire route, km/h:
,
Where – the distance traveled by the train along its entire route, km;
Almost all passengers know that there are fast and accelerated trains, branded and passenger trains, but not many people know how they differ. We propose to fill this gap in knowledge.
What are the trains?
First you need to understand the classification of trains. The classification criterion is the route speed, that is, the time it takes to travel the distance from one point to another. Read more about what trains are depending on speed, below.
high speed
High-speed trains are considered the fastest. They are able to move at a speed of 200-400 km / h. Their main feature is that they cannot move on ordinary rails. For them, they build a special canvas that can withstand heavy loads. The high-speed highway appeared in the 2000s and continues to develop rapidly. Now the fastest trains run from the capital to other cities, and also allow you to get from Russia to European cities.
For example, the most famous high-speed train is Sapsan, which runs between the capital and St. Petersburg and allows you to cover the distance between these cities twice as fast. "Allegro" is an international high-speed train, as it runs from the northern capital to Helsinki.
Now Russian Railways is building a high-speed railway, the length of which is about 1,500 km. It will be able to travel trains at a speed of about 400 km/h. It will connect Moscow with the Volga region and Siberia. The train will run from the capital through Kazan to Yekaterinburg. In the future, it is planned to build a similar highway from Moscow to Sochi.
High-speed
The route speed of such trains is slightly lower - about 140 km / h, although on flat sections of the road they can accelerate to 200 km / h. In ordinary life, there is no separation between high-speed and high-speed trains, since a special canvas is needed to move both categories.
- "Lastochka" is a train that moves at an average speed of 140-160 km/h. Such trains travel from the capital and St. Petersburg to Nizhny Novgorod, as well as around the Krasnodar Territory.
- "Strizh" - travels at speeds up to 200 km / h on the route from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod and back.
Ambulance
The technical speed of fast trains does not differ from passenger trains, but due to the fact that they make few stops (only at large stations and train stations), they cover the distance much faster. The route speed of such trains ranges from 50 to 90 km/h. The ticket price is slightly more expensive. In the vastness of the state, hundreds of trains still travel, and in different directions.
For example, a train called "Sura" runs from Moscow to Penza, and "Lotos" will connect the capital with Astrakhan. A fast train also runs between Moscow and Chelyabinsk. Southern Urals". There are other trains of the same type on other routes. Usually they do not have a special name, but are simply numbered. Fast trains depart from Moscow to almost all regions.
Accelerated
There is no official name. This category includes freight trains that move faster than conventional trains. They are used to transport perishable goods. Not applicable for the carriage of passengers.
Branded
In terms of speed, branded trains are fast, as they move at a speed of 50-90 km / h. But this is their only similarity. A feature of branded compositions is high level comfort and service. Passengers in them can count on a set of additional services that make the trip as comfortable as possible. A basic level of service is also set to a high standard. Conductors working on such trains must undergo special training.
All branded trains have their own name. For example, a train running from the capital to Perm is called "Kama", and from Moscow to Tomsk - "Tomich", from the capital to Kirov - "Vyatka" and so on. When buying tickets, you should pay attention to whether the travel document contains the mark "ambulance". In its absence, the train will move like a regular passenger train, but will have comfortable conditions and a range of services for the convenience of passengers.
Passenger
Such trains overcome the route at a speed of up to 50 km / h, although technically they can travel no slower than trains belonging to the “ambulance” category. The main difference is that they stop at every stop, which significantly slows down its movement along the route. Such trains are in great demand, despite the fact that they move slowly.
There are two reasons for this:
- The fare is quite low, especially compared to other categories.
- On a passenger train, you can get to a small station or a medium-sized locality. Fast trains simply do not stop at such stations.
Passenger trains are branded, that is, they have an improved service, there are additional services. An example of such a train is the "White Nights" - a train that runs from Moscow to Vologda. If the ticket does not contain the designation "ambulance", it means that it is a passenger one by default.
The number of passenger trains is decreasing every year. They are being replaced by trains that can move faster.
All about the Sapsan high-speed train. From name to outlet :)
Why was the Sapsan train called that, which railway launched the Sapsan first and why, why do they say “Sapsan high-speed train”, and not just “Sapsan fast train”.
This page contains a description of the train, facts, figures and questions about the Sapsan.
Technical characteristics of the Sapsan train
The official name of the Sapsan train is Velaro RUS.
This Russian version reliable trains that operate reliably on high-speed lines in Europe. The closest relative of Sapsan is Intercity-Express.
Manufactured by Siemens Corporation.
Temperatures from -50 to +40 degrees do not frighten him.
The length of the train is 250 m, consisting of 10 wagons. (1 first class carriage, 1 business class carriage, 7 economy class carriages and a bistro carriage). Their manufacturing technology is closer to aviation, so the Sapsan weighs less than conventional trains.
All technical devices “ride” either on the roof of the car or under it, and the space inside is completely given to passengers.
Why was the Sapsan high-speed train called that?
There is a swift and beautiful bird - a peregrine falcon. When hunting, she can reach speeds of more than 300 km / h. This is the same rarity for the bird world as the Sapsan high-speed train for the familiar to us railways.
The maximum speed of conventional trains is up to 140 km/h.
How fast is the Sapsan going?
Technically, a train can reach speeds of up to 300-350 km/h, but on Russian railways it is still limited to 250 km/h.
The average speed of the Sapsan train on the direction of St. Petersburg - Moscow is about 200 km/h.
On the section Okulovka - Malaya Vishera, the maximum speed of the Sapsan train is 230-240 km / h.
between Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod"Sapsan" reduces the speed of movement, up to 160 km / h.
What is the speed of the train on the way, you can always see on a special board inside each car.
How long does it take "Sapsan" to St. Petersburg?
The distance between Moscow and St. Petersburg Sapsan passes now from 3 h. 40 min. up to 4.h. 10 min., depending on the number of stops.
From August 2014, Sapsan will reduce travel time. It will be possible to get from one capital to another in 3 hours 30 minutes.
On the route Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod "Sapsan" on the way is 3 hours. 55 min.
Where and when was the first Sapsan high-speed train launched?
On the main course of the Oktyabrskaya railway, between Moscow and St. Petersburg.
Now it became possible to choose whether to fly by air or by land: less than 4 hours from the center of one capital to the center of another without traffic jams and waiting at airports.
Safety near Sapsan
While moving at high speed, a strong air current is formed around the train, similar to, for example, a tornado. He is able to capture and tighten various objects under the composition. A person for this phenomenon is also an object not too large.
If you are standing on the platform and hear the announcer's warning about the passage of the Sapsan or the signal of the train itself, move away from the edge.
This phrase was not invented in vain. The safe distance is about 3 meters.
Platforms vary in width, so the farther you go, the better.
We won’t even talk about the fact that you shouldn’t try to outwit a high-speed train and try to run across in front of him.
The braking distance of the Sapsan at a speed of 200 km / h is about 2 kilometers.
Does Sapsan have Wi-Fi?
In business class carriages it is free, in economy class it is paid.
Payment - directly on the train:
- bank card
- from the account mobile phone(for MegaFon subscribers)
- with a special card, which can be bought from the conductor in the bistro car
How to return tickets for Sapsan?
Just like any other train.
Detailed information about the return policy, including the e-ticket, can be found
Rules for landing on the Sapsan
Boarding starts 45 minutes before the train departure.
A pre-boarding screening of Sapsan passengers and luggage is being carried out.
The speed of passage is no more than 1 minute per person.
It will not work to jump on the bandwagon of the outgoing Sapsan.
2 minutes before departure, the doors of all cars are blocked from the driver's cab, an automatic check of the systems begins, without this the train will not move.
About what documents are needed to board the train, we wrote
Are there any benefits for Sapsan
There are no benefits. There are discounts provided by Road and Universal cards.
Cards can be bought at the box office or on the Sapsan train itself from the conductor of the bistro car.
There are also discounts for round-trip travel when buying at the box office.
An electronic ticket with a 2% discount can be issued on our website.
Sapsan, services on the train
In first and business class carriages, the ticket price includes the latest press, passenger hygiene kit, hot meals, 1 serving of alcohol, tea, natural coffee and other drinks without restrictions. Children will also not be left without attention and toys.
Free services are not provided in economy class.
When ordering a ticket on the carriage scheme, you will see how each class differs.
Is there a toilet in Sapsan?
Yes. There are 13 bathrooms per train. Accommodation can be seen on the map of wagons.
Does Sapsan have sockets?
Sockets are standard, in business class they are located near each seat, in economy class - 2 sockets per carriage.
You can charge your phone, tablet or laptop.
Can I smoke in Sapsan?
If you have forgotten things in Sapsan, please call:
When buying a ticket, did you have to think about the difference between a fast train and a high-speed train, and an accelerated train from a branded one? Learn all about high-speed train categories and stop worrying about which one is right for you.
Types of trains by speed
Train speed is a broad concept. There are running, technical, distillation and even commercial speeds, which are measured in different ways. We will talk about the route speed, that is, the average speed with which the train travels a given route "from point A to point B". Route speed is determined by the standards for rolling stock.
According to the route speed, trains are divided into several types.
- High speed.
- High-speed.
- fast.
- Accelerated.
- Passenger.
high speed train
"And faster, faster than will
The train rushes in an open field ... "
High-speed trains are the fastest, moving at speeds between 200 and 400 km/h. For such speeds, a special railway track is required. It's called the high-speed highway. In Russia, such infrastructure projects have been actively developed since the mid-2000s. Today, high-speed rail links connect Moscow with other cities in Russia and Europe. Examples of high speed trains.
- "Sapsan". It runs on the route Moscow - St. Petersburg at a speed of 250 km / h, and its top speed is 350 km / h.
- "Allegro". International train on the route St. Petersburg - Helsinki. It moves at a speed of 200-220 km / h.
The construction of a high-speed highway continues, which will connect the European part of Russia, the Volga region and Siberia by the Moscow-Kazan-Yekaterinburg line. It is expected that the length of the highway will be more than 1,500 km, and the speed of trains will reach 400 km/h. In the future, the route Moscow - Sochi, which will also run high-speed trains at speeds from 200 to 400 km / h.
High-speed train
A high-speed train has a route speed of more than 140 km/h. On certain sections of the route, the speed of the train can be from 100 to 200 km / h. Another feature of a high-speed train is a minimum of stops along the route to ensure the fastest movement. IN Everyday life The distinction between high-speed and high-speed trains is usually not made, especially since both categories require a modern railway track designed for high loads. Examples of high-speed trains are the famous Lastochka and Strizh.
- "Strizh". It runs along the route Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod, developing a speed of up to 200 km / h.
- "Martin" . Trains of this type connect Moscow with Nizhny Novgorod, St. Petersburg with Veliky Novgorod, they also run in Krasnodar Territory. Speed 140-160 km/h.
Express train
Its route speed is from 50 to 91 km/h. Technically, it moves at the same speed as a standard passenger train, but the number of stops for a fast train is less. He stops at major cities, at junction stations and at points where train crews change. Therefore, the average route speed is higher. Fast trains in Russia run over long distances. The ticket price is 10-20% higher than for a regular passenger ticket. Hundreds of fast trains ply across the expanses of Russia. Here are some examples.
- "Sura" . His route lies between Moscow and Penza.
- "Lotus". One of the oldest express routes connecting Moscow and Astrakhan.
- "Southern Urals" . Connects Moscow and Chelyabinsk.
- The name of fast trains can only contain the number and endpoints of the route.
- 117N Novokuznetsk - Moscow.
- 015Y Moscow - Volgograd.
- 069I am Chita - Moscow.
fast train
Fast trains are an unofficial category of freight trains with special speeds. Means that the train is moving at a higher speed than others carrying the same load. Fast freight trains carry perishable goods. The name is unofficial, there is no such category of trains in the technical documentation or regulatory documents. For passenger trains, the term does not apply.
Branded fast train
The branded category refers to the class of service, service and material and technical equipment of the train, but not to the speed of its movement. A branded ambulance is a train that has all the hallmarks of a branded one and a route speed of 50 to 91 km/h. Branded fast trains are the most comfortable. They depart at a convenient time, have a guaranteed set of services and a high level of basic service, the conductors of such trains undergo special training.
A distinctive feature of a branded train is a proper name in the title. When buying tickets for a branded train, you need to look at the presence of the “fast” category. If it is absent, then the train belongs to the standard passenger category with a low route speed.
Examples of branded fast trains.
- "Kama" - Perm - Moscow.
- "Tomich" - Tomsk - Moscow.
- "Syktyvkar" - Syktyvkar - Moscow.
- "Vyatka" - Kirov - Moscow.
- "Ivan Parysty" - Bryansk - Moscow.
Passenger train
It is often referred to as regular or standard. It has a route speed of up to 50 km/h, although the technical speed is comparable to that of a fast train. The abundance of stops along the route slows down the movement of a passenger train. Despite the slow movement, such trains are in demand for two main reasons. Tickets are cheaper than fast or branded ones.
If you need to get to a small station or a small town, then it is more convenient to do it on a passenger train, since the ambulance may not stop at the right place.
Passenger train can be branded. Often in the name of the train, the passenger category is omitted. That is, if the train is not fast, then it is a passenger train by default.
Currently, passenger trains are increasingly being replaced by fast, high-speed and high-speed trains.
Examples of passenger trains.
- 459V Tambov - Adler. Seasonal summer train.
- "White Nights" . Branded passenger train on the route St. Petersburg - Vologda.
- 353E Perm - Adler. Year-round passenger train.
- 479 And St. Petersburg - Sukhum. Seasonal passenger train for the summer-autumn period.
Life hack: how to determine the category of a train without a hint
Want to instantly navigate the train category? Look at the composition number.
- High speed trains are numbered in the range 751–788.
- High-speed trains are numbered from 701 to 750.
- Fast trains are numbered from 1 to 298 and from 801 to 898.
- Passenger trains have numbers in the range from 301 to 698. Numbers from 451 to 598 indicate seasonal or one-time trains.
TRAIN SPEED
TRAIN SPEED
one of the most important performance indicators. S. d. p. is expressed as the number of kilometers traveled by a train during a unit of time (hour, day). There are four types of S. d. p.: a) running; b) tech. (distillation); c) precinct (commercial); d) route. Running S. d. p. - the average speed on a homogeneous section of the path for a short period of time, during which there is no significant change in the speed of movement. This speed rarely stays the same for long periods of time, rising and falling as the track profile and traffic conditions change. The largest value of the chassis C d.p. naz. maximum speed. Technical S. d. p. - the average speed of movement along the hauls between two precinct stations without taking into account the idle time of the train at intermediate stations. Tech. S. d. p. is determined by dividing the distance traveled by the train by the time of the actual movement of this train along the hauls. District S. d. p. the average speed between two section stations, taking into account the idle time of the train at all intermediate stations. The precinct S. d.p. is determined by dividing the distance between two precinct stations by the total time the train passes, counting the idle time at intermediate stations. Approximation of the precinct S. d. p. to the technical one by introducing a rigid schedule, reducing the time for stopping and disseminating the experience of the best Stakhanovite machinists in non-stop and accelerated driving of trains without taking on water at intermediate stations is a top priority for railway workers. tr-that. Route S. d. p. - the average daily speed from the moment of departure of the route from the station of loading or formation until the moment of arrival at the station of unloading or disbanding, taking into account all stops at passing precinct and marshalling stations. The route speed limit within one road is calculated by the distance from the entrance to the exit point of the road, and for transit trains - between these points. S. d. p. for hauls and sections is established train schedule. In order to ensure traffic safety, the S. d. p. is limited to: a) when driving along arrows on deviated side tracks - no more than 40 km/h; b) when the train moves forward by wagons - no more than 25 km/h; c) when accepting a train on dead ends - no more than 15 km/h; d) when passing a place fenced with speed reduction signals - 25 km/h(unless a special warning is given indicating a different speed); e) when pulling down a train that has stopped on a steep slope - no more than 5 km/h; f) after departure from a faulty traffic light with a red light - no more than 15 km/h; g) when following trains - not higher than the speed of the train in front; h) when switching to manual due to damage to the automatic brakes - not higher than the speed determined depending on the number of active hand brakes.
Technical railway dictionary. - M.: State transport railway publishing house. N. N. Vasiliev, O. N. Isaakyan, N. O. Roginsky, Ya. B. Smolyansky, V. A. Sokovich, T. S. Khachaturov. 1941 .
See what "TRAIN SPEED" is in other dictionaries:
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SPEED, HIGH- the speed of trains when transporting perishable and other valuable goods. Conditionally: 330 km per day for small shipments of non-perishable goods and 660 km per day for perishable goods in refrigerated trains ...
SPEED, CARGO- the speed of movement of trains with industrial goods during their transportation by rail. Conditionally: for small shipments - 180 km, for carload shipments - 330 km, block shipments - 550 km per day ... Big Economic Dictionary
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