PIGGER OF INTERESTING FACTS
Target: introduce students to interesting facts on a variety of topics; develop attention, thinking, imagination, semantic memory, spatial orientation, artistic abilities.
Equipment: students have an officer's ruler, colored pencils.
Today, guys, I will introduce you to some interesting facts and invite you to complete tasks related to them.
FACT 1.
Take a look at the stars. You will notice that they are not all the same color. Why?
Stars are huge balls of hot gases. But they are not equally heated. The hottest ones glow blue. Those that are a little colder are white. Even colder - yellow. Then - orange, red ... In the end, they go out in the same way as a flashlight in which the battery has run out.
But if the stars are suns, then why do they shine so faintly?
You, of course, know the fairy tale about the crane and the fox. Treating the crane with porridge, the cunning fox smeared it on a plate. And no matter how the crane tapped its beak, it did not manage to feast on it.
And what would happen if the fox smeared this portion of porridge not on a plate, but all over the forest? It's not like a crane - a fly would not have had lunch!
So it is with the light of distant stars. The farther away the star, the wider its rays diverge. Like porridge in a fairy tale. Only they are smeared not on a plate, but all over the sky. And a tiny portion of these rays reaches us.
Task 1. with the help of an officerlines." Of course, you know that a star has the shape of a ball, but we draw it in different ways and without fail with rays. With the help of an officer's ruler, draw such a star
FACT 2.
Why is America called America and not Columbia, for example, because it was discovered by Christopher Columbus?
The fact is that the great navigator Columbus himself did not consider America to be America. Until the end of his life, he thought that he had discovered not a new continent, but a path to Asia.
But another traveler, a native of Italy, Ame-Rigo Vespucci, who was off the coast of South America Much later than the great Columbus, guessed that this was not Asia, but a new part of the world. Vespucci wrote to his friends in Italy about his guess. Thus spread the rumor about a new Continent - South America. This rumor also reached France, where the cartographer M. Waldsembler lived and worked. in 1506 he published a geographical atlas with a map of part
South America, which he called the land of Amerigo in honor of Vespucci. Colleagues of the French cartographer, who made maps after him, transferred this name first to Central America, and then to North.
Task 3. "In the same order." Read the words. Make up a short oral story with them, using these words in the same sequence.
Columbus, path, Asia, Vespucci, mainland, letter, friends, Italy, hearing, discovery, France, cartographer, atlas, America.
Example.
Navigator Columbus I thought I opened way in Asia. BUT Vespucci guessed it was mainland. He reported this in letter their friends in Italy. Hearing about openti reached France, where did the famous cartographer. He published atlas, bringing into it the open land, and called this land America.
close the words. Below, using your story, write them down in the same order.
FACT 3.
Why sign different papers? Or rather, why are they “signed” and not put on them any badge? Because the handwriting and signature of each person is very peculiar: no two people have exactly the same handwriting. It is always possible to find out whether a signature on a document is genuine or a fake.
Oddly enough, but the fingerprints of people are also completely different. You will not find two people in whom the pattern of thin lines on the fingers would be exactly the same. That is why a fingerprint on wax or just on paper has long been considered an equivalent replacement for a signature: it is impossible to fake it.
In the old days, when an illiterate person left a fingerprint on a document instead of a signature, this was called “putting a hand”. Later, there were more literate people, but all the same, they spoke about the signatory in the old fashioned way: "He had a hand in it." Little by little, the meaning of these words expanded even more: the expression “to lend a hand” began to mean, in general, participation in some kind of business, work. They began to ironically call “assault” even a fight, beatings: it seems like one “signed” on the body and face of the other.
All these various meanings mixed up.
Task 2. Helper Arrow. Use the arrows to decipher the meaning of the expression "put a hand".
Answer, Be an accomplice of any event.
FACT 4.
Of course, you remember the story about a girl who went to visit her grandmother and met a wolf along the way. Meanwhile, Little Red Riding Hood went on her first dangerous campaign ... in the 15th century! It turns out that she is neither more nor less than five centuries old.
The first fairy tales that appeared in the Middle Ages ended with the girl managing to free herself by cunning and return home safe and sound. In those days, dexterity and cunning were highly valued. Here is the heroine and circled the wolf around her finger.
Later, in In the 17th century, in the tale of C. Perrault, this original version was changed. Morals in society became stricter, disobedience was not welcomed. Therefore, the heroine, who forgot her mother's instructions, was eaten.
Even later, in the 19th century, in the fairy tale of the Brothers Grimm, Little Red Riding Hood became an example of an innocent victim. A new character has appeared - a brave hunter who saves both his grandmother and his granddaughter. The idea of obedience to parents remained, but the idea of hope for a strong patron, the one who would restore justice, was added to it.
Thus, each time interprets the same plot in its own way, sees new problems in it and offers new solutions.
Task 4. "We draw by cells." Redraw the image of the wolf's head in the cells. Add the necessary details. Color the drawing.
FACT 5.
It is difficult to imagine a dog or cat without a tail. Why do animals need a tail at all? In summer, the tail helps cows and horses fight off the invasion of flies, horseflies, mosquitoes, and gadflies.
The wolf, fox and arctic fox use their tail as a blanket - in winter they dig a hole in the snow, curl up, and cover their nose with their tail so as not to freeze. And also for foxes and wolves on the run, the tail serves as a rudder - it helps to quickly turn to the side. In the same way, she uses her tail and squirrel, only she does it in flight.
Monkeys have a tail that helps them get food. The monkey will hook on the branch with its tail, hang upside down and let's pick the fruits with its paws.
Task 5. "We are artists". With the help of gestures, facial expressions and onomatopoeia, depict the following actions of animals:
The cow chews grass, drives away flies with its tail.
The horse gallops, rears up.
The cat sneaks up on the mouse.
The monkey mimics zoo visitors.
Good day, dear friend!
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Did you know that, according to historians, the first piggy banks appeared in the seventeenth century - presumably in Germany. The forerunners of piggy banks were mugs and other lockable containers for collecting donations. By the way, such circles often contained accurate information about the purposes for which this money was collected. The fundraisers themselves could not open mugs.
Boxes for storing money in Russia were wooden, and for reliability and durability they were bound with steel strips. Head boxes with a slanted top cover were very common, so that it would be more convenient to put them at the head of the head at night.
In Europe in the Middle Ages, belts were used to safely store and accumulate money from cat skins. Financial benefits were combined with medical benefits: it was believed that such a "insulation" is useful for rheumatism.
Strangely enough, the piggy bank became a pig. In the Middle Ages in England, household dishes were made from cheap red clay - pygg. Clay pots - pygg jars - were also used to store small coins and salt. As clay began to fall out of common use, the meaning of the word pygg was forgotten. The "cheap earthenware pot" became the "pig pot."
The main manufacturer of metal reliable piggy banks in Russian Empire there was a factory "Trud", which was located in Warsaw and whose products were distinguished by elegant finishes, high security, intricate device and were often referred to as "savings banks". Their device was protected by protective certificates and patents.
In the USSR, piggy banks were banned, as they considered it philistinism. The standard piggy bank of that time is a self-made wooden box or a glass jar with a slot in the lid.
The piggy bank in Germany symbolizes well-being, which is based on frugality and thrift. In German, there is an expression "pig's happiness" - it is used only in a good way.
In Japan, there is a piggy bank - a suicide. In due time, without receiving new money, it breaks into pieces.
The most unprofitable coin in the world is a penny. Its transportation, minting and storage costs thirteen kopecks, and it is not returned to the box office, since no one pays for it.
It is regularly counted how many kopecks are in circulation. If, interspersed with 5 kopecks, they are laid out in height, then thirty thousand Ostankino towers will turn out. If they are weighed and equally divided among all the inhabitants of the country, then each will have two hundred grams.
Doctors at the University of Tennessee discovered the most unusual piggy bank while performing emergency surgery on a woman's stomach. It contained 585 pennies, 12 10 cent coins, 17 5 cent coins, 1 German mark and 8 25 cent coins.
According to historians, the first piggy banks appeared in the 17th century, presumably in Germany. Their forerunners were mugs and other lockable donation containers. By the way, such circles usually contained accurate information about the purposes for which the money was collected. The picker himself could not open the mug.
In Russia, boxes for storing money were wooden, and for strength and reliability they were bound with steel strips. The so-called head boxes with a beveled top lid were very common, so that it was convenient to put it at the head of the head at night.
In medieval Europe, belts made of cat skins were used to accumulate and safely store money. The financial benefit was combined with medical benefits: it was believed that such a “insulation” helps with rheumatism.
The piggy bank very strangely became a pig. In the Middle Ages, household dishes in England were made from cheap red clay - pygg. Clay pots - pygg jars - were also used to store salt and small coins. When clay fell into disuse, the meaning of the word pygg was forgotten. "Cheap clay pot" transformed into "pig pot". 
The main manufacturer of reliable metal piggy banks in the Russian Empire was the Trud factory in Warsaw, whose products were distinguished by high security, elegant finishes, intricate devices and were often referred to as "savings banks". Their device was protected by patents and protective certificates.
In the USSR, piggy banks were declared philistinism and banned. A typical piggy bank of those times is a wooden mushroom made in a handicraft way.
In Germany, the piggy bank symbolizes prosperity, which is based on thrift. In German, there is an expression "pig's happiness" - it is used exclusively in a good way.
In Japan, there is a piggy bank - a suicide. Not having received a new portion of money in due time, the capsule falls apart.
The most unprofitable coin in the world is a penny. Its minting, transportation and storage costs 13 kopecks, and it is not returned to the box office, since no one pays for it.
How many kopecks are in circulation - they count regularly. If you put it up - interspersed with coins of 5 kopecks - you get 30 thousand Ostankino towers. And if you weigh and divide among the inhabitants of the country - then each 200 grams.
The most unusual piggy bank was discovered by doctors at the University of Tennessee during an emergency operation on the stomach of a young woman. It contained 585 pennies, 17 5 cent coins, 12 10 cent coins, 8 25 cent coins and 1 German mark.
RAINBOW PEOPLE
The expression "to frighten crows", that is, to cause ridicule with frilly clothes, in the case of the Thai military takes on a special meaning. Once upon a time, the guards dispersed noisy merchants from the squares during the day, and noisy birds at night. Simple people the guardsmen were called “mahat lek laika”, which can be roughly translated as “the corps scared”. Now the guardsmen in bright, as if painted in Photoshop, uniforms participate in especially important ceremonial events and in the parade in honor of the birth of the king.
Source: Rainbow people // Around the world. - 2020. - No. 2. - P.17.
LET THE RIVERS FREE!
Based on the analysis of satellite images, Canadian geographers calculated that of the 246 major rivers in the world (those are considered rivers longer than 1000 km), only 37% are not blocked by dams and have not turned into reservoirs. Mostly free from dams are rivers in the Arctic and some rivers in Africa. In total, 12 million kilometers of rivers were surveyed from satellites. The freedom of river flow is important for the environment, for the maintenance of fish stocks and for the accumulation of soil off the coast of the seas, in which the water level is now rising.
In the picture: one of the largest dams in the world, built on the Yangtze River in China for the Three Gorges hydroelectric power station.
Source: Give the rivers freedom! // Science and life. - 2019. - No. 12. - P.8-9.
THE TOP OF THE "LOOST WORLD"
Described in Conan Doyle's novel, Mount Roraima is one of the oldest geological formations on Earth, which began to form about two billion years ago. You can get to the plateau crowning the table mountain (tepui) only from December to March. The rest of the time it often rains, making it difficult to climb the dirt road-stairs. The Indians call Roraima "the navel of the Earth" and believe that a queen-goddess lives on top - the progenitor of people. The mountain is also called the “mother of all waters”: waterfalls fall from the top, giving rise to several rivers. Despite the winds, a huge cloud often hangs over the plateau, as if glued to the sky.
Source: Mernova, M. Top of the "Lost World" // Around the world. - 2019. - No. 12. - P. 21.
TURQUOISE PRINT
Jewelry for an Egyptian girl is a guarantee of a prosperous future. Jewelry is part of the mahr (bride price), the amount of which is indicated in one of the articles of the akd zawwaj. So in Egypt they call the marriage contract. It is considered the main document confirming the marriage. Mahr is divided into two parts. The first, muqaddam, the groom contributes at the engagement. Usually this is jewelry or the amount of money that is spent on their purchase.
An obligatory element of a wedding dress is turquoise. This stone is considered a symbol of purity - the main requirement for a future companion. The second part of mahr is muakhar. The groom, as a rule, deposits the agreed amount into the bride's bank account. In the event of a divorce, she remains with the woman. The property of the spouses is divided according to the law, according to which each takes what belongs to him. Therefore, while doing family life large purchases, they try to indicate the name of the person who pays on the check.
The marriage contract also prescribes whether a woman can get an education, get a job and travel abroad.
Source: Daughters of the White Cloud // Around the World. - 2019. - No. 10. - P. 18.
MUSHROOM WEIGHT IN GOLD
Australian scientists have discovered for the first time a fungus that metabolizes gold to its advantage. A species of fungus Fusarium oxysporum picks up from environment gold microparticles and embeds them into its fibers. How exactly the fungus uses gold in its life is not clear, but in an environment containing gold, it grows several times better.
Gold is practically an inert metal: it does not react with other substances (with a few exceptions), it hardly oxidizes, and therefore it is useless for living organisms. It is so inert that it can be eaten - for example, in the form of gold leaf, which is used to decorate confectionery. But, as it turned out, in addition to people, there are other creatures on Earth that are not indifferent to gold. These are mushrooms.
It is not clear exactly how gold helps the fungus in life. But it can benefit people. According to the authors of the study, it can be used as a "beacon" of gold deposits.
Source: Mushroom worth its weight in gold // Knowledge is power. - 2019. - No. 9. - S. 43-44.
DAUGHTERS OF THE WHITE CLOUD
Maori greet guests not with a loaf, but with a cow. This is the name of the traditional cape made of New Zealand linen with black fringe. The higher the status of a person, the more the cow is decorated with bird feathers. Kiwi feathers are considered the most expensive. Strips of linen are hand-woven into both the traditional Pyu Pyu skirt and the top of the pari. The linen fabric is so dense that clothes made from it can be worn even at -10 °C. The traditional decoration of a Maori woman is a pounamu (jade) amulet. Maori consider this green stone to be sacred. Often the amulet is made in the form of Tiki. So the Maori call the first person. The figurine resembles an embryo, a symbol of fertility. Back at the beginning of the 20th century, the main decoration of Maori women was the ta-moko tattoo, it was applied to the chin and cheeks with the help of milk and a thin incisor. Now similar patterns are applied during the holidays with washable paint.
Source: Daughters of the White Cloud // Around the World. - 2019. - No. 8. - P. 16.
GRAND ICE CREAM CAFE
The world's largest ice cream parlor is located in Havana (Cuba). Recently, the cafe, visited by 30,000 customers every day, celebrated its fiftieth anniversary. It was built on the personal instructions of Fidel Castro, who was very fond of ice cream.
Source: Kunstkamera // Science and Life. - 2019. - No. 7. - S. 62.
MYANMAR
The capital of traditional umbrellas is Pindaya. As in the last century, sun umbrellas are made by hand in local workshops using ancient technologies. The process is similar to cooking. First, the fibers of the paper tree are dried and then boiled for 10 hours. The softened wood is beaten with mallets, again filled with water with dyes and whipped like a whisk with a stick with hooks. The resulting jelly-like mass is sent to a pallet with a mesh bottom. Decor is laid out on top: flowers and leaves. Then the mesh is lifted, excess water is drained. The paper-flower mass that has settled in an even layer on the lower part is sent to dry. From the paper thus obtained, the cloth of the umbrella is cut out and attached to the reed knitting needles. The handle is made from bamboo. The ornament is drawn on finished products.
Source: One frame // Around the world. - 2019. - No. 7. - S. 12-13.
MOUSE-BABY
A tiny mouse, like Thumbelina, can eat pollen. True, this is not her main food. Like an ordinary rodent, the baby's diet also includes seeds and insects. But, like the fairy-tale heroine, “half a grain a day” is enough for the mouse. It is the smallest European rodent. An adult can weigh only 4-6 grams.
Mice build their ball nests out of grass and hang them on plant stems. Intensively developing Agriculture gradually pushes the babies out of the fields. To save the population, animal rights activists in the UK came up with the idea of encouraging rodents to breed with tennis balls. Animal rights activists receive a portion of the 36,000 tennis balls used at Wimbledon.
Source: One frame // Around the world. - 2019. - No. 5. - S. 12-13.
CLEAN AIR FOR YOUR BABY
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City air is especially polluted at a height of about 85 cm above the ground, and in most strollers, the baby is forced to breathe air from this level, which contains 60% more pollution than the air that the mother breathes while driving the stroller. Pollution in the surface layer is both urban dust and car exhaust. In addition, the respiratory rate in young children is increased, and the defense mechanisms of the lungs are not yet fully formed.
Based on these results, an English company began producing an air filter that fits into the stroller and delivers purified air directly to the child's face.
Source: Clean air for a baby // Science and technology. - 2019. - No. 3. - S. 22.
BANGLADESH
The saying "get your sled ready in summer" has a special meaning for the people of Bangladesh. Before the monsoon season, people change cars for boats in advance. After heavy rains, when rivers overflow their banks, flooding nearby towns and villages, locals can only get to work, schools and shops by water.
Hundreds of small wooden boats line up for sale at the market. A handmade rowboat costs about 1,800 Bangladeshi Taka (about $22).
Source: One frame: Bangladesh // Around the world. - 2019. - No. 2. - S. 18-19.
MOON AND CHAMPAGNE
In 1957, after the launch of the first satellite, a certain French winemaker Henri Maier made a bet with the Soviet consul in France for a thousand bottles of champagne. The mayor claimed that no one would ever be able to look at the far side of the moon.
On October 4, 1959, on the second anniversary of the launch of the first satellite, the Soviet Luna-3 station photographed the invisible side of the Moon and transmitted its images to Earth. Photos appeared on the front pages of newspapers around the world. The winemaker pleaded defeated, but our consul declared that, since he himself had nothing to do with space success, the best thing to do was to send the loss to the USSR Academy of Sciences. And on New Year's Eve, 1960, a thousand bottles of champagne arrived in Moscow. Participants of the work drank champagne with pleasure and many kept the bottle as a keepsake.
Source: Moon and Champagne // Science and Life. - 2019. - No. 1. - S. 107.
JAPAN
Hokkaido is one of the snowiest places in the world, but in winter not only ski lovers flock here, but also whooper swans. The island is home to the active volcano Yotei, hot springs, and the largest caldera lake in Japan, Kussharo. Due to underground heat, part of the lake is not covered with ice for a long time, so every year hundreds of birds wait out the cold here.
Source: One Frame: Japan // Around the World. - 2019. - No. 1. - S. 12-13.
PINK SNOW
The bright aroma of watermelon in the mountains is not a hallucination. Snow in California's Sierra Nevada really has not only the smell, but even the color and taste of watermelon. True, eating this strange “dessert” is still not recommended. The similarity with watermelon to the snow cover is given by the waste products of unicellular algae (snow chlamydomonas). The stronger the sun shines, the brighter the shade and taste of the snow.
Naturally green algae change color in response to ultraviolet rays: in addition to green chlorophyll, the red pigment astaxanthin is formed in the cells. "Watermelon" algae are frost-resistant and are able to multiply rapidly, turning huge masses of snow into pink clouds.
Source: Mountain watermelons // Around the world. - 2018. - No. 12. - S. 24.
WHERE IS THE STATE HIDING?
Rome, the "eternal city", founded in 752 BC new era, the capital of the Roman Empire and modern Italy, is also a city-museum, decorated with many architectural monuments, which were built by brilliant masters and brilliant architects of antiquity and the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and Baroque. This - by our standards - is not a very big city, where 2 million 875 thousand people live, it also hides a whole state. Part of the territory of Rome is occupied by the Vatican - the seat of the head of the Catholic Church, the Pope. So, Rome can be called the capital of two states in a row.
Source: Little by little // Knowledge is power. - 2018. - No. 10. - S. 57.
PURE CASTE
A gold earring in her nose, mukuthi and a string of pearls are the minimum of jewelry that even a representative of the lower Shudra varna allows herself. Jewelry for Indian girls is more important than the outfit. Unmarried people often wear mukuthi in the form of small carnations. On the day of the wedding, the bride has a bulak in her nose - a heavy earring with precious stones. For married women - medium-sized rings.
Young people choose their future wife according to their physique: in India it is believed that only a puffy beauty with white teeth can give birth to healthy children and work well.
Source: Pure caste // Around the world. - 2018. - No. 10. - P. 18.
BIBLIOLADDER
(Great Britain) - tight-fitting slippers made of soft leather - uniform shoes for Scottish and Irish dancers. They are equipped with long laces that are often wrapped around the foot and ankle. Scottish gilies are usually black in color, but may be embellished with colored stitching and loops. Dancers usually wear them with high, thin socks.
ESPADRILLES
(Spain) - summer slippers with a canvas top and a flexible rope sole. At the beginning of the 14th century, they were described as the shoes of the Catalan peasants, but the French name became popular in the world. Perhaps thanks to Yves Saint Laurent, who developed the wedge-shaped model in the 1970s. One way or another, 90% of these slippers are sewn today in Bangladesh.
HAFERLSH
(Germany) - According to legend, the alpine shoemaker Franz Schratt was inspired by goat hooves in the early 19th century to create these boots. Shoes for work in the mountains were supposed to be strong. For reliability, their soles were nailed. Today they look quite urban. And they are worn with pleasure both during Oktoberfest and on weekdays.
CLOMPS
(Netherlands) - these wooden shoes are the main tourist souvenir, a historical relic and a cultural symbol at the same time. The oldest clogp found dates back to 1230. Once upon a time, all the Dutch were shod in clogs. Now only gardeners and gardeners wear these shoes. Nevertheless, about three million pairs of clogs are produced per year.
GRANDMA
(Morocco) - Street slippers, common for characters in oriental tales, made of high quality fabric or thin leather with pointed, often turned up toes, without a back. They are often decorated with fancy embroidery, ribbons, precious stones. Babouches are the main souvenir from Morocco.
JUTTI
(India) - Artfully embroidered flat-soled leather slippers are often not divided into left and right: they simply take the shape of the foot. Male and female versions differ little, but male jutti come with extended rounded toes. Usually the type of slippers depends on the specific region, and sometimes on the master.
GETA
(Japan) - Wooden sandals with two "heels", or one in the middle of the foot, or on a platform were conceived for the rainy season, so that the feet do not get dirty and wet. These shoes are an indispensable part of a professional geisha costume.
UNT, TORBASA
(Russia) - One of the warmest types of footwear in the world. Analogues of these boots with slight regional differences are in different peoples Far North. The Nanais and Udeges call them torbass, the Evenki and Yakuts call them fur boots. They are sewn with fur inside or out, with rubber, leather or felt soles, dog or deer fur is used. Previously, such boots were worn by Soviet pilots in winter, including during the Great Patriotic War.