Sores in the mouth, a bad smell from it, insufficiently careful care of the teeth and bleeding gums indicate a lack of concern for one's own health. This unpleasant bouquet causes hostility even at the thought that someone will have to kiss a person with these symptoms. Relations with people who have mycoplasmosis cause even greater fear in people. A completely logical question immediately arises, is the mycoplasma transmitted through a kiss. Although they say that you can get this disease only through sexual contact, you should find out everything in advance so as not to risk your own health.
In addition to affection, emotions and warmth during a kiss, people involuntarily exchange saliva, which is present on the mucous membranes in the mouth. How many microbes live here! It is known that caries is transmitted through kissing, because there are staphylococci in saliva that cause it. Many viruses found in dental plaque cause gingivitis, which is also transmitted by mutual kissing with abundant saliva. Also herpes, laryngitis, mononucleosis spread through passionate kissing. There are cases of transmission of urethritis and gonorrhea in the absence of sexual intercourse, when partners exchange only hot kisses. However, scientists and physicians who conducted examinations of the oral cavity did not find the Mycoplasma virus genitalium. So maybe the answer to the question for the most curious has already been received, whether mycoplasma is transmitted from partner to partner through a kiss.
The answer is almost obvious. All doctors unanimously report that mycoplasma is not transmitted through a kiss, if the genitals are not affected. It has been proven that oral sex is one of the ways of transmission of mycoplasmosis.
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To avoid mycoplasmosis, it is worth monitoring oral hygiene. Remember that kissing with people who have mouth ulcers is also dangerous, because it promotes the infection of partners. If not mycoplasma, then candidiasis or influenza can be caught in those few minutes of pleasure. Mouthwash will greatly reduce these risks and reduce the possibility of transmission of many diseases. Although the chance of catching mycoplasma through a kiss is negligible, kissing patients with mycoplasmosis is not worth it.
Most often, taking tests for certain diseases, most of all people are scared positive result. This is due to misunderstanding...
Content
The bacterium enters the body through the mucous membranes of the genital organs upon contact with a carrier of the infection or a person with mycoplasmosis. Normally, mycoplasma hominis (mycoplasma hominis) lives in the vagina of every woman, but can cause a sexually transmitted disease that requires immediate complex treatment. The pathogenic microbe does not have a cell wall and, under the influence of negative factors, begins to develop rapidly, stimulating the manifestation of unpleasant symptoms - itching, burning, pain.
What is mycoplasma hominis
This causative agent of urogenital disease poses a threat to the body of women, men and even children. Mycoplasma hominis is an intracellular microorganism without a nucleus, which has a specific life cycle, resistance and variability to many antibiotics. The peculiarity of a bacterium lies in its ability to develop not only within living cells, but also outside them.
Mycoplasma hominis is a filamentous or spherical body, which is characterized by the absence of a membrane and mobility. These properties are due to polymorphism, cellular plasticity, their osmotic sensitivity and the ability to penetrate through microscopic pores or bacterial filters. Mycoplasma contains a nucleoid, ribosomes, and a cytoplasmic membrane. The bacterium belongs to the category of facultative anaerobes and feeds on arginine and glucose.
What is the difference between Mycoplasma hominis and genitalium? These bacteria are capable of provoking urogenital mycoplasmosis, however, the latter type is diagnosed much less frequently, and it often causes the development of the disease. The subspecies of the bacterium hominis is not so pathogenic, but in the presence of infectious and inflammatory diseases, the risk of detecting it increases greatly. It is not uncommon for doctors to diagnose a pathogen in people with pyelonephritis or cystitis.
Mycoplasma is sensitive to direct sunlight, UV radiation, high temperatures, disinfectants such as Chloramine or Sulfochloramine. In addition, the hominis bacterium dies from X-rays. The complexity of the treatment of mycoplasmosis is due to the developed resistance of the infection to most antiseptics, antiviral drugs, antibiotics.
Normal Mycoplasma hominis
Mycoplasma is an opportunistic bacterium that lives in the genitourinary system. The rate of Mycoplasma hominis in men and women is less than 10 thousand units per 1 ml. To determine this indicator, the biological material is sown on a nutrient medium. Since this analysis cannot guarantee the complete reliability of the result, the doctor may prescribe an additional ELISA - a study to detect antibodies.
Mycoplasma hominis symptoms
The bacterium can stimulate the development infectious disease or for a long time "sleeps" in the human body, without making itself felt. Under the influence of negative factors, the clinical picture of the disease becomes clear in the patient. If the infection is not treated in time, it can lead to infertility and other serious consequences. Symptoms of Mycoplasma hominis begin to appear when the number of pathogenic bacteria exceeds 104 - 10 6 CFU / ml.
Among women
Mycoplasma hominis in women stimulates the development of vaginitis, vaginosis, endometritis, salpingitis, candidiasis and other diseases. The disease is manifested by itching in the perineum, profuse fetid discharge, burning after urination or sexual intercourse, pain in the lower abdomen. Mycoplasma hominis in women can cause inflammation of the genital organs, ectopic pregnancy(in this case, its interruption becomes the output), the adhesive process fallopian tubes, infertility.
In men
- transparent slight discharge in the morning;
- burning in the urethra;
- drawing pains in the groin, radiating to the scrotum and rectum;
- redness of the skin in the genital area;
- puffiness;
- decrease in potency.
If timely therapy is not started, Mycoplasma hominis can cause urethritis, impaired spermatogenesis, etc. Secondary signs of infection that appear during an exacerbation of mycoplasmosis:
- malaise, weakness;
- vomit;
- increase in body temperature;
- nausea.
Causes of Mycoplasma Hominis
Bacteria are called opportunistic pathogens because they can be found in the human body without causing infectious diseases. Often a person does not even know that he is a carrier of mycoplasmosis. The main stimulating factor for the reproduction of microorganisms is a decrease in immunity. The second most common factor due to which the number of bacteria can increase is hormonal imbalance. Other causes of Mycoplasma hominis:
- insufficient hygiene;
- sexual intercourse with a carrier / patient;
- transferred gynecological diseases;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- the beginning of sexual activity at an early age (when local immunity is still weak).
Causes of mycoplasma hominis in women
The main stimulating factors for mycoplasmosis are those that reduce immunity. So, the main causes of Mycoplasma hominis in women are:
- uncontrolled sexual relations;
- pregnancy, abortion;
- the impact on the body of various medications that reduce protective functions (hormones, immunosuppressants, antibiotics);
- frequent stress;
- radiation therapy.
Mycoplasma hominis during pregnancy
During pregnancy, mycoplasmosis hominis in women can lead to premature labor or miscarriage, uterine bleeding, and the development of pathologies in the child. Such consequences are associated with intrauterine inflammation and outpouring of water. If during childbirth an infection occurs in the baby, he develops meningitis or pneumonia of the mycoplasmal type. In extreme cases, the infant dies within the first day of life. Mycoplasma hominis during pregnancy can cause the development of childhood dystrophy, which is caused by impaired blood circulation.
Diagnosis of mycoplasma hominis
If mycoplasmosis is suspected, the gynecologist gives the woman a referral for examination, while simultaneously collecting the patient's history. Diagnosis of Mycoplasma hominis occurs after the exclusion of more dangerous infections - gonococci, chlamydia. The following examination methods can be used to determine the diagnosis:
- initial inspection;
- the study of the DNA of mycoplasma hominis by PCR diagnostics (the method is used paramount);
- bacteriological culture (the most accurate way to determine the presence of bacteria in the vaginal environment);
- immunofluorescent research method (consists in the use of a special dye that stains antibodies to mycoplasma).
Tests for mycoplasma hominis
After a medical examination, the doctor gives an appointment for laboratory tests. Serological and microbiological methods can confirm or refute the diagnosis. Tests for Mycoplasma hominis:
- Microscopy for biomaterial. Collect the secret of the prostate, fluid from the vagina / urethra. The material is stained and examined under a microscope.
- PCR diagnostics. The method helps to identify the DNA of the causative agent of the disease. A positive result is its presence in the sample.
- bacteriological research. Sowing on nutrient media, determining its sensitivity to antibiotics, localization site.
- enzyme immunoassay. Helps to establish the presence or absence of antibodies in the blood. If none are found, the test result is considered negative.
Mycoplasma hominis treatment
Should Mycoplasma Hominis be treated? The answer to this question is unambiguously positive, since even late therapy can lead to severe, irreversible consequences, including infertility. The treatment of mycoplasma hominis is recommended by the doctor, while the specialist selects the appropriate therapeutic regimen based on the results of the examination.
Treatment of mycoplasma consists in taking antibiotics throughout the entire period of the disease. Choice medicinal product falls on the treating doctor and is determined by the data obtained during the study on the sensitivity of mycoplasmas. In addition to etiotropic therapy, the disease is treated with:
- systemic antibiotics of the tetracycline series (Doxycycline), macrolides (Azithromycin), fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin);
- local antibiotics (Oflokain ointment, suppositories containing metronidazole);
- antifungal drugs for candidiasis (Clotrimazole, Nystatin, Fluconazole, Livarol);
- vaginal antiseptics with chlorhexidine;
- probiotics to restore disturbed microflora (Gynoflor, Vaginorm, Vagilak);
- immune-stimulating agents (Imunorix, Immunal, Interferon);
- vitamins (Undevit, Complivit);
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ortofen, Diclofenac);
- baths and douching with Miramistin, herbal decoctions.
Mycoplasma hominis is commonly found in the genital and urinary tracts of adults who have a sexually rich life. Like any pathogenic conditional organism, up to a certain point it does not cause infectious diseases, but as soon as the threshold of quantity is exceeded, mycoplasmosis develops quite quickly and its consequences can be very disappointing. First of all, you should know how Mycoplasma hominis is transmitted in order to determine measures to combat this virus and avoid infection if possible by not letting it into your body.
There are two most common ways of transmission of Mycoplasma hominis from an infected patient to a healthy one:
- During any sexual contact
- From a pregnant woman to a child
Through sexual intercourse, Mycoplasma hominis can be obtained from a partner who does not know that this microorganism is present in his body. More often they are infected by persons who have a weakened immune system or who put themselves at risk of acquiring sexually transmitted and infectious diseases, often changing partners.
From mother future child can get the virus directly at birth, when the fetus passes through the birth canal, which is affected by tiny microbes. Doctors also stipulate the fact that the virus can get to the embryo through the placenta, although such cases are rather an exception.
Domestic cases of infection with this virus can occur, although extremely rarely. Doctors say that most often this is not a domestic infection, but an exacerbation of an already existing disease that was provoked by some factor.
The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!
Mycoplasmosis is an infectious inflammatory disease caused by mycoplasmas. Pathogen this disease is a microorganism that, in structure and mode of existence, occupies an intermediate position between viruses and bacteria. Currently, 14 types of mycoplasmas are known that can infect our body. However, this infection has only a conditional danger to the human body. Therefore, the detection of this microorganism in the study does not mean the detection of the disease. However, mycoplasmosis is widespread in the world. Mycoplasma infection can cause damage to the respiratory or genitourinary system - in this article we will consider urogenital mycoplasmosis.Mycoplasma - features of the structure and life
This microorganism, which in structure and metabolic processes cannot be attributed to either viruses or bacteria. Mycoplasmas were first isolated in 1937. However, at first these microorganisms were not classified as pathogenic microflora. It was not until 1979 that the danger of mycoplasma infection was identified. And this microorganism was recognized as conditionally pathogenic.
Mycoplasma is a microscopic organism ( only 300 nm). This circumstance makes it invisible under ordinary light microscopy.
The microorganism is devoid of a cell membrane, which makes it difficult to detect for the immune system and promotes active attachment to the affected cell.
Mycoplasmas reproduce by simple division, or budding, which is not typical for ordinary bacteria.
Are all mycoplasmas potentially hazardous to health?
The defeat of the genital and urinary organs are caused by a group of genital mycoplasmas: M.hominis, U.urealyticum, M.genitalium, M.fermentans.Therefore, for the diagnosis of this disease, it is important, along with identifying the presence of the pathogen itself, to determine the type of infectious agent. In many laboratories, a PCR study is performed to identify the genus-specific region of mycoplasma DNA. From a functional point of view, this method is untenable, because a positive result only indicates the presence of any type of mycoplasma ( including opportunistic and non-hazardous to health). However, even the detection of pathogenic species of mycoplasmas does not indicate the presence infectious disease- without clinical manifestations. It should be recognized that mycoplasmas are quite difficult to identify and quantify organisms, therefore, the diagnosis of mycoplasmal inflammatory disease is often made by excluding other genitourinary infections.
Symptoms of mycoplasmosis
Symptoms of mycoplasmosis depend on the organ of the lesion and the infectious activity of the pathogen. As a rule, this infectious agent affects the genitals - therefore, the symptoms of mycoplasmosis in men and women will be different.Symptoms of mycoplasmosis in men
Urethritis - characterized by soreness, swelling and increased pain during urination. Sensation of cutting when urinating and scanty clear discharge from the urethra.Prostatitis - this condition is manifested by discomfort in the perineum, erectile dysfunction and difficulty urinating.
Damage to the epididymis and the testicles themselves characterized by severe pain in the scrotum, sometimes this condition is accompanied by local hyperemia of the skin. Unfortunately, this lesion, along with damage to the prostate, can lead to impotence and male infertility.
Symptoms of mycoplasmosis in women
Urethritis
- inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urethra. Among men and women, this condition is expressed by similar symptoms - soreness and pain when urinating, itching, redness of the urethral mucosa, moderate mucopurulent discharge is possible. Vaginitis - this condition is characterized by inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, mild discharge, soreness and irritation during intercourse, itching in the perineal region, and the appearance of mucous or purulent discharge is possible.
Endometritis and adnexitis - is the most formidable lesion of the female genital organs. This state characterized by an ascending spread of infection in the genital organs of the small pelvis. Symptoms include fever, pain in the lower abdomen, severe pain during genital intercourse.
From the above information about the symptoms of the disease, it is clear that there are no specific symptoms. Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease is based on the study of symptoms and the results of a laboratory examination.
Ways of transmission of mycoplasmas
sexual transmission
The most common way of transmission of this infection is through sexual contact. The thing is that mycoplasma is unstable in the external environment and cannot maintain its viability for a long time, being outside the host organism.
household transmission route
It is extremely rare that the disease is transmitted household way. However, hypothetically, this is possible when wearing underwear together, using the same towel and hygiene products. It should be noted that infection in this case leads to carriage, not to the disease itself. The number of mycoplasmas that infect a person will obviously be insufficient to provoke the clinical manifestations of the disease.
Vertical transmission path
When the fetus passes during childbirth natural way mother's genital tract. At the same time, mycoplasmas living on the mucous membranes of the vagina and external genital organs can infect the child.
Transplacental route of transmission
Very rarely, mycoplasmas manage to overcome the placental barrier and infect a child during fetal development.
From the information provided above, it is clear that mycoplasmosis is a predominantly sexually transmitted disease. Symptoms of this disease are scarce and nonspecific. Therefore, its diagnosis requires laboratory tests and personal consultation with a venereologist, urologist or gynecologist. It is important to note the fact that the timely detection of this disease and the appointment of timely and adequate treatment for early stages disease is the key to successful treatment. When the disease becomes chronic, treatment can be difficult. Therefore, if you suspect any of the infections of the genitourinary tract, immediately seek personal advice from a specialist doctor - time in this case works against you.
Of course, and this is the main way of contracting such an infection. In more than ninety percent of cases, Mycoplasma hominis and genitalia are transmitted through sexual contact. Most often, carriers of infections are female. Men can also spread this viral infection, but mostly become victims of infection from women after unprotected sex.
The risk of infection for those who neglect the use of a condom is significantly higher than for those using this barrier type of contraception.
People at particular risk are:
- Frequently changing sexual partners;
- Not sure about the partner's health;
- Without a permanent sexual partner;
- Not taking into account the rules of personal hygiene;
- Early intercourse.
The more contacts of an unprotected nature that occur with a carrier of the virus, the more likely it is to get sick. It is difficult to say something definite about infection as a result of a single contact: the probability can range from five to eighty percent.
The fact of contact with a human carrier does not mean that infection will necessarily occur. If a person has a strong immune system, he will fight the penetration of the infection into the body.
Mycoplasmosis: infection by airborne droplets
The transmission of mycoplasmosis can also occur in this way. Of course, this happens less frequently than the transmission of infection through a different type of sexual intercourse. Penetration of the infection in this way causes mycoplasmosis of the respiratory tract.
Transmission in this way of infection is carried out when a person-carrier coughs or sneezes and a healthy person is directly near him.
After a person is infected with such a type of mycoplasma as pneumonia, this person is a danger to others for ten days. This countdown usually begins when the first clinical signs of the disease appear ().
At chronic form such mycoplasmosis, an infected person is dangerous for people around for three months or more. The patient who infects others may feel well and not notice any signs of mycoplasmosis.
Mycoplasmosis is contagious to humans in this case when outbreaks of influenza and acute respiratory infections are observed. Such periods usually occur in late autumn or early spring.
Is it possible to become infected with mycoplasmosis of the respiratory tract by one contact with the carrier? Yes, but the likelihood of such infection is usually minimized. Mycoplasmosis, the ways of infection of which are few, usually infects a person through prolonged contact with an infected person.
The greatest threat to get sick with mycoplasmosis is being in such places as:
- Schools and kindergartens;
- Sport sections;
- Cramped office space;
- Military units.
Mycoplasmosis: ways of transmission by other means
It also often comes to other ways of infection with mycoplasmosis. Some of these abilities actually exist, and some managed to become fiction.
- How is mycoplasmosis transmitted? household way? Yes, such a method does exist, but the likelihood of getting infected by a household method is still very small. The threat most often should affect those people who share things for personal hygiene. But at the same time, one of them must be a carrier of mycoplasmosis. It must be remembered, however, that when environment mycoplasma quickly dies, because coexist outside the human body. It is for these reasons that the contact-household route is not the leading one in terms of the number of cases of mycoplasmosis;
- Infection through animals, feline mycoplasmas exist, exactly the same can be said about dogs. But mycoplasmosis of cats and dogs cannot be transmitted to humans. A cat can only infect another cat, the same situation is observed with dogs. These types of mycoplasmas do not pose a danger to humans. Therefore, if such an infection was found in a pet, the owner should not worry about the penetration of such an infection into his body;
- hematogenous route. This method involves infection by blood transfusion. Such cases are recorded, but very rarely. Also, in this way, you can become infected during an organ transplant from one person to another and if the doctor neglects the rules of sanitation and uses non-sterile instruments;
- vertical path. This way is the transmission of infection from mother to child during delivery. This also happens infrequently. In addition, mycoplasma tends to cross the placenta to the baby and cause infection.
Transmission of mycoplasmosis to a child during pregnancy
If a woman is planning her pregnancy, she undergoes various examinations the day before. A thorough diagnosis excludes the presence of serious problems in the body that can harm the unborn fetus.
But what happens if the infection occurred directly during the bearing of the baby?
- Many doctors say that mycoplasmas can cause the baby to freeze in the womb or premature birth;
- If infection occurs late in gestation, then damage to the amniotic fluid may occur. In this case, they may begin to leak, which will eventually cause premature birth;
- With a large spread of infection in the body, women may suffer from polyhydramnios, serious pathologies of the genitourinary system and other disorders;
- Mycoplasmas are capable of influencing the child in the most detrimental way when he passes through the mother's birth canal;
- If there is an infection of a child in the mother's womb, global lesions of its organs and systems are possible, for example, a violation of the normal functioning of the central nervous system, liver, kidneys, skin, tissues, lymph nodes.