Not only birds play a huge role in summer cottages. Other useful animals also provide benefits. They can live alone or in entire colonies. Some of them need to be invited to the site, and some are simply impossible to withdraw. Useful animals for the garden eat insects, repel rats and mice. In the article we will consider the best defenders of the garden.
1. Frogs and toads. They eat only harmful insects, hunt at night. Frogs in one night can destroy up to 2 grams of pests, and a toad up to four. They do not disdain to eat mosquitoes, ants, slugs, butterflies and even wireworms. There were cases when toads destroyed weevils, caterpillars, larvae. The animals themselves are prey for hedgehogs, mice, birds, snakes. They do not harm your crop. The best way to attract toads and frogs to your garden is to dig a small pond that will constantly fill with water. It can be beautifully decorated and even made the highlight of your garden.
2. Hedgehogs. They also eat insects. Do not try to bring a hedgehog into the house, let the animal live where it is convenient for him, otherwise the hedgehog will leave your summer cottage altogether. These useful animals enjoy eating larvae, slugs, caterpillars, worms, and leaf beetles. Hedgehogs also prey on rodents, they can destroy a snake and small birds. They have an excellent appetite, so they can eat all night long. This behavior can be easily explained - the animal accumulates fat in order to survive the winter. Often lives under shrubs, where there is a lot of foliage. To attract this animal to the dacha, you need to make a dwelling from a hedge with branches and uncultivated land. You need to place it where there are no people and animals, then the hedgehogs will feel good, and will not leave your site for a long time. You can feed this useful animal with dry food for dogs or cats, oatmeal, nuts and fruits. Intensive top dressing should be carried out before frost.
3. Shrews. The most common species is the shrew shrew. By color, it can easily be confused with a mouse. But the shrew has fur on its belly and its muzzle is much longer. It is a very small animal that loves to eat insects. Out of 24 hours a day, about 15 hours, the animal tries to get food for itself. Helps to remove worms, larvae, slugs, spiders, caterpillars from the garden. In winter, the animal does not leave the garden and does not fall asleep. It digs snow in search of food, even eats old seeds. If you suddenly meet her, do not expel the animal, but rather feed it.
4. Lizards. These garden protectors are completely harmless. They feed on insects such as moths, butterflies, larvae, spiders and grasshoppers. To attract them to your garden, install small sandboxes in which these useful animals will lay their eggs.
Useful animals found in almost everyone. Don't kick them out! Provide garden protectors with decent living conditions and enjoy a garden without harmful insects.
Along with birds, the garden and the garden are of great benefit to animals living in personal plots. Sometimes these are rare guests, and sometimes they populate the territory with entire colonies, and then they have to be driven away from the garden. Animals useful for the garden eat, and can also scare away uninvited guests (for example, rats) that destroy the crop.
Now many gardeners and gardeners know that in addition to birds, they can still have other helpers in the fight against harmful insects. In the garden, these animals are almost invisible, and it is worth helping them a little so that they fully reveal their positive qualities. The most useful animals for garden plants are frogs, hedgehogs, toads, lizards, shrews. In addition to animals - the defenders of the garden, spiders that destroy aphids also bring considerable benefits.
The benefits of frogs and toads in the country and how to attract them to the site
Many people know about the benefits of frogs and toads. They feed on insects, eating mostly harmful ones, they hunt mainly at night. A frog per day can destroy up to 2 g of insects, and a toad - 4 times more. The benefit of frogs in the country is that they eat mosquitoes, ants, slugs, butterflies, grasshoppers, wireworms. Also, these useful animals in the garden can hunt bears, weevils, caterpillars, larvae.
Toads and frogs, like their parents, feed on mosquitoes, they can eat a raspberry beetle, etc. In turn, frogs and toads, especially their young, are food for hedgehogs, rodents, some birds, snakes and other small animals.
The most remarkable quality of these creatures is that they hunt at night when the birds are sleeping, destroying pests that are active in the dark, and without causing any harm to the plantings.
Toads and frogs belong to different families, despite their resemblance. In a narrow sense, frogs are members of the family of true frogs, and toads are members of the family of true toads.
The best way to attract frogs to your yard is to dig a small pond or large puddle that should not dry out. Making out your garden-garden, you can make such a reservoir near the "ecological" corner of the site.
If you decide to have frogs and toads in your yard, the first thing to do is to build a mini-pond. Regardless of what its area will be, the bottom of the reservoir must be made with ledges. They should be located on one side and smoothly descend into the deepest part. On the other hand, the pond should have a steep edge, while the pond itself is usually built with a depth of 1-1.3 m. This is done so that the water does not freeze to the bottom in winter and the frogs can overwinter.
Here are some tips on how to attract toads to the site, making them a "comfortable" place to live.
The ledges and the bottom are carried out in a strictly horizontal direction. So plant residues will settle on their surface in an even layer and will not form toxic gases that can poison the inhabitants of the reservoir.
The upper ledge is planted with vegetation, planted on the other side of the pond tall grasses and bushes so that during the day frogs and toads can hide in these thickets from the scorching sun.
Sometimes shelters for frogs are arranged on the shore - they make heaps of dry branches and stones. In addition, houses for toads and frogs can also be made of bricks. Two bricks, placed on the end, serve as walls, and the third, laid on top of them, acts as a roof. In such houses, the inhabitants of the pond spend the winter.
An artificial reservoir can also be made from an old basin or bath. A previously prepared container must be dug into the ground, and then filled with water, preferably rain. The edge of the reservoir is also decorated with stones.
What are the benefits of hedgehogs in the garden and how to feed them in the country
It is very good if a hedgehog settled in your garden or plot, because it is an insectivorous animal. Do not scare him, do not try to take him into the house, let him live where it is more convenient for him, so he will be much more useful.
What are the benefits of hedgehogs in your garden? Hedgehogs eat slugs, beetles and their larvae, caterpillars, worms, wireworms, leaf beetles and others. The use of hedgehogs in the garden is also that they also hunt mice, frogs, they can deal with a snake and eat chicks. Their diet also includes plant foods: seeds, berries, fruits. But it is not the main one. The hedgehog has a good appetite and hunts vigorously all night. This behavior of the animal is explained simply: it needs to accumulate enough fat to safely overwinter.
The hedgehog usually lives under the low-growing branches of shrubs, where there are fallen leaves and old dry branches and twigs. The hedgehog makes a nest, lining it with moss or leaves. Soon a few hedgehogs appear. After 1.5 months, young hedgehogs begin an independent life.
In autumn (October or early November), the hedgehog makes a shelter in a pile of fallen leaves or under dry brushwood, in the roots of trees. He lines it with dry grass and, curled up in a ball, falls asleep.
In the spring, when the sun begins to warm, the hedgehog wakes up very emaciated during the winter and begins to actively hunt. Any living creature found by him on the surface and shallow underground is used as food. How to feed a hedgehog in the country you need to know in order to attract them to your site.
How to attract hedgehogs to the garden plot and how to feed them in the country
One of the most simple ways how to attract hedgehogs to a garden plot is to build a home for them. The presence of a hedge of bushes with branches hanging down to the ground, and an "ecological corner" - a site with untouched, wild vegetation, with uncultivated soil, where people and domestic animals do not go, is an excellent refuge for hedgehogs.
The most difficult time for this animal is winter. Another way to attract a hedgehog to the site is to feed it. Here the question arises: what to feed the hedgehog in the country, because you can’t catch mice for him? If a hedgehog has appeared on your site, you can help the animal by feeding it until the end of October and from mid-February with dry canned dog or cat food.
Dry food for cats or dogs based on meat or food for birds that eat insects, oatmeal, is best suited for this.
Keep in mind that hedgehogs can be fed nuts and fruits. However, milk and dairy products adversely affect the digestion of these creatures. Intensive feeding of hedgehogs is best done in autumn, when the animals are preparing for hibernation.
Meat food can be prepared at home. To do this, the highest quality meat (without hormones and pesticides) must be minced, then scalded with boiling water, and then mixed with dry food or flakes.
In order for the hedgehog to stay on the plot, you need to arrange a winter “apartment” for him. For this purpose, it is best to use dry branches and straw.
In the corner of the site overgrown with grass, make a shock from the material prepared in advance, which is covered with old boards. As a result, the structure should resemble a hut filled with straw. Place saucers with food and water nearby.
A corner for a hedgehog can be located both near thickets of hedges, and under a pine or spruce. The most important thing is that the corner provided for this assistant to live in the garden and in the garden should be environmentally friendly and abandoned: no tillage or cleaning should be carried out on this site. In addition, there should be a source of water nearby.
Since hedgehogs like to nest under stacked boards, bushes, and under heaps of turf, these animals can be lured to the site if you make a shelter in the form of a canopy. Under it you need to fold the fallen leaves and dry branches. A wire should be stretched around the shelter.
If there are old bricks on the site, then you can also build a hedgehog house from them, which will help the animal successfully survive the winter.
Building such a house is not difficult. First of all, the bricks must be placed on a flat surface in the form of a rectangle. Be sure to leave a place to enter. 3-4 more rows of bricks are laid on top. The resulting house is filled with dry leaves or grass, after which thick wooden boards are placed on top, which serve as a roof.
To protect against moisture from above, a plastic film can be attached to the boards. At the end of the work, the shelter is lightly sprinkled with earth and covered with large stones.
Shrews: photo, description and benefits of these animals to plants
Here you can read the description and see a photo of a shrew - an indispensable garden helper.
shrew- the most common species in the area middle lane. According to the description, the shrew is very easy to confuse with a mouse, it has dense fur, dark brown back color.
On her stomach, the fur is lighter, and, unlike the mouse, the shrew has an elongated muzzle, turning into a miniature proboscis. This is a small (weighing only 10-12 g) insectivorous animal.
Most of the time, up to 16 hours a day, the shrew spends in obtaining food. She does not dig holes, but usually lives in the forest floor, looking for food there. The benefit of these animal plants is that shrews feed on worms, larvae, slugs, spiders, wood lice, moth caterpillars and scoops and other insects. In winter, they do not hibernate, but continue their active life, making moves in the snow, raking it and frozen grass remnants in search of prey. At this time, the shrew also eats the seeds of plants. If a shrew is found in your garden, know that she is your friend and helper.
One-fifth of the world's grain crops are destroyed by rats. How much appetite these creatures have can be judged by the amount of supplies in their holes.
In the shelters of gray rats, you can find several buckets of potatoes, nuts, carrots, etc. It is difficult to protect the storage from rats, since neither mousetraps nor traps have any effect on them.
Rats live in groups of 6-12 individuals. In the event that one rat from the group died in a trap, the other animals “inform” each other about what happened. In addition, rats have developed resistance to many poisons and chemicals, to radiation.
In an abandoned corner of the site or near plants that have been attacked by a pest that feeds on a shrew, it is necessary to build a shelter for this animal.
To do this, make a low mound of earth, and then cover it with a layer of dry leaves and grass.
Lizards in the country - good or bad? What are useful lizards in the garden
Many people ask themselves: what is more from lizards in the country - benefit or harm, and should they be attracted to the site?
The lizards found on the territory of our country are completely harmless. The most common of these is the common lizard, which feeds on insects. The benefits of lizards in the garden are obvious - they eat various larvae, spiders, grasshoppers, etc.
By the number of exterminated pests, lizards are approaching birds. In the southern regions, green lizards are found. The benefit of these lizards in the country is that they feed on various worms, slugs, caterpillars, larvae.
Knowing how useful lizards are in the country, you need to attract them to your garden. In order to attract household plot lizards are satisfied with small decorative sandboxes. The fact is that lizards lay their eggs in the sand. Usually, such sandboxes are not enclosed - they simply pour a pile of sand around which they plant all kinds of ornamental plants and place large stones on which these creatures "rest" in sunny weather. Not cared for. A little nearby will make the living conditions of the lizards more comfortable.
Elena Pereverzova
Presentation "Gardener grows fruits and berries"
What is the healthiest fruit? It's not easy to answer this question. Everyone will choose according to their taste. But we can say with confidence that all fruits and berries are good and healthy, and each is useful in its own way. We cannot imagine our life without these natural delicacies!
In the classroom, we tell children about fruits and berries and their benefits for humans, as well as how, where and who grows them, how they are eaten, etc.
I have already presented to your attention a presentation about vegetables and now I want to offer you to watch a presentation on the topic of fruits.
Target: expand and clarify children's knowledge about fruits and berries
Tasks:
Educational:
continue to exercise children in identifying fruits and berries according to their appearance, in the ability to name them;
form ideas about the work of a gardener;
to consolidate and clarify knowledge about the preparation and use of fruits and berries.
Developing:
develop verbal communication skills, enrich vocabulary.
develop an emotional perception of riddles.
Educational:
to educate in children the desire to be included together with an adult in the proposed work;
introduce children to the generally accepted rules of relationships;
cultivate a desire to work with each other.
Vocabulary work: gardener.
Related publications:
"Berries". Presentation for speech therapy work Computer technologies have firmly entered my speech therapy practice and allow individualizing the education of children with speech disorders.
I present to your attention the didactic game "Spread fruits, vegetables, berries into baskets." Purpose of the game: to consolidate children's knowledge about fruits,.
The theme of the 3rd week of May is “Vegetables. Fruit. Berries" (from May 15 to May 19, 2017) Purpose: To consolidate the general concepts of "Vegetables. Fruit. Berries "names of various.
Theme "Vegetables, berries and fruits - vitamin products". Summary of OOD on the topic "Vegetables, berries and fruits - vitamin products." Objectives: Educational:.
Synopsis of an integrated lesson in the middle group Topic: Fruits. Drawing on the theme "Favorite fruits" Purpose: To introduce the names of fruits.
Acquaintance of pupils with various types berries in the middle speech therapy group we organized through games with a lapbook. Purpose of the lapbook.
Today, lapbooks have become quite popular in Russia. Educators from all over our country set to work. Now.
Time Joint activities of an adult and children, taking into account the integration of educational areas. Independent activities of children. Interaction.
Municipal government educational institution"October secondary school No. 1"
The lesson of the surrounding world in the 2nd grade of the teaching materials department " Primary School XXI century"
Teacher: Tsarenko G.E. The date of the: 22.04.2013
Topic: "The garden and its inhabitants" First lesson
Lesson type : lesson in discovering new knowledge
Target: introduce students to the varieties of fruit trees;
give an idea of classification fruit plants;
introduce students to the methods of reproduction garden plants
learn to generalize life experience;
develop students' speech, logical thinking, attention;
develop respect for nature.
Equipment, provision:
computer, multimedia projector, garden fruit set, tasks for groups, herbariums
textbook "The world around" II part N.F. Vinogradova
workbook "The world around" Part II N.F. Vinogradova
Planned results:
Personal:
manifestation of a feeling of love for the native country, expressed in interest in its nature.
Meta-subject (regulatory, cognitive, communicative):
master the initial forms of research activities, including the ability to search and work with information;
learn to use ready-made models to explain phenomena;
will gain initial skills in planning and conducting simple observations.
Mastering the ability to work in a group; perform various roles (leader, performer)
Mastering the initial forms of cognitive and personal reflection
Subject:
get the initial skills of observation, research of the phenomena of the surrounding world;
gain initial skills in observing natural phenomena
master the initial forms of logical actions for comparing inanimate nature on the basis of external signs or known characteristic properties;
establish causal relationships in the environment.
Lesson stage
I. Organizational moment
Purpose: to organize students for work. Create a motivational mood.
Pay attention to the design of the board and guess what we will talk about today in the lesson.
Lesson topic: (natural communities)
Self-assessment and peer-assessment sheets
II. Updating of basic knowledge.
Purpose: To repeat the already learned knowledge about natural communities.
Interview
What is a natural community?
What natural communities exist?
What bonds are formed in natural communities?
We know that man often interferes with the life of the natural community. What can this lead to?
How can the ecological balance be disturbed through the fault of man?
group work
I remind you that working in groups is not a competition, but above all cooperation. I hope that each of you will make a feasible contribution to the common cause.
a). KLEVAGOARESHVGULN
MEZHYAGEUTZHAUALIGK
PRLANPYURATUINUK
KITE
BLUEGRASS
BUTTERCUP
) - THIS IS A MEADOW.
b). RUKYAYEKBPUIYNEPYA
VPRSAYSNBPVCHAINK
FVGAKRVOAUZFKDIO
ROWAN
GROUSE
BUCK
) - IT'S FOREST.
in). KESTAPSMERYTPRSh
TESHRAKTLSHORDIAYAKI
PDUETBDSUKOEATRBO
REED
ELODEA
GUDGEON
) - THIS IS A WATER.
G). IPYARTCHIAPMUETNRYAU
NTHRAOZHATMZHRYANK
OKAPVTASRPYUKGR
BARLEY.
HAMSTER.
WILD OATS
) - THIS FIELD.
Examination:
Test Presentation
II. Working on new material.
Purpose: to give a primary concept of the classification of fruit plants;
Purpose: encouragement to search for additional information.
III. Fizminutka to the music.
Lesson topic:
Guess what natural community we're talking about today?
Ripe apples and pears
The grapes ripen.
And here from all around
People are in a hurry.
Who is with a basket, who is with a can
They want to harvest.
What kind of place is this...? (Garden).
Who guessed what the topic of our lesson is?
What is the purpose of our lesson?
Introductory conversation:
Which one of you has a garden?
What plants grow there?
What is ripening on them, how to call it in one word? (fruit)
Explanation of the new:
All fruit crops can be divided into several types, as they have similar characteristics.
1 group - PIE
Guess what culture it is?
round, ruddy,
I grow on a branch
adults love me
And little kids. ( Apple).
Apple fruits ripen on apple trees. There are more than 6 thousand varieties of apple trees. This is the most common culture in our gardens, because. for apple trees, the natural conditions of the territory of our country are most suitable.
This fruit crop is also known to you. In the shape of the fruit, it looks like a light bulb. What's this? ( Pear).
And this plant is rarely seen in our gardens. Who knows what it's called? ( Quince).
Tell me why all these cultures are called pome?
This group includes fruit crops with more than 10 seeds.
Group 2 - CITRUS
Guess what it is?
Juicy, tasty and fragrant
This red ball.
Covered with thick skin
The aroma is in itself. ( Orange).
Orange orchards can be seen in the southern regions of our country. These fruits keep very well, so we can buy them all year round.
This fruit is a storehouse of vitamin C, so often, when we are sick, we drink tea with the addition of a slice ... ( lemon).
And this culture is the “younger brother” of the orange. It can be grown at home. Without him and New Year not a holiday. ( Mandarin).
To the group citrus fruits include evergreens. This fruit consists of slices filled with juice.
3 group - stone
What word is hidden in this puzzle?
BUT , EAST BRI KOS , TH (Apricot).
Round like a ball
Red as blood
Sweet as honey. ( Cherry).
Cherries are often planted in orchards because it is quite unpretentious to the living conditions and unusually tasty.
Blue uniform, white lining
And sweet in the middle. ( Plum)
Very similar to apricot, but larger, sweeter ( peach)
Why do you think this species is called stone fruits? (These juicy fruits have a hard stone).
4 look - BERRY
Red beads hang
They are looking at us from the bushes.
Love these beads
Children, birds and bears. ( Raspberry).
Two sisters are green in summer
By autumn, one turns red, the other turns black. ( Currant).
Low and prickly
Sweet and smelly
You pick berries -
Take your whole hand. ( Gooseberry)
All of these cultures are widely distributed in our country.
Why is this species called berry?(They have juicy berry-like fruits that spoil quickly).
Think about what fruit crops can be attributed walnut, pineapple, persimmon, mango?
That's the apple!
It is full of sweet juice.
Stretch out your hand
Pluck the apple.
The wind began to swing a branch,
And it's hard to get an apple.
I'll jump, I'll stretch out my hand
And quickly pick an apple!
That's the apple!
It is full of sweet juice.
IV. Consolidation.
Purpose: to determine what changes occur with garden plants during the year.
V. Summary of the lesson.
Purpose: To analyze the knowledge gained in the lesson.
VI. Reflection
Objective: To independently evaluate the assimilation of the material.
Work according to the textbook p.137-138.
Garden tour Presentation "Garden in different times of the year"
Conclusion: An orchard is a plot of land occupied by fruit crops.
What seasonal jobs do people do?
Practical work with the herbarium.
From the set of plants it is necessary to choose plants belonging to the "garden" community.
Workbook work
Drawing and coloring page 42
Solve the crossword p.43
Let's return to the topic of our lesson: "The garden and its inhabitants." Today we should have learned:
(what grows in the garden
So what grows in the garden? (fruit crops)
What fruit crops do you recognize? (seed, citrus, stone fruits, berries)
And how can you make sure that there are more plants in the garden? (propagate by cuttings)
Look at the peer-assessment and self-assessment sheets. The last line remains. Color the square in the color corresponding to your impression of the lesson:
Green - the lesson went well
Red - something was not clear
Black - the lesson went badly for you
Used Books: Lesson "Garden and its inhabitants" Korobtsova Yu.Yu.
Lesson "Plant and animal world forests, reservoirs, meadows and fields "Deryabo M.N.
Riddles: A guide for the teacher / Compiled by M.T. Karpenko.-M .: Education, 1988.-80s.
Fizminutka: Kovalko V.I. School of Physical Education (grades 1-4): Practical development of Physical Education, gymnastic complexes, outdoor games for younger students.-M.: VAKO.2007. -208 p.
I often come to the dacha to my grandparents. The cottage has a garden and a vegetable garden.
Garden Inhabitants Report
Trees grow in the garden: apple trees, pears, cherries, plums, quince. And shrubs: currants, gooseberries, raspberries, chokeberry, sea buckthorn, wild rose. There are also strawberries in the garden. Now, in May, all the trees and shrubs are in bloom. It looks very nice.
But I love it more when the berries ripen in the garden. My favorite berries are strawberries and raspberries. Strawberries ripen in June and raspberries in July.
In the garden, my grandmother planted radishes, onions, garlic, cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, potatoes, carrots, dill and parsley. Green sprouts have sprouted in the beds now. And this year I have already tried radishes, green onions, dill and parsley.
In addition to plants, many different animals live in the garden.
Lizards live in our garden. During the day, they like to climb out on the pebbles and bask in the sun. This species is called: Quick or common lizard. They can reach a length of 25 and even 35cm. But I have not seen such large ones, our lizards are 10-15 cm long. They come in different colors: from bright green to very dark, almost black. On the back they have stripes, and the bottom is light. They are very nimble. My dad and I tried to catch them, but we never caught them. Once dad had a tail left in his hands - by throwing off his tail, the lizard defends itself from danger. But she suffers from this - she becomes less agile, loses her reserve nutrients- therefore, for fun, you can not pull the lizard by the tail.
Above the roof of the barn, grandfather hung a birdhouse on a large peg. But instead of starlings, 2 sparrows settled there. Now in the spring they collect all sorts of feathers and blades of grass and carry them to the birdhouse, build a nest for themselves. When we are at the dacha, we treat them with bread crumbs.
In the beds, and even in the middle of the barn, I saw large heaps of earth. It turns out that these are moles, when they dig their holes, they make these heaps.
When there is still no grass on the beds, only black, freshly dug up earth, birds always fly in: wagtails. They have gray back, white belly, black head and beak and long black tail. They catch insects while running on the ground and shaking their tail - hence their name.
We also have insects in our garden.
Useful: ants, bees, butterflies. And harmful: grasshopper beetles and locusts are such huge grasshoppers up to 10 cm in length - they eat grass and leaves .. There are especially a lot of Colorado potato beetles that eat potatoes. We are fighting them.
Soon the holidays will begin and I will often go to the dacha for the harvest.