Like any science, bibliographic typology must clearly qualify for itself the object and subject, methodology and terminological system.

The object of bibliographic typology is the state bibliography itself as an activity in all the real diversity of its existence and development, the subject is the representation of the state bibliography as a system, i.e. structured integrity in a certain way A. Filina, V. Konoplitsky. Bibliography. Economic and related activities literature 1991 - 2002 Reference manual. M.: 2010. It is the subject of bibliographic typology that becomes the main means of controlling the development and improvement of the state bibliography in all respects.

The methodological basis for the formation of the desired subject, the state bibliography as a system, is the well-known general scientific method of modeling, concretized to solve typological problems and taking into account the specifics of the state bibliography itself in the system of information activity. In this regard, we call the method of bibliographic systematization, which is based on the general scientific method of modeling, the typological method.

The main thing that needs to be put in the basis of the typological model of the state bibliography is the criterion of functionality. In other words, the main types of state bibliography should be considered those that reflect and determine its main social function - information (already - book) management.

The relationships between the subsystems of bibliographic activity are very complex and have not been fully explored. Ultimately, it is clear that they are not reducible to enumeration or even to a hierarchy, but have the character of an integral, organic system. The construction of the state bibliography according to the integral principle still encounters great difficulties, therefore we will only in some cases show the possibilities of integral, or systemic, modeling of the state bibliography.

As such a systemic criterion in relation to the state bibliography, we consider the method of information management, which reflects its main social function and is implemented as the unity of a certain set of its most significant features.

Concretizing the bibliography and, accordingly, the criterion for its systematization, reflect, as it were, the place of the individual elements of the bibliographic system in the direction from the goal - the ideal anticipation of the social essence of information management - to the need - the real implementation of information management. And here we are talking not only about the consumption of bibliographic information in society, but precisely about its consumption, which allows society as a whole, as well as its private components (collective, group, individual) to master the necessary information (so-called primary) for use in public practice. Otherwise, mastering bibliographic information, we have only a means (method), but we do not master the results social activities Vokhrysheva M.G. Theory of bibliography: textbook. allowance for universities / M.G. Vokhryshev. - Samara: SGAKI, 2004..

The most difficult are the definition and concretization, filling with the relevant components of the special and sectoral state bibliography. Usually these concepts are identified, in connection with which one of the indicated term designations is used. For example, for GOST 7.0-77, the term "industry bibliography" was chosen, which meant "a bibliography whose purpose is to serve certain branches of knowledge and (or) practice."

Special bibliography should also be understood as areas of public application, which in turn can be subdivided into subsystems of a more private order. The latter we will call the branch bibliography.

At present, more or less justifiably, one can speak of the following fundamental range of special state bibliography: socio-political, natural science, artistic, technical, agricultural, pedagogical, and medical. In turn, each of them is divided into a number of sectoral bibliographies, for example: artistic - by branches of art, socio-political - by branches of ideology, pedagogical - by branches of the public education system, etc. It should be emphasized that book publishing, as a specific area of ​​information communication, also has its own directions: in principle, they coincide with the identified areas of special state bibliography.

As a result, it is possible to form general view hierarchical version of the model of bibliographic activity as a system. The originality of this model lies in the fact that, firstly, it reflects the statics of the state bibliography to the full depth of public information activity; secondly, horizontally it reflects the dynamics of the state bibliography, and in general, all the possible variety of activity bibliographic processes. Special mention should be made of dynamic bibliographic activity. The fact is that the bibliography, as we noted above, performs its social functions as a valuable (axiological) activity process. This is reflected by the corresponding levels of the state bibliography, allocated according to the functional feature: state (accounting, signal), scientific auxiliary (evaluative, critical) and advisory, - fixing highlights the movement of social (bibliographic) information in the direction from the production of new information to its assessment of social significance and the consumption of the best, practically worked out and, therefore, true, useful information in social activities.

Certain difficulties arise in the case of a more detailed development of the above typological model of the state bibliography, and especially in the implementation of its optimal, integral version. Therefore, we will carry out further detailing on separate examples and in the form of separate blocks (modules), from which a complete and sufficiently developed for practical application typological model of the state bibliography.

Due to the insufficient scientific development of the system of public activity as a whole, special bibliography is characterized by particular complexity and problematic nature, where the most clearly specialized areas of application of book business and state bibliography are singled out in the initial, basic series.

In this regard, such a basic series in the sectoral state bibliography becomes even more complex, since here the corresponding subdivisions are formed as a result of the subsequent differentiation of each of the indicated, and in the future, other spheres of social activity. Therefore, we will build the necessary industry models using the example of pedagogical activity and, accordingly, book business. Singling out the branches of social activity in some cases is still rather conditional, but the solution of this problem is already beyond the scope of both bibliography and bibliography. In this case, we use the results of modern social sciences.

One of the most urgent and difficult tasks at the present stage of development of bibliographic science is the development of an integral typological model of bibliographic activity. The significance of such a model lies in the fact that it not only includes the initial, basic range of possible divisions of the state bibliography on a functional basis, reproduces the statics and dynamics of bibliographic development, but also reflects their dialectical interconnection, mutual transitions. In general, the integral model brings our scientific ideas closer to real bibliographic practice. Bibliography: General course ed. O.P. Korshunov. - M., 2008 ..

Thus, in our opinion, another important step towards the construction of a universal typological model of the state bibliography has been made. So far, this is still a distant prospect of bibliography. As a transitional stage, we can here offer a working version of the universal typological model of the state bibliography in one of the varieties of integral modeling - cyclic modeling. And here, for simplicity, the cyclic version is given only at the level of the universal state bibliography, since it is important for us to show the methodology of such an approach. The peculiarity of this model is that the bibliography in it appears in the necessary conditionality of such typological characteristics as historical, communicative, functional, sociological, value, statistical (quantitative), structural, component. In building such a model, our experience in developing a modern book typology can be used. At the same time, without the necessary logical and mathematical formalization, the use modern means electronic computing technology, it is impossible to create an effective and high-quality universal typological model of the state bibliography of an integral nature.

Thus, the main are four types of state bibliography, distinguished taking into account the systematization of its functional feature - the method of information management Korshunov O.P. Problems of the general theory of bibliography. - M., 2007.:

• 1) bibliography of the state bibliography (or bibliography of the second degree, or self-government of the state bibliography);
• 2) state (or signal, accounting, registration, information, search, etc.) bibliography;
• 3) evaluation (critical, auxiliary scientific, etc.) bibliography;
• 4) recommendatory (popular, etc.) bibliography.

In turn, they are modified, conditioned by the social levels of information communication - universal, special, branch and single (individual, personal, separate, etc.).

Naturally, further deepening of the proposed typological model of the state bibliography is possible in terms of other features that constituted its multidimensional criterion. But in general, they will only supplement, detail this, in principle, universal model.

In accordance with the main public functions, types of state bibliography are distinguished, reflecting its purpose. The main types include national (state), scientific auxiliary, advisory, branch, local history (regional), publishing and bookselling bibliography and bibliography of state bibliography.

The national bibliography, in accordance with international and domestic terminological standards, is interpreted as an information infrastructure that ensures the preparation, distribution and use of universal bibliographic information about the documents of any country (nation). The state bibliography is defined as an information structure whose functions include the preparation, distribution and use of universal bibliographic information about documents issued on the territory of a country (state) on the basis of state registration of the documents themselves Kogotkov D.Ya. Bibliographic activity of the library: organization, technology, management: textbook / D.Ya. Kogotkov. - St. Petersburg. : Profession, 2005. . In this case, state-territorial coverage of documents is used. The fundamental, basic role of the state bibliography is determined by the fact that it is at this level that the primary analytical and synthetic processing of the entire documentary flow is carried out, which is then reflected in the state bibliographic information compiled on the basis of uniform methodological principles. This system is of the highest level, focused on meeting the needs of society as a whole. The state bibliography is a source of scientific auxiliary and advisory state bibliography, a base for the bibliographic work of libraries and information institutions.

Scientific auxiliary and professional-industrial bibliography promotes the scientific and industrial activity of specialists in accordance with their professional needs. She pays special attention to getting acquainted with the results scientific research, introduction of innovations, advanced experience in production and practical activities, achievements of related industries. Scientific auxiliary bibliography is closely connected with the branches of science and production, and develops in accordance with them. Scientists and specialists of these branches take an active part in its creation.

The recommendatory bibliography promotes education, self-education, upbringing, enlightenment and culture. With the help of its inherent methods, recommendatory bibliography organizes the process of self-educational reading, forms new socially significant interests in readers, and broadens their horizons. Commenting on the literature offered to the reader, the recommendatory bibliography helps the choice of works for reading, comprehension and development of what has been read. One of the most important functions of the recommendatory state bibliography is the formation of a culture of reading as a necessary component of the general culture of the individual. The recommendatory bibliography is publicly available and meets the general interests of members of the society, which determines its popularization, educational and educational character. The recommendatory bibliography also serves the needs of readers who are professionally engaged in educational work.

The main public function of local history (regional) state bibliography is the creation and dissemination of information about documents dedicated to a particular area in the country. It actively contributes to a comprehensive study of the region (region), its nature and resources, social, economic and cultural life, the historical past of A. Filin, V. Konoplitsky. Bibliography. Economic and related activities literature 1991 - 2002 Reference manual. M.: 2010..

Publishing and bookselling bibliography contributes to the preparation and communication to consumers of information about the publishing and bookselling assortment of documents to facilitate their publication and sale in the wholesale and retail bookselling network.

Metabibliography or bibliography of the state bibliography is a specific type of state bibliography, its main functions are: organization of information about bibliographic aids, description and modeling of bibliographic resources, providing complex bibliographic search. Its objects are bibliographic aids of all kinds and forms. The metabibliography summarizes the development of the state bibliography.

All of the above types of state bibliography can exist in various forms in terms of chronological coverage of bibliographic sources. On a chronological basis, three types of state bibliography were gradually formed: current, retrospective, prospective. The current bibliography was formed relatively late; in Russia - since the beginning of the 19th century, when the production of printed matter took on a mass character and it became difficult for readers to keep track of the news on their own. The current bibliography releases its products regularly (periodically - usually once every half a year, quarterly, every two months, once every two months, monthly, ten days, weekly). The frequency depends mainly on the volume of production. For the same reason, the universal current bibliography informs separately about certain types of documents, while the branch bibliography informs about all or many types of documents.

The retrospective bibliography is the most ancient. From time immemorial, compilers of bibliographic aids have sought to report on all the books, publications, articles and other documents known to them. As the production of documents has grown, this desire has differentiated by types of documents and by areas of knowledge, but for all time. Since the 19th and especially since the 20th century. chronological segments of the reflection of documents began to be localized. If there was a source containing bibliographic information since the appearance of the type of documents or on a specific topic, the following manuals for the most part did not repeat them, but continued chronologically.

A forward-looking bibliography reports planned, in-progress, even conceived documents. Such information is needed mainly by the book trade and the scientific community. However, the prospective bibliographic information itself is relative. Some promised editions are not published, titles and other bibliographic information of published documents may change. But this bibliographic information exists and functions in reality, which creates grounds for singling out the type of state bibliography.

From the point of view of the subject matter of the reflected documents, there are: universal and sectoral, thematic, personal:

The universal bibliography, as its name implies, covers documents as objects, regardless of their subject matter. It organizes the preparation of bibliographic information in all or many branches of knowledge. Universal is the production of the national state bibliography, which on the scale of Russia is differentiated by types of documents (books and brochures, magazines and newspapers, geographic Maps, visual documents, etc.). Such information is needed primarily by information institutions and is the basis for the development of branch bibliographies. The alphabetical, systematic and subject catalogs of universal libraries are universal.

Since the products of the universal state bibliography are created exclusively in subtypes of the general state bibliography, its specificity is studied within the specified categories. There are no special publications on the universal state bibliography as a whole. Vokhrysheva M.G. Bibliographic activity: structure and efficiency./ M.G. Vokhryshev. - M.: Book chamber, 2004. - 200p..

A branch bibliography organizes the preparation of bibliographic information on one branch of knowledge and related activities. An industry can be broad or relatively narrow.

The sectoral bibliography develops more differentiated than the universal bibliography, corresponding to the areas of creation and functioning of bibliographic information. It is difficult to enumerate the types of branch state bibliography. The most developed are the natural-science, technical, agricultural, socio-economic, historical, pedagogical, literary, and musical state bibliographies. The names of species, in order to avoid ambiguity, are also formulated in a different order: a bibliography of public education, higher education, art, tourism, science fiction, etc. Industry state bibliographies provide information about types of documents specific to individual industries.

• - thematic bibliography, also called problem-thematic, interdisciplinary, complex. Thematic bibliographic aids can reflect a document on any hot topic within the industry, but more often their purpose is to acquaint readers with information dispersed among sources of different industries and representing intersectoral interest.
• - personal bibliography and personal bibliographic aids reflecting documents dedicated to one person - writer, scientist, public figure. This group also includes indexes of works of scientific teams and organizations.

The rapid development of a new information technology and its widespread development in bibliographic activities justify the allocation of a new type - electronic state bibliography. In contrast to it, the bibliography that used and continues to use the old technology is called traditional.

Electronic bibliography is a type of state bibliography, the technical and technological capabilities of which remove restrictions on the volume of bibliographic resources, ensure their unlimited availability in time and space, and prompt search. Such an opportunity arises due to the use of electronic, specifically computer-network technology, the emergence and development of methods and forms of functioning that are not inherent and not possible for traditional state bibliography. Electronic bibliography has emerged and is developing in competition with traditional bibliography.

Current, retrospective and prospective bibliography.

The division of the bibliography into current and retrospective is extremely significant from the scientific and practical points of view. This division is based on the feature of the functional purpose, which determines all other specific characteristics of the named bibliographic species subdivisions, including chronological (temporal) ones. Current bibliography performs the function of regularly informing about newly emerging documents and thus provides consumers with the opportunity to constantly monitor the document flow in their field, to navigate it comprehensively. Current bibliographic information can be daily, weekly, fortnightly, monthly, quarterly, etc.

Retrospective bibliography (retrospection is a "look into the past") performs two main functions: it summarizes the development of document flows over certain periods of time and provides a retrospective search in the accumulated document arrays in the course of bibliographic services and self-service. Retrospective bibliographic works of a summarizing nature always have a clear and, as a rule, well-reasoned accounting period. Typical example such sources are library catalogs or consolidated catalogs for the collections of a number of libraries. The accounting period here acts as the chronological depth of the reflected fund.

prospective bibliography, within the framework of which sources of bibliographic information about documents that have not yet been published, are only being prepared for publication, are created and communicated to consumers. These sources do not guarantee the accuracy of the information, since the publications planned for release in the course of their editorial preparation may undergo significant changes or, in general, for one reason or another, may not be published. At the same time, sources of promising bibliography, which allow one to look into the future of the document flow and navigate in it in advance, are very important.

Universal and branch bibliography serves all or many branches of knowledge. Consequently, a universal bibliography is a bibliography that relies on the formal features of bibliographic objects and in which the content of the bibliographed documents is indirectly revealed through these features.

In the industry bibliography, on the contrary, the content of documents is of paramount importance, and formal features are used, if necessary, for restrictive purposes as accompanying (additional). It is usually believed that a branch bibliography deals with the documented content of a certain branch of knowledge. Diversified - several branches of knowledge. Thematic - with literature on a specific issue that is part of a branch of knowledge.

Comprehensive bibliography (sometimes called problem-thematic) is a kind of thematic bibliography dealing with such problems (topics) that require the involvement of information from various fields of science, the national economy and culture, for the solution and study of which it is necessary A complex approach. These are problems associated, for example, with the tasks of bibliographic support for targeted, comprehensive programs for the socio-economic and scientific and technological development of society, with space exploration, with the protection environment, and many others.

Personal bibliography has as its immediate object the works of a certain person and literature about him. In the first case (as in the universal bibliography), a formal attribute (personal) is taken as the basis, and the content of bibliographic objects is predetermined by the content boundaries of the works written by the given author. If, for example, not all the works of L.N. Tolstoy and not all the literature about him are bibliographed, but only within a certain branch (for example, pedagogical works by L.N. Tolstoy or literature about the role of L.N. Tolstoy in the development of pedagogy), then in this case we will get the sources of branch personal bibliography.

At the heart of the selection of concepts local history and country history bibliography lies a combined content-territorial (i.e., content-formal) feature. In the first case, we are talking about bibliography of literature related in content to a specific locality (district, city, region, geographical area, etc.) within the country, in the second - to certain country, state.



Bibliography bibliography

bibliography of the 2nd degree, a type of bibliography, the tasks of which include information about bibliographic aids. It is carried out in the form of bibliographic indexes and reviews. Current pointers on B. b. are: in the USSR - the annual "Bibliography of Soviet Bibliography" (for 1939, 1946-65-), internationally - "Bibliographic index" (NY, 1938-65-; published 2 times a year), "Bibliographische Berichte" (Fr ./M., 1959-; published twice a year) and "Index bibliographicus" (4 ed., v. I-2, La Haye, 1959-64, lists the current bibliographic indexes of all countries at the date of publication). Retrospective international indexes on B. b. the works of J. Petzholdt (J. Petzholdt, "Bibliotheca bibliographica", Lpz., 1866) and T. Besterman (Th. Besterman, "A world bibliography of bibliographies", 4. ed., v. 1-5, Lausanne, 1965-66), as well as indexes of directories compiled by K. Winchell, L. Malkles, V. Totok, and others. I. Lenin" L. A. Levin (M., 1961), "Guide to foreign bibliographies and reference books on literary criticism and fiction" B. L. Kandel (L., 1959). See also Bibliography.

G. G. Krichevsky.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

• Bibliography
• Library

See what "Bibliography of Bibliography" is in other dictionaries:

Bibliography bibliography- type of bibliography, assignment to the swarm informing about bibliogr. allowances as independent. ed. Having emerged as a phenomenon in the 17th century, B. B. acquired creatures. value only in the 19th century. Creatures. contribution to the development of B. B. was made by G. N. Gennadi (Literature rus ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE- BIBLIOGRAPHY [from Greek. βιβλίον book and γράφω writing] THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE, information about publications related to the complex of scientific theological disciplines. The term "bibliography" appeared in Dr. Greece and originally meant "rewriting books". ... ... Orthodox Encyclopedia

BIBLIOGRAPHY- (from Greek biblion book, and graphein to write). Description of books and presentation of their content. Dictionary foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1) description of books, list of books by Ph.D. science or separate ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Bibliography- (from the Greek biblion book and ... graphics) a branch of scientific and practical activity, the tasks of which include information about printed works and their active promotion for certain public purposes. The discipline that studies... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

bibliography mountain- (a. mine bibliography; n. Bergbaubibliographie; f. bibliographie miniere; and. bibliografia minera) scientific area. practical activities, the main societies, the task of swarm is information about printed works (books, articles, patents, ... ... Geological Encyclopedia

BIBLIOGRAPHY MEDICAL- MEDICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY, one of the types of special B. B. (from the Greek biblos book and grapho I write), book description is a branch of knowledge that deals with the description of literary works. Work on B. consists of collecting, describing and systematizing ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

bibliography- and, well. bibliography f. 1. Knowledge about books; description of them. Sl. 18. Vivliography, knowledge of books. Corypheus 1 209. The most interesting science is the bibliography. The people may not have great poets or great philosophers, what to do: God did not give, it was not born ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

BIBLIOGRAPHY- BIBLIOGRAPHY, bibliographies, pl. no, female (from Greek biblion book and grapho I write). 1. The science of describing books and compiling indexes of literature. 2. what and for what. A list of books and articles on some subject or on some kind of ... ... Dictionary Ushakov

Bibliography of Yuri Nikitin- Bibliography of Yuri Alexandrovich Nikitin. Contents 1 Series "Teeth Widespread" 2 Series "Princely Feast" 3 ... Wikipedia

Bibliography on the history of Chinese philosophy- History Bibliography Chinese philosophy. Books Leontiev A. L. The experience of ancient Chinese philosophy about their moral teaching and government, with the application of a sermon. SPb., 1794. Ivanov AI Materials on Chinese philosophy. SPb., 1912. ... ... Wikipedia

Books

• Bibliography bibliography. Textbook for academic baccalaureate, Shtratnikova A.V. , The manual summarizes the picture of the achievements developed over the long history of the development of the theory, methodology and practice of bibliography of bibliography. The formation and evolution of bibliography are considered ... Category: History and theory of arts Series: Bachelor. Academic course. Module Publisher: URAIT, Manufacturer: URAIT, Buy for 652 UAH (Ukraine only)
• Bibliography of fiction and literary criticism. Part II , Evsei Ryskin , Roza Milkina , Stanislav Trubnikov , Yuri Laufer , Bibliography course textbook fiction and literary criticism" consists of two parts, including four sections: 1. Publishing of fiction in the USSR; 2. Methods ... Category: Scientific literature Publisher:

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FROMcontent

Introduction

1. The concept of bibliography

2. Types and structure of the bibliography

3. Industry bibliography

3.1 Industry bibliography. Bioecology

Conclusion

List of used literature

bibliography prospective state appraisal

Introduction

Up to 3 million articles are published annually in 35 thousand scientific and technical journals, over 150 thousand new scientific books. This phenomenon, which has become noticeable in recent decades, is sometimes called the "information explosion". In addition, over the past century, accumulated great amount books, brochures, magazines, newspapers, and other types of printed materials and handwritten materials reflecting the development of science, technology, culture.

How this rapidly growing wealth is stored and used will determine further progress. How can such wealth be used? After all, literally on every issue today there are already a lot of sources and every day there are more and more of them - the printing press of world civilization is not only not tired, but is gaining more and more strength.

This is where the bibliography comes in. "Bibliography" is a word of ancient Greek origin. It means "writing". Around the 5th century BC. in Greece, bibliographers were people who copied books. But after the collapse of the ancient world, the word "bibliography" disappeared from use for a long time. He was remembered shortly after the invention of printing. Then typographers began to be called bibliographers. It was only in the first half of the 17th century that the word "bibliography" was used for the first time in the concept of "list of references".

Bibliography is one of the most important components of science and social communications. On the one hand, bibliography is a specific branch of human activity, which helps to correctly form scientific information resources and apply them in life situations. Knowledge in the field of bibliography helps society to constantly increase the volume of bibliographic resources, improve their quality, and make these resources available to all. more users, strive to maximize the use of all the potential possibilities of the bibliography.

Typologically, in the bibliography system, at least four hierarchical levels in the bibliography system can be distinguished: universal (general) bibliography, special bibliography, branch bibliography and single bibliography (bibliography of individual areas, topics, processes, personalities, etc. ). It is noteworthy that E.I. Shamurin also distinguishes similar levels, but not according to the system, but according to the content criterion.

Purpose of the work: to consider the concept of branch bibliography.

Work tasks:

1. Expand the concept of bibliography.

2. Consider the types and structure of the bibliography.

3. Consider the concept of industry bibliography.

1. The concept of bibliography

Bibliography is a branch of scientific and practical activity, the tasks of which include information about printed works and their active promotion for certain public purposes. The development of bibliography is ensured by a system of special institutions (bibliographic service), the result of which is bibliographic products, which are a kind of reference literature.

The term "bibliography" originated in Ancient Greece and originally meant "writing". Only from the middle of the 17th century. it began to be used in the sense of "book description". The history of bibliography itself begins with the advent of printing. In the modern sense, the object of a bibliography is considered to be printed works of all kinds, handwritten books created before the invention of printing, modern manuscripts of social and scientific significance. The transformation of graphic text, due to the development of technology, the appearance of microfilms, records, and other audiovisual materials lead to a gradual expansion of the bibliographic object.

Over a long period, bibliography has developed along with literary and scientific criticism. The differentiation of knowledge has led to the separation of bibliography from these branches of activity, although the assessments given by literary and scientific criticism to printed works serve as the basis for characterizing these works in bibliography. In the study of printed works by content, the bibliography comes into contact with individual branches of science and adjoins them as auxiliary sections.

The development of the bibliography is greatly influenced by the successes of science and culture, the growth of the reader's demands of the society. In turn, the bibliography affects scientific, literary and technical creativity, publishing and librarianship, book trade, education and self-education. This is expressed in the fact that, by identifying printed works, selecting and characterizing them, the bibliography helps to summarize the development of science and create an initial base for further research; reflects the contribution of individuals, peoples or countries to the development of culture; indicates the literature necessary for studying the historiography of the issue, while introducing both new published works and old ones that have not received fame or forgotten. By propagating printed works accumulated in libraries or newly published by publishers, the bibliography promotes the dissemination of certain scientific positions, political, philosophical and aesthetic views, as well as technical improvements. It plays a large role in guiding reading and thus contributes to the formation of public consciousness.

The bibliography is closely related to scientific and technical information. However, unlike it, the bibliography provides information not about the scientific theories, ideas, facts themselves, but about the printed works in which they are presented, and has, in addition to scientific information, educational, educational and educational functions.

2. Types and structure of the bibliography

In accordance with the main public functions, types of bibliography are distinguished, reflecting its purpose. The main types include national, auxiliary scientific, advisory, branch, local history, publishing and bookselling bibliography and bibliography of bibliography.

The national bibliography, in accordance with international and domestic terminological standards, is interpreted as an information infrastructure that ensures the preparation, distribution and use of universal bibliographic information about the documents of any country. The state bibliography is defined as an information structure whose functions include the preparation, distribution and use of universal bibliographic information about documents issued on the territory of the country on the basis of state registration of the documents themselves.

Scientific auxiliary and professional-industrial bibliography promotes the scientific and industrial activity of specialists in accordance with their professional needs. She pays special attention to getting acquainted with the results of scientific research, the introduction of innovations, best practices in production and practical activities, and the achievements of related industries. Scientific auxiliary bibliography is closely connected with the branches of science and production, and develops in accordance with them.

The recommendatory bibliography promotes education, self-education, upbringing, enlightenment and culture. A recommendatory bibliography organizes the process of self-educational reading, forms new socially significant interests among readers, and broadens their horizons. One of the most important functions of a recommendatory bibliography is the formation of a culture of reading as a necessary component of the general culture of an individual.

The main public function of local history (regional) bibliography is the creation and dissemination of information about documents dedicated to a particular area in the country. It actively contributes to a comprehensive study of the region (region), its nature and resources, social, economic and cultural life, and the historical past.

Publishing and bookselling bibliography contributes to the preparation and communication to consumers of information about the publishing and bookselling assortment of documents to facilitate their publication and sale in the wholesale and retail bookselling network.

Metabibliography or bibliography of bibliography is a specific type of bibliography, its main functions are: organization of information about bibliographic aids, description and modeling of bibliographic resources, providing complex bibliographic search. Its objects are bibliographic aids of all kinds and forms.

On a chronological basis, three types of bibliography were gradually formed: current, retrospective, prospective.

From the point of view of the subject matter of the reflected documents, there are: universal and sectoral, thematic, personal:

The universal bibliography, as its name implies, covers documents as objects, regardless of their subject matter. It organizes the preparation of bibliographic information in all or many branches of knowledge. Universal is the production of the national bibliography, which on the scale of Russia is differentiated by types of documents (books and brochures, magazines and newspapers, maps, pictorial documents, etc.). Such information is needed primarily by information institutions and is the basis for the development of branch bibliographies. The alphabetical, systematic and subject catalogs of universal libraries are universal.

Since the products of the universal bibliography are created exclusively in subtypes of the general bibliography, its specificity is studied within the specified categories. There are no special publications on the universal bibliography in general.

- branch bibliography organizes the preparation of bibliographic information on one branch of knowledge and related activity. An industry can be broad or relatively narrow.

The sectoral bibliography develops more differentiated than the universal bibliography, corresponding to the areas of creation and functioning of bibliographic information. It is difficult to list the types of branch bibliography. The most developed are natural-scientific, technical, agricultural, socio-economic, historical, pedagogical, literary, and musical bibliographies. The names of species, in order to avoid ambiguity, are also formulated in a different order: a bibliography of public education, higher education, art, tourism, science fiction, etc. Industry bibliographies inform about industry-specific types of documents.

Thematic bibliography, also called problem-thematic, interdisciplinary, complex. Thematic bibliographic manuals may reflect a document on some topical topic within an industry, but more often their purpose is to familiarize readers with information dispersed across sources from different industries and representing precisely inter-industry interest.

- personal bibliography and personal bibliographic aids reflecting documents dedicated to one person - writer, scientist, public figure. This group also includes indexes of works of scientific teams and organizations.

The rapid development of new information technology and its widespread development in bibliographic activities justify the selection of a new type - electronic bibliography. In contrast to it, the bibliography that used and continues to use the old technology is called traditional.

3. Industry bibliography

A branch bibliography is a bibliography serving individual branches of knowledge or practice. Always remaining a part of a single bibliographic business, branch bibliography at the same time organically enters into the composition of individual sciences, guided by their tasks and subject to their structure and features. Therefore, each individual branch bibliography can be considered as an auxiliary discipline in the respective field. In domestic bibliographic theory and practice, the concept of "branch bibliography" has been used since the 1930s. 20th century instead of the broader concept of "special bibliography".

The development of a branch bibliography is connected with the needs of the respective branches of knowledge. In cases where documentary sources of information become the subject of study of a branch (for example, in archeology, history, textual criticism, literary criticism), branch bibliography receives the status of an auxiliary scientific discipline, performing heuristic and summarizing functions. There are synthetic forms of presentation of critical bibliographic information.

In relation to branches of knowledge, the branch bibliography performs heuristic functions (assistance in finding literature and other documents on the branch), summarizing (summing up this literature and documents), managerial (influencing the user's choice of this literature and documents). In relation to those branches of knowledge that are based on the study of documentary sources of information (art history, history, etc.), branch bibliography is also an auxiliary scientific discipline. It performs its functions through a set of bibliographic publications (manuals), which tend to form a system, reference and bibliographic apparatus of libraries and information institutions (catalogs, card indexes, databases), book and article bibliographic lists, bibliographic information in periodicals, as well as in radio and TV shows.

In Russia, the first sectoral bibliographic aids were the "Catalogue" and the cartographic "Reestr" (1748). In the 18th century there appeared sources devoted to Russian history, economy, theater and dramaturgy. Developing in accordance with the needs of science and practice, as well as the book trade, bibliography in Russia in the 19th century. covers an ever wider range of industries - Russian history, geography, statistics, economics, jurisprudence, Agriculture, natural sciences, bibliographic sources appear on the history of literature, music, and fine arts. In the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. the bibliography of physical and mathematical, natural sciences, technology, as well as the bibliography of Slavic studies and law, developed intensively. Large retrospective manuals have appeared on important industries for Russia. Types of manuals have been formed - current (yearbooks) and retrospective, forms of review and abstract information in scientific journals.

Trends in defining industry bibliography:

Informational approach - with the help of the criterion of the content of bibliographed documents. This position is based on the view of branch bibliography as a set of bibliographic manuals of branch content. O. P. Korshunov expressed this position very clearly: the concepts of “universal bibliography” and “branch bibliography” are significantly related to the composition of the literature reflected in them, but not to the service area (appointment), as stated in the standard. The same point of view is presented in the textbook, where sectoral and universal bibliographies are distinguished on the basis of the content of objects of reflection, and not on the basis of public purpose as general and special.

- Transitional from the informational approach to the activity one. D.D. Ivanov defines a branch bibliography as "a bibliography that summarizes the literature on a particular branch of knowledge."

- Transitional. S. A. Trubnikov believes that "Industry bibliography is a type of bibliography, the public purpose of which is the production and purposeful dissemination of information about printed works related to one industry or a complex of branches of knowledge and / or practice."

There are three largest complexes, within which there is a content specificity, which leaves an imprint on the bibliography of the relevant industry complexes:

a) a bibliography of natural science, technical, biomedical and agricultural literature (physics, astronomy, mathematics, chemistry, earth sciences, energy, electrical engineering, electronics, radio engineering, communications, industry, construction, transport, biology, medicine, agriculture);

b) bibliography of socio-political literature (philosophy, ethics, aesthetics, religious studies, history, archeology, ethnography, anthropology, sociology, psychology, political science, law, economics, business);

c) bibliography of fiction, language sciences, literary criticism, culture, art and sports (prose, poetry, dramaturgy, folklore, linguistics, philology, art history, architecture, painting, sculpture, music, theater, cinema, physical culture, sports, etc.) d.).

3.1 Industry bibliography. Bioecology

1. Bockris, J. Chemistry of the environment / J. Bockris. - M.: Chemistry, 1982. - 672 p.

2. Sorokin, N.D. Environmental protection at the enterprise in 2009 / N.D. Sorokin. - St. Petersburg: VIS, 2009. - 695 p.

3. Biological control of the environment: bioindication and biotesting / Ed. Melekhova O.P., Egorova E.I. - M.: Academy, 2007. - 288 p.

4. Biological encyclopedic dictionary /Ch.ed. M.S. Gilyarov. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1998. - 864 p.

5. Reims, N.F. Nature management: Dictionary-reference book / N.F. Reims.- M.: Thought, 1990. - 637 p.

6. Akimova, T.A., Khaskin, V.V. Fundamentals of eco-development: Proc. allowance / T.A. Akimova, V.V. Haskin. - M.: Russian Economic Academy, 1994. -312 p.

7. Radkevich, V.A. Ecology: Textbook / V.A. Radkevich. - M.: Higher School, 1997. - 328 p.

Conclusion

The bibliography plays a very important role in the development of science. Collected together and placed in chronology, their appearance of descriptions of scientific publications is the most valuable material for judging the history of a scientific discipline or a specific problem, they show bursts of interest in discoveries, methods, on the contrary, fading when the unreliability of the published data, the inapplicability of the method, etc.

The main ones are four types of bibliography, distinguished taking into account the systematization of its functional feature - the method of information management: bibliography of bibliography; state; appraisal; recommended bibliography.

In turn, they are modified, conditioned by the social levels of information communication - universal, special, branch and single (individual, personal, separate, etc.).

A branch bibliography organizes the preparation of bibliographic information on one branch of knowledge and related activities. An industry can be broad or relatively narrow.

The development of a branch bibliography is connected with the needs of the respective branches of knowledge. The sectoral bibliography develops more differentiated than the universal bibliography, corresponding to the areas of creation and functioning of bibliographic information.

Among the many subspecies of industry bibliography, three of the most important complexes can be distinguished:

1. bibliography of socio-political literature;

2. bibliography of fiction, literary criticism,

culture and art;

3. bibliography of natural science, biomedical and

technical literature.

In cases where documentary sources of information become the subject of study of a branch (for example, in archeology, history, textual criticism, literary criticism), branch bibliography receives the status of an auxiliary scientific discipline, performing heuristic and summarizing functions. There are synthetic forms of presentation of critical bibliographic information.

List of used literature

bibliographyindustry

1. Vaneev, A.N., Minkina, V.A. Reference book of the bibliographer / A.N. Vaneev, V.A. Minkina. - St. Petersburg: Profession, 2003. - 560 p.

2. Diamidova, G.N. Bibliography. Tutorial/ G.N. Diamidova. - St. Petersburg: Profession, 2003. - 288 p.

3. Grechikhin, A.A. General bibliography / A.A. Grechikhin. - M.: Publishing House of MGUP, 2000. - 85 p.

1. Drawing up a bibliographic description: brief rules. - Ed. 2nd, add. - M.: Prince. Chamber, 1991. - 220 p.

2. Standards for library and information activities / comp. T. V. Zakharchuk, O. M. Zusman. - St. Petersburg. : Profession, 2003. - 576 p.

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GOST 7.0-99 “Information and bibliographic activity, Bibliography. Terms and definitions” characterizes bibliography as “Information infrastructure providing preparation, dissemination and use of bibliographic information”. Bibliography exists in both traditional (book, printing) and electronic versions and is aimed both at the development of the book and information culture of the individual (society), and at the identification, distribution, search, finding and use of fixed texts (documents).

Bibliographers distinguish the following main types of bibliography: national (state), scientific auxiliary, advisory, sectoral, local history (regional), publishing and bookselling, and bibliography bibliography.

Despite the fact that in the types of bibliography named above, national and state bibliography are, as it were, synonymous concepts, bibliographers give them different definitions. So,

· National bibliography- This is a type of bibliography that ensures the production and dissemination of bibliographic information on a complex of national-ethnic, territorial-state characteristics.

· State Bibliography is a bibliography that ensures the production and dissemination of information about the country's documentary production. Its tasks include the most complete accounting of all documents created or published on the territory of the state and information about them in special publications.

IN Russian Federation bibliographic accounting of documents is entrusted to the Russian Book Chamber, which is the center of the state bibliography. The Book Chamber, as a bibliographic institution, on the basis of a free legal deposit, registers, records and stores printed works published in the country.

Scientific auxiliary bibliography- this is a type of bibliography that is aimed at the implementation of intellectual access to scientifically significant documents and is thus a component of the scientific and information support of science that satisfies the information needs of specialists involved in research activities.

The auxiliary scientific bibliography is also adjoined by the professional and industrial bibliography, which provides the information needs of specialists in various fields of practical activity, the national economy, management, culture, etc., realizing their access to documents of professional and industrial purpose and content.

Recommended bibliography promotes education, self-education, upbringing, enlightenment and culture. One of the most important functions of a recommendatory bibliography is the formation of a culture of reading as a necessary component of the general culture of an individual. In addition to the fact that the recommendatory bibliography is designed to meet the specific interests of individual readers, it can also assist readers in the professionally engaged teaching and educational process.

Local history (regional) bibliography- This is a type of bibliography that provides the need for information about documents devoted to a particular area (territory, edge, region). This type bibliography contributes to the study of the region, the region, its nature and resources, social, economic, cultural life, historical past.

Regional bibliography intersects with local history bibliography, the object of which is literature associated with a certain territory in terms of content, place of publication, and other criteria.

Publishing and bookselling bibliography contributes to the preparation and communication to consumers of information about the range of publishing and bookselling documents to facilitate their publication and sale in the wholesale and retail bookselling network.

Bibliography bibliography- a specific type of bibliography dedicated to information about bibliographic aids, which is represented by universal and sectoral bibliography of the second and third degree.

All named types of bibliography can exist in different forms in terms of chronological coverage of bibliographic sources. This is the current bibliography, including papers currently produced; retrospective - documents for any historical period time; perspective - publications planned for publication.

From the point of view of the subject matter of the reflected documents, there are:

- universal bibliography and universal bibliographic aids, which includes documents in all branches of knowledge, including materials selected according to formal criteria (typological, territorial, state, chronological, etc.)

- industry bibliography- a type of bibliography related to a particular branch or to a complex of branches of knowledge or practice.

Bibliographers identify the three most important, in their opinion, complexes of branch bibliography:

1) bibliography of socio-political literature;

2) bibliography of fiction, literary criticism, culture and art;

3) bibliography of natural science, biomedical and technical literature.

- subject bibliography(it is also called problem-thematic, intersectoral, complex). Thematic bibliographic manuals can reflect documents on any actual topic within the industry, but more often their purpose is to familiarize readers with information dispersed among sources from different industries and representing inter-industry interest;

- personal bibliography And personal bibliographic aids, reflecting documents dedicated to one person - a writer, scientist, public figure, etc. This group also includes indexes of the works of scientific teams and organizations.