If you are just starting to learn English, then you will be surprised: there are 12 verb tenses in English. This number does not include passive structures (the door was painted / the door was painted); on the contrary, all twelve tenses are needed for the verb in the "active", i.e. when an object performs an action. For beginners in English, we will provide enough information to familiarize yourself with the rules.
If you are familiar with the tenses of the English language, but have forgotten some of their differences, our article will not only remind you of the basic rules, but also give tips for better remembering them.
It is probably no secret that for a better perception of the rule of times in English language, they must be presented in a table. The best format, in our opinion, is this one:
|
Simple |
continuous |
Perfect |
Perfect Continuous |
|
|
Future |
||||
|
present |
||||
|
Past |
It is such a table that will allow you not only to briefly summarize the information, but also clearly show the similarities and differences between the times of the groups Present, Past and Future.
So that in the future we will not have any questions with filling in the cells, we will make a plan of what needs to be written about each time:
- When exactly the action takes place.
- How does the verb change in this tense (let's agree: "+" - for affirmative sentences (affirmative sentences); "-" - for negative sentences (negative sentences); "?" - for interrogative sentences(interrogative sentences)).
Simple, continuous, Perfect, Perfect continuous
First of all, let's talk about our "pointers":
Simple: tenses in this category describe actions that can be repeated, talk about our daily routine, the chronology of events, etc. The main thing is the fact that the tenses of the Simple group speak of actions that just happen / happen / happened: we don't care about their duration or completeness; what matters is the act itself.
continuous: tenses of this type indicate the duration of an action that is taking place at a certain moment in the future / present / past.
Perfect: result oriented. Describes the activities that ceased
Perfect Continuous: duration orientation. Describes the activities that lasted to a specific moment in the future/present/past.
Fundamental difference Simple from continuous:
We use continuous to ask "How long?" (How long? ). For example:
How for a long time you write letter? / How long have you been writing the letter?
We use Simple to ask "How many times?" (How many times?) or "How many?" (How much? How many? ). For example:
How apples you ate? / How many apples have you eaten?
How once she is went in library on the this week? / How many times has she been to the library this week?
Future, present, Past
Future: here we “will not open America” - this group describes verbs in the future tense, which means that the helper verb, which will invariably be our companion here, is will.
present: works with verbs when talking about the present tense.
Past: everything that concerns "the affairs of bygone days", i.e. of the past.
Verbs in the past tense are divided into regular ones (we form the past tense according to the rule: “verb + ending ed »: stay ed, attach ed ) and irregular verbs (2 and 3 forms can be found in the tables irregular verbs:come, came; had, has).
Table of English tenses
So, when we remembered the main tense groups of verbs, it's time to start filling out the table.
We suggest working with the verb "cook" ( prepare; correct verb).
As we have already agreed, each cell will have an affirmative ("+"), a negative ("-") and an interrogative sentence ("?") with this verb.
For convenience, in the further use of the table, we consider the change of this verb with all pronouns. So, Present Simple.
+ I / we / you / they cook ; He / she / it cooks (I / we / you / you / they cook / cook) food; he/she/it cooks food);
— I / we / you / they do not ( don ’ t ) cook ; He / she / it does not ( doesn't ’ t ) cook (I / we / you / you / they do not cook / cook) food; he/she/it does not cook food);
? Do I/we/you/they cook? Does he/she/it cook? (I / we / you / you / they cook / cook food)? does he/she/it cook food?).
We hope you remembered tenses in English. Probably, each student will need a table of times, but not everyone knows how to organize it correctly.
Did you find the table offered by us useful? Share it with us in the comments.
Understand, repeat or learn tenses in English? Yes, you are joking! It's almost Chinese charter! Actually no, and we know a few secrets on how to learn and remember easily and quickly. English Times(table attached).
It is the times that become the very main brake that prevents you from easily and simply learning this most beautiful and most popular language in the world. Sit back, because now we will tell you how to quickly and easily learn and remember verb tenses in English.
Method 1: how to quickly learn verb tenses in English
Students are confused from the very beginning, believing that there are 100500 tenses in English. In fact, English also has 3 tenses: present (Present), past (Past) and future (Future). Later, as soon as you master these basics, you will need to impose the rest of the knowledge on the existing foundation.
Now is the time to learn that all verbs denoting actions in English can be divided into ongoing and non-continuous (i.e. continuous and non-continuous).
How to distinguish between them: if an action occurs, has occurred or will occur within a certain period of time, then it is continuous (long or long). For example, Kolya was sleeping, Lena was doing her homework, Artem was reading a book.
If the sentence contains the following constructions, use Continuous - a long time:
- at the moment
- from 5 to 7,
- the whole day,
- when he came and so on.
It applies when it comes to about an unfinished process, action that was done, is being done or will be done in a specific period of time.
Group Times Indefinite or Simple are used to denote an action that occurs regularly, every day, and its exact moment is unknown. It is characterized by words-indicators: usually, twice, a week, on Sundays, often, sometimes, never, in summer, hardly, ever and so on. These words state the fact that an action is taking place.
When talking about completed action, use Perfect if the sentence contains phrases:
- already,
- just,
- recently,
- lately, etc.
These indicator words testify about the presence of a result by a certain moment: something happened now or yesterday by 5 o'clock, or will be ready by tomorrow morning.
Now we define whether it is important for understanding the meaning by what point in time this action will be completed. Thanks to this, we will understand whether we use perfect tense or not (Perfect or non-Perfect). It's time to bring together all the signs of action we have identified. So we get a complete definition of the available time. For example, past continuous perfect.
Time Perfect bands Continuous in real life are practically not used. However, to pass the test and understand the literary language, it still does not hurt to study them. For example: In April I'll have been working on the book for 10 months. In Russian, it will sound something like this: in April it will be 10 months since I started work on the book.
Method 2: how to quickly learn English tenses (table)
There is another way if nothing happened with the previous one. There is nothing easier than learning the table of tenses in English.
This table shows all the signs of action. Comparing one feature with another, you will not great work determine what time is before you.
When studying tenses, you will need to learn the forms of auxiliary verbs and verbal words that serve to form one or another tense. And be sure to learn the table with irregular verbs! 
And if there is still not enough time to prepare for the test or control in English, do not be shy - contact the student assistance service. Service specialists know everything about times, if not more, and they certainly know how to help you. And to broaden your horizons or just keep abreast of student life, subscribe to our telegram channel.
And here is a video on how to quickly and easily learn the time in English:
Tenses are the basis of English grammar. There are as many as 12 forms of time, and given the real and passive voice, then all 26! Moreover, not every person can apply all forms correctly and use them when appropriate.
The very first present tense is fairly easy to master. It practically does not differ from Russian. But as soon as it comes to passive pledges, interrogative sentences, the Perfect Continuous form, which is extremely unusual for us, then a nightmarish confusion appears in the head.
But still, there are several ways to master these "recalcitrant" times and them once and for all.
In English schools for beginners, verbs are often taught at once, in three forms. That is, when passing through the Indefinite section, they immediately pass through its future, past and present form. To do this, you need to memorize simple verbs, auxiliary, and sometimes use irregular verbs. If we add here the passive voice, then the head will simply explode from such a mess.
Therefore, learn all tenses from simple to complex. First, understand the most commonly used verb "to be" and its forms. Then start slowly disassembling simple form verb or Simple, as well as its three tenses. It is worth noting that the Simple form is basic and all the rest are formed from it. For example:
I play - Present Simple
I am playing - Present Continuous
I have played - Present Perfect
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I have been playing - Present Perfect Continuous
You can see the pattern that in each variant the main words are "I" and "play". In simple present form, there is no need to use auxiliary verbs. Therefore, training should always begin with it.
All use cases can be learned past perfect Passive, but you still won't be able to use them in a conversation or a letter. After all, before you learn the rule, you need to understand it. Let's analyze each time using the examples that were shown above (I play).
The first option is simple indefinite time. That is, the action takes place in general now, but it does not have exact time limits: I play, I work, I love, etc.
Present Continuous talks about what we are doing at the moment: I am playing (now), I am working (at the moment), etc.
*See how convenient it is to use tenses in English. To apply the Continuous form in Russian, you should add "at the moment" or "now". In English, just add the verb am/are/is and the ending –ing.
Third perfect shape means a completed action: I have played or finished playing, that is, I have already finished the game. In Russian it is quite difficult to use this form, so we just add "already" or the prefix "s-" (played, did, caught).
The Perfect Continuous form is the most difficult to understand. It means an action that has lasted and continues to last. Imagine walking up to a friend sweaty from the soccer field and saying, "I've been playing soccer all day!" (I have been playing football the whole day!). You played in the past tense, but the game is still going on and you need to return to the field.
These times in English for beginners are the basis. Then you can make out the past and future form, active / passive voice, participial phrases etc. But all this is secondary and will definitely come to you if you understand the rules, and do not just memorize them.
In American English, the most commonly used form is simple (Simple) and continuous (Continuous). Therefore, try to use them in conversation as often as possible. Also a great option would be to make a foreign friend in social network to exchange thoughts with him, talk about the culture of his country, news, etc.
Please note that at first you will not be able to apply English for Beginners tenses. Offers will be given to you with high difficulty. But with each new phrase, it will become easier and easier for you. You will not even notice how Past Perfect Passive or Future Continuous Active will scatter right and left.
Since school days, students have been intimidated by the great and terrible twelve times of English, which must be learned, otherwise you will not know the language. Strictly speaking, there are only three tenses in English, just like in Russian: present ( present), past ( Past) and future ( Future). But every time has its own aspect! And there are four aspects: Simple, continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous. By multiplying, twelve times are obtained. Only these are not separate rules that must be memorized independently of each other. All tenses are interconnected and logical. The main thing is to understand what each aspect is talking about, + know when it happened ( Past), happens ( present), will happen ( Future) the action you are talking about = you will end up with the correct tense in English.
Chart of all tenses of English
Aspect Simple, as a rule, speaks of the most common action that occurs regularly or constantly. In most cases, if you are not sure which aspect to choose, take Simple and you can't go wrong! :-) continuous- this is an action extended in time, it must continue at least a little. Perfect- an action with a result. For many it is Perfect causes difficulties, because we have nothing of the kind in Russian. Absolutely not? And if you see two such verbs “did” and “did”? Which of them will show "the completion of the action, the result"? Did! So it turns out that most often the aspect Perfect in Russian it is a verb of perfect action. We have our Perfect, and that's great! Perfect Continuous- when there is long-term action and the result of this action. Imagine that aspects continuous and Perfect put together, resulting in Perfect Continuous.
In theory, everything is not so difficult. It always seemed to me that everything becomes logical when all times are represented on the time line.
Here is the timeline - how we imagine the movement of time: yesterday, today, tomorrow. On the timeline we have the aspect of times Simple. Let's take an example go to school- "go to school".
I go to school every day. – I go to school every day. (usually, sometimes) – Present Simple
I went to school yesterday. – I went to school yesterday. (in 1999, 3 years ago) – Past Simple
I will go to school tomorrow. - I will go to school tomorrow (in 2025, 3 years later) – Future Simple
Complicate the picture and add an aspect continuous- stretched, long-term action.
I am going to school now. - I'm going to school now. (now I'm walking briskly on the way to school) - Present Continuous
I was going to school when the phone rank. I was walking to school when the phone rang. (I was walking along the road - a long action, the phone rang - a short one that interrupted a longer one) - Past Continuous
I will be going to school tomorrow from 10 a.m. till 11. – I will go to school tomorrow from 10 am to 11 am. (I am now lying on the couch and thinking about how tomorrow I will walk along the familiar street to school, meet the cat, stroke it and move on) - Future Continuous
Now add the third aspect of time Perfect.
I have just gone to school. - I just left for school. (I just left the house and went to school) – Present Perfect
I had gone to school and after that I went for a walk. I went to school and then went for a walk with my friends. (I was at school and then went for a walk with friends. N.B.! In Past Perfect, one action must be completed before another action in the past) - Past Perfect
I will have gone to school by the end of the week. I will go to school by the end of the week. (I don't like going to school, but I promise I'll go there before the end of the week. N.B.! Prerequisite: by some point in the future) – Future Perfect
And finally, the turn came to the aspect Perfect Continuous.
I have been going to school since 2007. - I have been going to school since 2007. (since 1996, for 2 years. This time I want to emphasize how long I went and continue to go to school) - Present Perfect Continuous
I had been going to school for 10 years before I finished it. I went to school for 10 years before I graduated. (the action was long (until 1999, from 1998-2008) and ended in the past) - Past Perfect Continuous
By the end of 2015 I will have been going to school for 10 years. By the end of 2015 it will be 10 years since I will go to school. (There is a long action (going to school for 10 years) and a point in the future by which time I will do something (by the end of 2015)) – Future Perfect Continuous
As you can see, there is logic in English tenses. The main thing is to sit down and try to understand this logic. This explanation does not cover any specific use of tenses, but it will help you build a general picture of what can happen with an action (verb) in English.
The Big Bang Theory and the Times of the English Language
An interesting observation. Most recently, I was watching another episode of my favorite series “ The Big Bang Theory" ("The Big Bang Theory"). In episode 5 of season 8, I came across an amazing dialogue between the main characters. Let me remind you briefly: the heroes of the series are a group of physicists who often find themselves in ridiculous situations because of their absolute unsuitability for real life. These inquisitive minds live in a world of theories, formulas and calculations. And in one of the series, they thought about creating a time machine. Jokes aside, but I was struck by the grammatical aspect of such an invention. Let's think with Howard, Leonard and Sheldon about how disrupting the flow of time can affect English grammar. Be sure to take a look at the spoiler after the video, there are small explanations that will better help you deal with the flow of American speech of the characters.
Don't be surprised if you don't understand anything the first time. I myself sat with my mouth open for a while, nervously gasping for air! After 4-5 viewings with pauses and consoling cookies with cocoa, I decided to figure out what was the matter. And the thing is that for the British, times are not just an outdated convention. This is a necessity! They may simply not understand differently when the action took place. After the series in English, I was looking forward to the translation into Russian. At that moment, I did not envy the translators at all, knowing full well that only magic would help translate all this into Russian. Let's see the translation?
Well done! We got out with the help of the Russian prefix "pre", which shows which action was the first, and which - the next. So it turns out that the phrase “I went for a walk, but first I washed the dishes” in Russian can be said with the help of all sorts of helper words: “first”, “before”, “first”. These words will indicate which action came first. In English it will be time past perfect, it will show that I washed the dishes first, and then went for a walk: “ I had done the dishes and went for a walk". And the Englishman will understand what was the first and what was the second. Also, all other aspects will have their characteristic values:
- I am going now (the word "now" indicates that the action is happening at the moment). - I am going (am going indicates that an action is currently taking place).
- I usually go ("usually" shows us the repetition of the action). - I usually go(yes, added usually, but exactly go will show repeatability), etc.
After watching this series, I was once again convinced that English times are still logical, correct, linear or something. And I also realized: how great it is that no one (as far as I know) has yet invented a time machine, otherwise we would all have more headaches with these times and actions :-).
- If you need additional help in working on some aspects of grammar, then you can always sign up for the Grammar Intensive course, where, together with the teacher, you will analyze in detail the most intricate rules.
If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.
Approximately in this ratio are used in oral speech tense forms of the verb
Time English verb is one of the most terrifying topics in grammar. At first glance, a table of 20 (or 24, depending on how you count) cells with incomprehensible words, diagrams, and examples looks creepy. Plus, there are under three hundred that obey their own rules.
And for some strange reason everyone who already knows the language says that there is nothing complicated in the tenses of the verb! Maybe this reason is that there really is nothing complicated about them?
I also think that tenses in English is not such a terrible topic as it seems. These few detailed tips will help you deal with them!
1. Don't neglect textbooks
Sometimes there is an opinion that textbooks are a boring and outdated tool for learning a language. Now there are really a lot of useful training programs, services, but the textbooks have not lost their relevance at all.
The textbook is a very handy tool, it has the necessary theory, examples, exercises. Everything is arranged in a carefully thought-out order and fits under one cover. The tenses of English verbs, and indeed grammatical material in general, are analyzed in sufficient detail in general tutorials, for example, but there are also books specializing specifically in verbs. For example, “Repeat tenses of the English verb” by T. Klementieva. This thin book contains all the necessary information, detailed explanations and many exercises.
Of course, you should not limit the study of a language only to a textbook, because it cannot give, for example, conversational practice, but you don’t need to give it up, especially at first. This is a handy guide, a map that will help you not get lost on your language journey.
If it’s better for you to see it once, watch the video tutorials - there are a lot of them and they are all free. YouTube is full of teachers and just enthusiasts making educational videos. Unfortunately, many videos are shot “on the knee” and do not please with good quality.
I recommend watching the video tutorials on Puzzle English - they are professionally filmed, they give a good theory and provide interesting examples. In addition, after watching the lesson, you can go through the exercises and ask a question if something is not clear.
3. Don't be afraid of the number of verb tenses in English
We are used to the fact that in Russian there are only three tenses of the verb: present, past and future. In the English language, there are, in some unthinkable way, as many as 20 times. How is this even possible? In fact, 20 pieces are not times, but, to be more precise, types of temporary forms, which for simplicity are called times. It is necessary to distinguish between verb tense and aspect.
How many verb tenses are there in English? There are only three times, as in Russian:
- Present (present),
- Past (past),
- Future (future).
However, each of the times can be of four types. View- this is such a semantic modifier of time, which clarifies how exactly the action takes place. In Russian, there are only two types - perfect and imperfect, and even then only for verbs in the past tense.
We thought about the beautiful (imperfect form).
We thought about the beautiful (perfect view).
There are four types in English, and in all tenses.
- Simple (Indefinite)- action in general, regular action.
- Continuous (Progressive)- a long-term action that occurs at a certain moment.
- Perfect- completed action (as our perfect view).
- Perfect Continuous- the average between a long and completed action. In practice, it is used very rarely, especially in colloquial speech.
It is easy to calculate that three times of four types are already 12 possible combinations. These combinations are called “spectral forms”, and for brevity, simply the tenses of the English verb. When they say that there are 20 tenses in English, they mean temporal forms.
So, in English we counted 12 forms, where did 8 more come from?
Remembering them is very simple, there are no difficult rules, that's just the verb to be may cause some difficulties. To help deal with them, I wrote separate recommendations and made memory cards:
5. Simple times are the most needed
So, you already understood that tenses in English are not so scary. What's next? Further - simply, you need to carefully study each form and remember its formation. First of all, you need to know only THREE most used forms:
- - real simple
- - past simple
- - the future is simple.
Note: in some textbooks, instead of the term Simple, Indefinite (indefinite) is used - this is the same thing.
They form very easily. In Simple tenses, only verbs in the past tense add an ending -ed(not counting irregular verbs) and there is one form (1st person, singular) with the ending -s. This is a trifle compared to the branching systems of endings in Spanish, French, Russian, and many other languages.
These schemes are described in detail in. Since you already know the verb, you will be able to remember these forms not only in the affirmative form, but also in the interrogative and negative form.
Strictly speaking, this can complete the study of times. If your goal is communication at the level of “survival abroad”, if you are good at gestures, facial expressions, and are not afraid to make mistakes, then even these three times will be enough for communication.
But if such a minimum level does not suit you, I recommend that you consistently study all tenses, and then practice will show what is needed and what is not needed. I've compiled a handy table that lists all the .
6. Practice building phrases, develop skills
Learning a language is not a matter of gaining knowledge, but of developing skills. Common mistake- try to “learn” the language, remember it, as it were, for later. Like, I will first learn the language, and then I will speak it. It is necessary not so much to learn the language as to train in its possession, to develop skills. Like in sports. And just like in sports, you need to practice. Here's how you can parse one kind of temporal form:
1. Learn the Rule
Usually it fits in one phrase, for example: “To build the past simple tense, add the ending -ed to the initial form of the verb.” Just do not forget that your task is to be able to build a phrase, and not to know the rule by heart.
2. Explore examples
In any textbook, after the rule, there are examples, for example:
I want ed- I wanted.
She help ed- She helped.
3. Do exercises to remember the pattern
Textbooks usually offer to compose phrases with the passed form, translate sentences, put the word in the desired form, and so on. For example:
Put the word in the correct form:
She (to invite) me to the party yesterday.
With the help of exercises, you will consolidate your knowledge of the rule by developing the initial skill of constructing the desired phrase. But many suffer from the fact that they seem to know all the rules, they can easily solve exercises from textbooks, but they cannot speak and understand by ear.
To speak and understand by ear, you need to practice speaking and understanding by ear. Grammar and vocabulary are only part of learning a language, knowledge of words and grammar needs to be multiplied by practice in, then you will really know the language, and not just know it.
7. Learn the tenses of the English verb in the affirmative, interrogative and negative forms
Option 2. Learn tenses of the verb using cards
Take cardboard cards and write an English phrase on one side, and a translation on the other (you can also use electronic cards)
Here's how you can use the cards:
1. Start with a bare outline without further ado
Take the cards first complete table conjugations without unnecessary words - only and. In articles about tenses of the verb, there are ready-made cards, for example, this set.
I noticed - I noticed.
You noticed - You noticed.
She noticed - She noticed.
He noticed - He noticed.
They noticed - They noticed.
We noticed - We noticed.
I did not notice - I did not notice.
You did not notice - You did not notice.
She did not notice - She did not notice.
We did not notice - We did not notice.
They did not notice - They did not notice.
Did I notice? - I noticed?
Did you notice? - You noticed?
Did he notice? - He noticed?
Did we notice? - Did we notice?
Did they notice? - Did they notice?
2. Expand the bare outline into short phrases
In life, we rarely say two words like “I invited” or “I noticed”. Expand the diagram into more detailed but short phrases, and choose a different context for each individual person and number to make the task more difficult (hard to learn - easy to fight). For example:
- I noticed your new dress.
- I didn't notice this noise.
- Did you notice something?
It will be great if you do bright, lively phrases. You can add the names of acquaintances, a little humor (funny is well remembered). Even if the phrases are completely absurd, it's okay, you just need to practice!
3. Practice building phrases on the fly
Write ten to fifteen verbs that you know well and, looking at them, say aloud phrases with these verbs that you have thought up on the go. Phrases are best built in the first person, because we most often speak in the first person. You can diversify the exercise by inserting phrases in other persons and numbers, adding affirmations and negatives. Knowing the simple times alone, you can tell a lot of things.
It may seem to you that such a detailed and thorough study of one type of temporary form is useless. Indeed, you can remember the form without it, but with the help of such exercises you will not only better remember the construction of phrases, but also work out your speech skill better.
8. Carefully work through the 7 main types of temporary forms
If we take the table of verb tenses in the active voice, we will see 12 forms. However, 7 of them are most commonly used, they are highlighted in orange in the table. They need to be worked out especially well.
| Simple | continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
| present | ||||
| Past | ||||
| Future |
You need to know other forms too, just don't try to learn them at such a level that you will accurately give out the Future Perfect conjugation when you are woken up in the middle of the night. This is not a priority. Efforts and time should be distributed wisely. Especially do not go deep into the Perfect Continuous times. You need to know them at the level of understanding (it will come in handy when reading), but to develop a confident speech skill ... they are very rare in speech. known
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