There can be many reasons for the appearance of moisture. It is necessary to determine the factor due to which dampness appeared, influence it and bring the situation back to normal. In some cases, disinfection is necessary. Such complications appear due to improperly organized ventilation and waterproofing. If this is not dealt with, the problem will soon return. Much depends on the temperature in the cellar. Therefore, before drying the room, check that the ventilation pipes and waterproofing are in order.
Eliminate the causes of dampness in the basement Why is there dampness in the basement
Condensation in the basement can appear for various reasons. The most frequent of them:
- Incorrect ventilation. The problem initially lies in the errors and shortcomings of the design of the premises. Because of this, it is broken. The most common mistake- Poor slab coverage. Debris could get into the ventilation pipes.
Important! If there is a temperature difference between the indoor and outdoor areas, condensation will form on the windows and ceiling. Moisture will soon cause mold.
- Groundwater has risen. This problem is relevant in spring and autumn. Heavy rains permeate the soil with moisture. This contributes to the humidity in the cellar. Due to poor drainage of the soil through a system of trenches and pipes, moisture accumulates in the cellar more and more.
- Cracks. Dampness in the cellar penetrates into the cellar from the soil with cracks and faults. The problem lies in an incorrectly structured foundation. Temperature fluctuations will contribute to the formation of condensate. Such a problem leads to cracks or even collapses in the basement.
In this video, we will consider the causes of dampness in the basement:
Signs of high humidity in underground storage
There are several ways to detect high humidity in basements. The easiest is to find the instructions for the refrigerator. It specifies the humidity level. It is very similar to the norm in underground premises: 85-95%. A hygrometer will help with this - a device for determining the humidity of a room.
If there is no such device, you can use other methods:
- Pour into a glass of water. Send to freeze in the refrigerator for a day.
- Take it out and put it in the cellar.
- The glass will fog up. According to its further state, humidity can be determined. If the walls of the glass are dry, the humidity is lowered. If the state has not changed, the humidity is normalized. If dripping drops appear, the humidity is increased.
But you can also find out the humidity by simply looking at the general condition of the cellar:
- condensate;
- humidity on the floor;
- heavy air.
If no action is taken, the consequences will not please:
- There will be mold and fungi that can cause respiratory diseases.
- Food will start to spoil.
- The walls will collapse.
Effective methods of struggle
Before you begin to deal with moisture, you need to determine the causes of its occurrence. All further actions depend on it. The reasons can be identified by the location of moisture.
- If on the ceiling and walls, ventilation problems.
- There are only on the walls, vertical waterproofing of the walls is needed.
- If on the floor, groundwater has increased in volume.
External waterproofing
Check the quality of the installation, there may be problems with slopes and downpipes. Damage to the drainage system is possible.
If you don't have waterproofing installed at all, consider designing it. Later, protect the exterior walls from moisture:
- Remove blind areas.
- Dig out 0.5 m from the walls around the entire perimeter.
- Dry the outer walls.
- Lubricate the wall with antifungal mixtures.
- Lubricate the wall with mastics, clay or concrete (one thing).
- Install blind areas. They are fixed 0.5 m above the ground
- Fill in the hole.
Installed moisture insulation system will help remove dampness.
Internal waterproofing device
In addition to the external drainage system, it is necessary to make an internal one, with the help of which the required temperature in the cellar is maintained. Procedure:
- Dry the room.
- Put the walls in order, remove the old whitewash.
- Clear the gaps.
- Use the antifungal mixture again.
- Cover the walls with waterproofing compound.
Protect your basement from moisture Your damp basement will no longer be like this, waterproofing will not allow excess moisture to penetrate inside.
Ventilation system
An additional ventilation system will help remove moisture in the basement. It is installed in violation of air exchange. There are two types of such ventilation:
- Natural. With it, the so-called. "vents" - holes throughout the room. According to the established norm, their area should be related to the area of the entire room as 1:400.
- Forced. It is more often used in large rooms. It involves the installation of special equipment. It lets fresh air into the room if necessary.
Forced installation costs a lot.
How to dry out a basement
How to dry a cellar in a garage, house, summer kitchen? Dampness in the basement a big problem. Usually it appears due to the incorrect design of the entire room. The temperature in the basement must also be constantly maintained.
Drying options
Drying can be done in three effective ways: using a brazier, a candle and a special dehumidifier.
Drying with a roaster:
- open absolutely all the holes;
- we put the brazier;
- kindle a fire in it;
- We wait until the warm air leaves the room through the open holes.
We dry the cellar with a candle. This method is easier than the previous one, but takes much longer. It must be placed exactly under the air outlet.
Dry using a desiccant. This method is used more often for large rooms. The device can show the level of humidity. It is best to dry periodically, little by little.
How to prevent high humidity
In this case, it is easier and less costly to carry out preventive measures than to get rid of. All problems can be solved if the room is properly designed.
Basic Rules:
- The material of load-bearing walls and floors should not let water through in any state of aggregation. Use concrete of the highest grades for this.
- Be sure to carry out a waterproofing system.
- Draw a blind area around the cellar.
- Organize Well ventilation system.
- Between the main and underground premises, conduct a vapor barrier.
How can you process the cellar
There are several ways to process an underground room: lime, sulfur, copper sulphate. But all these methods are toxic for both humans and vegetables.
Many still use tars, bitumen, drying oil for processing boards. This is effective, but not short term. It can also be bad for vegetables.
The safest are lime and blue vitriol. Some of them even process plants.
How best to get rid of dampness in the basement
First, determine where the dampness comes from. Inside or outside?
If the problem is internal, a well-installed ventilation system will help. Two pipes will be enough. You need to place them in opposite corners, at different levels.
If the problem comes from outside, then the source may be groundwater, heavy rainfall. Drying the room will help to cope with all problems. How to carry it out is indicated above.
How to get rid of condensate in the cellar
Condensation is removed in many ways. In some cases, one small action helps, in others you have to sweat.
Each type of storage has its own temperature. What temperature should be in the cellar with vegetables? The norm is considered to be not lower than 0 ° C. Approximate humidity - 70-95%. It is important to maintain the necessary indicators in the cellar.
In the fight against condensate will help: internal and external waterproofing, vapor barrier, exhaust, ceiling insulation.
High humidity in the cellar appears for various reasons. First of all, it is necessary to find out why it has increased, take measures to eliminate it, and then bring it back to normal. At the last stage - if necessary, disinfect. In any case, without properly organized ventilation and waterproofing, the problem will appear again and again. Therefore, before drying the cellar, check if the ventilation pipes are clogged, if the waterproofing is damaged.
Prevent dampness
As usual, this “disease” is easier (and cheaper) to prevent than to treat. It is still being decided at the design stage:
Inspecting the floor
Very often in the cellar the floor is made of earth. Often it is the source of excess moisture. Through it, the moisture contained in the soil gets inside. To reduce the humidity in the cellar, you need to level the earthen floor, tamp it down and cover it with a thick plastic wrap. You can use roofing felt, but it breaks more often. Although it seems more durable, it breaks due to less elasticity.
It is not necessary to pour sand or earth on top of the film. Sometimes there is a large amount of water in the basement (accidental flooding). Then you simply take out the film, the water goes partly into the ground, partly evaporates through ventilation. After the dampness is gone, you can lay the floor again. If there is earth or sand on top, you will need to poke around in this liquid, extracting the film.
If the floor in the cellar is earthen, most of the moisture enters through it
If, after laying the film, the level of humidity in the cellar has decreased, then you have found the cause. You can leave everything as it is, only periodically change the “flooring”, or you can make a concrete floor with full waterproofing. The choice is yours. To prevent the film from tearing when walked on, knock down the wooden shields and throw them on the floor.
Improving waterproofing
The second reason why humidity rises in the basement is an insufficient degree of vapor barrier or waterproofing of the walls. This usually occurs if the cellar is lined with bricks, especially silicate. The material is very hygroscopic and passes water vapor well. They settle in drops on the ceiling and all objects.
The problem can be solved if you make a good external waterproofing: dig out the walls and apply bituminous mastic in two layers. Previously coated with resin, but mastic is more effective and easier to handle.
But excavation is far from always a joy, and it is not always possible to dig out the walls. In this case, you can make an internal waterproofing of the walls of the cellar. For this, there are cement-based impregnations: Pnetron, Kalmatron, Hydrotex, etc. They penetrate to a depth of up to half a meter into the thickness of the material (concrete, brick, etc.) and block the capillaries through which water seeps. Water permeability is greatly reduced. Their only downside is the price. But they are really effective.
All these measures will prevent the appearance of high humidity in the basement. But what to do if there is already moisture, how to dry the cellar? Next, consider ways to reduce humidity.
Preparatory work
All supplies are taken out of the basement, as well as all wooden structures, they are well cleaned. On the street, they inspect wood - shelves / boxes / boxes. If they are not affected, and there is no fungus or mold, they are simply laid out in the sun to dry. If there are signs of damage, the wood is impregnated with a solution of copper sulfate (concentration 5-10%, no more).
Whitewashing with lime gives good results - it will also “collect” moisture from the air. Therefore, before draining the basement, it makes sense to whitewash everything. They just don't do it the way they do it. It is necessary to apply a thick layer of lime on the walls. To do this, make a bucket of thick whitewash, add a little diluted copper sulphate. It is an excellent disinfectant, but the concentration should not be higher than 5%, maximum - 10. The resulting thick liquid is poured in half into two containers.
The first half is lowered into the basement, dressed in old clothes, put on glasses, and cover their hands. They take a paint brush for whitewashing (it looks more like a small broom) and smear the corners well with it. Then you slurp the liquid with a brush, and spray it on the walls and ceiling. Just dip in thick whitewash and spray on the walls. They are covered with drops, tubercles of lime.
After everything is covered with lime, wait a day until it dries. Repeat everything with the second bucket. As a result, the walls and ceiling are porous and uneven. But condensation rarely hangs on them: lime retains moisture well inside. After the lime dries, you can begin to dry the cellar.
Basement dehumidification with ventilation
Sometimes it happens like this: it was dry in the cellar, and suddenly dampness appeared. One reason is poor ventilation. First of all, check the cleanliness of the ventilation ducts. If necessary, clean. If everything is fine, but the dampness does not go away, then the exhaust pipe is not working well. This happens when the air in the cellar is colder than outside. Heavy and cold, he himself will not climb the pipe. A paradoxical, at first glance, situation arises: it was cold and damp outside - it was dry in the cellar. It got warmer - drops of moisture hung on the ceiling, walls and objects, a musty smell appeared. In this case, in order to dry the cellar, it is necessary to activate the movement of air. There are several solutions.
Sometimes increased air movement leads to the fact that the humidity in the cellar does not decrease, but increases. This can often be seen in hot weather. The reason is this. Warm air carries with it a significant amount of moisture in the form of vapours. Getting into a cool cellar, the air cools down, and moisture condenses on the coldest surfaces: the ceiling, walls, sometimes on shelves and cans. If you have just such a case, then stop ventilation. Even close the supply pipe and close the lid well, limiting the flow of warm air.
How to dry the cellar in this case? Wait until autumn, and when there is no rain yet, but the temperature is already about + 10 ° C, start ventilation using one of the methods proposed above. Works. If your nights are cold in summer, you can turn on the fan at night and close the ventilation ducts during the day. So gradually you can reduce the humidity in the cellar in the summer.
We heat the cellar
If you need to remove dampness even during warm weather, and ventilation only worsens the situation, you need to heat the air in the basement so that it comes out on its own, taking moisture away (the higher the air temperature, the more vapor it can contain).
To do this, take an old bucket or other metal container of about the same volume. They make a lot of holes in it (you can use an ax) in the bottom and walls. Such a leaky bucket is tied to a cable (attach securely). Coals for barbecue are poured inside (you can burn it yourself), the bucket should be almost full. Coals are kindled and stable combustion is achieved (to accelerate combustion, you can adapt a vacuum cleaner by turning it on for blowing). A bucket of glowing coals is lowered on a cable into the cellar, fixed so that it hangs above the bottom, and the lid is closed.
Periodically, the cellar lid must be opened, letting in an additional portion of oxygen (every 20-30 minutes). You can put a fan on the supply pipe or periodically turn on the same vacuum cleaner. If the coals still go out, they are kindled again.
Attention! It is better not to climb inside, do everything from above. Firstly, the temperature there is high (in a room of about 2 * 3 meters, about 70 ° C), and secondly, smoke and, perhaps, carbon monoxide accumulate inside.
As the coals burned out, they took out the bucket, closed the lid. Do not look inside for three days: smoke and gases will kill the mold and, along with drying, you will disinfect your cellar. Usually one such "firebox" is enough to dry the basement in the house or on the street. Similarly, you can get rid of dampness in the basement under the garage.
Sometimes instead charcoal use coke or coal. It gives a higher temperature and “processing” takes longer, but it burns more difficult, requires more oxygen, often forced blowing (adapt an old vacuum cleaner and a corrugated hose, but turn it on for blowing). But the temperature rises even higher and dries even more efficiently. But the price of coke is high, even if you don't go broke because of buying a bucket.
Instead of a bucket of burning coal, you can use other heaters:
- a propane burner (lower the burning one on the wire, make sure that it does not light anything and leave it hanging in the middle, as tired, close the valve, open the lid only every other day);
- decent power heat gun (3-5 kW);
- kirogaz;
- lower the potbelly stove into the basement and heat it.
All these methods can be used, but you have to go down into the cellar in order to ignite the kyrogaz or potbelly stove. And this is an unsafe undertaking and do not use this method alone. It is necessary that someone belay you upstairs. Regarding the heat gun: it is also better to lower it by tying it (tying it) with a cable, and not lowering it yourself.
How to dry the basement in the garage is described in the video.
How to dry a cellar without ventilation
If ventilation was not done during construction, it is advisable to arrange it now. At least some: it will be easier to get rid of dampness. Better, of course, two pipes - one for inflow, the second for outflow - as described at the beginning of the article. If the cellar is made separately on the street, it is easier to organize: they broke through the ground and the roof of the cellar, inserted pipes, filled everything with concrete mortar.
It’s more difficult with a garage, but no one here clings to aesthetics. But if the basement is without ventilation under the house, it’s more difficult to make it: it’s better not to break the foundation, and you can’t stretch many pipes through the floor into the room. But even in this case, make at least one pipe. Even if through the cover, lead to the wall or ceiling, put the supply and exhaust fan. It can be switched on either for supply or exhaust, and in this way to somehow dry the cellar.
With at least such ventilation, you can use any of the methods described above. You can also try to collect more moisture. For this inside lay out hygroscopic materials:
If all these dances with tambourines do not inspire confidence in you (although they work), you can dry the cellar using modern technology. There are household appliances household dehumidifiers. They are often placed in pools to get rid of dampness in the room. You will need a medium power model. They cost about 20-30 thousand rubles, they work from a 220 V household network. In the process, they collect moisture from the air into a special container. You will need to periodically drain the water.
One way to dry out a damp basement is to install a household dehumidifier.
Disinfection and fight against fungi and mold
Increased humidity in the cellar leads to the fact that mold, fungi appear on the walls, ceiling shelves different types and flowers, and all this beauty is accompanied by "aromas". In this case, everything that can be taken out of the cellar is taken out and laid out to dry. After drying, whitewash wooden shelves, boxes, boards, racks with lime with the addition of a solution of copper sulfate. Better twice.
In the cellar, you clean off all the growths from the walls and ceiling, whiten with lime and blue vitriol twice (the technology is described at the beginning of the article). Before the main drying, special events can be carried out that will destroy the spores (or neutralize them for a while).
Vapors of lime
In the cellar, put a barrel filled with quicklime. Lime is taken at the rate of 3 kg per 1 cubic meter of volume. In a barrel of lime should be a maximum, a little more than half. Fill everything with water. Don't interfere. Get out quickly and tightly (hermetically) close the lid and all ventilation ducts. You can open in two days, ventilate well, then you can go down.
Repeat the treatment after 7-10 days. Vapors of lime should burn out mold and fungi, destroy insects and their larvae. They also cope with the smells of dampness and mustiness very effectively. True, for several days in the cellar it will smell like lime.
Sulfuric (smoke) bomb
Use sulfur flask. They are sold in stores selling seeds or household equipment. Each has instructions. But, in short, you need to act according to the following scheme:
- take out all metal things, if this is not possible, cover them with a layer of lubricant - grease or something similar.
- You set fire to the wick of the sulfur checker, it begins to smolder.
- Get out quickly, close the lid and ventilation ducts hermetically, leave for 5-6 hours.
If the basement is in the house, it is advisable to leave it for the time of processing: a couple of breaths with insufficient tightness and the lungs will need to be put in order for a long time.
Disinfection occurs due to the formation of sulfuric acid. It is obtained by the reaction of sulfuric anhydride and water. Therefore, the mold is more effectively killed with a sulfur checker in wet cellars.
After 5-6 hours (or after the time indicated on the package), open the ventilation ducts and the lid (in that order). Leave open for at least 12 hours. The remaining gases are vented during this time. You can come in.
From the experience of operating such checkers, we can say that they need to be ignited twice as much as the norm. Then everything will really be neutralized.
Mold remover
Sometimes white fluffy growth appears on wood or walls. This is one type of fungus. It can be dealt with by the methods described above, but if only it is present, you can find a means for removing hard mounting foam on the construction market (they sell it in the same place as foam). Insert the tube into the mounting gun and apply to places with fungus. It immediately starts to roll over. And then on this place does not appear.
Sprinkling on the floor
If your floor is earthen, lay a thick plastic film on it (for which it is described above), knock down the wooden bars and throw them on the floor. Scatter pieces of slaked lime under them. And they will collect moisture and create “bad” conditions for fungi.
How to dry out a basement after a flood
If the flooding was accidental, you need to pump out water in any way possible, and then proceed according to the standard scheme:
- Take out everything you can from their cellar.
- Leave all the lid and vents open for a while.
- When more or less dry, remove debris, fungi, mold from the walls and floor.
- Whitewash with lime.
- Dry one of the ways.
If the flooding is periodic - in the spring, for example, you will have to make a full-fledged drainage system, and this is a separate conversation.
All the methods described above on how to dry the cellar are mostly based on practical experience. They are used everywhere and very often. In one case, one method works, in the other, another. Your task is to find the most effective for your situation.
Dampness in the cellar is a huge problem for most summer residents and suburban residents. As a rule, humidity rises due to poorly made heat or waterproofing, as well as due to a large number vegetables and fruits stored indoors. In some cases, condensation forms due to the lack of a ventilation system. Whatever the reason, a wet cellar is in no way suitable for storing food in it, which, with constant exposure to moisture, will quickly deteriorate. That is why moisture must be removed and completely eliminated from such a phenomenon as condensate. We will talk today about how to dry the cellar and properly prepare it for laying the crop.
Carrying out preparatory work
Humidity in the cellar, as a rule, is at a sufficient high level, so condensation forms on the walls and ceiling. Preparatory work includes the complete release of the premises from the vegetables stored there since last year (they are no longer suitable for consumption, so it is best to remove them from storage).
In addition, it is recommended to temporarily get rid of the wooden elements of the room (racks, pallets, various bins, boxes, shelves, etc.). All wooden structures must be taken outside, then washed with hot water and soapy water. They must be completely dry before further use.
Before dehumidifying the air in the storage, all supplies and products from there should be taken out.
A fairly common and effective method of disinfecting the wooden elements of the storage is to apply a layer of whitewash with the addition of ordinary copper sulphate. As a whitewash, as a rule, ordinary lime acts, which can be found on sale in any store. Humidity and condensation in this case will not affect the wood.
In addition, in order to protect wooden elements from mold and fungus, it is necessary to apply antiseptic impregnation to them. You can use any composition sold in the store.
The walls and ceiling of the vault can also be whitewashed and dried later. Otherwise, due to increased dampness in the room, it will not be possible to keep the crop in the proper form. In the fall, when it rains continuously, it will not be possible to dry the cellar efficiently, so all work should be carried out in the summer.
How is storage drying?
In order to get rid of excess moisture in the cellar, it is not enough just to open all the ventilation holes and the manhole cover. In the cellar, the air will systematically cool down, and the moisture from it will condense, so it will not work to dry the underground room with ordinary ventilation. Humidity and condensate, even after several days of keeping the storage with the hatch open, will not go anywhere. To dry the cellar before the seasonal laying of the crop, more radical methods should be used.
There are several of the most common ways in which the drying of the room is carried out. Humidity and condensation are a big problem, but with forced drying, they are easy to get rid of.
So, you can remove excess dampness, humidity and condensate in the following ways:
- Drying a cellar or vegetable store with an iron stove.
- Drying the basement using a brazier.
- The use of the most common candles, which will improve the natural draft of air.
- The use of special dehumidifiers.
It should be noted that heating the storage with an iron stove is extremely time-consuming and troublesome, so it is recommended to abandon this method immediately. And not everyone has the opportunity to install such a stove in storage. It is better to use the remaining three methods, since it is important to dry the cellar quickly and without unnecessary hassle.
Fast drying with a roaster
You can remove excess air humidity and condensate from the cellar using the simplest brazier. This device is not large sizes(portable) is in almost any suburban economy. In any case, you can ask your neighbors.
The brazier quickly heats up the air in the room.
Before drying the cellar with a brazier, it is necessary to partially get rid of excess dampness by natural drying for several days. In this case, the brazier will only “finish off” the remaining dampness, humidity and condensate.
If you did not find a suitable device for drying or a brazier, then you can make it yourself from the simplest old bucket.
The drying process itself is as follows:
- Before drying, we open all the holes that go to the cellar (manhole, ventilation pipes).
- Next, we lower our brazier (bucket) to the bottom of the storage. You can do it yourself or with a rope and a hook.
- We kindle a fire in the brazier. It must be maintained for some time until the damp air completely leaves the room.
- According to the laws of physics, warm and dry air from the bottom of the cellar will gradually rise, displacing damp air into open holes. After some time, the cellar will dry out completely.
The principle of drying the basement using a brazier from an ordinary bucket.
Before drying the cellar in this way, it is necessary to provide for some nuances:
- To ignite the brazier, it is recommended to use sawdust and wood chips. As soon as the fire breaks out, larger wood can be thrown into the brazier. It is important that the brazier is ignited before you lower it to the bottom of the cellar.
- The heat from the fire will quickly warm up the room, bringing damp air out. In turn, dry air will quickly spread through the cellar. It is necessary that the whole room is saturated with smoke. This will get rid of any biological activity in the storage, which also negatively affects the storage of vegetables and fruits. The effect of heating the air in this case will persist for a long time.
However, the condensate in the cellar does not always disappear immediately after drying, so you need to wait a bit and, if necessary, repeat the event, as well as check the quality of the ventilation system.
Drying the cellar with a candle
If you don't feel like messing around with the brazier, there's an easier way to keep your cellar dry and damp. To do this, you need the most ordinary candle.
The candle must be placed under the exhaust pipe.
A lit candle, placed under the exhaust duct, will increase the air draft, and also allow you to get rid of dampness. It will take much longer to dry the cellar with a candle than with a brazier, but if you have nowhere to rush, then this method can be used without problems.
When using the candle drying method, it is required to increase the length of the ventilation pipe (inlet if two pipes are used). This must be done. Further, a lit candle is installed directly under the inlet of the exhaust pipe. The candle is best placed in a small container (for example, in a jar).
To give a certain impulse, which will become the beginning of air draft, it is necessary to set fire to a paper sheet in the exhaust pipe. Next, the thrust will be maintained by a candle flame.
It has already been noted above that this is a slow drying method and it can be used if you have enough time. All work on drying the cellar is best done a few days before harvesting, so that the room has time to warm up, dry out and get rid of all biological activity. With the help of a lit candle, you can dry the cellar in 3-4 days. During this time, you will have to change a few candles.
If the cellar is large, then getting rid of dampness and humidity with a candle will not work.
Air dryers
Since it is difficult to dry a large cellar with improvised means, special dehumidifiers are used to effectively get rid of moisture. These devices allow you to dry the room qualitatively, and then maintain the humidity indicator at a normal level. It is advisable to dry the air in the cellar periodically.
Appearance and scheme of operation of the dehumidifier.
Dehumidifiers are especially relevant in the commercial operation of basements and vegetable stores. Modern dehumidifiers are sold in large hardware stores, as well as in specialized departments, so there will be no problems with their purchase. For information on how to dry a cellar with a dehumidifier, it is best to ask a sales assistant who will be able to advise a model suitable for your room.
The principle of drying stagnant and damp air in the basement is that moisture always condenses on cold surfaces. The air passing through a conventional dehumidifier is cooled, and the moisture settles in a special receiver, after which it drops into a drip tray. Dehumidifiers work on the principle of cooling the air, not heating it (unlike a brazier and a candle), so the appliance will cool the cellar to some extent. However, on sale you can find such devices that at the outlet will heat the air to its original temperature.
Modern dehumidifiers work on the basis of freon (like refrigerators and air conditioners). The air will enter the dehumidifier with the help of a fan. If your home also has humid air, then a basement dehumidifier is fine for use in other areas of the building as well.
Which method to choose?
You can make the cellar absolutely dry and suitable for storing fruits and vegetables using any of the proposed methods. You should choose one or another method based on the total area of \u200b\u200byour cellar. For example, there is no need to buy an expensive dehumidifier if your cellar does not exceed 2 square meters. m. In this case, the problem of humidity is easily solved with the help of a brazier or a candle.
It will be possible to lower fruits and vegetables into the cellar immediately after all work on drying the premises is completed. It should be noted that it is not recommended to dry the cellar additionally during operation. This approach will negatively affect the quality of stored vegetables.
In order to avoid the need to often dry the cellar, it is necessary to foresee the presence of a high-quality ventilation system in advance. For small cellars, a design of two pipes (supply and exhaust) located at different heights is quite suitable. They will provide continuous replacement of air. If the cellar has a large area, then a forced ventilation device is recommended. In addition, if it is the floor of a dwelling, it will be necessary to make high-quality thermal insulation of the floor. The cold air from the storage should not be allowed to affect the microclimate in the house.
The presence of high humidity in the cellar can lead to negative consequences and create many problems. If the basement is constantly damp, it will spoil the food stored there, rot wood structures, and mold.
Excessive accumulation of moisture is especially important in winter time: due to differences between internal (in the basement) and external (soil around the foundation) temperature. In most cases, the problem occurs against the background of the lack of a ventilation system and external insulation.
Why does the basement get damp?
High humidity appears due to the following reasons:
- The ventilation system for the basement has not been installed and it is not ventilated.
- The waterproofing of the foundation was not done (or it was done poorly, or it fell into disrepair). This leads to capillary infiltration of liquid (ground and melt water) through the concrete base of the building. The problem is easy to detect: the damp walls of the basement are visible. Often the corner of the ceiling becomes damp with the formation of visible drops of liquid.
- The presence of cracks in the walls. Even small cracks lead to water seepage into the building, whether it is a house, garage or storage in the country.
- If the cellar is heated, and then the water stagnates for a long time.
What is the optimal microclimate for the basement, and how to measure it?
The normal temperature indicator is + 2 ... + 4 degrees. It is at this temperature that the safety of food stored in the basement is guaranteed for a long time.
However, for an unheated cellar, the indicators are somewhat different. In summer, at + 25 ... + 30 degrees outside, the temperature inside the room should be + 5 ... + 7 degrees. In winter, from +2 to +4 if the temperature is from -10 to -15 degrees.
The intensity of air exchange inside the cellar should be at the level of 1-2 volumes per hour. If the cellar is heavily loaded, then this parameter should be 3 volumes per hour.
Why is high humidity and condensation in the basement harmful?
The consequences of high humidity and condensation can be very different. They affect not only finishing materials, walls and ceilings, or stored products, but also the health of people entering inside.
Possible dangers:
- the appearance of fungi and mold, which are harmful to food and things stored in the cellar (especially those made of wood);
- mold and fungi pose a threat to animals and people - harm can be caused even with a short stay (it is especially dangerous for people with chronic diseases of the bronchopulmonary system to enter such a cellar);
- damage to the building itself due to the accumulation of moisture and bacterial flora: wooden products (from boards to furniture) can rot, plaster can crumble, concrete will get wet and crack, metal will rust;
- on the first floor (in rooms above the basement) dampness may appear, corners and floors may get wet.
Ways to eliminate condensate in the cellar (video)
How to dry a basement without ventilation: a list of ways
Lack of an adequate ventilation system is bad and complicates our task. But even in this case, there is a way to get rid of excess moisture (dry the room).
To dry excess moisture, you can use the following materials:
- Scatter dried sawdust. After they are soaked (when they absorb excess moisture) - throw them away and pour new ones. In this way, excess moisture cannot be completely removed, but it can be temporarily reduced. The option is far from the most effective: it should be used only if other methods cannot be used for some reason.
- You can use slaked lime. It needs to be scattered along the walls and around the perimeter of the racks. In this way, you can get rid of excess moisture and destroy colonies of pathogenic fungi. The method is slightly better, but still ineffective.
- Salt can also be used in the method described above, which also absorbs moisture well. But you need to use it only in places where moisture accumulates - since it is very difficult to remove it after the procedure.
- Carton boxes. If you have accumulated waste paper, do not rush to throw it away: the walls and ceiling of the basement can be lined with cardboard boxes. Cardboard quickly absorbs moisture, after which it will need to be thrown away and, if necessary, replaced with a dry one. This method is much more efficient than those described above: it absorbs moisture quickly and dries the surfaces quite well.
- You can use calcium chloride. Average absorption rate: 1.5 liters of liquid per kilogram of dry calcium chloride. It is enough to purchase a couple of tens of kilograms of this material and scatter it in wet places, and the next day collect and warm it up thoroughly, after which the material can be reused. The option is so-so: you will have to buy the tool, and the process itself is quite laborious and long.
- Open all the holes that are in the basement. At least it will have a door/hatch. If there are windows, even small ones, they also need to be opened completely.
How to equip the basement so that it has normal humidity?
Arrangement scheme:
- It is necessary to insulate and waterproof the room from the outside. Moisture inside accumulates either due to temperature differences (in the form of drops that appear on the ceiling and walls), or due to cracks, falling directly from the soil into the ground. A layer of waterproofing and insulation will prevent both causes.
- If possible - you need to carry out heating, or put a heating device. Since the basements are non-residential, any cheapest heater will do. Ideally, you need a device with a temperature sensor: so that it automatically turns on and off. But you can also install a conventional heater with "manual" control.
- Make an adequate ventilation system: at a minimum, air vents should be placed on two opposite walls. Ideally: make air vents on two opposite walls, and embed fans into one of the rows to blow them out so that they create forced ventilation.
The steps described above can be implemented independently, without resorting to the help of specialists.
WP_Query Object ( => Array ( => 1 => rand) => Array ( => 1 => rand => [m] => [p] => 0 => => => => => 0 => => => 0 => => => => 0 => 0 => 0 [w] => 0 => => => => => => => => => 0 => => = > [s] => => => => => => => Array() => Array() => Array() => Array() => Array() => Array() => Array( ) => Array () => Array () => Array () => Array () => Array () => Array () => Array () => Array () => => => 1 => 1 => 1 => 1 => => => 50 => =>) => WP_Tax_Query Object ( => Array () => AND => Array () => Array () => wp_posts => ID) = > WP_Meta_Query Object ( => Array () => => => => => => Array () => Array () =>) => => SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS wp_posts.ID FROM wp_posts WHERE 1=1 AND wp_posts. post_type = "post" AND (wp_posts.post_status = "publish" OR wp_posts.post_status = "acf-disabled") ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 0, 1 => Ar ray ( => WP_Post Object ( => 1306 => 2 => 2015-07-10 17:28:57 => 2015-07-10 13:28:57 =>
Their habitat:- Land.
- Clay.
- Master OK.
- Owl shovel.
How to deal with mosquitoes
.
- Geranium.
- Lilac.
- Tomatoes.
Mosquito Repellent Ventilation Mesh How to properly use basement mosquito repellent, you can also see in the video. => Basement mosquitoes and flies: how to get rid of them => => publish => open => closed => => podvalnye-komary-i-muhi-163 => => => 2016-01-18 17:27: 24 => 2016-01-18 13:27:24 => => 0 =>?p=1306 => 0 => post => => 8 => raw => index,follow)) => 1 => -1 => => WP_Post Object ( => 1306 => 2 => 2015-07-10 17:28:57 => 2015-07-10 13:28:57 => Basement flies Basement flies and mosquitoes are delivered to owners of premises enough trouble: they can carry various serious infections that can cause diseases such as typhoid fever, pinworms, helminthiasis and others, which requires fighting them.Flies are seasonal insects.Most of them are in July and August, and in places where where hot climate- in June and September. If in the summer they live next to a person, then they winter mainly in basements and cellars. What mosquito repellents for basements and flies exist, how to use them is discussed in this article. Basement treatment for mosquitoes and flies
Mosquitoes are a type of small-sized insects that often cause great inconvenience to humans. Their habitat:- Land.
- The air environment where they fly in search of prey from place to place.
How to get rid of dampness in the basement
With a reliable drainage system and no leaks in the foundation, the main reason why moisture appears in the basement can be poor thermal insulation. Penetrating through the joints in the cold season, moisture can settle on the walls and floor, and this leads to.Tip: The easiest and most budgetary way to eliminate dampness is to use plastic wrap.For her device you will need:
- Clay.
- Master OK.
- Owl shovel.
- Lay out a plastic film on the floor, which is rolled up in two layers. Then it is covered with a layer of clay no less than five centimeters thick, carefully compacted, while the film under the clay should not move. Instead of clay, it is allowed to use a concrete mixture. When dry, the solution will begin to absorb excess moisture, which will help eliminate dampness in the basement.
- Do-it-yourself backfilling of the basement floor with a layer of sand or gravel at least 10 centimeters thick. These measures are usually effective if dampness is caused by thin and uninsulated floors.
- Equip a double floor. In this case, boards are placed on the concrete floors, and sheets of roofing material are overlapped on them, preventing the appearance of dampness and excess moisture in the cellar.
How to deal with mosquitoes
The most annoying and annoying mosquitoes are species such as Culex (Culex).Basement mosquito They love to live in, where they hide from the weather in the cold season .
Females are guided by the smell of human blood and sweat, and through the ventilation ducts arranged in the houses they get into the living rooms and bite the people in them. Such nightly attacks of insects do not allow sleep, and the bite of a basement mosquito can cause various diseases. The most dangerous of them is malaria, which is most common in Asian countries. Rodents transmit various diseases, and biting rats, insects become carriers of other unpleasant viruses and bacteria. Most effective remedy in the basement from mosquitoes - special insecticides. The basement is processed, depending on the area, using a hand sprayer, as shown in the photo, or a special hot or cold fog generator, it contains special substances that can almost instantly destroy adult mosquitoes and their larvae. To combat flies, the treatment is carried out with insecticidal agents in the places of their reproduction and feeding, this will allow the destruction of insects in a fairly short time. You can get rid of their invasion or quickly destroy mosquitoes that live in the basement with almost any insecticidal household products, but the instructions for their use must be strictly observed. Basement spraying with hand sprayer How to repel mosquitoes naturally
Tip: You can use their excellent sense of smell against mosquitoes.Insects do not tolerate how many plants smell, these are:
- Geranium.
- Lilac.
- Tomatoes.
- Feverfew powder can also be successfully used, it can be purchased at a pharmacy. In this case, paper strips are prepared, which are smeared with a paste made from starch or flour, sprinkled with powder on top and then hung around the house.
Tip: It is possible to prepare a mixture from pyrethrum, which will be a good substitute for the toxic substances used in a fumigator can. To do this, you need to take 75 milligrams of ethyl alcohol and stir 10 grams of pyrethrum powder in it, the solution should be infused for one week. After that, the liquid is filtered and 15 grams of green soap and 25 milligrams of glycerin are added to it. Ingredients for the solution can be purchased at a pharmacy.
- Mosquitoes don't like the smell essential oils. To frighten insects, you need to moisten in cedar, eucalyptus or clove oil, a few lumps of cotton wool, which are then laid out in different corners of the basement or living space.
- In order for mosquitoes not to disturb a person all night, you can put a cotton swab soaked in valerian tincture or oil near the pillow.
- On the ceiling, mosquitoes help to smoke camphor smoke. On a frying pan put on fire, camphor is poured. At the same time, there should be a lot of smoke, and it is not dangerous for human health.
- Finely chopped bird cherry leaves are also effectively used, which are laid out on the window, which blocks the access of insects to the house.
- good remedy from mosquitoes in the basement can be prepared from a decoction of wheatgrass. For this, several roots of the plant are taken, crushed, poured with one liter of water and boiled well. Boiling should be repeated several times, then the broth will be as saturated as possible. The resulting liquid is filtered and before visiting the basement you need to wash it, which repels mosquitoes.
- Use of ventilation mesh.
Mosquito Repellent Ventilation Mesh How to properly use basement mosquito repellent, you can also see in the video. => Basement mosquitoes and flies: how to get rid of them => => publish => open => closed => => podvalnye-komary-i-muhi-163 => => => 2016-01-18 17:27: 24 => 2016-01-18 13:27:24 => => 0 =>?p=1306 => 0 => post => => 8 => raw => index,follow) => 0 => - 1 => 386 => 386 => 0 => => => => => => => => => => => => => => => => => => 1 => = > => => => => => => => => => => => => Array ( => query_vars_hash => query_vars_changed) => Array ( => init_query_flags => parse_tax_query))