How else to call male dignity. Male reproductive organs What is the name of manhood

A rare representative of the stronger sex does not care about his own manhood, and diseases of the genital area, as a rule, are psychologically difficult to tolerate and often cause a depressive state if there is dysfunction of the penis. In order to understand whether this important organ functions correctly, it is necessary to know what structure the member has. We will talk about this below.

The structure of sexual dignity is well studied by anatomists, as are the functions of this important organ. There are 2 parts:

1. A root attached to the bones of the pubic joint. Otherwise, the root is called the base.
2. A trunk ending in a head.

In addition, the back of the penis is isolated, which is the upper surface of the shaft.

If we talk about the internal structure of the male penis, then it includes:

• 2 cavernous bodies (corpus cavernosum, corpus cavernosum). They are cylindrical anatomical formations with anterior ends hidden under the head of the penis. The posterior pointed sections of the cavernous bodies - the legs - diverge and attach to the pelvic bones.
• The spongy body (corpus spongiosum, corpus spongiosum), inside which is the urethra. The spongy body at the base ends with a bulb, and in front passes into the head. The diameter of the spongy body is approximately 1 cm.

The thickening of the head and 2 cavernous bodies is called the corolla, which is limited by the coronal groove towards the base of the penis. The cavernous bodies of the penis are fused together and are covered from above with a single membrane called the squirrel. It forms a barrier between them. Numerous branches - trabeculae - depart from the protein membrane deep into the spongy and cavernous bodies. Due to this feature, the structure of the penis is cellular.

The cellular structure allows the penis to function normally. Caverns, that is, cells, are filled with blood during sexual arousal, which provides an erection. The structure of the head does not provide for a cellular structure, so it always remains soft. A similar feature of the structure helps the implementation of sexual intercourse: the head is a kind of shock absorber between the delicate tissues of the female genital organs and the hard tissues of the male penis.

One unpaired and two paired bodies are covered with fascia - paired and unpaired. Fascial sheets thicken at the root of the penis, where they pass into the tendons of the perineum. Above the fascia is the skin.

Some young people, especially those who have just entered puberty, note the presence of a certain number of small subcutaneous painless pimples on the skin of their own dignity. The thing is that the penis has a certain amount of sebaceous glands. In a normal situation and subject to the rules of personal hygiene, their work is invisible. During the period of hormonal adjustment in adolescence or with poor hygiene, the ducts of the glands are clogged, which leads to an increase in the size of the glands due to the accumulation of contents.

The structure of the penis provides that there may be a small amount of hairs and moles on the skin. A man should not detect any other formations. Any rashes, growths - a real reason to seek advice from a specialist.

Urethra

As mentioned above, the urethra is located inside the spongy body. It opens with a hole in the head. Functions of the urethra:

1. Isolation of sperm.
2. Diuresis.

The structure of the urethra is a hollow tube. In the normal state, the urethra is closed and is a gap into which the tubules open against the flow of urine.

Special thickening of the skin

On the head of the penis has a special thickening of the skin - a fold called the foreskin. In the lower part, it is connected by the frenulum of the penis, which is a longitudinal fold, with the head. The frenulum does not allow the foreskin to move beyond a certain limit.

The anatomical feature of the structure of the foreskin is that as it grows older, it undergoes changes:

• In newborn boys, physiological phimosis is observed, that is, the inability to expose the head.
• With age, the head opens completely painlessly.

On the foreskin itself there are numerous glands that secrete a secret - smegma. In adult males, smegma can accumulate in a "pocket" called the preputial cavity. The sebaceous secret is a good breeding ground for microorganisms, so it is extremely important for any man to maintain hygiene in order to avoid possible inflammation.

Also, many peoples living mainly in a hot climate practice the removal of the foreskin at an early age. It is possible that circumcision is associated with climatic features and a high frequency of inflammatory reactions in boys and men. Later, this practice was overlaid with a religious aspect.

Above the connective tissue membrane, the penis has a small layer of subcutaneous fat. Outside, the penis is covered with thin skin, richly supplied with vascular and nerve endings, which are especially numerous in the head area.

blood supply

It is impossible to imagine that the penis will function normally without a normal blood supply. The flow of blood to the penis is provided not by a single artery, but by a group of vessels:

1. Anterior scrotal arteries originating from the external genitalia.
2. Dorsal artery originating from the internal pudendal artery.

The listed arterial highways supply blood to the external structures of the organ. Internal formations receive blood supply as follows:

• From the deep artery of the penis.
• From the dorsal artery of the penis.

Both vessels are smaller branches of the internal pudendal artery.

The outflow of blood is equally important. Venous blood flow is represented by:

1. Deep vein of the penis.
2. Vein of the bulb of the penis.

They flow into the vesical plexus, then through the ascending vascular system - into the internal pudendal vein.

oh those dimensions

A description of the structure of a man's sexual dignity would not be complete without mentioning the size. It's no secret that a member can have a different volume and length, but is there a norm?

According to the ideas of anatomists, the average size of the penis is:

• 5–10 cm when not erect.
• When excited, the length of the penis increases to 14–16 cm, although recent studies by French surgeons revealed that the average length of an erect organ in the group of subjects was about 10–10.5 cm, which further confirms the variability in the size of manhood.

A member of more than 18 cm is called giant, and 16 cm is simply large. The average diameter of the reproductive organ is 3–5 cm.

As for small sizes, there are the following gradations:

• Up to 2 cm when stretched. Such a member is called a micropenis.
• Up to 9.5 cm in the excited state. Member is considered small.

Many believe that penis size correlates with the size of the nose or the thickness of the fingers, but such hypotheses have not been confirmed. There is a definite connection with height, nothing more.

If we return to the aforementioned study of French surgeons, the scientists noted that in most situations the problem of the size of sexual dignity is contrived by a man. Most operations correcting the size are carried out at the insistence of the representative of the stronger sex, and not according to vital signs.

What about form?

There are several forms of male sexual dignity. A member can be:

1. Cylindrical. Member has approximately equal base and head.
2. Pointed. Member has a wide base.
3. Mushroom. The head of the penis is massive, and the base is relatively thin.

Note that some men may experience penis curvature. The angle of curvature may be different, which in some situations will cause discomfort.

A bit of physiology

Speaking of physiology, we naturally mean the possibility of sexual intercourse - one of the main functions of the penis. Maximum excitation occurs during stimulation of the sensitive nerve endings of the head, which is one of the main erogenous zones of a man. Conventionally, the whole process can be divided into 2 parts:

• Excitation. When excited, blood rushes to the reproductive organ through a well-developed vascular system. It enters the cells described above, formed by the processes of the fascia. As a result, the cavities of the cavernous bodies expand and the penis increases in volume and length.
• The next stage - the final or climax - of sexual arousal is considered to be an orgasm and ejaculation, normally accompanying it invariably. During the climax, the muscles of the vas deferens actively contract, which leads to ejaculation.

Without the normal implementation of sexual function, another important function is impossible - reproductive. Of course, the opportunity to conceive a child is of great importance for almost every person. Therefore, sexual function and childbearing function are practically inseparable.

In general, the length of sexual intercourse is a rather variable concept, as is the size of the penis. The main thing is satisfaction from the process, and this largely depends on the man's confidence in his own abilities. Therefore, it is necessary to work on this part of the question, unless, of course, everything is in order with the anatomy and functions of the organ. Good luck!

The testicle (testis; Greek orchis, s.didymis) is a paired male gonad. The function of the testicles is the formation of male sex cells and hormones, so the testicles are also the glands of external and internal secretion.

Spermatozoa and spermatogenesis

Male germ cells - spermatozoa - are mobile cells about 70 microns long. The spermatozoon has a nucleus, cytoplasm with organelles and a cell membrane. The spermatozoon has a rounded head and thin long tail. The head contains a nucleus, in front of which is a structure called the acrosome.

epididymis

The epididymis (epididymis) is located along the posterior edge of the testis. Distinguish a rounded extended upper part - the head of the epididymis (caput epididymidis), passing into the middle part - the body of the epididymis (corpus epididymidis). The body of the epididymis continues into a tapering lower part - the tail of the epididymis (cauda epididymidis).

vas deferens

The vas deferens (ductus deferens) - a paired organ, is a direct continuation of the duct of the epididymis and ends at the confluence with the excretory duct of the seminal vesicle. The length of the vas deferens is about 50 cm, the diameter is about 3 mm, and the diameter of the lumen does not exceed 0.5 mm. The wall of the duct has a considerable thickness, so it does not collapse and is easily palpable in the composition of the spermatic cord.

seminal vesicle

The seminal vesicle (vesicula, s.glandula seminalis) is a paired organ, located in the pelvic cavity laterally from the ampulla of the vas deferens, above the prostate gland, behind and to the side of the bottom of the bladder. The seminal vesicle is a secretory organ. Its glandular epithelium secretes a secret containing substances necessary for the nutrition and activation of spermatozoa.

Prostate

The prostate gland (prostata, s.glandula prostatica) is an unpaired muscular-glandular organ. The gland secretes a secret that is part of the sperm. The secret liquefies sperm, promotes sperm motility.

bulbourethral glands

The bulbourethral gland (glandula bulbourethral, ​​Cooper's gland) is a paired organ that secretes a viscous fluid that protects the mucous membrane of the wall of the male urethra from irritation with urine. Bulbourethral glands are located behind the membranous part of the male urethra, in the thickness of the deep transverse perineal muscle.

External male genitalia

The external male genital organs are represented by the penis and scrotum.

Penis

The penis serves to remove urine from the bladder and eject semen into the female genital tract. The penis consists of an anterior free part - the body (corpus penis), which ends with the head (glans penis), which has at its top a slit-like external opening of the male urethra (ostium urethrae externum). At the head of the penis, the widest part is distinguished - the crown of the head (corona glandis) and the narrowed - the neck of the head (collum glandis). The back part - the root of the penis (radix penis) is attached to the pubic bones. The upper front surface of the body is called the back of the penis (dorsum penis).

The scrotum (scrotum) is a protrusion of the anterior abdominal wall, which has two separated chambers for the male gonads. The scrotum is located downward and behind the root of the penis. Inside the scrotum and in each of its chambers is the male gonad.

The male reproductive system consists of two main parts - the external genital organs, located outside, and the internal genital organs, which communicate with the external ones. Male external genitalia arranged in such a way that they allow him to have sex and take part in procreation.

Prostate- a gland that secretes a liquid with nutrients for spermatozoa, which are the main component of sperm.

Urethra- the channel through which sperm is ejected at the time of ejaculation.

Penis- an organ designed for intercourse in order to introduce sperm ejected at the time of ejaculation into the woman's vagina.

Testicle- a male gland that produces spermatozoa (gametes, or male sex cells) and produces male hormones (androgens).

seminal vesicle- a gland that produces a secret that is part of the sperm and serves as a habitat for spermatozoa, the secret contains nutrients for spermatozoa.

vas deferens- a canal that crosses the prostate, through which spermatozoa pass from the vas deferens and secretion from the seminal vesicle to the urethra.

Appendage- a tube in which the spermatozoa produced in the testicles mature before being thrown out.

Scrotum- a skin pocket located behind the penis, in which the testicles are located.

The penis is a cylindrical organ located in the lower part of the torso, inside which the urethra passes. It is divided into three sections: the root, the place where the penis connects to the torso; the body of the penis, or its central part, and the end, or foreskin, at the end of which is the opening of the urethra. Outside, the penis is covered with skin; the skin of the root and body of the penis is no different from the usual, but the surface of the glans penis is very sensitive and covered with a mucous membrane. The skin covering the head is called the foreskin and can move.

The peculiarity of the penis is its ability to change size and density when it is in an excited state. This is possible thanks to three cylindrical bodies located inside the penis and consisting of a special erectile tissue, which consists of numerous partitions of conjunctive and muscle fibers that separate many small connecting cavities, which, under certain conditions, for example, in response to a sexual impulse, are filled with blood, followed by an increase in the size and density of erectile tissue. Two of the three bodies are cavernous symmetrical bodies located one next to the other in the upper body of the penis; the third is a spongy body, located in the center behind the cavernous bodies, where the urethra passes, the end of which expands in such a way that it occupies the entire internal space of the head.

The scrotum is a type of skin pocket hanging from the root of the penis that contains the testicles. The testicles must be in this position because the temperature in the abdominal cavity is higher than that at which the testicles can produce sperm. Therefore, the wall of the scrotum consists of several layers, the outer of which is formed by thin folded skin with more or less deep wrinkles, under which there is a muscle layer; the degree of its contraction or relaxation changes the depth of wrinkles on the scrotum, which contributes to the thermoregulation of the testicles.

Secondary sexual characteristics appear during puberty under the influence of hormones. On the one hand, hormones are responsible for hair growth: in men it is higher than in women, and hair grows on the chest; the area covered with pubic hair becomes diamond-shaped and almost reaches the navel; the hairline on the forehead becomes straight; mustaches and beards begin to grow on the face. Also, the muscles in men develop stronger, the shoulders and back become wider than in women, and the hips, on the contrary, narrower. On the other hand, there is a deposition of subcutaneous fat in different places: in men, it mainly accumulates on the abdomen, and in women - on the hips and muscles. And finally, under the influence of male sex hormones, the larynx is rebuilt in men and the voice becomes lower than that of women.

Kelly. Fundamentals of modern sexology. Ed. Peter

Translated from English by A. Golubev, K Isupova, S. Komarov, V. Misnik, S. Pankov, S. Rysev, E. Turutina

External male genital organs are more visible and accessible than female ones. As in women, they are primarily important as a source of sexual pleasure, while the internal organs play a large role in reproduction, but this division of functions is not so clear-cut in men.

Just like in women, the external genitalia of men are often considered as organs providing the functions of sexual arousal, while the internal structures are more associated with reproduction. But the distinction between these two functions in men is much less distinct.

Testicles and scrotum

The testicles, or seminal glands, are the male sex glands (gonads). A pair of testicles is located in the scrotum, and their main function is the production of spermatozoa and the secretion of testosterone, a hormone that regulates sexual development. Latin name for testicles testis- the same root as the word "witness": there was an ancient custom to take an oath by placing a hand on the genitals.

A pair of male sex glands, the testicles (they are also seminal glands), are formed in the abdominal cavity during the development of the fetus. A few weeks before birth, the testicles gradually displace through inguinal canal down into the outer leather scrotum bag. In a small percentage of newborns, the testicles do not descend properly into the scrotum, and some of these cases require medical attention. After puberty, the testicles perform two main functions. The first is the production of testosterone, a male sex hormone that plays an important role in the development of male secondary sexual characteristics and can influence behavior to some extent. The second function is the formation of millions of spermatozoa, germ cells necessary for human reproduction.

Each testicle is internally divided into several lobes. The lobes are made up of a densely tangled mass of seminiferous tubules within which spermatozoa are formed. Each of these filamentous tubes, when unfolded, will have a length of 30 cm to 1 m. Interstitial testicular cells (Leydig cells) are located between the seminiferous tubules, which produce testosterone (therefore, these cells are also called interstitial endocrinocytes). These cells are located in close proximity to the blood vessels, so that the hormone easily enters the bloodstream. The seminiferous tubules at the end unite and form larger ducts, which eventually merge into even larger vas deferens. Immature spermatozoa from the seminiferous tubules move along them due to the undulating contractions of the latter and enter the vas deferens, and from there into a dense network of convoluted tubules located behind and partially above each testicle and forming the epididymis, or epididymis. Here the sperm cells complete their maturation and become ready to leave the body. The epididymis opens into a large duct leading from each testicle into the abdominal cavity. Through this seminal duct, spermatozoa during sexual activity enter theseminal vesicles.

The skin of the scrotum before puberty is quite smooth and light. During puberty, the testicles and scrotum enlarge, and under the influence of hormones, the skin of the scrotum darkens and wrinkles somewhat. Having the testicles in this outer leather pouch is essential; since spermatozoa can only be produced at a temperature slightly below normal body temperature. One zoologist suggested that evolution led to the outward position of the testicles in those mammals that led a physically active lifestyle, and the temperature factor played a secondary role, but this theory has not been widely accepted (Blackman, 1996). The testicles are suspended in the scrotum by the muscles that elevate the testicles (cremaster muscles) to help regulate their temperature. When cold (such as swimming in cold water) or under stress, these muscles, like the tissue that forms the scrotum, contract, pulling the testicles closer to the body to protect and warm them. In heat (such as in a hot bath), these muscles and the scrotum itself relax and the testicles descend further from the body, which will reduce their temperature. In an adult male, the testicles are approximately 3-4 cm long and 2-3 cm in diameter. To some extent, they are able to move inside the scrotum. One of the testicles usually hangs slightly lower than the other, and in most men this is the left testicle, but in left-handed people, as a rule, the right one is lower. Obviously it doesn't really matter. The scrotum is richly innervated and the testicles are very sensitive to pressure or shock. Most men find gentle stimulation of the testicles and scrotum sexually arousing.

Traditionally, while playing sports, men wear sports braces to keep the testicles close to the body and protect them. Nevertheless, according to historians, in ancient times, athletes usually competed naked. There is now some evidence that during exercise the muscles that lift the testicles actually contract, thus providing natural support and protection to the seminal glands. However, when body temperature rises, they relax again, causing the testicles to descend and making them more vulnerable to injury. Younger athletes are no longer wearing traditional sports braces, preferring stretch briefs for a more natural feeling of support. Some even limit themselves to sports shorts that provide little support for the testicles. But there is evidence that serious injury to the testicles, causing pain and swelling for a day or more, may be associated with subsequent infertility. This leads some sports physicians to recommend wearing a protective cup made of hard plastic over the genitals in all contact sports.

Self-examination of the testicles and male genital organs

Men should have their genitals examined at least once a month. Appropriate lighting and sometimes a mirror should help with this self-examination. Examine the skin under the pubic hair and carefully examine the glans and body of the penis. If you have not been circumcised, you may need to pull back the foreskin to see the glans. Pay attention to any swelling, abrasions or rashes in any area of ​​the genitals. They may be reddish or pale in color. It is also important to remember to inspect the skin under the penis, as this area is often overlooked. Also be aware of any soreness in the genitals and any itching or burning sensation when urinating or around the opening of the urethra. Although many of these symptoms do not necessarily indicate a serious medical condition, you should consult your physician or urologist or andrologist about them.

Testicular cancer is a relatively rare disease, with fewer than 5,000 new cases diagnosed each year in the United States. First of all, it is a disease of young men aged 20 to 35 years. With early detection and treatment, the patient's chances of survival are very high. But if treatment is not given within the first three months, the survival rate drops sharply to around 25%. Therefore, it can be critical for a man to get into the habit of regularly examining his testicles, looking for any swelling or other unusual symptoms.

The best time to do a testicular self-examination is immediately after a hot shower or bath, as the heat causes the testicles to droop and the skin of the scrotum to relax. It is necessary to place the index and middle fingers under the testicle, and the thumb on top of it, and then gently roll the testicle between them several times. Finding any abnormal bumps is more likely on the anterior side of the testicle.

Here is one of the best testicular self-exams. Choose a time after a hot shower or bath when the testicles hang freely in the scrotum. Gently roll each testicle between your thumb and fingers, paying particular attention to any small, hard bumps that may be felt directly on the front or sides of the testicle. These swellings are usually painless. Do not worry when you manage to feel the epididymis located behind and on top of each testicle. Although not all swellings are cancerous, any such growths should be reported to the doctor immediately for further examination. Other symptoms that should be considered suspicious and worth discussing with a doctor include any feeling of "heaviness" in the testicles, accumulation of fluid in the scrotum, swelling of the lymph nodes in the groin or any other discomfort there, as well as any swelling or tenderness in the area. nipples.

If testicular cancer is diagnosed, the usual treatment involves surgical removal of the entire testicle. The other testicle remains in its place and is quite capable of producing the required amount of male hormones on its own. Sexual function usually does not cause any damage. An artificial testicle filled with gel may be placed in the scrotum for cosmetic reasons. Men should become familiar with this self-examination procedure as a potential life-saving measure.

Penis

The penis, or penis, is the male organ for urination and intercourse. In the thickness of the spongy body passes the urethra, through which urine and sperm are excreted.

Just above the scrotum is the male reproductive organ, called the penis, or penis. The sensitive rounded and smooth tip of the penis is called the glans. The glans penis contains many nerve endings, making it especially sensitive to sexual stimulation. The two most sensitive parts of the head are the frenulum, a thin stretched strip of skin on its underside that connects the head and body of the penis, and the corolla, which is a protrusion along the inner edge of the head. The opening of the urethra is located at the top of the head. At birth, the head of the penis is partially covered by a fold of skin called the foreskin or prepuce.

The long cylindrical part of the penis is called the body of the penis. The skin in this part of the penis is able to move quite freely, thus allowing the possibility of an erection. Inside the body of the penis are three cylinders capable of erection, i.e. filling with blood, tissues supplied with many blood vessels and richly innervated. Two parallel cylindrical formations - cavernous bodies- form the upper and lateral parts of the penis. The third, somewhat narrower cylinder is located on the underside of the penis and is called spongy body. The penis is important not only as a male sexual organ for sexual activity and reproduction, but also as an organ through which urine leaves the body. The duct through which both seminal fluid and urine can move inside the penis - the urethra, or urethra - is located inside the spongy body and stretches inward to the bladder, taking in the duct that removes sperm along the way.

Erection

An erection of the penis occurs primarily due to an increase in blood flow to the spongy and cavernous bodies during sexual arousal. The physiological process of erection is also influenced by other factors, such as spinal reflexes and emotions.

During sexual arousal, the three cylinders inside the penis fill with blood, which leads to an increase in the diameter and length of the penis, and it becomes harder and takes a position approximately perpendicular to the human body. This state is called an erection, and it is usually necessary for successful sexual intercourse. However, some men can experience orgasms without getting an erection. During an erection, three cylinders of erectile tissue can be felt individually. An erection of the penis occurs in several stages, including an increase in blood flow to the erect tissues and a decrease in the outflow of blood from them. The penis lengthens and expands to its maximum size, gradually, with continued stimulation, becoming quite hard. Sometimes the erect penis has a slight curvature, often to the left. Unless the curvature is caused by some kind of injury or disease (which is extremely rare), this circumstance does not affect the possibilities for sexual activity in any way.

The erection of the penis is controlled by reflex nerve centers located in the spinal cord, and for the most part is an involuntary reaction. However, the cerebral cortex also contributes to this process, as it is intricately connected to the “erection center” in the spinal cord. Thus, reflex and thought processes can jointly stimulate or suppress an erection. Even in people whose spinal cord has been damaged and the connection between the erection center and the brain is broken, physical stimulation of the penis causes an erection, although the brain is not aware of sensations in the penis (Sporer, 1991).

Only recently have we become more fully aware of the real mechanism of erection. Two muscles in the perineum (behind the scrotum) bulbocavernosus and ischiocavernosus, show a burst of activity just before an erection. This activity appears to be closely related to increased arterial blood flow to the penis. Thus, the muscles and blood vessels together ensure the maintenance of an erection. For many years, it was thought that the veins leaving the penis somehow "shut off" to keep it filled with blood, but studies don't support this. Recently, it has become known that during sexual arousal, the nervous system stimulates the release of nitric monoxide (nitric oxide) by the walls of the blood vessels of the penis and nerve endings in this area. The smooth muscles surrounding the arteries of the penis are in a contracted state when there is no erection. Nitrogen monoxide causes relaxation of smooth muscle cells, allowing the lumen of the arteries to increase so that the flow of blood rushes into the free spaces of the erect tissues and fills them. An increase in blood pressure inside the penis causes compression of the veins, which can no longer drain blood from the penis in the same mode, so it fills with blood and an erection occurs. It is quite common for men to experience some weakening of erection if they think of something else when they are sexually aroused. This happens because the nerve impulses from the brain stop stimulating the release of nitric oxide and its production decreases. As a consequence, smooth muscle cells begin to contract again and arterial blood flow decreases. Erection is undoubtedly a complex phenomenon, involving a carefully balanced interaction between the nervous system, the nitric oxide excretion system, muscle tissue and blood vessels.

penis size. Almost every man is concerned about the size of the penis, but sufficiently extensive research on this topic has not yet been carried out. A survey of 112 college students found that men were much more likely to rate their penis as average or below average than other physical dimensions. None of them indicated that his penis was much larger than average. These results indicate that men often correlate their self-esteem with their body image and that they tend to underestimate the relative size of their genitals in response to societal pressures and social expectations ( Lee, 1996).

A 1949 medical article offers the results of some measurements, but gives little indication of how they were obtained. The studies of Kinzie and Masters and Johnson were inconclusive. In 1995, two urologists from the University of California at San Francisco performed a standardized penis measurement on a group of men at San Francisco General Hospital. They found that the average size of a non-erect penis is 8.9 cm long and 9.9 cm in circumference. When erect, the average size is 13 cm in length and 12.5 cm in circumference. Approximating their results using a standard Gaussian statistical curve, the researchers concluded that the average length of an erect penis would fluctuate between 7.1 and 18.3 cm. For the 2% of men whose erect penis is shorter than 7.1 cm , and 2%, whose penis is longer than 18.3 cm, its dimensions can be recognized as below or above average (McAninch & Wessels, 1995). Masters and Johnson found that an erection works in an equalizing way, since a smaller penis increases in size to a greater extent than a larger one. This leveling effect has been confirmed by a recent study ( Jamison & Gebhard, 1988), in which penises in an unexcited state were divided by size into two groups: short (average 7.9 cm) and long (average 11.2 cm). It was shown that penises from the short group increased by an average of 85% as a result of erection - up to 14.7 cm, while penises from the other group only increased by 47%, reaching an average of 16.5 cm. Similarly, more narrow penises increase in diameter after erection.

It is obvious that the penis can be different in length, thickness and shape, while fully maintaining their functional qualities. Although some men and women prefer larger penises in their sexual activity, there is no reason to believe that a man can be a completely satisfying sexual partner because of his larger penis. In heterosexual intercourse, there are special physiological reasons for this. The inner two-thirds of the vagina during sexual arousal expand (in all directions). The outer third (the part closest to the entrance), on the contrary, narrows, covering the penis. It is this part of the vagina that accounts for the main sexual sensitivity. In addition, women are able to contract the muscles of the vagina. There was no evidence of a correlation between the size of the body or any organ and the size of the penis.

Capitalizing on this needless preoccupation of men with the size of their penis, advertising offers many ways to "enlarge the penis." Most of them involve the use of some type of "suction device", in which the penis is inserted into a plastic chamber, and then some of the air is pumped out using some type of pump. Typically, such stimulation causes an erection in men, which means “increase in size”. However, such devices can cause damage to the penis if too much vacuum is applied. Television talk shows also welcome cosmetic surgeons who offer penis enlargement surgery.

One of these procedures turned out to be too risky. It involves cutting some of the internal ligaments at the base of the penis, which should allow the part of the penis enclosed within the body to be somewhat "protruded" outwards. In fact, scarring can lead to worse erections or to retraction of the penis, making it appear even shorter. Clinical research shows that many men who have undergone penis enlargement surgery are completely dissatisfied with the results. Experts recommend not considering surgical options if the penis erect does not fall into the "below average" category, i.e. less than 7.1 cm in length, and if the man does not experience serious functional problems caused by the size of the penis during sexual activity (McAninch & Wessels, 1995).

Controversy surrounding male circumcision. When a boy is born, parents may decide to remove his foreskin through a surgical operation called circumcision, after which the glans penis is always left open. Until recently, most men in the United States were circumcised, but in Europe and Canada, this procedure was performed much less frequently. Sometimes circumcision is part of a religious ritual - for example, in Judaism. The other most commonly cited reason for circumcision is hygiene. It was assumed that young men would find it burdensome to learn to pull back the foreskin and wash the head of the penis and thus allow a substance called smegma to accumulate there, which in turn could lead to infection.

Recently, conflicting views have been increasingly expressed regarding the widespread practice of male infant circumcision. Some complain that there is generally no legal basis for such a procedure, especially given the risk involved with any surgical procedure (Potter , 1989). Since sometimes the operation is performed without anesthesia, babies are likely to experience quite a lot of pain. Groups fighting the practice of circumcision argue that the pain represents additional trauma for the newborn that can have long-term negative consequences. But recently, the use of anesthesia in the form of spino-penis nerve block has become standard procedure. ( dorsal penile nerve block)allowing painless surgery Williamson, 1990).

The circumcised penis keeps the glans open, which helps keep it clean and supposedly reduces the risk of cancer. In the case of an uncircumcised penis, very rarely there may be a narrowing of the foreskin, called phimosis, in which it cannot be pulled back from the head.

Surgical removal of the foreskin was used as early as 4000 BC in ancient Egypt. Among the reasons for this procedure were ritual, religious and medical. The operation depicted is usually applied to infants, but adults can sometimes be subjected to it.

One of the medical problems cited as a reason for circumcision is phimosis, or narrowing of the foreskin that makes it impossible to move back. But opponents of circumcision object that spontaneous erections can occur even before birth and that it gradually stretches the foreskin so that by the age of six, in almost 100% of cases, the skin of the foreskin can be pushed back without any difficulty. If the real problem arises later in life, circumcision can also be performed at that time. Proponents of the same views believe that in infants the foreskin should be narrow and non-displaceable in order to protect the opening of the urethra from feces or other possible irritants. Uncircumcised adult men appear to be more likely to contract some sexually transmitted diseases, including gonorrhea, syphilis, and AIDS (Cook, Koutsky, & Holmes, 1994). However, there is no indication that circumcision has any effect on men's sexual receptivity.

In the 1960s, 95% of boys in the US were circumcised. American Academy of Pediatrics ( American Academy of Pediatrics) first made her point in 1971, pointing out that "there is no medical indication" for mass neonatal circumcision. During the 1980s, there was a marked decrease in the number of circumcisions, and by the end of 1986, only 59.4% of male infants were undergoing the procedure ( SIECUS Report , 1987). However, in the last years of this decade, it became clear that this trend has given rise to an increase in the number of urinary tract infections in infant boys, which can lead to kidney complications. A review of medical records of 427,698 infants born over a 10-year period in US Army hospitals found that not circumcising increased boys' risk of such infections by 11 years. pa h (Wiswell et al ., 1987). In early 1989, the American Academy of Pediatrics revised its position, recognizing that circumcision had "potential medical benefits and benefits," though not recommending the procedure for mass adoption. The head of a specially created academy group on the problem of circumcision spoke in his support. He believes that the long-term preventive effect outweighs the possible risks of surgery ( Schoen, 1990).

CASE FROM PRACTICE. JACK: A MAN'S CONCERN WITH HIS BODY

Jack was in his final year of college when he went to a counselor to discuss his relationship problems with other people. He looked depressed and complained about his shyness around women. After two meetings with a counselor, he began to speak more frankly about his concerns about his body. He was born with an undescended testicle, and all attempts to bring the testicle down in scrotum in childhood ended in failure. Before going to college, he had an artificial testicle implanted in his scrotum because he was afraid that one of his testicles might be missing in the shower. However, he was disappointed with the prosthesis because, in his opinion, it did not look or feel like a real testicle.

Jack was also concerned about the size of his penis and mentioned that he asked for more information on penis enlargement surgery after seeing an advertisement in one of the men's magazines. It seemed that this preoccupation with his body was part of a more general complex of insecurity in his life. The consultant answered Jack's questions about sexuality and gave him a few books to read from which he could learn more about the anatomy and physiology of the male body.

Eventually the consultant spoke to him about his reticence in dealing with women. It was obvious that part of his uncertainty was due to his concern that in a sexual encounter a woman might notice either his artificial testicle or a penis that was too small for him. Reading the provided literature helped Jack to make sure that the size of his penis is quite within the concept of "average", and he abandoned the idea of ​​an expensive and risky operation. Together with his consultant, they continued to work on gaining more confidence in communication, and Jack gained an understanding of how he could tell his partner about his testicle before having sex with her. This seems to have helped him feel more at ease in his relationships with women.

Definitions

testicles - a pair of male sex glands (gonads) that produce sperm and male sex hormones.

Scrotum - musculoskeletal sac in which the testicles are located.

TESTOSTERONE - the main male sex hormone produced by the testicles; due to its influence, secondary sexual characteristics are formed.

SPERMATOZOID - male sex cell, which is formed in the testicle; fuses with the egg during fertilization.

seminiferous tubules - a system of densely packed tubes in the testis in which spermatozoa are produced.

INTERSTITIAL CELLS - cells located between the seminiferous tubules and producing testosterone and other male hormones.

VAS deferens - a system of tubules larger than the seminiferous tubules in the testis, into which newly formed spermatozoa enter.

EPIDIDIMIS - a tubular structure in each testicle in which spermatozoa mature.

SEED DUCTS - ducts that carry sperm from each of the testicles to the seminal vesicles.

PENIS (PENIS) - the male sexual organ, capable of erection when stimulated, through which urine and semen are expelled from the body.

HEAD OF THE PENIS - sensitive rounded tip of the penis.

bridle - a thin stretched strip of skin on the underside of the head, is highly sensitive.

COLORS - protrusion along the inner edge of the head.

URETHRA - a duct that runs from the bladder to the outlet at the end of the penis.

ERECTION - enlargement and hardening of the penis as the smooth muscles of the arterial vessels relax and blood fills the cavernous and spongy bodies.

PENAL BODY - the main cylindrical part of the penis, consisting of two cavernous and one spongy body.

CIRCUMISSION (MALE) - surgical removal of the foreskin.

PHIMOSIS - a condition in which the foreskin is too narrow and cannot be pulled back.

How to call male dignity in another way
SMS that came to energy fm =)
Unfortunately, we cannot read all sms messages on the air. Here is the complete list of the message dated 29-11-2007.

What is another way to call male dignity
(Let's laugh!)

Someone has a bolt, someone has a bolt, and someone has such a small bolt
Sword of justice. Smart
Yes, no matter how they called him, they licked him more often! Armored aircraft.
You can call it "Screamer"
Club of power.
Manhood-Yaldyk or bolt)
Manhood - can be called Alyosha
Stop laughing, otherwise I’ll drive a joule into someone
Druzhok smart
Hairy motor scooter Gavin
Balloon bait. Seryoga
If you didn’t enter the vocational school, then you go to the traffic police!
...want to ride in a (leather mustang with a red headlight). And my wife calls him (my
braiding) Signature: Rat Moscow.
It is also called the holy spring and the owner of my second soul. Lyolya
It is also called jade root. Nicolas
Meat lollipop. Sasha
Mona is called baldaris, halibut, at worst, if everything is indecently bad, then a finch.
beauty indicator
Kukan Boyarsky
PipironiPlow
Well, Sam obviously has an "eggplant". Pavel
Buddy
Decoy.
Osemezator
Shnyaga, kalabah. And if it's dark, like Simon's, then it's a mamba. Vladimir.
To make the girls sweat the hell out of need and not the perpetrators! Vadyukha
Chocolate Simon
Mister moose or mr fak. They sent a safon and gu.
I SUGGEST YOU CALL- MR. SIMOOOON.!
After 2 years of service in the Navy, I know for sure that I have a MAST between my legs !!! Durya Kurgan.
We just did THIS on the Moscow Ring Road!
Trunk, Jaga-Jaga! Kesha.
You can simply and modestly -TRAKHTOR ... Dima
One-eyed snake
Protein syringe, red plowman, hair pipe, pocket Garynych, here is a small
list of penis rattles. Guys on black boomer
ONE-EYED MINER!!!
ben johnson or hosepipe
Pipiska! Pashka.
My husband and I call his primary sex sign Mr. Minor.
copy machine
I call mine the hairy-wheeled leather mustang! VEGETABLE
Tiny boss. Maxim.
Barsik or Murzik. Masha from Moscow
My wife affectionately calls my penis "Tyutyushka" Anton :-)
Curly moth.
I propose to call "shaggy geologist"
Bulldog
feeder.
Meat thermometer. Lena
Navigator!
nuclear warhead
Kolbaska!
feeder
Snag of justice.!
pipe
One-eyed boa
My wife calls him simply - "boy" ... (Ex: "want to kiss the boy ?!")
Leather trombone, jonic, armageddon! depending on the mood
Vchera pridymali nazvanie DZHIN, potresh" po zhivotiky... Andreiotlichnoe shoy y vas,
thank you!
Balda. Miner. Trunk. Jackhammer. Pox.
My beloved calls him Little Raccoon. Although 19 cm. Sanya.
I'm a bone ryabtsev from Moscow, I call manhood-bold in real life!
pipe
I call him an unruly hollow tyk! Emil g.Agryz
Urode Mw s drygom nazwvaem ego mr Dick,a ee just Pussy
And you can also call him PIPIDON
Gate! No matter how you name it, distort it anyway! Pashka.
Let's call it "Depardieu's nose". Well, look at the portrait of Gerard and find at least
a couple of differences. Olga from Kurgan
Lamp post
Cheek pad or oral simulator. Pavel
Hello. At my last job, some kind of burnt aunts called among themselves the male
dignity
CHEPIK. Irina.
Chlen-hobatok katya
Rolled motorolar!!
Gadik. Where he put it and shit.max
moray eel .. deep in a cave where the deepest diver cannot reach
Piston
Leather flute, stump of justice, kukan, peak of communism, spectacle snake.
Hello, this Victor from Moscow, this member is LOLLIPOP.
Helmeter
Whatever you call it, it won't be sweeter in your mouth! Malik.
I suggest naming the offshoot. Masha
Let's call it a hanger or a hat. Igorek and Boryan on sable!
MY GIRL CALLS HIM TOWEL SERGEY BELGOROD
Little engine..he makes choo-choo! Lena. Moscow.
My friends taught my 2 year old son to call him Pipindorik.
Depo
Hat or crock
Cartilage of love. Big from Moscow.
Mediator
Big uff
KAIFUSHA
Boslik!
Carlo
Hairy scooter!
Yes, IT'S just a HAT or some kind of scoundrel, and so I'm satisfied with the SNAKE
Officer korchik.maxim
Shnyaga. Zhenya
leather knife
pressure lever
hair tube
It has long been called Vyrzezanno censorship!
Cornflower, pendant-husband Gubashlebka, cap, female
Classification of the members of one of my familiar aunts. 1. Shekotunchik is a merry fellow.
2. Undercore - teardrop. 3. Catch-spirit. Jlblcblu =)
Soldier, Probe, Drill. *Aleksey Stockmann*
Python.29.
Walking cigar. Zhenya
Old man-mohovichok
One-eyed Mustang! CAESAR
Tail or Peter 1. Galya from Moscow.
A stubborn horse. I have him stand! And he's not worth it!
Yummy, earthworm.
And I call it RED BOGOTYR
Rag!
Pepper!
Sledge with click
hairy motor scooter
BOOMBASTIK WITH BLACK MAYONNAISE.
shelled corn
Third hand. Zhenya
Manhood can be called a spade. Sanek.
Gimlet. Olya from three hills.
Tail
Bananza
Magic fork!
you can call it a hairy scooter))
Morozo-Abetaevich Simonovich
TRUNK!
Riddle: grew, grew, grew, crawled out of the hair, all hairy. What is it? Corn cob.
Anyutka.
Whatever you call a yacht, that's how it will float.
You can also call him a prince or a sweetheart
How do you "shikatunchik".
Wild hamster, feeder, sucker
Continuing the theme of mushrooms - who has a boletus, and who has a morel
talker
Baby bird in the nest
Wart
Whistle
Depth gauge
I call it gag or bolt...
Shrimp!
My friend's name is Vasya and he calls him Vasek (lifeguard)
You can call it a cardan, a camping cigar, a plug, and you can also offer a lick
I suck. Nikolay.
Size doesn't matter, let them call it invisible! Pashka.
And what about the boletus
Hello. Happy birthday to me! Thank you. Nadia
"ELDA" in so I have one girlfriend called.
Mi s moim parnem nazivaem ego "Petya"! V detstve detyam tak said "ti Petyu pomil"?
Anya-Lipki
A man's penis seems to me the center of the brain when the head turns off, he still continues
work
You can call it sluggish, leathery, shnyaga, shaggy elephant
Bolt, agile worm, pepper. Kostyan
PeretzAlex
Pipette
Transmission! Nadia from Balashikha
Sword, and when deflowered they say, they stab!
Naboldzhnik, bolt, pin, red hero.
Leather StakeBlood Vostok rules!
Icicle, Candy, Boy, Junior... *Aleksey Stockmann*
It can be called a lustful bayonet. Artemon.
Chupa Chups
Elda. ;-) southerner
Bolt
Overpass! Pashka.
BananaAlex
Anaconda
Chuvapchich