Fgds of the stomach is a unique procedure that allows you to examine in as much detail as possible the slightest anomalies of the stomach cavity and recognize them at the earliest stages. Of course, this event is unpleasant, but with proper preparation, the intensity of unpleasant sensations can be reduced to a minimum. But how to do that?
help yourself
How easier it is to transfer FGDs is a burning question for many. In anticipation of the procedure, patients often come up with terrifying, made-up pictures for themselves, further increasing the panic. Already at this stage, you should stop and “pull up” yourself. After all, the right attitude is one of the main factors for a successful survey.
Whatever method of internal examination of the gastrointestinal tract is prescribed - preparatory stage similar procedures. You need to take care of yourself and in advance, preferably a week in advance. Home preparation, which consists in adjusting the diet, will help you pass the examination absolutely painlessly. After all, by the appointed day, the stomach will be cleared of all residues, and the digestive system will be as light as possible.
First of all, you need to make a list of taboo products:
- Mayonnaise;
- hot spices;
- Coffee;
- Flour products and bread;
- Pasta is also banned;
- Mushrooms;
- Fatty meats and fish;
- Raw vegetables;
- Milk and dairy products;
The above list must be completely eliminated from the diet a week before the procedure, and replaced with:
- Buckwheat;
- Mashed potatoes;
- Low-fat varieties of fish and meat;
- Vegetable stew;
- Food of a soft consistency (cereals, broths);
- Steam cutlets;
- Apples;
Before the procedure
On the eve of FGDS of the stomach, a starvation diet should be followed. Try to eat small meals more often. However, the last meal should not be very late. Between the procedure and the last piece of food eaten, at least 10 hours must pass. Ideally - 12. The fact is that a healthy stomach would easily digest leftover food in 8 hours. However, if there are violations, it takes much more time. And, if you do not want to suffer from an attack of vomiting, then during the introduction of the gastroscope, it is better to withstand this interval.
Particular attention should also be paid to the liquid you drink. It is recommended not to drink any liquid for 3 hours before the procedure. It can distort the results of the study and the doctor may simply not see the pathology. For the same purpose, a few more points should be observed:
- Do not smoke before the study;
- Do not brush your teeth;
- Do not use tablets intended for swallowing (this point is discussed with your doctor, exceptions are possible);
In some cases, patients are made exceptions, if absolutely necessary:
- A cup of weak tea 2 hours before the procedure;
- A glass of clean, distilled water 1.5-2 hours before the study;
- The use of lozenges;
Performing the procedure: myth and reality
FGS is a common medical procedure that does not carry any risk to the patient. And with modern equipment and proper preparation, the process brings a minimum of discomfort. However, most people tend to embellish, drawing terrible pictures in their heads: thrusting a huge tube down their throats, which does not even allow them to breathe normally. It's all a myth, don't worry. The diameter of the tube is the thinnest, if desired, you can discuss with your doctor the possibility of using a children's size, it is even thinner - up to 5 mm. But this is not necessary. For adults, the size of the gadget used is up to 7 mm.
Before starting the manipulation, the patient is given local anesthesia and spray the throat with an anesthetic. The exception is people who are allergic to lidocaine. A special mouthpiece is inserted into the mouth, allowing you to gently insert the tube. When swallowing, the device easily passes inside, does not cause pain, only the sensation of a foreign body inside.
To make the procedure even smoother, the patient is advised to first practice breathing smoothly through the mouth. Inhalations and exhalations should be slow. In addition to helping during the introduction of the apparatus, such breathing allows you to get rid of panic attacks and be distracted. In advance, before lying down on the couch, take care to unbutton the top buttons of the shirt and the belt of the trousers (if any) so as not to interfere with breathing.
Another way to relieve stress and stop being nervous is to finger your toes. Such a trifle strongly concentrates attention, not allowing to pay attention to unpleasant sensations. Try to think positive, the better your mood, the easier it will be for you to endure the study. Follow the recommendations, and then, without any complications, the procedure will take no more than 7 minutes.
Conclusion
Fgds is an informative and often necessary procedure. Do not be afraid of her in vain, take it for granted and try to tune in the right way. A positive attitude is not only a guarantee of comfortable well-being during the study, but also of health in general. After all, fear is a great stress for the body. And stress, accumulating in the body, begins to cause disease. Do not "make an elephant out of a fly", discuss with your doctor all the nuances that concern you, and you will definitely find a compromise.
And most importantly: if you have been prescribed a gastroscopy, this does not mean the presence of a serious illness. This is just a research method that allows you to detect the smallest deviations from the norm and prevent pathology (if any) in as soon as possible. But it may not be! Therefore, there is no need to be too nervous, the results made are not a sentence, but an opportunity. Look at the world with optimism.
When a person has problems with the gastrointestinal tract, the doctor always recommends undergoing a gastroscopy before treatment in order to. Based on the results of the study, the gastroenterologist prescribes an effective complex of treatment, which includes the use of special medications and diet.
The benefits of gastroscopy
With gastroscopy, the following pathologies are easily and quickly detected:
- erosion, ulcer, bleeding;
- benign, malignant tumors;
- violation of the gastric mucosa;
- pathology of the esophagus.
Painless Exam Options
The most reliable method of research is gastroscopy. Many people who have undergone this diagnosis remember it with horror. But thanks modern technologies painless gastroscopy is a reality. So, the patient can choose one option out of three possible to make it easier to transfer the procedure.
First option
The first variant of gastroscopy is affordable, performed traditionally, but has improved technology. Since during the procedure a person needs to swallow a video endoscope - a special probe, it is very difficult for him to tune in to it, but the specialist will help the patient before the examination. For this, the patient, which explains how to breathe correctly during the study. This allows the muscles to relax and ease the process. Also, the doctor must make local anesthesia, introducing medications that relax the smooth muscles of the esophagus.
Previously, the main reason for fear was the possible infection with various infections through the endoscope, which is inserted into the oral cavity. Today, if you choose a good clinic, you can forget about such a danger. Hospitals have standards for the processing of the instruments they use, and they are very strict. So, the endoscope undergoes mechanical cleaning, after which it is soaked in a special solution. Thanks to disinfection and sterilization, devices are guaranteed to be disinfected.
The advantages of this variant of gastroscopy include a detailed study of problem areas of the gastrointestinal tract, the ability to perform a biopsy. The probe takes a small piece of tissue for examination to make sure that no malignant processes occur in the human body. With the timely detection of cellular degeneration, the same probe performs an operation during which the removal of this area occurs. In addition, cellular analysis is used to determine the degree of bacterial damage to the gastrointestinal tract. For example, if a patient is diagnosed with a stomach or duodenal ulcer, the attending physician selects an antibacterial agent based on a biopsy. It should be noted that the process itself is painless.
The newest direction of endoscopic examination is considered to be endosonography, which is a classic procedure and ultrasound - ultrasonic endoscopic examination. When using this method, it is easy to determine how deeply the tumor has penetrated into the walls of the stomach, which creates an effective tactic. surgical intervention. In turn, the probe only shows a suspicion of a tumor, and a biopsy confirms it.
Doctors recommend before gastroscopy to refuse to use alcoholic beverages, as from alcohol there is an increase in the gag reflex. You should also remember the rule - the study is performed on an empty stomach. Therefore, the meal should be the night before.
Second option
If the patient does not cope with the fear of the upcoming endoscopy, he may ask to conduct it at a time when he will sleep. This procedure is more expensive than the first option. To perform such a study, the specialist does not use local anesthetics, but uses modern sleeping pills that have a short-term effect. Thus, the patient is put to sleep for approximately one hour, and after the probe has shown a result, he is awakened, talking about the problems found.
It is worth noting that a short euthanasia is considered absolutely harmless. Sometimes such a procedure is carried out almost every day, even several times, in case of peptic ulcer. There are also disadvantages of this method. After the study, it is forbidden to drive a vehicle until the morning of the next day, as well as to engage in complex work. This is due to the fact that a person has a slowdown in reactions.
Third option
The last option is considered the simplest and most expensive. During the procedure, the patient will not feel pain. During the examination, a disposable capsule is used, a tiny device with which the specialist has the opportunity to examine the person’s stomach from the inside. The dimensions of the capsule are impressive - only 1.5 cm. Despite this, it contained a color video camera, light sources, radio transmitters and power elements, which guarantee the device up to eight hours of operation.
When choosing this method, the patient simply comes to the specialist, there is no need to swallow any devices, the doctor gives the patient a “pill” that needs to be washed down with water. After the procedure, you can not think about it, because during the passage through the gastrointestinal tract, the device will perform a complete examination and transmit detailed information to the reader. In turn, this device is a small device, it looks like a bullet or a smartphone. But in some models, the reader looks completely different. So, manufacturers have created a special vest, which is worn on the patient at the time of the study.
The capsule leaves the human body in a natural way, while the patient does not experience unpleasant feelings, after which you can consult a doctor for an accurate explanation of the diagnosis. The doctor needs to load the material that was transferred by the equipment, and special program establishes a preliminary diagnosis. At the same time, she points out the points on the basis of which the conclusion was drawn. The specialist remains to confirm the accuracy of the diagnosis or prescribe tests to once again verify the reliability of the results.
The advantages of the procedure include the possibility of inspection small intestine, which is the longest sinuous organ, other methods do not perform such a diagnosis. The capsule is considered the best option for bowel cancer, Crohn's disease, occult bleeding in the stomach, anemia, intestinal damage.
Despite the use of advanced technologies, this option has disadvantages. So, the capsule cannot perform a biopsy, take a smear, which is necessary for fungi. Also, the technique does not allow during the study to examine a certain area in more detail by deploying or turning the device, while the doctor himself leads the device in the first variant. But Russian scientists are already working on eliminating these nuances. According to the inventors, they will soon present a capsule that will stop while moving through the gastrointestinal tract.
Training
It is believed that proper preparation helps to conduct a study without discomfort.
The patient should follow the advice of specialists:
- To conduct a study once, without resorting to re-diagnosis, you should not smoke four hours before the procedure. The action of tobacco can change the mucosa.
- Usually fear appears before the procedure, most often this is characteristic female gender. Therefore, so that the patient does not worry, she is prescribed sedatives before the diagnosis.
- Proper breathing during gastroscopy is very important, the doctor is obliged to familiarize with the technique. On the examination itself, you must behave calmly, breathe slowly through your nose.
- Please wear comfortable clothing when you go to the examination.
Diagnosis is only a confirmation of the disease. After these tests have passed, the patient must make every effort to recover. To do this, it is enough to follow the recommendations of the attending physician, eat right and conduct healthy lifestyle life. And only then you will not have to turn to a gastroenterologist again with gastrointestinal problems. Take care of your health!
The procedure in which you need to swallow the probe is called EGD. This diagnostic method is necessary for examining the esophagus, stomach and the initial sections of the small or duodenal intestine.
The abbreviation FGDS in medicine denotes one of the most common methods for examining the upper sections. digestive system. It stands for fibrogastroduodenoscopy - examination of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum using an endoscope (gastroscope).
Sometimes the procedure is called EFGDS. The letter E in the name means "esophago" - the esophagus. However, such an abbreviation is used less frequently, since the FGDS itself already implies an examination of the esophagus, the endoscope passes into the stomach through it.
The essence of the technique is that the patient swallows a probe, which, after passing through the mouth, enters the stomach and the initial part of the intestine. At the end of this probe is a miniature light bulb and a camera. The image from the camera is transmitted to a computer screen, after which it is decoded by a gastroenterologist.
Varieties of gastroscopy
Options and methods of fibrogastroscopy are given in the table:
| View | Description |
| classical | It is carried out without anesthesia, the patient swallows the tube after applying an anesthetic in a spray to the pharyngeal mucosa. Applies to the majority of patients |
| With anesthetic aid | Some categories of patients require anesthesia in order to be able to fully carry out the manipulation. Short-term general anesthesia is used, during which the muscles of the pharynx and esophagus relax, which allows the doctor to insert the endoscope |
| Planned | Conducted by appointment, for patients who do not require urgent diagnosis. |
| emergency | It is carried out according to vital indications, when it is urgent to determine what happened to a person. The risk of complications increases as there is no proper preparation |
| Diagnostic | It is used only for examining the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and intestines, identifying pathological changes |
| Therapeutic | In addition to the examination, the doctor can carry out the required therapeutic measures:
|
What diseases are diagnosed
With the help of gastroscopy, the doctor can diagnose the following diseases:
- various tumor neoplasms - polyps, cysts, cancer of the esophagus or stomach;
- gastritis - erosive, atrophic, hypertrophic;
- gastrosophageal reflux disease;
- Barrett's esophagus;
- Mallory-Weiss syndrome;
- ulcers of various parts of the digestive tract;
- mucosal injury.
With the help of endoscopic equipment, dilatation of the esophageal veins can be detected, which is one of the signs of cirrhosis of the liver.
Photo gallery
The photo shows the main nuances of the implementation of FGDS and detected pathologies
Location of the endoscope in the stomach FGDS Implementation Scheme Types of pathologies Biopsy with an endoscope
What parameters are evaluated
During the FGDS, the doctor evaluates the following parameters:
- the color of the mucosa throughout the studied area of the gastrointestinal tract;
- the presence of mucosal folds;
- the integrity of all shells;
- the presence of inflammatory changes and neoplasms;
- expression of peristalsis.
In the presence of pathological changes for each item, they are described in the conclusion.
The video describes the EGD procedure. Filmed by TNT.
Indications
The gastroscopy procedure is prescribed if the patient has the following symptoms:
- difficulty swallowing;
- frequent vomiting for no apparent reason;
- admixture in the vomit of blood;
- constant pain in the stomach, along the esophagus;
- vague abdominal pain;
- unexplained weight loss;
- sudden loss of appetite;
- untreatable anemia.
- poor weight gain;
- refusal to eat;
- constant colic;
- other health related problems.
Since FGDS is not only a diagnostic, but also a therapeutic procedure, it is prescribed for the following pathological processes:
- entry into the stomach of a foreign body;
- polyposis of the stomach or esophagus;
- consequences of chemical burns of the esophagus;
- stomach bleeding;
- neoplasms of the esophagus or stomach.
With these diseases, the doctor with the help of a gastroscope performs the required therapeutic manipulations.
Contraindications
The gastroscopy procedure is not performed for all patients - contraindications to FGDS are:
- scoliosis 3-4 degrees;
- severe deformities of the chest;
- obstructive pulmonary disease;
- obesity 4 degrees;
- multiple strictures of the esophagus;
- large goiter;
- severe pathology of blood coagulation;
- cachexia - extreme exhaustion of the body;
- early period after a heart attack or stroke.
Also contraindications may be:
- categorical refusal of the patient to undergo the procedure (in this case, the study can be rescheduled);
- a state of severe drug or alcohol intoxication;
- acute psychosis.
Training
In order for the patient to endure the procedure easily psychologically and physically, the doctor tells how to prepare for it.
Nutrition
A person is warned about a planned EGD 2-3 days in advance. At this time, he follows a special diet and mentally adjusts to the procedure.
- fatty meat and fish dishes;
- mushrooms;
- baking;
- seasonings and spices;
- sausages;
- fatty cheese, milk;
- legumes;
- sweets;
- bread;
- cabbage;
- coffee;
- alcohol.
Capsular FGDS
Advantages and disadvantages
Fibrogastroscopy has a number of positive and negative aspects, taking into account which the need for its implementation is determined.
The pros and cons of gastroscopy are presented in the table:
How much does an EGD procedure cost?
The cost of the procedure by region is shown in the table:
Video
On the video you can see how to swallow the probe correctly and how you can easily endure this procedure. Shot by the program "Live healthy."
Oleg Popov,
Endoscopist at Atlas Medical Clinic
The simplest solution is sedation, or medical sleep. This option is the most convenient for both the patient and the doctor, since it allows you to perform a gastroscopy quickly (in 3-4 minutes) and without stress.
Sedation
Sedation during gastroscopy is required for people with a pronounced gag reflex, with intolerance to local anesthesia, and if the patient is very frightened. Also, drug sleep is necessary in order to fully take a biopsy (collection of a fragment of the gastric mucosa). Sedation has no negative consequences. After the procedure, you must stay in the rest room for another hour and a half. During this time, concentration is restored, then you can drive and go to work.
If you are going to gastroscopy without specific complaints, just for prevention, then in order not to fall asleep twice, it is advisable to combine it with another unpleasant, but necessary procedure - with an examination of the colon (colonoscopy).
Men are recommended to undergo such an examination after 45 years, women - after 50 years, even in the absence of complaints. With the help of regular colonoscopy, it is possible to prevent the appearance of inflammatory diseases and tumor formations in a timely manner.
The circumstances are different. If a chronic disease is detected during gastroscopy, the procedure should be repeated twice a year: in spring and autumn (usually these are periods of exacerbations) - many are afraid to agree to sedation so often.
There are people who prefer to keep everything under control - and therefore refuse to sleep.
In the end, sedation during gastroscopy is not provided for in the CHI system ...
Therefore, most still do this procedure under local anesthesia. Well, if you are lucky with the doctor - and he will explain everything in detail and step by step. Many pain sensations and awkward moments are due to the fact that the patient simply does not understand what is happening.
Gastroscopy is a harmless procedure, risks of damage internal organs no if you follow the doctor's instructions. During the examination, patients should relax as much as possible, take a comfortable position on their left side. A mouthpiece will be inserted into your mouth so that your mouth does not close - in general, nothing more is required of you. There is no need to control yourself and fight with yourself.
Don't swallow
It is better to restrain swallowing movements so as not to feel discomfort - you do not need to swallow the endoscope, unless the doctor specifically asks for it, professionals will perfectly guide him in the right direction. During the procedure, when the “tube” is in your throat, especially do not swallow. Many patients salivate profusely during the diagnosis - this is normal. You don't have to be ashamed of it, you don't have to fight it. Just put a diaper under your cheek - let everything flow down onto it.
Breathe how it goes
The windpipe does not close off, so you can breathe through your nose and mouth all the time. Often patients panic because of the inability to inhale through the nose: it swells, as with a severe cold, tears flow from the eyes. This is a normal reaction that occurs due to irritation of the nasolacrimal duct, which connects to the larynx. For a doctor - nothing new. I can’t breathe through my nose, breathe through my mouth (it’s not for nothing that you have it open and fixed with a mouthpiece), this does not interfere with the procedure.
Feel free to cry
As we have already said, the doctors are aware: it is the nasolacrimal canal that is irritated, and your weak character is not manifested.
Feel free to burp
Are you okay. It is surprising why not all doctors warn about this: there would be fewer problems. At the beginning of endoscopy, air is forced inside to straighten the esophagus and stomach, otherwise it will not be possible to examine the walls of all departments. When the endoscope is “immersed”, this air is forced out and leaves you with a characteristic sound. Everyone is like that. Don't even try to fight it. And you don't have to be scared or embarrassed about it.
Don't panic if you feel movement
Sometimes the doctor examines the stomach, and then returns to the esophagus and again immerses the endoscope - there may be a panic "everything has already ended, and now it starts again." No, this is a normal process. It rarely happens that the gastroscope has to be removed completely and reinserted - but this is required only in atypical cases of sampling biopsy material or with severe vomiting.
Most patients are wary of the gastroscopy procedure. Some simply cannot cope with the excitement and refuse the examination they need. But fears can be far-fetched. If you correctly approach the problem, arm yourself with information, it is better to learn how to prepare for FGS of the stomach, then many unpleasant moments can be avoided.
Gastroscopy is not prescribed without a reason. This study reveals changes in the structure of the mucous membranes of the upper digestive organs: the esophagus, stomach, duodenum. Based on the totality of symptoms, the doctor makes a preliminary diagnosis and confirms or refutes it with the help of FGDS.
This procedure may be required to monitor the progress of treatment for an already confirmed condition.
And also for performing surgical procedures:
- stop bleeding;
- removal of polyps;
- drug administration;
- taking tissue samples.
There are certain indications for fibrogastroduodenoscopy:
- regular pain in the epigastric region;
- persistent sour taste in the mouth;
- frequent belching of food masses or air;
- nausea;
- sudden weight loss for no apparent reason;
- suspected B12 deficiency anemia.
A visual internal examination of the digestive organs is prescribed if a tumor, ulcer, erosion, polyp of the stomach or duodenum is suspected. Using this procedure, you can determine the extent of mucosal damage, suspect tissue atrophy on early stage process.
Preliminary preparation for the study
Preparation for FGS of the stomach includes several stages. First of all, the patient must mentally tune in to a favorable outcome, discard all bad thoughts and trust the gastroenterologist.
FGS is not uncommon. It is often prescribed to patients, so all the steps taken by doctors have long been worked out to the smallest detail. There is a plan of action in case of any unforeseen situation. Know that you are not the first to go for such a study, which means that you will be able to transfer it, like all previous patients.
The next steps should be to follow the doctor's recommendations about preliminary preparation and a starvation diet. It is also useful to find out what you should not do before the procedure at all, and what you should take care of in advance.
What can you eat before FGS?
For the convenience of patients, gastroscopy is scheduled in the morning.
The last meal should be taken at least 8 hours before the start of the study.
At healthy person During this time, the food will be completely digested and leave the stomach. For those who require examination, things may be different.
If the day before the patient eats heavy, irritating food that provokes the release of a large amount of mucus, then his digestive tract may not have time to clear. Therefore, everyone who is assigned to FGS should follow a special diet for 2-3 days before the study.
- fat meat;
- smoked meats;
- spicy and spicy foods;
- vegetables containing a large number of fiber;
- alcohol;
- semi-finished products;
- purchased prepared food.
The day before the study, you should give up chocolate. You can eat light meals made from lean meats (for example, chicken breast), fish, cereals and boiled vegetables, dairy products, hateful soups. It is better to remove everything fried from the diet. Steam, bake or stew food.
Can I drink before a gastroscopy?
You can not drink immediately before the procedure. You can quench your thirst no later than 4 hours before the examination. It is allowed to drink sweet weak tea. In extreme cases, you can take a few sips of water, but also at least 2 hours before the procedure.
Juices and milk are equated with food, so they are banned. They can only be consumed the night before.
What is forbidden to do before the FGS?
All medicines must be taken in advance (4 hours in advance). Preference should be given to forms in the form of injections, suspensions, solutions. Do not take pills before the procedure.
Taking blood-thinning drugs such as Aspirin and Asparkam should be stopped 2 days before going to the clinic. There is a small chance that these medicines may increase the risk of bleeding.
On the morning of the procedure appointment, you should give up cigarettes. Smoking complicates the course of the study: it increases the strength of vomiting, provokes the formation of mucus, and makes it difficult to visualize the gastrointestinal tract.
All controversial points should be clarified with the doctor in advance. Inform the medical staff about the presence of heart or respiratory diseases. Inform the doctor about the existing allergy to lidocaine or novocaine (painkillers that treat the larynx and root of the tongue to facilitate swallowing the probe).
Immediately before the procedure, it is necessary to remove everything that may interfere with the examination: glasses, dentures, etc. It is convenient to sit on the couch on your side. Relax, calm down, tune in a positive way.
The patient will be offered a mouthpiece, which he will have to clench his teeth. This device facilitates the introduction of the gastroscope and helps the patient to focus on the right actions.
Immediately before the introduction of the tube, you need to make several swallowing movements. During the introduction of the endoscope, maintain even calm breathing. It will not be possible to avoid vomiting at all, so it is better not to concentrate on them, but throughout the procedure to focus on inhalations and try not to swallow.
Saliva will accumulate in the mouth from the inserted gastroscope. You should immediately tune in to the fact that you do not need to restrain its course. Find out in advance if the clinic will offer an absorbent pad or if you should bring a towel with you. Before the procedure, put it under the cheek.
The probe does not make breathing difficult and does not cause pain. The simplest examination lasts up to 2 minutes. More complex can take up to a quarter of an hour. It should be understood that a relaxed state helps to transfer EGD most easily.
How to properly prepare for a gastroscopy the day before?
Take everything with you Required documents. Check if you have taken a towel. After the procedure, you may need to take any medications, pack them with you.
Dress in comfortable clothing. Things should be soft and spacious, not restricting movement and breathing. Open the collar and loosen the belt beforehand. Clothing should not interfere with taking a comfortable position.
Do not use strong-smelling products, perfumes, or deodorants the night before. Aromas can provoke unnecessary vomiting during the insertion of the probe and then throughout the procedure.
Do not neglect the advice to come to the office a little earlier than the appointed time. In this case, haste is contraindicated. You should have a temporary margin to sit quietly in the hallway and tune in.
Recommendations for preparing for the FGS will help you realize that there is nothing complicated in this process. If you follow the advice of your doctor in advance, you will easily overcome the psychological barrier immediately before the procedure itself.