Distinctive features the great Russian writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky are depth, penetration, moral strength, it was not without reason that the philosophical trend “pochvennichestvo” originated from him. The socio-philosophical novel "Crime and Punishment" is a popular and famous masterpiece of Dostoevsky not only in Russia, but also in the world.
The novel is a vivid and truthful reflection of the life of Russian society in the mid-nineteenth century - poverty, alcoholism, girls from poor families who are forced to live on a yellow ticket (Sonya
Marmeladova), lawlessness of usurers (old money-lender Alena Ivanovna). The novel opens to the reader all the nooks and crannies of the then life, sometimes cruel and gloomy. Following Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, we see dozens of human destinies, all aspects of Russian reality, different people- "trembling creatures" and "having power."
The names and surnames of the main characters of the novel are "speaking" - from the first reading, the reader easily develops a certain opinion about the personality and character of these characters.
The main character of the socio-philosophical novel "Crime and Punishment" by Fyodor Mikhailovich
Dostoevsky is Rodion Raskolnikov, a former student living in deep poverty. Rodion is smart, kind. He observes the society around him, sees the suffering of people, reflects on social order. Surrounded by poverty and human grief, Raskolnikov creates an inhuman theory.
The speaking surname Raskolnikov comes from the word "split", schismatics are called those who separated, rejected the mainstream. Rodion, like schismatics, rejected moral laws, invented his own moral theory, which contradicted life. He was split off from all groups and strata, from all currents and laws. His subsequent repentance, understanding of the full gravity of the crime split his soul, introduced a contradiction between mind and soul, theory and life.
The collapse of the theory for Rodion meant the collapse of everything, all life attitudes. He is now separated from society, henceforth he is a schismatic. If not for Sonya Marmaledova, Raskolnikov would not have been able to live on. Sonya is the daughter of Marmeladov, a pure girl, timid, as her surname says, but a believer, spiritually rich, even working for a long time on a yellow ticket (engaging in prostitution), she did not lose the purity of her soul. Sonya showed Rodion her "truth" - goodness, faith in people and God, sincerity. The name Sofya was chosen by Dostoevsky not by chance. Saint Sophia is the mother of the saints Faith, Hope, Love - martyrs who were brought up by their mother in the spirit of Christian values and suffered terrible suffering from the Roman authorities. So Sonya Marmeladova “educated” Raskolnikov, showed him a righteous life according to Christian precepts, the value and goodness of faith in God. She, like the ancient martyrs, fighters for the faith, did not cloud her soul, even engaging in impious occupations, for the sake of survival.
Andrei Semyonovich Lebezyatnikov is a young man full of ideas and theories. He does not differ in intelligence, therefore all his social and philosophical reflections are timid and often stupid. At the same time, Andrey Semyonovich wants to show himself smart person and bows to new, unusual social theories, such as building communes. Here you can see the analogy of the surname Lebezyatnikov with the word "fawn" - to fawn.
Dmitry Prokofievich Razumikhin is a friend of Raskolnikov, just like him, a former student. One can easily notice the analogy of his surname with the word "mind". Razumikhin sincerely cares about his friend Rodion, gives him wise advice. Dmitry Prokofievich is a strong, rational personality.
Zametov Alexander Grigoryevich - clerk, employee of the police office. You can trace the analogy of his last name with the words "note", "notice". He was a shrewd man and suspected Raskolnikov of the murder, tried to tease him, but did not open all the cards.
Life and work of Dostoevsky. Analysis of works. Characteristics of heroes
site menu
List of heroes of the novel "Crime and Punishment": a brief description of the characters (table)
The novel "Crime and Punishment" by Dostoevsky gave world literature a lot of vivid images.
Among the most famous heroes of "Crime and Punishment" is the poor student Raskolnikov, the girl of the "obscene profession" Sonya Marmeladova, the drunken official Marmeladov, the scoundrel Luzhin, and others.
Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov is a former law student. A handsome, intelligent, educated, proud, but poor young man of 23 years old. He came to St. Petersburg to study 3 years ago from the provinces. A few months ago, he dropped out of school due to poverty. Raskolnikov commits the murder of an old pawnbroker in order to test his theory about ordinary and great people.
Alena Ivanovna, 60-year-old old money-lender, widow of a collegiate secretary. An evil, greedy, heartless woman. At home, she keeps something like a "pawnshop". People pawn their things with her in exchange for money. The old woman pays little and takes high interest, taking advantage of the needs of her clients. Raskolnikov is also a client of the old woman.
Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov, 50-year-old former official, drunkard. Kind, noble man. He started drinking a few years ago when he first lost his job. Because of his drunkenness, the Marmeladov family fell into poverty.
Sofya Semyonovna Marmeladova, or Sonya, daughter of an official Marmeladov. The girl is about 18 years old. A meek, timid, selfless girl. Due to poverty, she is forced to do "obscene work" in order to feed the children of her stepmother Katerina Ivanovna. Sonya becomes a friend of Raskolnikov and his lover.
Pulcheria Alexandrovna Raskolnikova, Raskolnikov's mother, is a beautiful, intelligent and kind woman of 43 years old. Lives in poverty with his daughter Dunya. He helps his son Rodion Raskolnikov with all his might. She was left a widow many years ago, madly in love with her son and daughter. After 3 years of separation from his son, he comes to St. Petersburg to marry his daughter Dunya to Luzhin and get rid of poverty.
Katerina Ivanovna Marmeladova is the wife of the official Marmeladov and stepmother of Sonya Marmeladova. A woman of about 30 years old, smart, educated, from a good family. Apparently, a noblewoman by birth. She has three children from her first marriage. She married Marmeladov about 4 years ago, not for love, but because of poverty. She suffers heavily from her husband's drunkenness and eternal poverty. Lately she has been ill with consumption.
Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin is a man about 45 years old. Wears the rank of court adviser. Luzhin is a business man with money. He is going to open his law office in St. Petersburg. Luzhin wants to marry poor Duna Raskolnikova in order to feel like her master and savior. Luzhin is a greedy, prudent, vile and petty person. In the end, the wedding of Luzhin and Dunya is cancelled.
Dmitry Prokofievich Razumikhin (real name Vrazumikhin) is a young man, a student, a friend of Raskolnikov, a kind, open and noble person, a businesslike, hardworking man. Razumikhin falls in love with Dunya Raskolnikov and becomes her husband.
Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov is a landowner corrupted by money and idleness at the age of about 50. Former sharpie. A widower, he was married to the landowner Marfa Petrovna. Svidrigailov is in love with Dunya, but she does not reciprocate. Svidrigailov is a madcap, a tyrant, whose intentions are not always noble and pure. In the last days of his life, he commits "atypical", noble deeds, and then commits suicide.
Marfa Petrovna Svidrigailova — well wife of Mr. Svidrigailov. She is 5 years older than her husband. Dies at the age of about 55 under strange circumstances. In her death, many suspect her husband, Svidrigailov. Marfa Petrovna is an emotional, eccentric woman. In her will, she leaves Dunya 3,000 rubles as an inheritance. This money saves poor Dunya from poverty.
Andrei Semenovich Lebezyatnikov is a young man, an official, a friend of Luzhin. Luzhin is his former guardian. Lebezyatnikov serves in the ministry. He allegedly adheres to "progressive views", promotes communism, gender equality, etc., but does so inconsistently and absurdly.
Lizaveta, or Lizaveta Ivanovna — half-sister of the old pawnbroker on her father's side (they had different mothers). Lizaveta was 35 years old, she lived with her sister. She was clumsy, ugly and, apparently, mentally retarded, but kind, meek, unrequited. She was loved by those around her. Her old sister beat her and used her as a servant. Lizaveta was constantly pregnant - probably because of her dementia, she was "easy prey" for men.
Zosimov is a friend of Razumikhin, a young doctor who is engaged in the "treatment" of Raskolnikov. Zosimov is a stout tall young man of 27, slow, important and languid. He is a surgeon by profession, but at the same time he is interested in "mental illness". People around him consider him a difficult person, but they recognize him as a good doctor.
Alexander Grigoryevich Zametov - Razumikhin's friend, clerk (secretary) in the local office. He is 22 years old. He dresses in fashion, wears rings. According to Zosimov, Zametov takes bribes at work. Zametov and Raskolnikov meet in the office, where the latter comes at the request of the owner of the apartment. Between Raskolnikov and Zametov there is a serious conversation with Zametov about the murder of an old woman in a tavern.
Raskolnikov meets Nikodim Fomich when he comes to the office at the request of the landlady.
Porfiry Petrovich - investigator in the case of the murder of an old pawnbroker and her sister. Porfiry Petrovich is 35 years old. This is a smart, somewhat cunning, but at the same time a noble person. He has his own, "psychological" approach to investigating cases. You can call him a talented investigator. Porfiry puts pressure on Raskolnikov psychologically, having no official evidence against him. On the advice of Porfiry, Raskolnikov turns himself in.
Despite his explosive nature, Ilya Petrovich is a man of principles and considers himself first of all a citizen, and only then an official. Arriving at the office with a confession, Raskolnikov finds Ilya Petrovich there, to whom he confesses to the murder.
www.alldostoevsky.ru
The image of Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment". The hero of the novel "Crime and Punishment"
The novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" has been causing a lot of controversy and ambiguous assessments for a century and a half. This is due to the ideological concept of the work, which embodies the main character Rodion Raskolnikov. The causes of the crime and its behavior invariably lead the reader to reflect on the role of the individual in history, about how destructive an obsession that embraces a person’s consciousness can be.
Based on philosophical theories, questions about the superman and the "cult of heroes" that pursued Rodion worried the writer himself.
Prototypes of the main character
The image of Raskolnikov in the novel did not arise spontaneously. It has several specific prototypes.
- Twenty-seven-year-old clerk G. Chistov, who lived in Moscow. Like a hero, he killed two old women with an ax, after which he pulled out money and valuables from their chests. This news was published in the September issue of the newspaper "Voice" for 1865.
- French Lacener is a murderer who justified his crimes by acting as a fighter for justice.
- Dostoevsky's aunt A. Neofitov, who, together with the writer, claimed her inheritance. He was engaged in forging valuable tickets, which echoes Raskolnikov's idea of quick and easy enrichment.
We should also mention the great Napoleon, whose image appears on the pages of the novel. And also Pushkin's Herman. They believed that a strong personality had the right to kill a worthless little man if it would benefit everyone else. The hero of the novel "Crime and Punishment" is also guided by a similar theory.
Thus, the idea of the novel had a real basis, and was not solely the fruit of the creative imagination of the writer.
"Nowhere to Go"
The key to understanding the state of mind of Dostoevsky's hero is largely the description of St. Petersburg in the novel Crime and Punishment. life analysis ordinary people and the image is not magnificent and majestic, as it is most often presented, but a poor, stuffy, constantly pressing city - this is what turns out to be important for the writer. This is what surrounds Raskolnikov every day. His idea matures in a tiny little room, where everything: duty to the mistress, the need to pledge more or less valuable things, concern for food - makes the hero constantly feel “humiliated and insulted”. Raskolnikov's plan is becoming more and more stronger when he sees that Marmeladov lives in even worse conditions, learns about the act of Sonya, who sacrificed herself for the sake of her family, recalls the need for her sister to marry a wealthy man so that he, his beloved brother, could finish his studies. So, through the image of "yellow" and unsightly Petersburg, the image of Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment" is revealed.
On the way to the kill
The moral anguish of the young man and the constant search for ways to get out of this situation lead him to the possibility of getting rid of the useless old money-lender. The idea that her death would be a boon for many people who fell into her debtors was accidentally overheard by Raskolnikov in a tavern.
Then a series of events took place that strengthened him more and more in the correctness of the idea. This is an acquaintance with the Marmeladovs and Sonya. Letter from mother about Dunyasha's imminent marriage. A dirty scene with a drunk girl and Svidrigailov on the boulevard.
Dostoevsky gradually draws a new image of Raskolnikov in the novel Crime and Punishment. Rodion is becoming more and more convinced of the correctness of the decision made. And only a terrible dream with a dying horse shows what kind of struggle has been going on in the soul of the hero all this time. Despite the fact that fate itself, it would seem, patronizes Raskolnikov in the accomplishment of his “great” deed - this is an overheard conversation, and an ax that immediately fell into the hands, and a story with an empty room in the old woman’s house, the soul young man protests and never comes to terms with what has happened.
Development of the idea of a person who has the right
However, Raskolnikov's act is not limited to caring for the "humiliated and insulted." Arising in a small, cramped and dirty little room, his idea of social injustice is further developed.
He refers to the history of mankind. An analysis of the actions of such figures as Napoleon and his ilk leads the young man to the idea of dividing all people into “ordinary” or “trembling creatures” and “extraordinary”, “having the right”.
The image of Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment" is undergoing evolution. The hero gradually moves away from his initial thoughts. Now the main thing for him was not saving a few needy at the cost of killing an insignificant old woman, but testing his own theory in practice. Who is he, Rodion Raskolnikov: "a trembling creature" or a man who "has the right"? And all the other justifications for the act could no longer hide the absurdity of his idea.
This was followed by a “test”, which could still alert the hero and save him from a fatal step, the murder itself, constant pangs of conscience, which were aggravated by meetings with the investigator Porfiry Petrovich, and, finally, the realization of his insignificance.
The image of Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment" is rather complicated. For the author, it was more important to show how the hero’s soul was split when there was an ongoing struggle between opposite principles: love and hatred, evil and good, ugliness and beauty, etc.
The ideological concept of the novel "Crime and Punishment"
An analysis of Raskolnikov's behavior and psychological state thus shows how the idea of social injustice received a perverted development and eventually led the hero to crime. Evil, even if it is committed in the name of good, has no right to exist - the author brings the reader to this idea.
The hero of the novel "Crime and Punishment" goes to hard labor. He is still on the path of rethinking what he did, but it can be assumed that the moral purification and revival of the hero is still possible. And the real punishment for him was the moral torment caused by the realization that he could not overcome himself.
The meaning of the novel and the image of Raskolnikov
The merit of F. Dostoevsky is great, since he tried to show what power over a person the idea of his exclusivity can acquire. In this regard, the conclusion that suggests itself as a result of analyzing the image of Raskolnikov is quite obvious: any theory, no matter how justified it may be, most often turns out to be absolutely powerless in the face of the realities of life.
The system of images in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".
Through the eyes of Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov wandering around St. Petersburg, the reader sees dirty streets and dark alleys, squalid dwellings and slum hotels, brothels and taverns, where drunkenness, prostitution and other vices of society appear with their own eyes.
All the action of the novel is centered around the protagonist. The characters appearing around him seem to be called upon to emphasize or refute something in him, to justify his actions, to create a background against which his madness unfolds. But, despite this, the rest of the characters in the novel are specific social types, which, although they arise due to the main character, are in themselves very typified and therefore valuable for the development of the plot. Let's consider each in more detail.
Raskolnikov is a young man expelled from university students, a bourgeois by birth and living in extreme poverty. He, succumbing to the idea of \u200b\u200ba "extraordinary person", decided to kill. With the help of robbery, Raskolnikov hopes to save his sister from falling, to stand on his own feet and ennoble humanity with his theory. The hero is a type in which obsession and morbidity coexist very closely. Dostoevsky, on the one hand, justifies Raskolnikov, pointing to the inhuman conditions in which he has to live, and on the other hand, shows the whole inconsistency of his theory, dooming the hero's soul to the judgment of conscience.
Helping to do justice in the novel is the investigator Porfiry Petrovich, who is in fact a strong opponent of Raskolnikov. His appearance: "A plump, round and slightly snub-nosed face" - gives the impression of a very good-natured person, a simpleton. But: "The look of these eyes somehow strangely did not harmonize with the whole figure, which even had something of a woman in itself." And in fact, at first Porfiry Petrovich seems rather nice and an open person, but over time, he begins to deftly set traps for Raskolnikov. His questions inevitably lead to the frankness of the suspect. This technique reveals in Svidrigailov an experienced bloodhound and an intelligent person.
The author deliberately does not give the internal monologues of this hero and shows him only through the eyes of Raskolnikov. Winks, signs that Porfiry Petrovich makes. It is not clear whether this is the fruit of Rodion's inflamed consciousness or is actually happening. Thus, intrigue, an element of silence, is introduced into the novel. Porfiry Petrovich becomes a mysterious and therefore even terrible figure. He looks like a fox that sits in ambush and is ready at any moment to attack its victim, already exhausted by premonitions.
In the system of images of "Crime and Punishment" there is another character, who then entered the gallery of the best images of Russian literature. This is Sonechka Marmeladova, a prostitute who accidentally entered Raskolnikov's life and laid the foundation for his spiritual rebirth. In general, it should be noted that the descriptions of deprivation and suffering scattered throughout the novel are focused in the tragic depiction of the misfortunes of the Marmeladov family, which in Raskolnikov's mind are associated with the drama of his relatives.
Sonya's life, at first glance, does not have any unusual facts. But what made the author of the novel focus on this girl and generally introduce this image into the plot? First of all, the perfect purity of Sonya, which the life that she lives could not kill. Raskolnikov first sees Raskolnikov when he brings home her father, who was run over by a horse. Marmeladova was dressed according to her occupation (a flowery dress bought through third hands, a straw hat with a bright feather). But then she gradually reveals her inner world and Raskolnikov is amazed at how unhappy and pure this girl is: "Almost like a girl, modest and decent in manner, with a clear, but somewhat frightened face."
In relation to Sonya, Raskolnikov plays the role of a demon, thus, as it were, copying the behavior of Porfiry Petrovich, who plays the role of a tormentor in relation to Raskolnikov himself. But Sonya staunchly resists the attacks of the hero. Here, for example, is what she says when Raskolnikov begins to assert that Katerina Ivanovna should be hated: “If you only knew. After all, she is just like a child ... After all, her mind is just like crazy ... from grief. And how smart she was, how generous ... how kind! You don’t know anything, you don’t know anything ... ”Marmeladova’s generosity and compassion have no boundaries.
The "harmony" of personal and social benefits is promoted in the novel by the successful businessman Luzhin. Taking the main evangelical commandment for an outdated order, he opposes to it the principle of personal gain as the main condition for the prosperity of society. But the trouble is that his theory rejects all moral laws and encourages the sinful aspirations of man (avarice, vanity, envy).
In terms of inner content, Lebezyatnikov, “watching new thoughts,” adjoins Luzhin’s image, who convinces Marmeladov that “compassion is forbidden in our time, even by science, and that this is already done in England, where political Economy". Similar to them in relation to life is the old money-lender, "taking the Jewish interest." The victims of such theories are Raskolnikov's sister, Sonya, the Marmeladov family and all the "invisible" poor people of St. Petersburg.
Thus, in his novel, Dostoevsky brought to the stage bright social types (the poor, the intelligentsia, the middle class), who presented another side of St. Petersburg, different from Pushkin's, the side of the slums.
0 people have viewed this page. Register or login and find out how many people from your school have already copied this essay.
Heroes of the novel "Crime and Punishment"
In the novel "Crime and Punishment" by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, the main characters are complex and contradictory characters. Their fate is closely connected with the conditions of life, the environment in which life takes place, individual features. It is possible to characterize the heroes of Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" only on the basis of their actions, since we do not hear the voice of the author in the work.
Rodion Raskolnikov - the main character of the novel
Rodion Raskolnikov- the central character of the work. The young man has an attractive appearance. “By the way, he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark-haired, taller than average, thin and slender. An outstanding mind, a proud character, sick pride and a beggarly existence are the reasons for the criminal behavior of the hero. Rodion highly appreciates his abilities, considers himself an exceptional person, dreams of a great future, but his financial situation depresses him. He has nothing to pay for his studies at the university, he does not have enough money to pay off his landlady. The young man's clothes attract the attention of passers-by with their shabby and old look. Trying to cope with the circumstances, Rodion Raskolnikov goes to kill the old pawnbroker. Thus, he tries to prove to himself that he belongs to the highest category of people and can step over blood. “Am I a trembling creature, or do I have a right,” he thinks. But one crime leads to another. An innocent poor woman dies. The hero theory of the right of a strong personality leads to a dead end. Only Sonya's love awakens in him faith in God, revives him to life. Raskolnikov's personality consists of opposite qualities. An indifferent cruel killer gives his last pennies for the funeral of an unfamiliar person, intervenes in the fate of a young girl, trying to save her from dishonor.
Minor characters
The images of the characters who play the main role in the narrative become fuller and brighter as a result of the description of their relationships with other people. Family members, friends, acquaintances, episodic persons that appear in the plot help to better understand the idea of the work, to understand the motives of actions.
To make the appearance of the characters in the novel clearer to the reader, the writer uses various techniques. We get to know detailed description heroes, we delve into the details of the dreary interior of apartments, we consider the dull gray streets of St. Petersburg.
Sofia Marmeladova
Sofia Semyonovna Marmeladova- a young unfortunate creature. “Sonya was short, eighteen years old, thin, but rather pretty blonde, with wonderful blue eyes". She is young, naive and very kind. Drunk father, sick stepmother, hungry half-sisters and brother - that's Environment in which the heroine lives. She is a shy and timid person, unable to stand up for herself. But this fragile creature is ready to sacrifice itself for the sake of loved ones. She sells the body, engaging in prostitution to help the family, goes after the convicted Raskolnikov. Sonya is a kind, selfless and deeply religious person. This gives her strength to cope with all the trials and find well-deserved happiness.
Semyon Marmeladov
Marmeladov Semyon Zakharovich- no less significant character of the work. He is a former official, father of a family with many children. A weak and weak-willed person solves all his problems with the help of alcohol. A man dismissed from service dooms his wife and children to starvation. They live in a walk-through room in which there is almost no furnishings. Kids do not go to school, do not have a change of clothes. Marmeladov is able to drink away the last money, take the pennies earned from his eldest daughter in order to get drunk and get away from problems. Despite this, the image of the hero evokes pity and compassion, since the circumstances turned out to be stronger than him. He himself suffers from his vice, but cannot cope with it.
Avdotya Raskolnikova
Avdotya Romanovna Raskolnikova is the sister of the protagonist. A girl from a poor, but honest and decent family. Dunya is smart, well-educated, well-mannered. She is "remarkably pretty", which, unfortunately, attracts the attention of men. Character traits "she looked like a brother." Avdotya Raskolnikova, a proud and independent nature, resolute and purposeful, was ready to marry an unloved person for the sake of her brother's well-being. Feeling dignity and hard work will help her to arrange her fate and avoid irreparable mistakes.
Dmitry Vrazumikhin
Dmitry Prokofievich Vrazumikhin- the only friend of Rodion Raskolnikov The poor student, unlike his friend, does not drop out of school. He earns a living by all available means and never ceases to hope for good luck. Poverty does not prevent him from making plans. Razumikhin is a noble man. He disinterestedly tries to help a friend, takes care of his family. Love for Avdotya Romanovna Raskolnikova inspires a young man, makes him stronger and more determined.
Pyotr Luzhin
Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin- a respectable, respectable middle-aged man of pleasant appearance. He is a successful businessman, the happy fiance of Dunya Raskolnikova, a rich and self-confident gentleman. In fact, under the mask of integrity hides a low and vile nature. Taking advantage of the girl's plight, he proposes to her. In his actions, Pyotr Petrovich is guided not by disinterested motives, but by his own benefit. He dreams of a wife who would be slavishly submissive and grateful until the end of her days. For the sake of his own interests, he pretends to be in love, tries to slander Raskolnikov, accuse Sonya Marmeladova of stealing.
Arkady Svidrigailov
Svidrigailov Arkady Ivanovich- one of the most mysterious faces in the novel. The owner of the house where Avdotya Romanovna Raskolnikova worked. He is cunning and dangerous to others. Svidrigailov is a vicious person. Being married, he tries to seduce Dunya. He is accused of killing his wife, seducing young children. The terrible nature of Svidrigailov is capable, oddly enough, of noble deeds. He helps Sonya Marmeladova justify herself, arranges the fate of orphaned children. Rodion Raskolnikov, having committed a crime, becomes like this hero, as he transgresses the moral law. It is no coincidence that in a conversation with Rodion, he says: "We are one field of berries."
Pulcheria Raskolnikova
Raskolnikova Pulcheria Alexandrovna- mother of Rodion and Dunya. The woman is poor, but honest. The person is kind and sympathetic. A loving mother, ready for any sacrifice and deprivation for the sake of her children.
F. M. Dostoevsky pays very little attention to some of his heroes. But they are necessary in the course of the story. Thus, the investigation process cannot be imagined without the smart, cunning, but noble investigator Porfiry Petrovich. The young doctor Zosimov treats and understands the psychological state of Rodion during his illness. An important witness to the weakness of the protagonist in the police station is the assistant to the quarter warden Ilya Petrovich. Luzhin's friend Andrei Semenovich Lebezyatnikov returns the good name to Sonya and exposes the false groom. The seemingly insignificant events associated with the names of these heroes play an important role in the development of the plot.
The meaning of episodic persons in the work
On the pages of the great work of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, we also meet other characters. The list of heroes of the novel is supplemented by episodic characters. Katerina Ivanovna, Marmeladov's wife, unfortunate orphans, a girl on the boulevard, Alena Ivanovna, the greedy old pawnbroker, ill Lizovet. Their appearance is not accidental. Each, even the most insignificant image, carries its own semantic load and serves to embody the author's intention. Important and necessary are all the heroes of the novel "Crime and Punishment", the list of which can be continued further.
"Crime and Punishment": the main characters. Characteristics of Raskolnikov
Each of us must have heard the story of an old woman killed with an ax by a crazy student - this is Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. The main characters are woven into a chain of complex events from which they find a way out. The work will teach everyone to live judiciously, sincerely forgive and love passionately.
History of writing a novel
"Crime and Punishment": the main characters of the work
In the novel, the author involved a few people around whom the main series of events takes place. The protagonist- Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, a retired student who decides to kill Alena Ivanovna, an old pawnbroker. Lizaveta is the sister of the pawnbroker, who also dies at the hands of a young man. An experienced investigator, Porfiry Petrovich, takes on the task of solving the crime. Pulcheria Alexandrovna and Avdotya Romanovna are the mother and sister of Rodion Raskolnikov. The family lives modestly and tries to help a poor student. Dunya was even listed as a servant of Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov, who tried to corrupt her. In order to completely forget her past, the girl accepts the proposal of the wealthy Mr. Petr Petrovich Luzhin to marry and move to St. Petersburg. Andrey Semenovich Lebezyatnikov is a retired official who lives in a small apartment with his wife Katerina Ivanovna and three small children. Raskolnikov falls in love with his eldest daughter Sonya, who will later be his salvation. Dmitry Prokofievich Razumikhin is a true friend of Rodion, who takes care of Dunya and Pulcheria Alexandrovna in difficult times.
The main storyline of the novel
Rodion Raskolnikov lives on his mother's money and sometimes sells his things to the pawnbroker Alena Ivanovna. The old woman annoys him so much that he guesses the time, bursts into the apartment and hacks her with an ax. Suddenly, sister Elizabeth returns, who also becomes an unfortunate victim. He acted like a cruel person, but Raskolnikov's characterization - his positive qualities - allows readers to look at him from the other side. He is obsessed with the desire to take possession of the old woman's wealth only because he is poor himself, but his conscience does not allow him to appropriate the loot, and he gets rid of the profit.
After the crime, Avdotya Romanovna and Pulcheria Alexandrovna visit Rodion and try to help him - he seems sick to them. In the first chapters, Raskolnikov meets the bankrupt official Lebezyatnikov in a tavern, who, drunk, throws himself under a horse and dies. Due to an accident, Rodion recognizes the family of the deceased and draws attention to his eldest daughter Sonya, to whom he confesses to the murder of the old woman and her sister. The understanding girl asks him to repent, and the investigator is in no hurry to put him in jail and allows him to walk free for several days.
Epilogue analysis
In the afterword, the author tells about the imprisonment of the protagonist in a Siberian fortress. Here, Raskolnikov's characterization changes - he becomes sensual and conscientious, repents of a crime and does not try to justify himself. Dunya tells her mother that her son has gone on a long business trip, but the old woman, without waiting for him, dies of illness. Razumikhin does not leave his friend in trouble and decides to move to Siberia. Struck by the nobility of a friend, Dunya marries this man. Sonya found all ways to see Rodion - they love each other, and neither distance nor sentence frightened them.
Female and male images in the novel
In each work of heroes can be divided into positive and negative. The images in Crime and Punishment are so colorful that the reader cannot immediately evaluate them. Dostoevsky depicts Raskolnikov as a two-faced man: the criminal has a big loving heart, a desire to help his neighbor, a desire to repent. There is also an ambiguous opinion about Lebezyatnikov - he is a big drinker, rarely remembers his family, but his naivety and unstable financial situation become an excuse for this. The description of the unhappy life of a bankrupt official is given several pages in the novel Crime and Punishment.
The main characters of the work are predominantly positive, and among the secondary ones, two negative male images stand out - Svidrigailov and Luzhin. Razumikhin - best friend Raskolnikov, who is support for himself and his family. The female images of Pulcheria Alexandrovna, Dunya and Sonya are idealized in the novel, and it is impossible to assess the old pawnbroker alone: she seemed mean and evil to the hero, and Dostoevsky is silent about her other qualities.
Execution cannot be pardoned
People are born and die day after day, and it begins to seem to Raskolnikov that there is nothing wrong if he kills the old pawnbroker. But is he right to think so? The novel "Crime and Punishment" raises complex philosophical questions, the answers to which are subsequently found by the hero himself.
Rodion thinks for a long time whether to “execute” the old woman or “pardon”, but still doubts the need for her existence, and therefore decides that if she ends up in the next world, everyone will be calmer. At the scene of the crime, the killer behaves less confidently: he is lost and is not even able to endure all the wealth of the pawnbroker. He is tormented by hallucinations, phobias, he goes crazy with hopelessness. It would be better if he pardoned Alena Ivanovna, because now, after her death, he was left with nothing.
Characteristics of Rodion Raskolnikov: is he a trembling creature or has a right?
The protagonist does not have manic inclinations, and he decides to kill Alena Ivanovna consciously. The old woman lives her life alone with wealth, which is more suitable for orphans, and not for one who does not need anything. Raskolnikov's plan seems extremely simple, but the hero does not think about the consequences. This youthful naivete was the cause of the subsequent failures of the poor student. The novel "Crime and Punishment" teaches you to think about the consequences, and not be as unreasonable as the main character.
Raskolnikov faces a dilemma: is he a trembling creature or has a right? The hero believes that in this world he must establish himself through murder, having fulfilled his main desire - this is what he would have done the strong man. This philosophy leads Raskolnikov to a dead end.
What fate does F. Dostoevsky choose for the hero? "Crime and Punishment" as a warning novel
Even the most terrible villain has the right to be justified. Raskolnikov's act can be understood: the author first deprives him of his mind, and then directs him to let the truth. Rodion is experiencing pangs of conscience, not because he committed a crime, but because he considered himself "having the right."
Raskolnikov is very young and stupid, and it would be wrong to condemn him. Having obeyed the slogan “the end justifies the means”, he kills Alena Ivanovna, but for a reason - he takes care of his mother, the future of his sister, helps the family of the late Marmeladov, thinks about disadvantaged children and is going to allocate part of the money to needy orphans. If he were a wealthy person, he would never commit murder, and then the crime and punishment would not have been committed. The main characters - Rodion's friend, his mother and sister - do not condemn him, but try to understand. Sincere repentance exalts any criminal, and the repentant Raskolnikov will be worthy of a different life with a person who will always be there, help and support - with Sonya Marmeladova. Dostoevsky chooses an ending when a person's life does not end on the scaffold, but continues.
Sonechka Marmeladova: savior and guardian angel
Love can work miracles. It changes a person from the inside, directs to the path of truth and gives an incentive to live on. For Rodion Raskolnikov, Sonya turned out to be a salvation. "Crime and Punishment" tells how the main character changes after meeting this girl: without her, he would have died in prison from illness and boredom, he would hardly have realized his act, would not repent. Before confessing to the murder, he goes outside and kisses the ground, sincerely regrets what happened.
The work describes the love of two unfortunate people who have become happy in their own way. Someday Raskolnikov will be released from prison, and he and Sonya will live a full life and will thank fate for allowing them to meet each other after many trials.
- Who will receive a pension in April 2018 Who will receive a pension in April 2018 An increase in pensions in April 2018 should not be expected by all pensioners, but only by those citizens who receive social benefits. A social pension payment is a monthly cash […]
- Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation of August 7, 2015 No. 245 “On Approval of the Rules for Calculating the Time of Delivery of Goods, Empty Freight Cars by Rail” In accordance with Article 33 of the Federal Law of January 10, 2003 No. 18-FZ “Charter […]
- the federal law Russian Federation No. 171-FZ of June 23, 2014 Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 171-FZ of June 23, 2014 "On Amendments to the Land Code of the Russian Federation and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" Published: June 27 […]
- Renault Logan how much does OSAGO cost before they could charge a wear rate of up to 80%, i.e. in case of replacement of the part, 20% of the cost of the new part is paid. now the maximum depreciation is 50%, in any case, the oldest car will be paid at least 50% of the […]
- I am opening an IP for a modest food stall, but besides, the time has come for me to open an IP for AVON cosmetic products, in AVON - according to the USN-6%. How to be? I didn’t understand the question, but I’ll try to answer) You can conduct many activities - you can combine the simplified tax system and UTII. Question asked […]
- Tax Code of the Russian Federation Article 333.19. Sizes of the state fee in cases considered by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, courts of general jurisdiction, justices of the peace 1. In cases considered by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in accordance with civil […]
- Retirement of an employee and the work of pensioners Published in the magazine "Personnel of the enterprise" No. 3 year - 2011 CEO Actual Management LLC, Ph.D. Any employer sooner or later faces the retirement of their employees. The issue of retirement […]
- Conditions for assigning a labor pension in the event of the loss of a breadwinner The disabled members of the family of the deceased breadwinner, who were dependent on him, have the right to a labor pension in the event of the loss of the breadwinner. The family of the missing breadwinner is equated with the family of the […]
"Crime and Punishment" the main characters of the novel went down in history and are quite multifaceted.
"Crime and Punishment" main characters
In total, there are more than 90 characters in the novel, of which about 10 are central, having sharply defined characters, views, and an important role in the development of the plot.
The protagonist of "Crime and Punishment" Rodion Raskolnikov, a student expelled from the institute for non-payment.
Old woman, Alena Ivanovna,— a pawnbroker with whom he pawns his belongings.
Svidrigailov Arkady Ivanovich- “Fifty years ... His hair, still very thick, was completely blond and a little bit gray, and a wide, thick beard, descending like a shovel, was even lighter than his head hair. His eyes were blue and looked coldly, intently and thoughtfully; red lips"
Katerina Ivanovna Marmeladov's wife She is about thirty years old. After the death of her drunken husband, she was left with three children in her arms and in poverty.
Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov- titular adviser.
Sofia Marmeladov - daughter of Semyon Marmeladov. The girl is 18 years old. Sonya's crimes are sacrificial in nature, as she goes to the panel for the sake of loved ones who die in poverty. Sonya is trying to show Raskolnikov the right path by reading him the Gospel. Sonya feels love and compassion for Rodion, therefore, without hesitation, she shares his fate with him and goes with him to Siberia. At the end of the novel, Rodion finally understands what happiness it is that such a girl loves him.
Dunya Raskolnikova- the sister of the main character Rodion. She is young, attractive and graceful, and therefore is not deprived of attention from the opposite sex. She's 22. Dunya is strong in character and self-confident. In her desire to marry Luzhin, she rather pursues the goal of not getting rich, but somehow helping her brother with his studies.
Pulcheria Alexandrovna Raskolnikova- mother of Rodion and Dunya; needy widow and defenseless woman aged 43. The woman is tormented by the alienated behavior of her son. She does not know about Rodion's crime, but she guesses that something is tormenting him. She and Dunya (Avdotya Romanovna) somehow earn a living and help their son Rodion with money so that he does not drop out of school. She, despite her mature age, retained her former beauty. Although she dressed poorly, she always looked neat and dignified. Before her death, the heroine managed to bless her daughter Dunya to marry Razumikhin.
Luzhin Petr Petrovich arrogant man 45 years old. Luzhin is a businessman who, first of all, seeks benefits for himself in everything. Luzhin cannot truly love, he only wants to possess. He looks at Dunya as a beautiful thing that can be bought.
Razumikhin Raskolnikov's only real friend. Real surname hero - Vrazumikhin, one everyone calls him Razumikhin. He is the same poor student as Raskolnikov, but a nobleman by birth.
Lizaveta- sister of Alena Ivanovna. The novel says about her "a tall, clumsy, timid and humble girl, almost an idiot, 35 years old, unmarried, who was in complete slavery to her sister."
Porfiry Petrovich- This is an investigator leading the case of the murder of an old usurer.
Each of us must have heard the story of an old woman killed with an ax by a crazy student - this is Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. The main characters are woven into a chain of complex events from which they find a way out. The work will teach everyone to live judiciously, sincerely forgive and love passionately.
History of writing a novel
"Crime and Punishment": the main characters of the work
In the novel, the author involved a few people around whom the main series of events takes place. The main character is Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, a retired student who decides to kill Alena Ivanovna, an old pawnbroker. Lizaveta is the sister of the pawnbroker, who also dies at the hands of a young man. An experienced investigator, Porfiry Petrovich, takes on the task of solving the crime. Pulcheria Alexandrovna and Avdotya Romanovna are the mother and sister of Rodion Raskolnikov. The family lives modestly and tries to help a poor student. Dunya was even listed as a servant of Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov, who tried to corrupt her. In order to completely forget her past, the girl accepts the proposal of the wealthy Mr. Petr Petrovich Luzhin to marry and move to St. Petersburg. Andrey Semyonovich Lebezyatnikov is a retired official who lives in a small apartment with his wife Katerina Ivanovna and three small children. Raskolnikov falls in love with his eldest daughter Sonya, who will later be his salvation. Dmitry Prokofievich Razumikhin is a true friend of Rodion, who takes care of Dunya and Pulcheria Alexandrovna in difficult times.
The main storyline of the novel
Rodion Raskolnikov lives on his mother's money and sometimes sells his things to the pawnbroker Alena Ivanovna. The old woman annoys him so much that he guesses the time, bursts into the apartment and hacks her with an ax. Suddenly, sister Elizabeth returns, who also becomes an unfortunate victim. He acted like a cruel person, but Raskolnikov's characterization - his positive qualities - allows readers to look at him from the other side. He is obsessed with the desire to take possession of the old woman's wealth only because he is poor himself, but his conscience does not allow him to appropriate the loot, and he gets rid of the profit.
After the crime, Avdotya Romanovna and Pulcheria Alexandrovna visit Rodion and try to help him - he seems sick to them. In the first chapters, Raskolnikov meets the bankrupt official Lebezyatnikov in a tavern, who, drunk, throws himself under a horse and dies. Due to an accident, Rodion recognizes the family of the deceased and draws attention to his eldest daughter Sonya, to whom he confesses to the murder of the old woman and her sister. The understanding girl asks him to repent, and the investigator is in no hurry to put him in jail and allows him to walk free for several days.
Epilogue analysis
In the afterword, the author tells about the imprisonment of the protagonist in a Siberian fortress. Here, Raskolnikov's characterization changes - he becomes sensual and conscientious, repents of a crime and does not try to justify himself. Dunya tells her mother that her son has gone on a long business trip, but the old woman, without waiting for him, dies of illness. Razumikhin does not leave his friend in trouble and decides to move to Siberia. Struck by the nobility of a friend, Dunya marries this man. Sonya found every way to see Rodion - they love each other, and neither distance nor sentence frightened them.
Women's and in the novel
In each work of heroes can be divided into positive and negative. The images in "Crime and Punishment" are so colorful that the reader can not immediately evaluate them. Dostoevsky portrays Raskolnikov, the criminal has a big loving heart, a desire to help his neighbor, a desire to repent. There is also an ambiguous opinion about Lebezyatnikov - he is a big drinker, rarely remembers his family, but his naivety and unstable financial situation become an excuse for this. The description of the unhappy life of a bankrupt official is given several pages in the novel Crime and Punishment.
The main characters of the work are predominantly positive, and among the secondary ones, two negative male images stand out - Svidrigailov and Luzhin. Razumikhin is Raskolnikov's best friend, who is support for himself and his family. The female images of Pulcheria Alexandrovna, Dunya and Sonya are idealized in the novel, and it is impossible to assess the old pawnbroker alone: she seemed mean and evil to the hero, and Dostoevsky is silent about her other qualities.
Execution cannot be pardoned
People are born and die day after day, and it begins to seem to Raskolnikov that there is nothing wrong if he kills the old pawnbroker. But is he right to think so? The novel "Crime and Punishment" raises complex philosophical questions, the answers to which are subsequently found by the hero himself.
Rodion thinks for a long time whether to "execute" the old woman or "pardon", but still doubts the need for her existence, and therefore decides that if she ends up in the next world, everyone will be calmer. At the scene of the crime, the killer behaves less confidently: he is lost and is not even able to endure all the wealth of the pawnbroker. He is tormented by hallucinations, phobias, he goes crazy with hopelessness. It would be better if he pardoned Alena Ivanovna, because now, after her death, he was left with nothing.
Characteristics of Rodion Raskolnikov: is he a trembling creature or has a right?
The protagonist does not have manic inclinations, and he decides to kill Alena Ivanovna consciously. The old woman lives her life alone with wealth, which is more suitable for orphans, and not for one who does not need anything. Raskolnikov's plan seems extremely simple, but the hero does not think about the consequences. This youthful naivete was the cause of the subsequent failures of the poor student. The novel "Crime and Punishment" teaches you to think about the consequences, and not be as unreasonable as the main character.
Raskolnikov faces a dilemma: is he a trembling creature or has a right? The hero believes that in this world he must establish himself through murder, fulfilling his main desire - this is what a strong person would do. This philosophy leads Raskolnikov to a dead end.
What fate does F. Dostoevsky choose for the hero? "Crime and Punishment" as a warning novel
Even the most terrible villain has the right to be justified. Raskolnikov's act can be understood: the author first deprives him of his mind, and then directs him to let the truth. Rodion is experiencing not because he committed a crime, but because he considered himself "having the right."
Raskolnikov is very young and stupid, and it would be wrong to condemn him. Having obeyed the slogan "the end justifies the means", he kills Alena Ivanovna, but not just like that - he takes care of his mother, the future of his sister, helps the family of the late Marmeladov, thinks about disadvantaged children and is going to allocate part of the money to needy orphans. If he were a wealthy person, he would never commit murder, and then the crime and punishment would not have been committed. The main characters - Rodion's friend, his mother and sister - do not condemn him, but try to understand. Sincere repentance exalts any criminal, and the repentant Raskolnikov will be worthy of a different life with a person who will always be there, help and support - with Sonya Marmeladova. Dostoevsky chooses an ending when a person's life does not end on the scaffold, but continues.
savior and guardian angel
Love can work miracles. It changes a person from the inside, directs to the path of truth and gives an incentive to live on. For Rodion Raskolnikov, Sonya turned out to be a salvation. "Crime and Punishment" tells how the main character changes after meeting this girl: without her, he would have died in prison from illness and boredom, he would hardly have realized his act, would not repent. Before confessing to the murder, he goes outside and kisses the ground, sincerely regrets what happened.
The work describes the love of two unfortunate people who have become happy in their own way. Someday Raskolnikov will be released from prison, and he and Sonya will live a full life and will thank fate for allowing them to meet each other after many trials.
Mid 19th century. The poor district of St. Petersburg, adjacent to the Catherine Canal and Sennaya Square ("Crime and Punishment": the image of St. Petersburg" - a separate interesting topic). Summer evening. Raskolnikov Rodion Romanovich, a former student, leaves his closet, located in the attic, and goes to Alena Ivanovna, an old money-lender, to take the mortgage - his last valuable thing. This is how Dostoevsky begins "Crime and Punishment", a summary of which we describe.
The main character intends to kill this old woman. Rodion stops by one of the cheap taverns on the way back. Here he accidentally gets acquainted with Marmeladov, who has lost his place, drunkenly. He tells Rodion how her husband's drunkenness, poverty and consumption pushed Katerina Ivanovna, his wife, to a cruel act - to send Sonya, his daughter from his first marriage, to the panel to earn money.
The thought of killing
The next morning, Raskolnikov receives a letter from his mother from the provinces describing the troubles that Dunya, his younger sister, suffered in the house of Svidrigailov, a depraved landowner. He also learns that his sister and mother will soon arrive in Petersburg, since a groom for Dunya was found here. This is Luzhin, a prudent businessman who wants to build a marriage not on love, but on the dependence and poverty of the bride. Raskolnikov's mother hopes that this person will help Rodion to graduate from the university. Thinking about the sacrifices that Dunya and Sonya make for the sake of their loved ones, Raskolnikov affirms his intention to kill Alena Ivanovna - this is an evil worthless "louse". After all, her money will save many young men and women from the undeserved suffering. But in Rodion's soul, the disgust for violence rises again after the dream that he sees. This is a memory of childhood: Raskolnikov sees the nag being beaten to death, and the boy's heart is filled with pity for her.
Raskolnikov commits the murder of Alena Ivanovna and Lizaveta
Rodion still not only kills Alena Ivanovna, but also Lizaveta, her meek, kind sister, who unexpectedly returned to the apartment. Having miraculously gone unnoticed, Raskolnikov hides the stolen goods in a random place, without even assessing its value.
The novel "Crime and Punishment" continues with the fact that soon the protagonist discovers with horror the alienation between himself and others. From the experience, Raskolnikov falls ill, but he cannot reject the burdensome worries of Razumikhin (university comrade). From a conversation with the doctor of the latter, the main character learns that the painter Mikolka has been arrested on suspicion of the murder of Alena Ivanovna. This is an ordinary country boy. Reacting painfully to talk about a crime committed, Rodion arouses suspicion among those around him.
Luzhin's visit
Luzhin, who came on a visit, is shocked by the furnishings of Rodion's closet. Their conversation gradually develops into a quarrel, after which it ends with a break. Raskolnikov is especially offended by the closeness of the conclusions that Luzhin draws from "reasonable egoism" - the protagonist's own "theory" that it is possible to kill people. Luzhin's theory seems vulgar to him.
Raskolnikov gives money to the Marmeladovs
A sick young man, wandering around St. Petersburg, suffers, feeling alienated from the world. At this time, the image of St. Petersburg reappears in the work "Crime and Punishment", periodically appearing in the novel. The protagonist was already ready to confess to the authorities in the crime. Suddenly, in the novel Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov notices a man crushed by a carriage. This is Marmeladov. Out of compassion, Rodion spends the last of his money on a dying man: the doctor is called, Marmeladov is transferred to the house. Here Raskolnikov meets Sonya and Katerina Ivanovna. Sonya, dressed as a prostitute, says goodbye to her father. The protagonist of the novel "Crime and Punishment" helped the Marmeladovs and, thanks to this good deed, felt for a short time a community with people. But, having met his sister and mother at his apartment, he suddenly realizes himself "dead" for the love of relatives and drives them rudely. Raskolnikov is alone again. He hopes to get closer to Sonya, who, like himself, has "stepped over" an absolute commandment.
Raskolnikov's visit to the investigator, his "theory"
Razumikhin takes care of Rodion's relatives. He falls in love almost at first sight with Dunya. The offended Luzhin, meanwhile, puts the bride before a choice: either her brother, or him. Rodion, as if in order to find out about the fate of the things pawned from the murdered woman, but in fact - in order to dispel the suspicions of some of his acquaintances, asks himself to meet with the investigator Porfiry Petrovich, who is conducting the murder case of Alena Ivanovna. Porfiry recalls Rodion's article "On Crime", published recently in the newspaper. He invites the author to explain the theory in which the idea of "two categories of people" is developed. According to Raskolnikov, the "ordinary" majority is only material for the reproduction of the population. He needs a strict moral law and obedience. This category is "trembling creatures". There are also "higher" (actually people) who have the gift of a "new word". These people, in the name of the best, destroy the present, even if it is necessary for this to "step over" the moral norms previously established for the "lower ones", for example, to kill a person. Then these "criminals" become the creators of new laws. That is, by not recognizing the laws mentioned in the Bible ("do not steal", "do not kill", etc.), Raskolnikov thereby "allows" some people to shed "blood in conscience." Porfiry, smart and insightful, unravels the ideological killer in the hero, who claims to be Napoleon. However, the investigator has no evidence against Rodion - and he lets him go in the hope that his good nature will win in him. This will lead to the fact that Raskolnikov himself confesses to his deed.
The hero of the novel "Crime and Punishment", according to the chapters described by us, gradually becomes more and more convinced that he made a mistake in himself. Rodion is tormented by the "meanness" and "vulgarity" of a single murder. He understands that he is a "trembling creature": having killed, he could not overstep the law of morality. The motives for the crime in the mind of Rodion are twofold: this is both an act of "justice" and a test of "the highest level" of oneself.
Meeting with Svidrigailov
Svidrigailov, who arrived in St. Petersburg after Dunya, apparently guilty of the recent death of his wife, meets Rodion Raskolnikov and says that they are "of the same field", only Rodion has not yet completely "defeated Schiller" in himself. Raskolnikov, with all his disgust for this man, is attracted by his apparent ability to enjoy life, although Svidrigailov, the hero of the novel Crime and Punishment, committed so many crimes ... The characterization of this character is presented below, after a brief summary.
Exposing Luzhin
A decisive explanation with Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin takes place during dinner in one of the cheap rooms. Luzhin, one of the two "twins" of Raskolnikov in the novel "Crime and Punishment", settled here out of economy with Dunya and his mother. An analysis of the character of this hero is also presented at the end of the article. The groom is accused of slandering Sonya and Raskolnikov. Luzhin allegedly gave Sonya money for base services, which were selflessly collected by his mother for his studies. The groom, expelled in disgrace, is looking for a way to discredit Rodion in the eyes of his mother and sister.
Raskolnikov visits Sonya
Meanwhile, Raskolnikov, once again feeling a painful alienation from his loved ones, decides to come to Sonya. He seeks salvation from loneliness from this girl who has transgressed the commandment. However, Sonya is not alone. For the sake of others (hungry sisters and brothers), she sacrificed herself. This was done to her not for her own sake, like Rodion. Compassion for loved ones, love, faith in God never left Sonya. She reads the gospel lines to the protagonist about how Jesus resurrected Lazarus, hoping that a miracle will happen in her life. The hero fails to captivate Sonya with his "Napoleonic" plan to dominate the "anthill".
Second meeting with Porfiry
Rodion, tormented by both the desire for exposure and fear, comes again to Porfiry, allegedly worrying about the mortgage. In the end, at first glance, an abstract conversation on the topic of the psychology of criminals brings the young man to a nervous breakdown. He practically impersonates Porfiry. Rodion is saved by the unexpected confession of the painter Mikolka in the murder of the pawnbroker.
The second exposure of Luzhin
A commemoration for the father and husband was held in the Marmeladovs' room. During them, Katerina Ivanovna insults the hostess of the apartment in a fit of morbid pride. This woman tells her to leave immediately with the children. Suddenly, Luzhin appears, who lives in the same house, and says that Sonya stole a hundred-ruble banknote from him. The "guilt" of the girl is proved: money is found in the pocket of her apron. In the eyes of others, she is now also a thief. However, suddenly there is a witness who says that Luzhin himself slipped Sonya a piece of paper. The slanderer is disgraced, and Raskolnikov explains the reasons for his act as follows: having humiliated Sonya and his brother in the eyes of Dunya, he wanted to return the favor of his bride.
Raskolnikov confesses to Sonya in the murder
"Crime and Punishment" chapter by chapter continues with the fact that Rodion confesses to Sonya in the murder. It happens in the following way. Raskolnikov goes to her apartment. Here the hero confesses to Sonya that he killed Lizaveta and the old woman. The girl pities Rodion for the moral torments to which he doomed himself. She offers Raskolnikov to atone for his guilt by hard labor, confessing everything voluntarily. Rodion, on the other hand, laments only that he turned out to be in fact a "trembling creature", with a need for love and conscience. He replies: "I'll still fight." Meanwhile, Katerina Ivanovna finds herself on the street with the children. She dies of a throat bleed after refusing a priest. Svidrigailov, who is present here, agrees to pay for the funeral, as well as provide for Sonya and the children.
Raskolnikov is found at home by Porfiry, who convinces him to turn himself in. The investigator does not believe that Mikolka is to blame. He only "accepted suffering", following the primordial people's need for atonement for the sin of inconsistency with Christ, his ideal.
However, Rodion still hopes to "transcend" morality. He sees before him the example of Svidrigailov. The sad truth is revealed to the hero by their meeting in the tavern: the life of this "villain" is empty and painful.
Dunya's reciprocity remains the only hope for Svidrigailov to return to God. Convinced that the girl does not love him, he commits suicide a few hours later. So this hero is eliminated from the work "Crime and Punishment". An analysis of this character will be made at the end of the article.
Raskolnikov decides to confess and says goodbye before that to Sonya and family. He still remains convinced that his "theory" is correct. Rodion is filled with contempt for himself. But, at the insistence of Sonya, Raskolnikov repentantly kisses the earth in front of the people, since he "sinned" before her. He learns at the police office that Svidrigailov committed suicide, after which he confesses to the murder of Alena Ivanovna.
Raskolnikov in Siberia
Dostoevsky continues his novel ("Crime and Punishment"). Summary events that occurred in the epilogue of the work, the following. Raskolnikov in Siberia, in prison. His mother died of grief, and Dunya married Razumikhin. Sonya settled near the main character and visits him, patiently enduring his indifference and gloom. And here the nightmare of alienation continues: the convicts from the common people hate him, considering them "godless". To Sonya, on the contrary, they treat with love and tenderness, which we learn about by reading the epilogue. "Crime and Punishment" in this part of the work also describes another dream of Raskolnikov. Rodion, once in the prison hospital, has a dream that resembles pictures from the Apocalypse. Inhabiting people, the mysterious "trichinas" give rise in them to a fanatical conviction that they are right and intolerant of the opinions of others. In senseless rage, people killed each other until the entire human race was exterminated, except for a few "chosen ones." Finally, it is revealed to Rodion that pride of the mind leads to death and discord, and humility of the heart is the path to the fullness of life and unity in love. In the hero, "endless love" awakens for Sonya. He takes the gospel into his hands on the threshold of his "resurrection" for a new life.
Thus ends Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment. The summary does not describe in detail the relationship between the characters in the novel. For this purpose, we decided to supplement the article with a description of the main characters. We present you the images created by Dostoevsky.
"Crime and Punishment": the heroes of the work
In the system of characters, Raskolnikov occupies a central place, since it is to him that the main lines of the story lead. The image of Raskolnikov connects various situations and episodes of the novel. The rest of the characters appear on the stage primarily because they are needed to characterize Rodion. They make him argue, worry about them, sympathize, cause the main character to have a whole stream of various emotions and impressions. This is how the image of Raskolnikov is revealed.
The system of characters in this work is dynamic. The ratio of actors and heroes who have left the stage in the novel "Crime and Punishment" is constantly changing. Analyzing the work, one can notice that some of them cease to participate in the development of the novel, while others, on the contrary, appear. So, Marmeladov dies (Part Two, Chapter Seven), Katerina Ivanovna (Part Five, Chapter Five), Luzhin appears for the last time in Part Five (Chapter Three), Porfiry Petrovich - in the sixth (Chapter Two), and Svidrigailov decides to shoot himself in sixth part (chapter six).
The character system changes significantly as the epilogue begins. "Crime and Punishment" becomes a work in which only two characters remain. This is Rodion and Sonya. This is due both to the eventful side of the novel, and to the fact that it is Sonya, according to the author's intention, who should play in the fate of Raskolnikov. special role, to help this hero be reborn to a new life in the finale of the work "Crime and Punishment". Raskolnikov returning to God and people.
The characters, each in their own way, reveal various aspects of Rodion's personality. Raskolnikov's relationship with his mother, sister, Svidrigailov, Luzhin, Marmeladovs, Razumikhin, Porfiry Petrovich, Sonya can be described as conflict. Raskolnikov has an outward resemblance to many of them (material and social position, relations with conscience and law). However, internal differences (psychological, moral, ideological) are more important, which do not allow Rodion to lead a life similar to the one they lead.
Raskolnikov has two spiritual "doubles". In the novel Crime and Punishment, these heroes are Svidrigailov and Luzhin. These two characters have a lot in common with the main character. They are united, for example, by the principle of permissiveness. However, the resemblance of the protagonist to his "doubles" is purely external. You can verify this by comparing moral character and the worldview of these two characters with the inner appearance of Raskolnikov.
Rodion has his own way in life. A number of possibilities open before him. He may try to atone for his guilt by repenting, or follow the path of crime to the end. Rodion has to make a choice. Various life opportunities are represented by the secondary characters of the novel. Raskolnikov can reject them or accept them in the work "Crime and Punishment".
Marmeladova Sonya is the moral antipode of Rodion. However, these heroes have something in common: both of them are outcasts, both are lonely. Raskolnikov feels this, telling the girl that they are "cursed together." He is drawn to Sonya, as she is the only person who can understand him in Crime and Punishment. Sonya is the only one to whom Rodion is ready to fully reveal his soul. The hero is horrified by the thought of the possibility of telling someone else his secret, even a close person (Razumikhin, mother, sister). Therefore, it is to her that he confesses to the murder, and it is this heroine who follows the protagonist of the work "Crime and Punishment" to "hard labor". Sonya is capable of self-sacrifice, it is through her that this theme is largely revealed in the work.
"Crime and Punishment" is a novel about faith and love. Sonya understood with her heart in the confession of this hero the most important thing: Rodion is suffering, he is unhappy. The girl did not understand anything in his theory, but she felt that it was unfair. Sonya did not believe that there was a "right to kill." The girl, despite all the misfortunes experienced, kept her faith in God. Therefore, it can be called a criminal only outwardly. She chose a different path than Rodion. This is humility before God, not rebellion. It is he who, according to Dostoevsky, leads to salvation. Sonya, resigned, saves not only herself, but also the main character. It was love for this girl that opened up the opportunity for Rodion to come to terms with people, with life. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the attitude of the convicts towards him changed after a meeting with Sonya.
Arkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov is one of the central characters in the work. This is a nobleman who served in the cavalry for two years. After that, he was a sharper in St. Petersburg. Having connected his life with Marfa Petrovna, who bought him out of prison, he lived in the village for seven years. This is a cynic who loves debauchery. A number of serious crimes lies on his conscience. This is the suicide of Philip, the servant, as well as the 14-year-old girl who was insulted by him. Perhaps Svidrigailov also poisoned his own wife. As if the nightmare of the protagonist generated the image of this double of Raskolnikov. He, unlike Rodion, is on the other side of good and evil. At first glance, Svidrigailov has no doubts. That is why he is so worried about the main character, who feels that Arkady Ivanovich has power over him, that he is mysterious. The moral law no longer has power over Svidrigailov. He is free, but it does not bring him joy. Arkady Ivanovich is left with only vulgarity and worldly boredom. Trying to overcome it, he has fun as he can. Ghosts appear to him at night: the servant Philip, Marfa Petrovna ... The indistinguishability of good and evil renders this hero meaningless. Therefore, it is no coincidence that eternity appears to Svidrigailov in the form of a village bathhouse with spiders. His soul is practically dead. The hero, in the end, decides to shoot himself with a gun.
The second "double" of Raskolnikov is Pyotr Petrovich Luzhin. "Crime and Punishment" is a novel in which he is presented as a type of "capitalist" and businessman. He is 45 years old. This is a portly, prim, with a squeamish and cautious physiognomy. He is arrogant and sullen. Luzhin dreams of opening a law office in St. Petersburg. This hero highly values his abilities and his mind. After reading the novel "Crime and Punishment", you will see that he is used to admiring them. However, Luzhin values money most of all. In the name of "economic truth" and "science" he defends progress. Luzhin preaches from other people's words, as he has heard enough of the speeches of Lebezyatnikov, his friend, a progressive. He believes that you should love yourself first of all, since everything is based on personal interest.
Luzhin, struck by the education and beauty of Dunya Raskolnikova, proposes to this girl. His pride is flattered by the thought that she, having experienced many misfortunes, will obey him all her life and revere him. Luzhin, moreover, hopes that Dunya's charm will help his career. This hero lives in St. Petersburg with Lebezyatnikov in order to "seek out" from the youth, thus insuring himself against unexpected demarches on their part. Feeling hatred for Raskolnikov, who kicked him out, Luzhin ("Crime and Punishment") tries to quarrel with his sister and mother. He gives Sonya 10 rubles during the commemoration, after which he slips another 100 into her pocket unnoticed in order to publicly accuse the girl of stealing. However, he is forced to retreat, exposed by Lebezyatnikov.