Konstantin Paustovsky is a wonderful Russian writer who went through two wars and wrote many books imbued with kindness and love. His story "Telegram" cannot leave anyone indifferent, it touches the most delicate spiritual strings. In the article you will find a school essay on the topic main idea this work and the position of the author.
The "Telegram" tells about an elderly woman, Katerina Petrovna, who lives in the village in her father's house. He was a famous artist, traveled to countries and cities, communicated with famous people. Katerina Petrovna is looked after by the neighbor girl Manyushka and the watchman Tikhon. They do it disinterestedly, just like that, from a pure soul.
Katerina Petrovna has a daughter, Nastya, who went to Leningrad, and very rarely visits her mother, does not write letters, only sends money that is completely unnecessary for a woman. Nastya herself worked as a secretary in the Union of Artists, organized exhibitions and competitions. She helped artists and sculptors exhibit their work and become famous. She did not have time to escape to her mother in the village.
Suddenly, at the next exhibition, Nastya receives a telegram “Katya is dying. Tikhon. After reading it, she did not understand who it was about, crumpled up a piece of paper and threw it into her bag.
At the exhibition, everyone applauded her, and she kept thinking what kind of telegram. She raised her eyes and saw a sculpture of Gogol, who looked at her reproachfully and with her appearance helped to understand who Katya and Tikhon were.
Nastya arrived in the village two days after the old woman's funeral. She wept in an empty house all night, went to the grave and went back to the city stealthily so that no one would notice her.
The main idea of the story
This story advises us to never forget our parents, to show our love for them more often, to express care, despite all our busyness and passion for everyday affairs. After all, parents are the most precious thing in life, their life is not eternal, and at any moment they may be gone. Paustovsky himself speaks of this very precisely in his other work, in The Book of Wanderings: “Perhaps, looking at the back of a person who is leaving forever is the worst thing that one has to endure.”
The position of the author in the story "Telegram"
The image of Gogol well demonstrates the author's own view of what is happening, shows his attitude towards Nastya and her actions. The sculpture in Nastya's imagination constantly condemns her behavior, that is, it is a kind of voice of conscience. Why Gogol? And not Pushkin, for example, or some other famous Russian writer? As you know, one of Gogol's most popular works is the poem Dead Souls. And a daughter who demonstrates such indifference to the mother who raised and raised her can also rightfully be considered dead soul. We remember how Tikhon, turning to Manyushka, says that goodness must be repaid with kindness, not to be ungrateful, otherwise such a person is not a person at all, but a “kestrel”.
The story "Telegram" describes a strange paradox, which Paustovsky very accurately noticed - we express concern for unfamiliar people, but for some reason we completely forget about those closest to us. About those who really need us, who love us like no one else and never more. After all, Nastya really helps an unfamiliar sculptor, but does not respond to her mother's last letter. At the end of the work, Nastya finally realizes her guilt, but it's too late. The author leaves the heroine unforgiven, because the one who could forgive her is gone forever.
And in conclusion, I want to recall the words of Cicero: "Love for parents is the basis of all virtues." It is impossible not to agree.
An irreparable mistake was made by Nastya - the heroine of the story by K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The girl, being the only daughter, left her elderly mother alone at a great distance. For three years Nastya did not visit the poor old woman. The only sign of her attention was a monthly transfer for Katerina Petrovna for two hundred rubles with a note: “There are so many things to do that there is no time, not only to come, but even to write a real letter.”
The young girl loved her mother, but the work did not let her go. Ekaterina Petrovna understood this, and therefore tried not to disturb
Daughter once again and very rarely wrote letters to her.
I don’t know what caused it more, old age or longing for the only native person, but the vitality began to fade in the old woman. Then the elderly woman decided to write a letter in which she begged her daughter to come even for a day, feeling that she would not survive this winter.
Nastya received the letter, her heart sank, but she was too busy organizing the exhibition. Two weeks later, the girl received a telegram from a neighbor that Katerina Petrovna was dying.
The meaning of what was written did not immediately reach the heroine. Even at that moment, it was easier for her to come to terms with the fact that she would not have time
Say goodbye to mom. But after a few seconds, it was like an electric shock: “How could this happen? After all, I don’t have anyone in my life.”
At the same moment, Nastya went to the railway station. The journey took several days. Katerina Petrovna never saw before her death the only native person on earth.
If only time could be turned back! Nastya realized the mistake and incorrectly set priorities. But it was too late. All that is left for the girl is a longing for her mother and an endless sense of guilt.
Essays on topics:
- October was cold and rainy. Katerina Petrovna began to find it very difficult to get up in the morning. She lived in an old house built by...
- Starting to read the story "Telegram" by Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky, I assumed that it would be about some kind of story in the war, since the work ...
- The story "Dark Alleys", written in 1938 in pre-war France, takes us back to Russia in the early twentieth century, at a time when...
- The problem of indifference of people to each other. “Indifference is a paralysis of the soul,” wrote the famous Russian writer A.P. Chekhov. Really,...
from Paustovsky's story "Telegram"
Attitude of a person towards parents, indifference towards relatives
Very often, children forget about their parents, plunging into their worries and affairs. So, for example, in the story of K.G. Paustovsky's "Telegram" shows the daughter's attitude towards her aged mother. Katerina Petrovna lived alone in the village, while her daughter was busy with her career in Leningrad. The last time Nastya saw her mother was 3 years ago, she rarely wrote letters, she sent her 200 rubles every two or three months. This money worried Katerina Petrovna a little, she re-read a few lines that her daughter wrote along with the translation (that there is no time not only to come, but also to write a normal letter). Katerina Petrovna missed her daughter very much, listened to every rustle. When she became very ill, she asked her daughter to come to see her before her death, but Nastya did not have time. There were many cases, she did not take her mother's words seriously. This letter was followed by a telegram stating that her mother was dying. Only then did Nastya realize that "no one loved her as much as this decrepit, abandoned old woman." She realized too late that there had never been anyone dearer than her mother in her life and never would be. Nastya went to the village to see her mother for the last time in her life, to ask for forgiveness and say the most important words, but she did not have time. Katerina Petrovna is dead. Nastya did not even have time to say goodbye to her and left with the realization of "irreparable guilt and unbearable severity."
The problem of loneliness, indifference towards relatives
No person deserves to be alone. Even worse are situations when people become lonely who are not really alone in this world. This happened to the heroine of the story K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram" by Katerina Petrovna. In her old age, she was left completely alone, although she had a daughter. Loneliness destroyed her every day, the only thing that kept Katerina Petrovna was the expectation of a meeting with her daughter. She waited three years, but only a couple of days were not enough for her. Very often, indifference towards loved ones kills more than illness. Perhaps if Nastya was more sensitive, then the sick person would not have to die alone.
Guilt
Guilt is a feeling that is familiar to any person. Guilt becomes especially terrible in cases where a person does not have the opportunity to correct the situation, as in the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The main character Nastya showed callousness towards her mother. She did not come to her, because she was busy with her own affairs. She was not with her mother when she was ill. Nastya did not take the last letter from her mother seriously. For this reason, she did not have time to tell her mother that she loves her, she could not ask for forgiveness for not coming. Nastya realized her mistakes too late: Katerina Petrovna died. Therefore, all the words remained unsaid, and a terrible feeling of guilt remained in the soul. There are actions that cannot be corrected and there is guilt that nothing can atone for.
The classic of Russian literature K. G. Paustovsky is famous not only in his homeland, but throughout the world as a wonderful master of the word. His prose is striking in its brilliance and accuracy of words. Each work of the writer shows love and attention to the beauty of nature, to people who feel and understand the music of the surrounding world.
Avoiding everyday impressions and words, Paustovsky notices something touching and unusual in the surrounding landscape. And in the same way, the writer, without touching on the biography of the heroes, turns to the life of feelings, depicts the dialectic of their soul, selecting those little things that will help the reader see a person, feel and capture the source of his experiences.
The art of seeing the world
Tireless romantic, sensitive the world, Paustovsky, with enthusiasm and poetry, paints picturesque pictures of nature - exciting, luxurious, full of majesty and splendor. A person who hears the music of rain, the whisper of the surf, feels the gentle splashes of water and the breath of flowering earth, also sensitively hears the slightest vibrations of the human soul.
The love with which Paustovsky treated the world around him and the people around him permeated his works. The warmth and beauty of the writer's language, the depth and figurativeness of the narrative from the writer's heart went to the reader's heart and touched those strings of the soul, the existence of which the reader had no idea before meeting Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky.
The story of one photo
Connected with Konstantin Paustovsky's "Telegram" real story that took place in 1964. A popular singer and actress came to Moscow on tour. She wrote that at the Moscow airport she immediately asked the journalists who met her about Paustovsky. When Marlene drove up to the hotel, she already knew that the writer was in the hospital. G. Arbuzova, stepdaughter of Konstantin Georgievich, said in an interview that Paustovsky wanted to attend a concert by Marlene Dietrich, but at that time he was very ill. And so, accompanied by his doctor V. A. Konevsky, the writer went to where she performed.
After the concert, the film legend answered questions. And when Marlene was asked what her favorite writer was, she replied that she loved Paustovsky. The translator Nora approached her and said that the writer was in the hall. Marlene stood and peered into the audience, expecting him to come up onto the stage. But, being a very shy person, Konstantin Georgievich did not get up. And when the audience began to applaud, encouraging him, Paustovsky went on stage. Marlene, without saying a word, knelt before the writer and pressed his hand to her tear-filled face.
The evening dress of the actress, embroidered with stones, was so narrow that the threads began to burst, and the stones rained down on the stage. Everyone froze for a moment. The inaccessible goddess kneels and kisses the hands of a Soviet writer. Then the huge hall rose slowly and uncertainly, timid solitary claps were heard in the silence, and then a real storm began - a flurry of applause. When Marlene was helped to rise from her knees, she quietly said that Paustovsky's story "Telegram" shocked her. And since then, she considered it her duty to kiss the hand of the writer who wrote it.
Characters of the story "Telegram"
Konstantin Georgievich recalled that he created many things in the region, including the story "Telegram". Paustovsky did not indicate the date of writing, but the story was first published in the eighth issue of the Ogonyok magazine in 1946. The plot of the story is simple: without waiting for the arrival of his daughter, old woman dies. The daughter, who received a telegram about her mother's illness, gets to a distant Ryazan village only the next day after the funeral.
The characters in this story are two groups: the inhabitants of the village of Zaborya and Nastya's entourage. Katerina Petrovna, the daughter of a famous artist, lives after his death in the village of Zaborye in a house built by him. The first group also includes her fellow villagers: the neighbor's daughter Manyushka, the postman Vasily, the watchman Tikhon and the old people who buried Katerina Petrovna.
The second group of people is concentrated around Nastya, the daughter of Katerina Petrovna, who left for Leningrad many years ago. This group of heroes of Paustovsky's "Telegram" includes the sculptor Timofeev, whose exhibition Nastya is engaged in, and his more successful colleague Pershin, and the old master, alarmed by the telegram that Nastya received.
Speaking about the work of Paustovsky, one must bear in mind that his works carry a special semantic load. Also, the characters, whom the writer seemed to mention in passing, actually play an important role - they reveal the moral problems that worried the author. Partly to understand them will help and summary Paustovsky's story "Telegram" and the analysis presented below. In parallel, we will consider both the details that emphasize the topic and the problems raised by the author.
Katerina Petrovna
There were bluish cloudy days in October, this year it was unusually rainy. Katerina Petrovna found it increasingly difficult to get up in the morning. She lived out her days in the old memorial house built by her father. After his death, the house was protected by the regional museum. Pictures hung on the walls, in which nothing could be made out: perhaps they had faded from time to time, or perhaps Katerina Petrovna's eyes had become hard to see.
The story "Telegram" by Paustovsky begins with a description of gloomy autumn weather, and a small detail stands out against its background - a sunflower near the fence. The autumn landscape seems to convey the state of Katerina Petrovna, and the sunflower emphasizes lonely old age.
The last occupant of the house looked at Vestnik Evropy gathering dust on the shelves and thought that there was no one in Zaborye to talk to about pictures, about Paris. Not to talk about this with Manyusha, the neighbor's daughter. Every day she ran to bring water, then sweep the floors. Katerina Petrovna gave the girl ostrich feathers, old gloves and a hat, to which Manyusha replied that she would sell them for scrap.
Another one important detail, which pays attention to K. G. Paustovsky in the "Telegram" - memorabilia that the old woman gave. She didn’t give away as unnecessary, but gave things dear to her, which became a part of Katerina Petrovna’s life, things that, as it turned out, no one but her needed.
And in the cruel loneliness
Sometimes an old watchman came in, who still remembered Katerina Petrovna's father. He cleaned dead trees in the garden, sawed and chopped firewood. And he always asked if Nastya wrote. Without waiting for an answer, he left, and Katerina Petrovna began to cry. And only the kerosene night light seemed to be the only living thing in the old house.
This small detail emphasizes the loneliness of the heroine of the Telegram. Paustovsky strengthens the problem, showing the immensity of her loneliness, with the words "without weak fire." The old woman was so lonely that even the light of a night lamp helped her, otherwise Katerina Petrovna did not know how to live until morning.
Mother did not receive letters from Nastya, but the postman Vasily brought money transfers from her daughter, which informed that Nastya was very busy, there was no time even for a letter. One night someone knocked on a gate that had been boarded up for several years. The old woman went out to see who was knocking, but there was no one there.
And Paustovsky again emphasizes the theme of loneliness in the Telegram - a gate that has not been opened for several years.
Katerina Petrovna stopped on her way back near a maple tree, which she planted as a young girl. He stood yellowed and chilled, and there was nowhere to go from the shelterless windy night. She took pity on him and went home.
On the same night, she wrote a letter to her beloved daughter and asked her to come at least for a day. She said that she was very ill and would like to see her before her death. Manyusha took the letter to the post office and pushed it into the box for a long time, as if looking inside. But there is only a tin void.
It seems that what is unusual about the fact that the mail tin box is empty? But K. G. Paustovsky in the “Telegram” puts a meaning into every detail: emptiness is the soullessness of his daughter.
Daughter Nastya
Another heroine of Paustovsky's story "Telegram" is Nastya. She left Zaborye many years ago. She lived in Leningrad and worked in the Union of Artists. I was engaged in the organization of competitions and exhibitions, which took a lot of time. Even here is a letter from the mother and then there is no time to read. "Writes, so she's alive," Nastya thought. She hid the letter in her purse without reading it and went to the workshop of the sculptor Timofeev.
An analysis of Paustovsky's "Telegram" shows that the author raises serious moral problems: the disunity of close people, their distance and unwillingness to show feelings. For three years, Nastya did not see her mother, who never bothered with reproaches and complaints. And, having received news from the dearest and closest person, she hid the letter without reading it. With these words, the writer emphasized the indifference and callousness of the heroine.
A dank autumn wind also got into the studio of Timofeev, who talked about how warm it was in the studio of his colleague Pershin. Timofeev complained of cold and rheumatism. Nastya promised to help him and asked the artist to show her Gogol. Timofeev went up to the sculpture of the great writer and pulled off the fabric from it. Nastya shuddered. A round-shouldered man looked at her mockingly, and she saw a sclerotic vein beating on his temple.
Why did Paustovsky choose Gogol's sculpture? As you know, the great satirist had amazing ability guess the person. What did Paustovsky mean by this? Analysis of the "Telegram" shows that in the story the author also raises the topic of the impact of art on a person. It seemed to Nastya that Gogol was looking at her mockingly, as if he had discerned her ostentatious kindness and callous soul. Nastya immediately reproaches herself that the letter is in her purse unopened.
Telegram
For two weeks Nastya worked on organizing the exhibition. On the opening day, well-known artists and sculptors came to discuss and praise Timofeev's work. The courier Dasha entered and handed over a telegram, the meaning of which did not reach Nastya immediately. At first, she thought that it was not for her, but the return address, where the word "Fence" was written, dispelled her doubts. Nastya frowned, crumpled the telegram, and listened to Pershin's speech, who showered thanks to her, noting that in the person of Anastasia Semyonovna, caring for a person had become a reality.
In Paustovsky's story "Telegram", Nastya's indifference and responsiveness stand side by side. Responsive to strangers, she reacted indifferently to her mother's letter. And it would seem that, having received a telegram that the closest and dearest person is dying, she had to run to her mother with all her might in order to have time to see, hear and hug her at least once more. But Nastya crumpled up the telegram. In a nutshell, while care was rushing from the pulpit, the author expressed the cruelty, hypocrisy, indifference of his daughter.
The old artist, preoccupied with Nastya's thoughtful appearance, came up, touched her hand and asked if the telegram had alarmed her so much. Nastya said that the telegram was from a friend, nothing terrible happened, but all evening she felt a piercing and heavy look on herself. Who could it be? Nastya raised her eyes: Gogol was looking at her, smiling.
The work “Telegram” Paustovsky continues with the words from Katerina Petrovna’s letter: “My beloved,” mother addressed Nastya. Nastya sat down on a bench and cried. She realized that no one had ever loved her like her mother. That same evening, Nastya left for Zaborye.
fence
Tikhon went to the post office, whispered something to Vasily, carefully scribbled something on a telegraph form, and trudged over to Katerina Petrovna. She did not get up for the tenth day. Manyusha did not leave her for the sixth day and calmed down only when Katerina Petrovna stirred under the covers. Tikhon came in, said that it was getting colder outside, the road would be beaten with frost, and now it would be more convenient for Nastya to get there, and in an uncertain voice he read the telegram, which he himself had brought.
Katerina Petrovna turned her back to the wall. Tikhon sat and sighed in the hallway until Manyusha called him into the old woman's room. She lay pale and small. “I didn’t wait,” Tikhon sighed and left. The next day, the old people and the guys buried Katerina Petrovna.
Here the heroine appears in Paustovsky's Telegram, a young teacher, to whom he devoted only a few lines. They are completely stranger pays tribute to the mother.
The young teacher had the same old gray-haired mother left in the county town. The teacher sighed and slowly walked behind the coffin, asking people if the deceased was lonely? To which she was told that Katerina Petrovna had a daughter in Leningrad. But, apparently, she flew so high that she could not get out to her mother's funeral. The teacher went up to the coffin, kissed Katerina Petrovna's hand, and listened for a long time to the old people talking behind her back.
Nastya arrived in the village after the funeral and found only a grave mound. She examined her mother's room, from which life seemed to have left a long time ago and, stealthily so that no one would see her, left the Fence. And no one, except Katerina Petrovna, could remove the unbearable burden from her soul.
Between the lines
In the story of Konstantin Paustovsky "Telegram" between the lines you can read a lot about the family living in the old house. Katerina Petrovna lives among the paintings of her father and his friends. Kramskoy himself was his friend, the sketch for his painting occupies a place of honor in the house. The magazine Vestnik Evropy was read by both Katerina Petrovna and her father. It published the works of Russian writers Solovyov, Ostrovsky, Turgenev, Goncharov. The inhabitants of the house grew up on this classical literature.
Katerina Petrovna was with her father in Paris in the summer of 1885, it was then that Victor Hugo died, at whose funeral she was. She was buried next to her father. None of those present remembered that she was the daughter of a famous artist. Is it because the villagers, who provided Katerina Petrovna with all possible assistance, did not understand the significance and value of the paintings hanging on the walls of her house?
Thus, fleetingly, Paustovsky showed the huge spiritual abyss between the intelligentsia and the peasantry of Russia. Obviously, the artist's contribution to Russian art was great, since the house was a memorial. Why did Paustovsky write this word in quotation marks in the Telegram? Indifference and responsiveness stand side by side here too. On the one hand - the indifference of the state, under whose protection the house was, and hence the paintings, faded and forgotten. On the other hand, the responsiveness of a simple watchman. Out of pity, Tikhon helped Katerina Petrovna with the housework. And he was the only one who remembered the artist and probably did not realize the true value of the paintings, but looked at them with reverence and sighed: “The work is natural!”
Notches on the heart
In "Golden Rose" the author wrote the story of the creation of the story "Telegram". Paustovsky did not specify the date of writing, but told a touching story on the basis of which he created his masterpiece. The chapter "Notches on the Heart" introduces the prototypes of this story. At one time, Paustovsky lived near Ryazan, in the estate of the once famous engraver Pozhalostin. The only daughter of the mistress of the house forgot about her mother, and sent only translations from Leningrad.
In the evenings the writer went to have tea with Katerina Ivanovna. The hostess of the estate saw badly, and two or three times a day, the neighbor's girl Nyurka ran to her. Katerina Ivanovna once lived in Paris, knew Turgenev and attended Hugo's funeral. She gave Paustovsky a bunch of yellow letters left over from her father to read.
Paustovsky writes that he sent the telegram to Nastya, announcing the death of her mother. Nyurka gave the writer an envelope in which Katerina Ivanovna wrote what to bury her in. Paustovsky saw the hostess of the estate already tidied up - she was lying in a golden ball gown with a train, in black suede shoes. Nastya arrived three days after the funeral.
In his autobiography, Paustovsky told that two brothers died in the war. The writer left only a half-blind sister. Was it her helpless appearance that formed the basis of the characterization of the main character of the story? It seems that not only the image of Pozhalostin's daughter was reflected in the heroine of the novel. But also other images of close people, dear to the author's heart, whom he portrayed with such love, longing and sincere regret.
Until it's not too late
What is the genre of Paustovsky's Telegram? on several pages of which the author raises important issues: loneliness, maternal love, the problem of fathers and children. Compositionally, the story is divided into three parts, one of which tells about the mother, the second about the daughter, and in the third there is a tragic denouement.
A half-blind old woman lives among her memories. Only they stayed with her, even her own daughter Katerina Petrovna is not needed.
Nastya, a young woman, is busy with her career - she enthusiastically helps young artists, organizes exhibitions. She has no time to deal with her mother's problems. Did you write a letter? So, she's alive. Why go anywhere? Lose precious time? To look at the paintings infested with flies? Listen to stories heard more than once? Boring. Will succeed. Then.
The work of Paustovsky "Telegram" in the genre of the story reminds that everything needs to be done on time. Take care of loved ones and relatives, speak words of love to them, spend more time with them. Do we always know the price of our peace and happiness, paid for by the mother's self-forgetfulness? An old word that has practically gone out of everyday speech, characterizes true maternal love in the best possible way. Self-forgetfulness - forget yourself for the sake of the child.
Do we always remember our mother? For the hustle and bustle of life, the lack of time, the pursuit of a career, you can be late. As it happened with the heroine of the story Nastya. As the analysis of Paustovsky's Telegram showed, Katerina Petrovna's daughter was not a completely soulless person. She cared about her colleagues, but for the only person, the closest and dearest, who did not demand anything from her, did not express dissatisfaction, but simply wanted a little warmth and attention, she did not find time.
Story title
Why is Paustovsky's story "Telegram" so named? Reviews of readers, deeply touched by this story, agree on one thing - this is a telegram to us, readers, informing us that life is fleeting, and we must protect and appreciate our loved ones.
There are two telegrams in the story. The real one was sent by the watchman Nastya to Leningrad. Another telegram was invented by the same Tikhon. He invented it in order to plant hope in the heart of a dying mother. Katerina Petrovna guessed, but thanked the watchman for his kindness and kindness.
But it is a mistake to assume that the title is a reflection of two telegrams. The word master Paustovsky weighed every word. And, in the light of the construction of a socialist state, calling to think first about the Motherland, and then about the family, the writer with his "Telegram" reminds - do not forget your loved ones.
"Telegram" (story analysis)
Teacher's word.
The story "Telegram" was first published in the magazine "Ogonyok" No. 8 in 1946.
According to the story in the Mosfilm studio in the summer of 1957, a short film was shot by the director.
Paustovsky wrote essays, literary portraits about famous people: composer Edvard Grieg ("Basket with fir cones"), M Gorky ("Gorky's Death Day"), Dickens ("The Case with Dickens"), etc.
But he has many stories about ordinary people that leave no one indifferent.
Telegram is one of them.
Let's check if you carefully read the story "Telegram". QUIZ.
1. Where and in what month does the action take place?
(In the estate Kater. Petr. in the village of Zaborye in October-November).
2. What magazine was gathering dust on K.P.'s desk?
("Bulletin of Europe")
3. A sketch of which picture did Kramskoy give to K.P.'s father?
("Stranger in a velvet coat")
4. Which writer's funeral did you see at?
5. Who was K.P.'s father?
(Famous artist).
6. Who sent a telegram to Nastya?
(Watchman Tikhon).
7. What did Nastya work for in the Union of Artists?
(Secretary).
8. How did the artists call her?
(Solveig).
9. Whose "drilling" eyes looked at Nastya?
10. guessed that the telegram was not sent by the daughter?
(According to the excited state of Tikhon).
11. Who and to whom said: "... pay good for good, do not be a kestrel"?
(Tikhon Manyushka).
12. "Oh, her bitter grief, unwritten suffering!" To whom are Tikhon's words addressed?
(To Kater. Petr.)
The events in the story unfold over time.
How is it portrayed? (Sounds fragment "October" from "The Seasons".)
The landscape is described in gloomy colors
“October was extremely COLD, RAINY.. The plank roofs BLACKED.”
"Tangled grass in the garden has fallen down." (Personification)
“... It bloomed and could not bloom in any way ... only a small sunflower near the fence”
(The prefix DO - means the end of the action).
Conclusion. The autumn landscape of Paustovsky is cold and unforgiving, and so it is in Tchaikovsky's music - we feel sadness, sadness, melancholy ...
Present tense (NATURAL) SLOWLY flows for Katerina Petrovna. Due to what details does the author enhance the feeling of Katerina Petrovna's hopeless loneliness?
A). Description of the interior.
It "BECOMES EVEN MORE DIFFICULT to get up in the morning", to see "EVERYTHING'S THE SAME": rooms with the smell of "UNBURNED FURNACES", "YELLOWED cups", "LONG LONGER CLEANED SAMOVAR".
"Everything was gloomy in the rooms."
Conclusion. No events in Kater's life. Peter. does not occur (neither meeting, nor parting) ... Time is eventless, therefore it is creeping. It cannot be the main time of the story. It is used by the author as a side effect, intertwined with other
This is a time of crisis and life change.
To do this, he introduces dates, names, realities into the story ... Find it in the text.
A) On the table lay the “dusty Vestnik Evropy” (This is a monthly literary and political journal of the bourgeois-liberal direction, from 1866-1867 it was published in St. Petersburg in 4 volumes a year. He was the first editor)
B). Katerina Petrovna “Knew ONLY BY MEMORY” that the picture, faded from time to time, is “a portrait of her father”, and next to it hangs “IN A GOLDEN FRAME” a gift from Kramskoy to his father - a sketch for his “Stranger in a velvet coat” .( This is the second half of the 19th century
The word "house" has several meanings (work with the "Explanatory Dictionary")
A).:J. a residential building with all the household. (description of the estate in Zaborye),
B) people living in it (Kat. Peter, her father and Nastya),
C). dynasty, clan (obsolete) (extinction of the clan: father-Kater. Petr.-Nastya-?)
Find a description of the estate. What impression does she make? Why?
(Performance of 1 creative group).
The house was built by her father, a famous artist who returned in his old age from St. Petersburg to his native village of Zaborye. The house was "memorial, because" was under the protection of the regional museum.
There is a “squeezed sofa” in it, a stove, because of which, “deceived by silence”, a mouse ran out and sniffed the “stagnant air”.
The house was surrounded by a garden with dead trees. “The wind knocked down the last leaves.” In the depths of the garden, there is a boarded-up gate, indicating that, apparently, there have been no guests in this house for a long time.
And only the “circled, chilled” maple planted once by Katerina Petrovna, the “laughing girl”, was her own: “she planted it a long time ago”; like her, “he had nowhere to go from this homeless woman. windy night.” This tree is perceived by its mistress as a living being: they are both alone, weak.
Conclusion. Painful impression - uncomfortable, no owner.
Tell us about the owners of this estate. (Performance of the 2nd creative group).
My father was an educated man: I knew the artist Iv. Nick. Kramskoy (1837-1887). He spent one summer with his daughter in Paris, where she: saw the funeral of Victor Hugo, a famous French writer. It was in the past.
Kater now lives alone here. Petr. - an old, sick man, dressed in an old coat (upper women's clothing, a kind of round raincoat), on the head is a warm scarf. She hasn't left the house for a long time. He sees badly.
At Kater. Peter. has a daughter, Nastya, “the only kindred person”, who lives far away, in Leningrad, rarely visits her mother (“last came 3 years ago”)
The “small, hunched old woman” lived only with memories of her: “in a red leather reticule” she kept “some papers”, but for some reason did not want to talk about her with the watchman Tikhon, but then “began to cry softly.” Apparently, therefore Time passes slowly for her. Mother understood that Nastya was now “not up to her, old woman. They, the young, have their own affairs, their own incomprehensible interests, their own happiness ”(The word“ Theirs ”is repeated three times - this is how the author shows alienation). "Better not interfere." Therefore, her mother rarely wrote letters, but Nastya transferred money to her mother every 2-3 months.
Expand the metaphorical meaning of the sentences:
“The kerosene night light trembled on her desk. He seemed to be the only living being in the abandoned house…”
Metaphor is a hidden comparison. Therefore, most likely, the author compares Nastya with a kerosene night light.
They (the night light and Nastya) are “the only living beings in the abandoned house”, without the “weak fire” of which (the moral support of her daughter) she “would not know how to live until the morning” (something bright in her life). After all, life now for her is "a homeless, windy night"
Indeed, except for them, no one could brighten up her loneliness. There were people next to her. And not bad: kind, hardworking, sincere. Neighbor Manyushka came running to bring water from the well, sweep the floors, put up a samovar, Tikhon, who revered her father, chopped dead trees in the garden, sawed them, chopped them for firewood. He also showed pity. But you can't call them close.
What did Katerina Petrovna lack?
Communication with the closest person, spiritual communication, because she wanted to talk “about paintings, Petersburg life.” Therefore, “the nights were ... long” for her, and “the dawn was slowing down.”
Why was Nastya not next to her mother?
"A mother's heart is in children, and a child's is in stone." Maybe that's why?
Or is she a "kestrel", according to Tikhon's definition? (Kestrel is an empty, insignificant person)
A). Nastya worked as a secretary in the Union of Artists: she organized exhibitions, competitions
She received a letter from her mother at work, decided to read it after work.
Her mother's letters evoked a "sigh of relief" (she writes, which means she is alive) and a deaf anxiety (each letter is a "silent reproach").
It means that her heart has not completely turned to stone.
B). She helped the young sculptor Timofeev.
It was cold in his workshop, heated by a kerosene stove: "The wind whistled in the frames and stirred old newspapers on the floor." Rheumatism in the hands from wet clay” He complained that he was “rubbed over and not allowed to turn around.” But he was “ready to fight” for the truth.
Nastya "left him with a firm decision to snatch this talented person out of obscurity at all costs"
Then she spoke for a long time with the chairman of the Union of Artists, "got excited" (isn't this a manifestation of feelings ?!), and he agreed to arrange an exhibition of Timofeev's works.
For 2 weeks she fiddled with the arrangement of the exhibition: “she came to despair”, “offended” at the quarrelsome sculptor sculptor, but she achieved her goal “The exhibition was a success.” Nastya was “embarrassed to tears” when Pershin praised her for this.
Output Nastya sincerely cares about Timofeev, does not take offense at the whims of the sculptor. She feels people need, she wants to be considered active, interesting person(Is this ego and sm? ..)
So, she does not have a heart of stone? .. How does Nastya, who cares about others, show indifference to her mother? Does she stand the test of true humanity?
A). She had no time to "break out" (Timofeev's exhibition).
B). The thought of a difficult road flashed by: “crowded trains”, “transfer to a narrow-gauge railway, a shaking cart, ... unavoidable maternal tears, ... about the boredom of rural days ... "
C) Hiding the content of the telegram at work (Mother is “dying”), saying that the telegram is from a friend .. Is she ashamed of her mother? ..
So she postponed her departure.
D). Recall why the artists called her Solveig: “for Brown hair and big cold eyes.
(Solveig is the heroine of the drama-poem "Peer Gynt" by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)
Cold look, soulless, stern.
Paustovsky-master of details. Find the details that emphasize that the mother of her "beloved" daughter will not wait. (Search for keywords).
- “it bloomed and could not bloom and crumble alone ... in the sun -
and to the fence. "Forgotten Stars" who looked at the earth at night (the past),
- “kerosene night light”, “tin emptiness”, “circled, chilled maple” (real),
- "cold eyes" Solveig (future?!...).
Under whose influence and how does Nastya's insight happen? (Two encounters with sculpture)
A) In the sculptor's workshop, Nastya "shuddered".
“Mockingly, knowing her through and through, a sharp-nosed, round-shouldered man looked at her” (It was a sculpture.)
“And the letter is in the purse, unopened,” Gogol’s piercing eyes seemed to say. “Oh, you, forty!” (Gogol’s grin)
b). At the exhibition, when she was too shy to say the contents of the telegram,
"... someone's gaze, heavy and piercing, Nastya felt all the time on herself."
Gogol looked at her, smiling. “It seemed to Nastya that Gogol quietly said through clenched teeth: “Oh, you!” (With contempt!)
It was after this that Nastya ran out of the exhibition into the street, crying bitterly.
She suddenly realized that "no one loved her as much as this decrepit old woman, abandoned by everyone, there, in the boring Fence" Last year for the first time she uttered the words “mama” (“It’s too late! I won’t see my mother again.”)
“How could this happen? Because I don't have anyone in my life. No, and it will not be dearer. Just to be in time ... just to forgive.
But she was late. The mother did not wait. Nastya arrived in Zaborye on the second day after the funeral. I found a fresh grave mound in the cemetery and "cold, dark room Katerina Petrovna, from whom life seemed to have gone a long time ago.
She left the Zaborye stealthily, it seemed to her that “no one, except for Katerina Petrovna, could remove from her irredeemably my guilt ...”
That's what's left for Nastya. IT MEANS A LOT TO LOSE IN THE BUSINESS OF LIFE….
Reading by a student a verse by L. Tatyanicheva “The trains are late ...”
The trains are late
Springs are late
Late sometimes
Light up the stars in the sky.
To strew the pages with silver
Too late to hush.
And pay good for good
Memory is late.
The postman is late
And even - "ambulance".
And in someone's house at the table
Orphaned spoon...
Late sometimes
By time and pride.
But it's not forgivable when
Conscience is late.
.To whom do you think the telegram is addressed? What is the writer warning about?
The lyrical play Solveig by Edvard Grieg sounds.
Back house . “There is the most beautiful creature in the world, to whom we are always indebted, this is the mother.” M. Gorky.
How do you understand the meaning of this statement? (Essay-miniature).