Children have different attitudes to feeding, and they need time to get used to a certain regimen. If a hungry baby bursts into tears, and the mother does not want to feed him, because it is too early, then she is doing wrong.
The feeding schedule for children of different ages is different. For example, in the first month, it is better for a child to eat every three hours, that is, 6-7 times a day: 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 plus night feeding if the baby woke up, crying and makes it clear that he was hungry. Many mothers regularly weigh their children to monitor how the child is recovering, whether he has enough food. If the baby daily gains 20-30 g in weight, then everything is in order. In the second month, a woman usually has more milk, so the baby begins to eat more. It is necessary to rearrange the diet so that the baby has enough time to digest food.
You can feed not after 3, but after 3.5 hours: 6:30, 10:00, 13:30, 17:00, 20:30. The last feeding late in the evening can be gradually abandoned. If the baby does not wake up on his own, then it is better not to wake him up. But skipping daytime feedings because your baby is sleeping is not worth it. We need to wake him up quietly. Usually young children wake up easily, especially if they are already accustomed to the regimen. But in general, each baby needs a special approach. The child is unlikely to eat more than he can, or more than he needs. Children fall asleep when they are full, so if the baby falls asleep while eating, there is nothing to worry about.
Of course, sometimes it happens that after this the babies wake up before the next feeding time and start crying. It all depends on the parents. Some believe that you still need to endure the regime, something to distract the child so that he is even more hungry and has a good meal next time. Others, on the contrary, see nothing wrong with breaking the schedule a little and feeding the baby earlier.
In general, it is believed that it is necessary to strictly observe the regime if the child is not breast-fed, but only from the nipple, or both of these methods are combined - mixed feeding. It can be more difficult for an infant to get used to artificial mixtures if a certain regimen is not followed.
At 4-5 months, children can already be transferred to 5 meals a day and feed approximately every 4 hours. This is more convenient for parents, and is better suited for a child at this age, because now he drinks not only milk, but also juices, eats vegetable and fruit purees, cereals. Babies need time to get used to new foods, so feed them less frequently. Otherwise, there may be stomach problems. When a child grows, learns to drink from a cup, to take solid food, he eats more and more for each feeding. By the age of one, children can eat up to 1200 ml of food per day and begin to feel less hungry, so at this age it is already possible to switch to four meals a day.
What is the diet of a child at 1 year old, and what are its rules? Is it worth introducing the baby to all the adult food on your table, or are there still restrictions? Is it possible to transfer the baby to 4 meals a day or should I stick to 5 feedings a day?
In the first year, you and your baby made an incredible leap. Instead of a tiny "lump", which ate only breast milk, now a real gourmet is growing up in your family, with their own taste preferences. He seems so grown up, but it is important to remember that the child is still small. And the approximate is made taking into account the physiological needs.
The nuances of the diet of a one-year-old baby
Pediatricians strongly recommend following a child's diet adapted to the needs of the child's body at 1 year old. His table includes dishes that are light in terms of impact on the digestive system, simple for an imperfect chewing apparatus.
- Porridge should be boiled, but you can no longer grind them through a sieve.
- Vegetables should be included in the diet of a child at 1 year of age daily. Them the nutritional value very high, and the structure promotes proper digestion.
- Meat and fish should be boiled or steamed. Steam cutlets will be convenient, tasty and healthy, which can be stuck in advance and stored in the freezer.
- Children's dishes are casseroles and soufflés. They are prepared from dairy products, a mixture of cereals and vegetables, meat.
Don't skip jar food designed for your age. This is especially true of the winter and spring periods, when it is extremely difficult to get vitamins from ordinary food. Industrial canned food for children is adapted not only to the needs of the baby's body, they often contain a complete set of vitamins that the baby needs daily.
Other nuances of a child's diet at 12 months:
- food is not homogeneous, but with large pieces. But they are still smaller than in adult dishes;
- the following spices may be present in the diet: dill, parsley, bay leaf, basil and celery. Their number is small, but they already give new taste familiar dishes;
- The recommended feeding regimen for a 1 year old baby includes 5 meals. This is the optimal amount that meets the physiology of the crumbs. The volume of his stomach is small, but the nutritional value of food should be high. Therefore, it will be right to feed the baby a little bit, but often;
- A convenient diet for a child at 12 months is the following: breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack, full dinner. At night, kefir or another fermented milk drink is preferable.
Dairy
Pediatricians recommend breastfeeding your baby for up to a year. And what's next? Dismiss abruptly? Although the rejection breastfeeding already fully substantiated, it is impossible to reduce the intake of dairy products, the volume of which until that time had reached 700 ml. The baby should still receive dairy and sour-milk products in a volume of up to 600 ml daily. It can be kefir for the last feeding, before going to bed. Also, milk can be included in the composition of cereals, cook casseroles with it. Even in this form, milk will provide the needs of the child's body for calcium.
Do not forget to include adapted children's kefirs and curds in the child's diet at 1 year old. Food manufacturers also offer special milk formulas for babies after 12 months. They will be a good help in saturating the diet with calcium, vitamins and trace elements. From cottage cheese you can cook casseroles with vegetables and cereals. It is also possible to treat the baby with mild cheese - a piece or grate.
And of course, if you still want to breastfeed, continue to do so. So you can be sure that the child is provided not only with useful substances, but also with high immune protection.
An expert on baby food tells how to introduce milk porridge into the diet.
What to include in the diet?
It is necessary to draw up an approximate diet for a child at 1 year old, taking into account the following products.
- Cereals - necessary and important, as well as very tasty cereal cereals are good for digestion and rich in valuable substances. On the table, the crumbs may have buckwheat and oatmeal, corn and rice, any other cereals at your discretion. Despite the love of all kids for pasta and their, at first glance, close relationship to grains, it is not necessary to introduce the baby closely to such food. It is much less valuable to him than any porridge. Also, the child can already eat bread - white is better, as it is easier to digest. A little later, you can offer black.
- Fruits and vegetables - it is important that they are present in the diet of crumbs at any time of the year. In summer and autumn, feed your child mashed boiled vegetables, prepare fresh vegetable salads for him, make casseroles and soups. Winter and spring good way out vegetable canned food for children, fruit purees will become out of position. You can also stock up useful products for future use: freeze fruits, berries, vegetables in season.
- Meat and fish - the varieties of meat are very diverse, the main thing is that it be lean. You can use any offal and serve them to crumbs in the form of meatballs, steamed cutlets. Fish is also useful low-fat, it is rich in phosphorus, iodine, polyunsaturated acids. It can be boiled, cutlets and meatballs can be made.
Read also
show moreIt is easy to say - to feed vegetables, it is not always possible to persuade them to eat "in pure form", you have to" mask ".
And about large pieces, there is also a small problem - these pieces are found and spit out, our little nehochuha is too lazy to chew))
These cutlets are just a godsend! Thanks for the tip, indeed, you can cook them for future use and freeze them.
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Marina is right, it is not always possible to feed a small child with vegetables, even a bright, interesting carrot, after “tasting”, is often sent to the floor with a disgruntled face. You have to go for tricks. But manufacturers of baby food, in my opinion, never test the taste of their creations, although I love cabbage, but even I could not eat a spoon from a jar of baby broccoli, let alone a child
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And my child continues to drink milk at night, but she doesn’t eat kefir at all. It would be interesting to know what foods are better to give for dinner, because we get two afternoon snacks rather than a full dinner. By the way, the article did not mention egg yolk, although it is recommended to give it to a child from 8 months. My daughter, for example, loves to eat them)
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I'm lucky with feeding my children! for almost half a year, both sons were exclusively on breastfeeding, I tried to cook complementary foods myself, I still try to avoid baby food from jars, although the children are already three and a half years old. our family for healthy eating, so in a year I no longer cooked food separately for adults and a child. I often cook in a double boiler - both my husband and kids love it, and it’s useful for everyone.
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Doctors say that by the age of 1, the child should already be transferred to the general table. That is, he is ready to eat whole food, the one that we eat. And this is very important, because the child develops and does not stand still, as well as his digestive system. Later, complications and problems may begin, so the nutrition of a one-year-old child is a crucial stage in his development :)
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One way or another, a lot depends on the baby. My daughter ate far from everything from the common table in a year. I just didn't want to eat what we give. She still does not like soups (although she is already a year and 9 months old). Until now, many products have to grind in a blender. Lucky are those mothers who do not cook separately for a child after a year. We still make a significant part of the dishes separately. He doesn't want to eat and that's it! We still eat jars. Eats both fruit and meat from a jar. Ordinary fruit does not eat at all.
If the baby has a poor appetite, he is not gaining weight well, if he has stomach problems, then do not cancel late feeding, even if you have to wake the child for this. It is advisable to cancel evening feeding when the baby sleeps peacefully all night and does not suck his thumb. Usually in children, this period occurs at the age of 3-6 months. When you cancel evening feedings, increase the portions of formula intended for daytime feedings. You use 4 bottles of 220-230 g per day. But if the baby drinks only 150-180 g at a time, then this is enough for him, do not force him to eat more.
Loss of appetite between the third and ninth months. The first two months of life, the baby takes food with pleasure, but then suddenly begins to eat much less. One of the reasons for this is the natural decrease in the growth rate of the child. For the first three months, he adds about a kilogram per month. By six months, monthly weight gain is reduced to 0.5 kg. Also, the child begins to cut teeth, and this causes discomfort in eating. Some babies have a rejection of solid food, others ignore the bottle. The main thing is not to rush things and do not force-feed the child.
There are two solutions to the problem. First - you can gradually reduce the sugar content in the milk mixture. In the first months of life, sugar is very important for the child, it is the main source of energy. But once your baby starts getting solid food three times a day, the extra calories don't matter as much. Second - at this time you can go to Three meals a day, at 7, 12 and 17 hours. If these tips do not help restore your appetite, see your doctor.
Transition to three meals a day
When the baby reaches the age of 5-9 months, from ready to switch to three meals a day. Breaks in this mode should be about 5 hours. Therefore, if a child needs to eat after 4 hours, then he is not ready enough for such a diet and it is worth a little time. Also of great importance with three meals a day is the time of the first feeding, if the baby needs to eat at 6 o'clock, then it is too early to switch to three meals a day. Also, if the child eats well every other time, that is, after feeding the child at 6 o'clock, at 10 he does not eat willingly and having lunch at 14 o'clock, at 18 o'clock he refuses to eat. This is also a signal, you can transfer the baby to three meals a day. And in this case, for breaks of 5 hours, the baby will have time to get hungry and will eat with pleasure three times a day.
It happens that a child, by all indicators, is ready for three meals a day, but out of habit he always wakes up to his evening bottle. It's not scary, feed him according to the regimen three times a day and give him a bottle in the evening, at 22 o'clock. Soon, he will be sleeping all night long.
And it happens otherwise, according to all indications, a four-hour break is not enough for a child and he is ready for three meals a day, but at 6 o’clock he wakes up and starts screaming for food. Since the baby is so hungry, give him a breast or a bottle. Give him porridge or fruit for breakfast at about 8 o'clock. This will be his breakfast. Lunch offer the child at noon.
How to set meal times for three meals a day?
It depends on the needs of the child and the routine of the family. Breakfast is usually at 7-8 o'clock, but it can be later if the child does not show proper appetite. For breakfast, feed your child porridge with fruits, milk and eggs. Between breakfast and lunch, you can give your child a snack with orange (tomato, pineapple) juice, 50 g is enough for him. If the child is very hungry, offer him to chew a cracker, a cookie, a crust of bread. Lunch time comes at 12 o'clock, although some babies are best fed at 11.30. Give your child green and yellow vegetables, potatoes, meat, and milk for lunch. Introduce potatoes into the diet with the transition to three meals a day, so that the child is provided with calories for the afternoon. If the child has a poor appetite or is very large, it is better to refuse potatoes. If the baby is not full, offer him fruit. Fruits should be given to the child 2 times a day. Then, between lunch and dinner, give your child juice. It is not necessary to give milk to the child during breaks, it is digested for 3-4 hours and by dinner he will not have time to get hungry. For dinner, between 17-18 hours, prepare porridge, fruit and milk. Having switched to three meals a day, the child does not always drink the previously consumed amount of milk, he cannot overpower more than 200 g at a time. And for most kids, 750 g is enough, instead of the previous 1 liter. But if the baby still drinks his previous norm, great.
Can I stop sterilizing formula bottles?
The child's immunity gradually begins to develop by the second year of life. There may be harmful bacteria in the water used, microbes can get into the mixture, milk and multiply well there. Do not stop sterilizing the mixture, the body of a small child can be damaged by intestinal infections.
When can you give your baby a cup?
The vast majority of babies and some formula-fed babies lose interest in the mother's breast or nipple by six months. Instead of actively sucking like before for 20 minutes, after 5-10 minutes they are distracted, begin to examine their hands, play with their mother, look around. With age, they are more relaxed about the bottle and breast, but do not refuse it completely and by 10-12 months. But there are babies who, by this age, on the contrary, more than ever, cannot part with a bottle, and get more and more pleasure if the nipple is in his mouth. It also happens that even a 2-year-old child cannot fall asleep without a bottle. Many of these children drink water and juice from a cup at the same time. What's the matter? Why is it easy for some babies to part with a bottle, while for others it is very difficult. That's the reason. Babies who have been given a bottle perceive it as a reminder of the first months of life, it calms them down, brings incomparable pleasure, you can even say that the bottle replaces the mother to some extent. If the mother fed the child for six months from her hands, holding it on her knees, then the mother becomes the closest thing for him, and not the bottle, and he concentrates his attention on the mother, and not on the bottle. Therefore, the most the right way not cause your child to depend on the bottle - do not put a bottle on him, but feed the child herself. Also, the sooner you start teaching your child to cup, the better.
First sips from the cup
Let the child try to take a sip from a cup of milk every day from the age of five months. This is a kind of introduction to another way of eating food. At this age, he will be able to more easily allow something unfamiliar to him into his little world.
Pour a few grams of formula milk into a small cup once a day. To begin with, this is enough, the child cannot take a big sip. If you are breastfeeding, pour the pasteurized milk into the cup properly, shaking the bottle first. By this time, you can give your child orange juice to drink from a cup. Make sure your child likes the cup. When the baby crosses the six-month barrier, he madly likes to grab everything with his hands and drag it into his mouth. You can use this and give him an empty cup in his hands. He will pull it into his mouth, as if imitating the process of drinking. After a while, when you notice that the baby is doing well, pour a few drops of milk into it, gradually increase the dosage. Remember, for several months the baby will absorb milk in separate small sips. He will learn to drink in large sips and in one gulp later.
At the age of 1-1.5 years, the baby may get bored with a cup of milk, try to interest him. Add a little porridge to the milk, pour cold milk instead of warm milk, add delicious additives to the milk, and you can finally replace his cup with a brighter and more beautiful one.
Gradual weaning
Some babies have a hard time refusing a bottle and at 8 months they take a sip from a cup and scream for their bottle back. Children pretend as if they do not understand what a cup is for, what to do with it and how to drink from it. At the same time, the child can be absolutely calm, but not even swallow a sip, but only let the milk flow down his chin. By the age of one, they often cease to be stubborn, but it also happens that even at 2 years old a child resists a cup. Try pouring milk into a cup, putting it on a tray of food, the child may suddenly take the cup and drink the milk. But under this set of circumstances, do not focus on this, do not try to get him to drink more. The child should take this for granted.
You need to be patient, the full transition from bottle to nipple often takes several months.
And I want to talk about the reasons that prevent the child from giving up the bottle. Often the reason is in a mother who is worried that her baby is not enough of what he drank from a cup and offers him a bottle, but the child does not refuse. If a baby at 6 months drinks up to 480 g of milk daily from a cup and does not require a bottle, it is better to forget about it. And it’s not worth it, trying to calm the child, out of pity, on each occasion, put a bottle on him. The child does not refuse it, and as a result, partially refuses other food and there is a lack of iron and other vitamins.
For children over the age of 1 year, the most physiological is 4 meals a day - breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack and dinner, while a child under the age of 1 1/2 years can also receive the fifth feeding in the form of a glass of kefir or milk at 23 - 24 hours or early in the morning. Regardless of the number of meals, feeding hours should be constant, which also helps to maintain appetite.
Deviations from the set time should not exceed 15 - 30 minutes.
For the same purpose, the child should not be offered anything between feedings. Sometimes parents in the intervals between main meals give their children milk, kefir or the so-called fruit breakfast in the form of grated vegetables or fruits with sugar, fruit juices. This is wrong, as it reduces appetite. Moreover, it is unacceptable to give sweets, cookies, buns, etc. to children in the intervals between feedings.
When building a child's diet, it is necessary to monitor the correct distribution of products during the day. Protein-rich foods, especially when combined with fat, stay longer in the stomach and require more digestive juices, so dishes containing meat, fish, eggs should be used in the first half of the day - for breakfast and lunch, and for dinner - dairy and vegetable food, because at night, during deep sleep, the processes slow down.
Young children can be conditionally divided into two age groups: 1 - 1 1/2 years and 1 1/2 - 3 years. The nutrition of children of these groups differs in the volume of the daily diet and the size of single portions. The amount of food should be appropriate for the age of the child. A large amount of food leads to a decrease in appetite, a small one does not cause a feeling of fullness.
Anatomical and physiological features of the body of children 1 - 1 1/2 and 1 1/2 - 3 years old require various ways culinary food processing.
For children aged 1 to 1 1/2 years, all food is prepared in pureed form: pureed soups, cereals; vegetables and fruits are given in the form of mashed potatoes; meat and fish - in the form of souffle, steam cutlets, meatballs. Children who have reached 11/2 years old need to gradually change the culinary processing of dishes. Semi-liquid pureed foods are replaced with denser ones: boiled cereals, vegetable and cereal casseroles, stewed vegetables. At the age of 2 years, salads from boiled and raw vegetables should be introduced into the diet of children; meat is cooked in the form of fried cutlets, stew in small pieces, fish - boiled and fried, freed from bones.
"Nutrition for children", E.Ch. Novikova,
K.S. Ladodo, M.Ya. Brenz
Special place in baby food given to vegetables and fruits. They are very useful, as they contain carbohydrates, vitamins, various mineral salts, phytoncides - substances that contribute to the destruction of pathogenic microbes. An important property vegetables and fruits is their ability to enhance the secretion of digestive juices, increase appetite; due to the presence of ballast substances, they prevent the occurrence of constipation, but some of them act fixatively, ...
The following are sample diets for children aged 1-1 1/2 and 1 1/2-3 years. Correspondence of the volume of food and the age of the child The following amount of servings in grams is recommended for children 1 - 1 1/2 and 1 1/2 - 3 years - Age, years 1 - 1 1/2 1 1/2 - 3 Breakfast Porridge ...
With the age of the child, the amount of meat and fish gradually increases in his diet. In the diet of children 1-3 years old, they mainly use beef and veal, lean pork, lamb meat are acceptable. Fats, rabbit meat, offal (liver, tongue, brains) are also useful in baby food. From meat products sausages (milk), some varieties can be recommended for children ...