1.1.2.4.5. Vorontsov, Ivan Illarionovich(1719-1786) - Chamber junker of Grand Duke Pyotr Fedorovich, from 1761 lieutenant general. Senator (1768)
Fedor Stepanovich Rokotov (1736-1809). Vorontsov Ivan Illarionovich (late 1760s)
Younger son Illarion Gavrilovich Vorontsov from his marriage to Anna Grigorievna Maslova. In November 1741 his elder brother Mikhail Illarionovich(1714-1767) participated in a palace coup in favor of Peter's daughter Elizabeth. The coup served as an unprecedented rise of the Vorontsov brothers. In a few years, Mikhail Vorontsov will become state chancellor, novel(1707-1783) - general-in-chief, the younger Ivan receives the rank of lieutenant of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment.
empress Elizabeth gave her second cousin to Ivan Illarionovich Maria Volynskaya returned from the monastery. She was the daughter of a cabinet minister Artemy Petrovich Volynsky And Alexandra Lvovna Naryshkina, native niece of the queen Natalya Kirillovna, cousin of Peter the Great. Volynsky in 1740 laid his head on the chopping block.
This marriage did not bring Vorontsov anything but the noble name of his wife and kinship with the royal house, while both of his brothers, by marrying rich brides, laid the foundation for the wealth of the Vorontsov counts. On the day of Vorontsov's wedding, the Empress returned the family estate of the Volynskys - Voronovo to the newlyweds.
Fedor Rokotov. Vorontsova Maria Artemievna (née Volynskaya) (March 19, 1725 - 1792), daughter of A.P. Volynsky and A.L. Naryshkina, niece of Tsaritsa Natalya Kirillovna. After the execution of her father and the confiscation of his vast fortune, at the age of 15 she was tonsured a nun in the Yenisei Nativity Monastery, and her older sister Anna - in Irkutsk Znamensky. (Late 1760s, State Russian Museum)
Vorontsova Maria Artemievna (Countess)
But their exile did not last long, in 1742 Empress Elizaveta Petrovna removed the monastic rank from them and they were released to live in Moscow, and the smallest part of their father's property was returned to them. Anna Artemyevna soon married the Count Andrei Simonovich Gendrikov(1715-1748), Maria, according to some reports, remained for some time a nun in one of the Kiev monasteries and only later entered into marriage with Vorontsov. She survived him by only a few years and died on November 17, 1792; buried, next to the ashes of her husband, in the village of Voronovo.
In 1753, Ivan Vorontsov, received the rank of captain of the Preobrazhensky regiment, two years later he was granted the court rank of chamber junker under Grand Duke Pyotr Fedorovich. In 1760, at the request of the Empress, he was elevated to the dignity of a count of the Holy Roman Empire. Upon accession to the throne, Peter III granted Ivan Illarionovich the rank of lieutenant general. When Princess Anhalt-Zerbst ascended the throne, in Orthodoxy Ekaterina Alekseevna, using the manifesto on the freedom of the nobility, Ivan Vorontsov resigned.
After retiring, Ivan Illarionovich settled with his family in Voronovo, where he took up the arrangement of the estate. According to the project of the architect Karl Blank, a manor house, the Baroque Spassky Church and the Dutch House were built in the style of burgher houses of the 16th century, extremely fashionable at that time. In 1775, Catherine II, returning from Kashira, visited the Voronovo estate. In memory of the visit, stone obelisks were placed on the main alley of the park behind the pond.
Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov died in 1786 and was buried in the Voronovo estate.
The marriage had five children:
Prenner Georg Gaspar Joseph von. Portrait of the children of Count I.I. Vorontsov. (Artemy Ivanovich and Anna Ivanovna) (1755)
1.1.2.4.5.1. Artemy Ivanovich(1748-1813), served in the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment, active privy councilor, senator, real chamberlain, godfather A.S. Pushkin, .
Fyodor Rokotov (1736-1809). Vorontsov Artemy Ivanovich (not earlier than 1765, State Tretyakov Gallery)
There is an assumption that Vorontsov in his youth could have studied at Moscow University; in 1762, in the journal "Collection of the best works", published at the university, a number of translations made by him from French and Latin were published (republished in 1787.
Early enrolled in military service, Artemy Ivanovich on April 16, 1765 was promoted from sergeant major of the Life Guards Horse Regiment to cornet in the same regiment. On August 15, 1773, Empress Catherine II granted him to the chamber junkers. Initially, Vorontsov continued to be in the regiment, but a month later, on September 10, he was expelled of his own accord with the rank of second captain and from that time was exclusively in court service.
In 1783 Vorontsov was granted a full chamberlain. In 1786, Catherine II appointed him a member of the Commission on Commerce, in which his cousin played a leading role - the actual Privy Councilor Count Alexander Romanovich Vorontsov. On September 22, 1792, Vorontsov, renamed from real chamberlains to privy councillors, was appointed a senator and determined to be present in the Fourth Department of the Governing Senate, with the resignation and a member of the Commission on Commerce.
In this capacity, Vorontsov was in the service at the time of the accession to the throne of Emperor Paul I. Initially, his service under the new emperor was successful: on his coronation on April 5, 1797, Paul I elevated Vorontsov and his cousins (A. R. Vorontsov and S. R. . Vorontsov), who already had the dignity of a count of the Holy Roman Empire, into the dignity of a count of the Russian Empire; On October 28, 1798, Vorontsov was promoted to active privy councilor and a few days later, on November 8, he was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 1st degree.
However, on September 4, 1800, Paul I dismissed from service a large group of senators (a total of 25 people), including Count Vorontsov, and some of the dismissed, including Vorontsov, were ordered "the salary they receive to produce them, for life, into retirement ". More Vorontsov did not return to the service.
During this period, Vorontsov experienced financial difficulties; in 1800, he had to sell to F.V. Rostopchin his family estate Voronovo (inherited by him from his father in 1786), the arrangement of which was done a lot by both his father I.I. Vorontsov and Artemy Ivanovich himself, commissioned by the famous architect N A. Lvov built a house-palace in Voronovo. In the year of Vorontsov's death (1813), his youngest daughter married an obscure but very wealthy nobleman A. U. Timofeev.
Levitsky D.G., Count Artemy Ivanovich Vorontsov (1748-1813) - senator, grandson of A. Volynsky, nephew of Chancellor M.I. Vorontsov. He was married to P.F. Kvashina-Samarina. (late 1780s)
In the mid-1760s, a famous artist F. S. Rokotov performed for Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov portraits of both himself and Artemy Ivanovich, who was then a young man. In the 1780s, already a prominent courtier, Vorontsov ordered a number of chamber portraits (of himself, his wife and four young daughters) to an outstanding portrait painter D. G. Levitsky, intended for the family portrait gallery (currently located in the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg).
He was married from 1773 to Praskovya Fyodorovna Kvashnina-Samarina(07/26/1749 - 10/26/1797), daughter of the chief president of the Chief Manistrat, real state councilor Fedor Petrovich Kvashnin-Samarin(1704-1770) and Anna Yurievna Rzhevskaya(1720—1781),
F. Rokotov. Anna Yuryevna Kvashnina-Samarina (1770s, The Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)
sister Sarah Yurievna Rzhevskaya, great-grandmothers A. S. Pushkin. Praskovya Fedorovna was the great-aunt of the poet, and on June 8, 1799, Artemy Ivanovich Vorontsov was his godfather at baptism in the Church of the Epiphany in Yelokhovo. According to the recall of her son-in-law, Count Buturlin, there was a woman "very reasonable and enjoyed his full confidence." She was buried at the Lazarevsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Levitsky D.G. Countess Praskovia Fyodorovna Vorontsova (1750-1797), ur. Kvashnina-Samarina, wife of Count A.I. Vorontsov (1790s)
The marriage had four daughters:
1.1.2.4.5.1.1. Maria Artemievna(1776-1866), maid of honor to Empress Maria Feodorovna. Took care of Anna Antonovna Stanker, the orphaned daughter of her second cousin Anna Yurievna Pushkina. According to the testimony of her nephew, M. D. Buturlin, she was distinguished by her extraordinary wit and remembered many stories from the life of the imperial court. In the 1820s she moved to Italy and converted to Catholicism. Died in Florence.
Levitsky D.G. Countess Maria Artemievna Vorontsova (1775-1866) - the eldest daughter of A.I. Vorontsov, maid of honor. (late 1780s)
1.1.2.4.5.1.2. Anna Artemyevna(1777-1854), since 1793 married to her second cousin, the count. She studied painting and took lessons from A. Molinari. In 1817, she left for Italy with her family and lived there until the end of her days, leading an ascetic life. She converted to Catholicism, as did four of her children. Buried in Florence.
Levitsky, Dmitry Grigorievich. Portrait of Anna Artemievna Vorontsova (1777-1854), married. Buturlin (State Russian Museum)
1.1.2.4.5.1.3. Ekaterina Artemievna(1780-1836), maid of honor of the Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna - the wife of Tsarevich Konstantin Pavlovich, whom she repeatedly visited in Switzerland. Until the end of her life, she was close to the court and kept an apartment in the Winter Palace. Last years lived in Moscow in the house of Prince S. M. Golitsyn on Prechistenka, with whose sister, Princess Elena Mikhailovna Golitsyna (1776-1855), she had long been friends.
Dmitry Grigorievich Levitzky (1735-1822) Ekaterina Artemievna Vorontsova (1780-1836) - the third daughter of Count A.I. Vorontsov (late 1780s, State Russian Museum)
Alexander Pavlovich Bryullov. Portrait of two friends and ladies-in-waiting - Countess Ekaterina Artemievna Vorontsova (1780-1836) and Princess Elena Mikhailovna Golitsyna (1776-1856) (1824-1825, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)
1.1.2.4.5.1.4. Praskovya Artemyevna(1786-1842), graduated in 1803 from the Smolny Institute with a code. In 1813 she married a Tambov landowner Alexander Ulyanovich Timofeev(1765-1832), son of a wealthy farmer. The marriage took place due to the completely upset state of Count Vorontsov. She owned an estate in the village of Vorontsovka, Tambov province.
Dmitry Grigorievich Levitzky (1735-1822) Praskovya Artemyevna Vorontsova (1786-1842), the youngest daughter of A.I. Vorontsov and P.F. Vorontsova, married Timofeev.
Fyodor Rokotov (1736-1809). Vorontsova Praskovya Artemyevna
Alexander Molinari (1772-1831) Praskovya Artemievna Timofeeva (1786-1842), the youngest daughter of A.I. Vorontsov and P.F. Vorontsova (1812/1816)
Alexander Molinari (1772-1831) Praskovya Artemievna Timofeeva (1786-1842), the youngest daughter of A.I. Vorontsov and P.F. Vorontsova. (1813)
Alexander Molinari (1772-1831) Alexander Ulyanovich Timofeev (mid. 1760s - 1838) (1813)
1.1.2.4.5.2. Anna Ivanovna(10/12/1750 - 05/05/1807), daughter of Ivan Illarionovich and Maria Artemyevna Vorontsov, was married to Major General Vasily Sergeevich Naryshkin(1740-1800), married had four children:
1.1.2.4.5.2.1. Ivan Naryshkin(1779-1818), chamber junker.
1.1.2.4.5.2.2. Praskovya Naryshkina(1783-1812), girl.
Naryshkina Praskovya Vasilievna (1783-1812)
1.1.2.4.5.2.3. Maria Naryshkina(1791-1863), in his first marriage to Major General Count de Balmain, in the second - for Alexander Dmitrievich Olsufiev(1790—1831).
1.1.2.4.5.2.4. Dmitry Naryshkin(1792-1831), active Privy Councilor, married to Natalia Fedorovna Rostopchina(1797-1866), daughter of Count F.V. Rostopchin.
1.1.2.4.5.3. Evdokia (Avdotya) Ivanovna(02/27/1755-1824), countess, daughter of Ivan Illarionovich and Maria Artemyevna Vorontsov, was not married, after her death she left her estate to the peasants.
Kaminad Alexander. Countess Evdokia Ivanovna Vorontsova (1755-1824), daughter of Count I. Vorontsov from marriage to M.A. Volynskaya, cousin of Princess E.R. Dashkova. (1814)
1.1.2.4.5.4. Illarion Ivanovich(09/09/1760 - 03/30/1790), chamber junker, son of Ivan Illarionovich and Maria Artemyevna Vorontsov, was married to Irina Ivanovna Izmailova(1768—1848),
Grigory Serdyukov. Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov (1760-1791) (1780s)
Fyodor Rokotov (1736-1809). Vorontsov Illarion Ivanovich. (1770s, State Tretyakov Gallery)
Louise Elisabeth Vigee Le Brun (1755-1842). Irina Ivanovna Vorontsova, nee Izmailova (1768-1848). (1797)
Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun (1755-1842) Irina Ivanovna Vorontsova, nee Izmailova (1768-1848). (c. 1797, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)
1.1.2.4.5.4.1. their son, Count (June 2, 1790 - June 26, 1854) - Russian diplomat, active Privy Councilor; chief master of ceremonies at the court of Emperor Nicholas I (1789); after the death of the last of the family of princes Dashkov, with the permission of Emperor Alexander I, in 1807 he became known as Count Vorontsov-Dashkov
E.Robetson. Ivan Ilarionovich Vorontsov-Dashkov (1810s, Hermitage)
The only son of the chamber junker Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov. Ivan Illarionovich lost his father in the year of his birth. Being a weak and sickly child, he spent several years abroad with his mother. They traveled extensively in Italy with their mother's sister, Princess E.I. Golitsyna.
Joseph Maria Grassi (1757-1838) portrait of Golitsyna A.I. (1800/1802)
Princess Evdokia or Avdotya Ivanovna Golitsyna, nee Izmailova (August 4, 1780 - January 18, 1850), known by the nicknames "princesse Nocturne" ("night princess") and "princesse Minuit" ("midnight princess"), is one of beautiful women of her time, the hostess of a literary salon. Until 1809 - the wife of Prince S. M. Golitsyn
Countess Irina Ivanovna was an energetic lady and was able not only to give her son an excellent education, but also to significantly increase his fortune. In August 1807, by decree of Emperor Alexander I, he, as the great-nephew of the state lady Princess E. R. Dashkova, was allowed, in order to suppress the family of the princes Dashkovs, to add the surname Dashkovs to his family name and henceforth be called, hereditarily, Count Vorontsov-Dashkov.
He served in the department of foreign affairs, in 1822-1827 he was an envoy in Munich, in 1827-1831 - an envoy in Turin. In 1831 he was granted the title of chief master of ceremonies of the Imperial Court, from April 2, 1838 - active privy councillor; served as manager of the ceremonial expedition at the Special Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Since 1846 member of the State Council; for his service he was awarded a number of the highest Russian orders, up to the Order of St. Vladimir of the 1st degree inclusive.
Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov (Vorontsov-Dashkov)
According to contemporaries, he was at one time the most prominent person among the St. Petersburg aristocracy. For the constantly cheerful expression on his face, he was called the "eternal birthday man." His house in St. Petersburg was one of the most brilliant, the most fashionable and attractive. The balls given to them were second only to court balls. As Count V.A. Sollogub:
Every winter, the Vorontsovs gave a ball, which the court honored with a visit. The whole color of the St. Petersburg world was invited to this ball, which always constituted, so to speak, an incident in the social life of the capital. On the day, or rather, on the evening of the celebration, the house-palace of the Vorontsov-Dashkovs presented a magnificent spectacle; on each step of the magnificent staircase stood two footmen in livery: below in white caftans - the livery of the Dashkovs, on the second half of the stairs in red caftans - the livery of the Vorontsovs. By ten o'clock everyone had gathered and were accommodated in anticipation of distinguished guests in the first two halls. When the news came that the sovereign and the empress had left the palace, the major-domo of the Vorontsovs—an Italian, I think, his name was Ricci (all Petersburg knew him)—in a black velvet tailcoat, short velvet pantaloons, stockings and shoes, with a sword on his side and a cocked hat under with his elbow, nimbly descended the stairs and stood, accompanied by two butlers, at the entrance; Count Vorontsov was placed on the top step of the stairs, the countess was waiting on the top platform. The Empress, leaning on the elbow of Count Vorontsov, climbed the stairs. The sovereign followed her; the empress, with her characteristic benevolence, addressed those present and opened the ball, walking a polonaise with the host. The majordomo Ricci did not leave the Empress for a second, always standing a few steps behind her, and during the dances he kept at the door of the dance hall. The empress's dinner was served on a separate small table on dishes made of pure gold; the empress dined alone; the emperor, as usual, walked between the tables and sat down wherever he pleased.
Married (from 1834) to Alexandra Kirillovna Naryshkina(1817-1856), daughter of Chief Marshal, member of the State Council K. A. Naryshkin, granddaughter of L. A. Naryshkin, M. A. Senyavina and Ya. I. Lobanov-Rostovsky, in the 2nd marriage of de Poigny
Alexandra Kirillovna Naryshkina (Vorontsova-Dashkova)
"The mistress of fashion" and the first "socialite", she was of medium height, brunette, with expressive dark eyes of an oval-oblong shape of a slightly Mongolian type, like the whole complexion of her face. The waist was impeccable and the movements graceful. Count V.A. Sollogub wrote about her:
It happened many times in my life that I met women much more beautiful, perhaps even more intelligent, although Countess Vorontsova-Dashkova was distinguished by extraordinary wit, but I never met in any of them such a combination of the most delicate taste, grace, grace with such genuine gaiety, liveliness, almost boyish mischief. Life beat in her like a living key and enlivened, brightened up everything around her. Many women subsequently tried to imitate her, but none of them could seem to be what she really was.
A.S. was a frequent visitor to her house. Pushkin, whose death she deeply experienced. M.Yu. Lermontov dedicated a poem to her: “Like a curly-haired boy, frisky, smart as a butterfly in summer ...” She served as the prototype for one of the characters in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" (Princess R.), a poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Princess" was dedicated to her.
Countess A.K. Vorontsova-Dashkova, nee Naryshkina
The marriage had two children:
1.1.2.4.5.4.1.1. Irina Ivanovna Paskevich(Irina Ivanovna Paskevich-Erivanskaya, Most Serene Princess of Warsaw) (1835 - April 14, 1925) - philanthropist, daughter of the chief master of ceremonies, real Privy Councilor Count Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov-Dashkov and Alexandra Kirillovna Naryshkina (1817-1856); sister of Count I.I. Vorontsov-Dashkov, wife since 1853 Fyodor Ivanovich Paskevich(1823-1903) (the marriage was childless), the son of the Russian commander Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich-Erivansky ..
Robillard, Hippolyte. Portrait of Princess Irina Ivanovna Paskevich (née Vorontsova-Dashkova) (1842 - 1855)
Paskevich Fedor Ivanovich (1823-1903) (1840s)
In 1856, after the death of I.F. Paskevich, she and her husband moved to Gomel. Here she became famous for her charity: she built and maintained schools (built about 10 new educational institutions and new buildings and buildings for them), paid for the education of gifted children, donated 10 rubles a month in silver for a free women's school. With her money, a men's classical gymnasium was built in Gomel (1898, now - one of the buildings of the Belarusian state university transport), contained a shelter for orphan girls, an orphanage of the city guardianship of the poor and an almshouse for elderly women. Irina Ivanovna built an eye clinic in Gomel (which existed until 1941), and allocated money for the maintenance of other hospitals. At the request, she provided any girl in Gomel with a dowry. Allocated money for the construction of aqueduct.
With the outbreak of the First World War, she organized several infirmaries and hospitals, for which she received the personal gratitude of the Emperor.
After the revolution, she presented all her property to the new authorities and lived in the apartment allocated to her until her death. She was buried near the wall of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, reburied in the 1930s at the Novikovsky cemetery (now Studenchesky Square). Later, the cemetery was liquidated, the grave was not preserved.
Irina Paskevich is also known as the first translator of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" into French.
In honor of Irina Paskevich, one of the streets in the central part of the city (Irininskaya Street, on which a monument was erected to her), the Irininskaya Gymnasium, was named. A bust of Irina Paskevich and a memorial plaque are installed on the territory of the Peter and Paul Cathedral.
1.1.2.4.5.4.1.2. son - count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov(May 27, 1837 - January 25, 1916) - Russian statesman and military leader from the Vorontsov-Dashkov family: Minister of the Imperial Court and Destinies (1881-1897), Chairman of the Red Cross (1904-1905), Viceroy in the Caucasus (1905-1916). Being a personal friend of Alexander III, after the murder of his father, he organized the so-called. Holy Squad (1881). During the First World War, he pursued a policy of patronage of the Turkish Armenians, to which the Ottomans responded with the infamous massacre.
One of the largest landowners in Russia, owner a large number industrial enterprises, as well as the Vorontsov Palace in Alupka.
Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov (1905)
In 1855 he entered Moscow University, but the next year he transferred to military service, enrolling as a volunteer in the Life Guards Horse Regiment; March 25, 1858 promoted to cornet.
Participant of hostilities in the Caucasus in 1859-1862:
1860 - promoted to lieutenant for military distinction with seniority from 09/17/1859.
From 09/21/1861 - staff captain.
11/17/1862 - promoted to captain for military distinction and granted to the adjutant wing.
In 1865, with the rank of colonel, he was sent to serve in Turkestan to General D.I. Romanovsky as chief of staff. On October 2, 1866, commanding a southern group of three assault columns, he distinguished himself in the capture of the Bukhara fortress of Ura-Tyube, and on October 18 he took a direct part in the assault on Jizzakh. On October 28, 1866, he was promoted to major general and appointed assistant to the military governor of the Turkestan region. For military distinctions during military operations in Turkestan, he was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree (1867). After the appointment of K. P. von Kaufmann as the Governor-General of Turkestan, Vorontsov-Dashkov left Central Asia and returned to Petersburg.
From October 15, 1867 to October 21, 1874 - commander of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, simultaneously from October 2, 1873 to October 21, 1874 - commander of the 2nd brigade of the 2nd Guards Cavalry Division. From October 21, 1874 to July 23, 1878, the Chief of Staff of the Guards Corps (August 30, 1876 promoted to Lieutenant General), at the same time was a member of the Committee for the Arrangement and Formation of Troops (27.10-1.12.1894) and the Council of the Chief management of the state horse breeding (1.12.1874-12.10.1878).
During the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78. commanded the cavalry of the Ruschuk detachment (at the head of the detachment was the heir to the throne, the future Emperor Alexander III). From October 12, 1878 to April 8, 1881, the head of the 2nd Guards Infantry Division.
In March 1881, Vorontsov-Dashkov organized a kind of secret society (which was supposed to protect the personality of the emperor and fight "sedition" by secret means) called "Voluntary Guard", then renamed the "Holy Squad", which was joined by many high-ranking officials ( Pobedonostsev, Ignatiev, Katkov).
One of the closest friends of Alexander III. After the accession to the throne of Alexander III on June 1, 1881, he was appointed head of his majesty's guard and head of the state horse breeding, and on August 17, 1881, also minister of the Imperial Court and destinies, chancellor of the Russian Royal and Imperial orders.
08/30/1890 - promoted to general from the cavalry.
1893 - Appointed Chairman of the Committee to consider submissions for awards.
27.10.-1.12.1894 - as part of the Committee for the organization and formation of troops.
In the spring of 1896, as the Minister of the Imperial Court, he was entrusted with all the orders for the preparations for the celebrations of the coronation of Emperor Nicholas II.
On May 6, 1897, he was relieved of the post of chief executive and minister and appointed a member of the State Council.
With the accession to the throne of Emperor Alexander III, he was called to the post of chief of the emperor's guards, and on June 1, 1881 he was appointed chief manager of the state horse breeding, which was then restored as an independent department, and on April 27, 1882 received a new position and states. The count was prepared for this position by his previous activities as vice-president of the Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Race Society and President of the Imperial St. Petersburg. trotting society.
During the management of this department, he opened 8 new factory stables, all state factories were improved, many new producers were acquired, the output of Russian horses abroad doubled (in 1881, 23,642 were bred, and in 1889 - over 43,000); the activity of trotting and racing societies has been expanded, measures have been taken to more correctly issue certificates to trotting horses, a start has been made on the precautionary vaccination of a vaccine of contagious diseases to domestic animals, according to the Pasteur method; at Belovezhsky and Khrenovsky plants Agriculture, And a large number of the land was cultivated and sown; at the Khrenovsky plant, on the initiative and at his personal expense, a school of equestrians was established.
On August 17, 1881, he was appointed Minister of the Imperial Court, appanages and Chancellor of the Russian Imperial and Royal Orders, leaving the head of the state horse breeding.
Count Vorontsov-Dashkov could not be compared with Adlerberg either in intelligence, or in education, or in culture; in this respect it is much lower, weaker than its predecessor. But nevertheless, he is a Russian gentleman with well-known principles, and in the current lack of people, he is, in any case, a person outstanding in his statesmanship and political behavior. Gr. Vorontsov-Dashkov was and still is a man of a rather liberal trend; to some extent, he selected such employees for himself. This did not quite please Emperor Alexander III, and therefore sometimes the Emperor treated him, that is, some of his opinions and actions - negatively. Nevertheless, the Emperor retained his friendship with Vorontsov-Dashkov until his death.
Witte S.Yu. 1849-1894: Childhood. Reigns of Alexander II and Alexander III, chapter 15 // Memoirs.
In all these institutions he made significant changes. In the Ministry of the Imperial Court, before his appointment, there were still ancient states, according to which economic activity Collegiate institutions were in charge, with high-ranking officials at the head and a mass of petty officials with the most insignificant content. Proceeding from the idea that collegiality is inappropriate in economic affairs that require diligence and personal initiative, he abolished all collegiums, replaced them with new simplified institutions, and at the same time strengthened control over the activities of the economic bodies of the ministry. On the same basis, the institutions of the specific department were transformed, in which other significant innovations were also made.
In 1885, its own specific property insurance was established by deducting insurance premiums previously paid to insurance companies into a special specific insurance capital, which exceeded 400,000 rubles. In addition, the transformation of specific capitals into land ownership was undertaken, as a result of which 262,286 acres worth 1,5407,021 rubles were purchased in 17 provinces, mainly in central Russia. From state property entered the inheritance, along the promenade, Belovezhskaya Pushcha with the adjacent Svisloch forest dacha, a total of 114,993 acres. Such a significant expansion of land ownership caused an increase in the number of local specific administrations, namely: the establishment of the Kirilov and Belovezhskaya specific administrations and the Saratov specific office.
During the same period of time, viticulture and winemaking received special development in specific estates. In 1889, together with the estates "Massandra" and "Aidanil", the specific department acquired the entire wine trade under the firm of "Prince S. M. Vorontsov." In specific estates in the Crimea and the Caucasus, the area occupied by vineyards has reached 558 acres; to manage these estates, under the direct jurisdiction of the department of appanages, special departments were established, of which 4 in the Caucasus and one in the Crimea. In 1887, the management of the Murgab sovereign estate in the Transcaspian region was transferred to the department of appanages.
On February 27, 1905, he was appointed governor of the Caucasus, commander-in-chief of the troops of the Caucasian Military District and military ataman of the Caucasian Cossack troops. During the revolutionary movement in the Caucasus (1905-1906) he took a number of harsh measures to suppress it, but they did not satisfy either the Black Hundred press or the right members in State Duma who accused him of "indulgences" to foreigners and revolutionaries.
So, when clashes between Tatars (Azerbaijanis) and Armenians began in Tiflis in November 1905, “representatives of all organizations existing in the city, city self-government, Armenians and Muslims were invited to the editorial office of the Vozrozhdeniye newspaper. All those present approved the proposal of the Social Democrats (Mensheviks): 1) to ask the governor for weapons for the proletariat, who in this case takes upon himself the protection of the population and appeasement of the warring parties, and 2) to give conscious soldiers to suppress the unrest. Vorontsov-Dashkov accepted the offer and, to the great indignation of the officers and administration, armed the “natives”: on November 25, the RSDLP was issued 500 rifles, distributed according to party lists.
With the outbreak of the First World War, on August 30, 1914, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Caucasian army. He practically did not take part in the development of operations and leadership of the troops, transferring command of the army to General A. Z. Myshlaevsky, after his removal - to General N. N. Yudenich. Vorontsov-Dashkov was in charge of the rear of the army. However, despite this, on July 15, 1915 he was awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. On August 23, 1915, he was released from command of the army and appointed to a position specially established for him - "to be with the Person of His Majesty."
In the village of Bykovo, which in the 19th century passed to the family of I. I. Vorontsov-Dashkov, the architect B. de Simon built a manor in an eclectic English style, on the foundation of the previous estate, built according to the project of V.I. Bazhenov. Now the estate houses a tuberculosis dispensary. The manor and the adjacent park are in relative desolation, nevertheless the manor is well preserved. On the facades of the building there is a coat of arms and images of horse heads.
He died on January 15, 1916 in Alupka. He was buried in the family estate, at the Church of the Annunciation with. Novotomnikovo, Shatsk district (now Morshansky district, Tambov region).
Married since 1867 to Countess E. A. Shuvalova, daughter of the St. Petersburg provincial marshal of the nobility, D.S.S. A. P. Shuvalova, granddaughter of the first Caucasian governor, Prince. Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov, who was I. I. Vorontsov-Dashkov's second cousin.
Elizaveta Andreevna Shuvalova(Vorontsova-Dashkova) (July 25, 1845 - July 28, 1924)
1.1.2.4.5.4.1.2.1. Ivan(1868-1897) - adjutant wing, colonel of the l.-guards. Hussar regiment
In 1890, the eldest of the eight children of the Minister of the Imperial Court, Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov, Colonel of the Guards Regiment and adjutant of Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, Count Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov-Dashkov(1868-1897) joined his life with his granddaughter Peter Pavlovich Shuvalov- Varvara Davydovna Orlova(1870-1915). The wedding took place on June 14, 1890 in the house church of the Vorontsov-Dashkov Palace on the English Embankment in St. Petersburg. At first, everything went well. Young people loved each other; they had children one after another: Sofia (1892-1958), Hilarion (1893-1920), Ivan(1898-1966). Suddenly, their father, having injured his finger while hunting, died on December 8, 1897 from blood poisoning, before reaching the age of thirty and without seeing his last child. Four years before his death, Ivan Illarionovich came with small children and his wife to Miskhor. At this time, Alexander III was dying in Livadia, and his father, the Minister of the Court, who was inseparable from the emperor, from time to time called his son to Livadia
1.1.2.4.5.4.1.2.2. Alexandra(1869-1959) - married to the Moscow governor, major general gr.
Countess Alexandra Illarionovna Shuvalova, nee Countess Vorontsova-Dashkova, dressed as a noblewoman of the 17th century. (1903-1904)
Count Pavel Pavlovich Shuvalov in the field Boyar outfit of the times of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. (1903-1904)
1.1.2.4.5.4.1.2.3. Sofia(1870-1953) - married to D.S.S., chamberlain E. P. Demidov Prince of San Donato
In 1885, after his father's death, Elim Pavlovich was adopted by Yu.S. He served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and, until the revolution, acted as the Russian envoy to Greece. He did not return to Russia. In 1913 he received an inheritance from his second cousin, Nechaev-Maltsov Y.S.
1.1.2.4.5.4.1.2.4. Maria(1871-1927) - married to a member of the 4th State Duma, D.S.S. count V. V. Musin-Pushkin
1.1.2.4.5.4.1.2.5. Irina(1872-1959) - married to the adjutant wing, Colonel Count D. S. Sheremetev
Irina
Dmitry Sergeevich Sheremetev b. 1869 d. 1943
colonel, served in the Cavalier Guard regiment, was the adjutant wing of E.I.V. before the revolution, he went abroad. During the First World War, he went to trip around the world with Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna and never returned to Russia
1.1.2.4.5.4.1.2.6. novel(1874-1893) - midshipman
1.1.2.4.5.4.1.2.7. Hilarion(1877-1932) - commander of the Kabardian cavalry regiment, cavalier of St. George. Count Illarion Illarionovich Vorontsov-Dashkov (May 12, 1877, Tsarskoe Selo - April 20, 1932, Paris) - Russian officer, hero of the First World War
Son of cavalry general Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov and Elizaveta Andreevna Shuvalova (1845-1924).
He graduated from the Corps of Pages (1898) in the 1st category, released as a cornet in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment. Ranks: lieutenant (1902), staff captain (1906), captain (1910), colonel (1913).
In 1909-1914 he was an adjutant of the Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, while remaining on the lists of the Hussars.
To the first world war commanded the Kabardian cavalry regiment (1914-1916), was awarded the St. George weapon (1916) for intelligence at the head of the regiment (September 10, 1915). From March 1916 he again served as adjutant to Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich.
He participated in the White movement as part of the All-Union Socialist League and the Volunteer Army. Participated in the organization of the Terek uprising. In May 1920 he arrived in the Crimea, after civil war emigrated to France.
He died in 1932 in Paris. He was buried in the Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois cemetery.
was married to Irina Vasilievna Naryshkina(1880-1917). Their kids:
novel (1901—1960)
Maria(1903-1997), married to a prince Nikita Alexandrovich.
Michael (1904—2003)
Alexander (1905—1987)
Hilarion (1911—1982)
1.1.2.4.5.4.1.2.8. Alexander(1881-1938) - adjutant wing, colonel of the l.-guards. Hussar regiment. Member of the World War. Colonel (1915). In exile in France and Germany. Activist of the National Organization of Russian Intelligence Officers (NORR). Died in Berlin.
Count Vorontsov - Dashkov (Van. 27, 1837 - Jan. 15, 1916.) lived a long life, while almost until the end of his days he continued to hold important government posts, faithfully serving four monarchs.
Count Vorontsov - Dashkov (Van. 27, 1837 - Jan. 15, 1916.) lived a long life, while almost until the end of his days he continued to hold important government posts, faithfully serving four monarchs. Thanks to this, he can with no less reason to relate to the politicians of the early 20th century. Nevertheless, an outline of his life and political activity we included among the figures of the second half of the century before last, because as an independent politician he especially distinguished himself in the 1870s and 80s.
He came from an old family of the Vorontsovs, one of the branches of which since 1807 inherited the name Dashkovs (since this famous family, which is related to the Vorontsovs, ceased). His father was a member State Council, vice-president of the chapter of the imperial and royal orders. Mother, Alexandra Kirillovna, nee Naryshkina, also came from a noble family associated with ruling dynasty. She met Pushkin in her youth, Lermontov and Nekrasov dedicated poems to her. The Vorontsov-Dashkov family was also one of the richest in Russia. And yet, for all the Vorontsovs, service to Russia and its monarchs was hereditary. Illarion Ivanovich was no exception.
Having received an excellent education at home, in 1855 Illarion entered Moscow University, but the Crimean War that was then going on caused him a natural act - the young count transferred to military service after studying for only a few months. True, the war was over and Vorontsov - Dashkov did not have to smell the gunpowder. Nevertheless, he remained in the army.
In 1858, with the rank of cornet, Vorontsov-Dashkov went to the Caucasus and took an active part in the final operations of the Caucasian War, which ended with the capture of Shamil. For bravery in battles, he was promoted to captain, received his first orders and a golden saber. The distinguished officer was transferred to the adjutant of Tsarevich Alexander Alexandrovich (the future Alexander III). Thus began the close cooperation of Vorontsov-Dashkov with his future monarch. However, in addition to adjutant duties, he remained in military service and did not forget about it.
In 1865 he was sent to Turkestan for inspection purposes. However, having quickly and accurately fulfilled the duties of an inspector, Vorontsov-Dashkov took part in the hostilities. He distinguished himself in the battle near Murzarabat, commanding an assault column, took the fortresses of Ura-Tube and Dzhizak. For victories over the troops of the Central Asian khanates, Vorontsov Dashkov was awarded many orders, promoted to major general (29 years old!) and became an assistant to the governor of Turkestan. In this post, the young general demonstrated the qualities of an excellent administrator and business executive. A year later, Vorontsov-Dashkov returned to St. Petersburg as commander of the Life Guards. Hussar regiment with enrollment in the retinue of E.I.V. Continuing his service, Illarion Ivanovich became chief of staff of the Guards Corps, commanded by Tsarevich Alexander Alexandrovich. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78. Vorontsov-Dashkov commanded the cavalry of the Ruschuk detachment (grouping of troops, the head of which was the Tsarevich). Having distinguished himself in a number of battles, Vorontsov-Dashkov soon fell ill near Plevna and left for treatment. The disease turned out to be severe and the count spent several years on his estate, being on vacation. Forced idleness coincided with the most acute political crisis at the turn of the 1870s and 1880s.
Vorontsov-Dashkov did not approve of many of the ill-conceived liberal steps of Alexander II, having his own program of action. The regicide on March 1, 1881 changed the position of the general. The new emperor Alexander III, for whom Vorontsov-Dashkov was not only a subject, but also a personal friend, appointed him head of his guard. However, Illarion Ivanovich not only protected the person of the sovereign, but also contributed to the defeat of terrorism. Together with his old Caucasian comrade R. A. Fadeev, Vorontsov-Dashkov stood at the origins of the "Holy Squad". (This organization was discussed in the previous essay). Vorontsov-Dashkov headed it, having a secret pseudonym Nábolshiy and secret numbers 6 and 106. (In the "Holy Squad" a two-digit number denoted a leader of a certain level, and a single three-digit number denoted a top boss). True, the main role in the defeat of Narodnaya Volya was played by the security department of the police department, but the very fact of the creation of the “Druzhina” testified that Count Vorontsov-Dashkov and his associates were ready to use all methods to combat sedition.
After the victory over the Narodnaya Volya, in August 1882, Vorontsov-Dashkov was appointed Minister of the Court and Destinies. It is clear that the emperor could appoint a person to this post, whom he completely trusted and who should also be distinguished by honesty, administrative and economic abilities. In this post, Illarion Ivanovich justified all the hopes placed on him, being one of the main conductors of the national course of Alexander III.
He retired in 1896 after the Khodynka disaster. Actually, the culprit of the disaster was the Moscow mayor, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, but Vorontsov-Dashkov preferred, as a loyal subject should, to take the blame upon himself. After his resignation, he remained a member of the State Council, but basically led the life of a private person. However, the count was actively involved in charity, generously spending his fortune on this.
When the revolution of 1905 broke out, the old general was again in the ranks. Already in February 1905, he was appointed Viceroy of the Caucasus (a position newly restored especially for him). In the Caucasus, the revolution took especially extreme forms, moreover, as always, with the slightest weakening of Russian power in the Caucasus, a general massacre began. Under these conditions, the 68-year-old Viceroy proved to be at the height of his position. He stopped the unrest with an iron fist, but at the same time carried out a number of reforms that pacified the region. In particular, he abolished the sequester on the property of the Armenian Gregorian Church, liquidated all remnants of serfdom (temporarily liable state, debt dependence, etc.), dismissed corrupt and unreliable officials.
In the governorship of Vorontsov-Dashkov in the Caucasus, extensive railway construction was going on, Baku, Tiflis and Batum quickly turned from eastern dirty slum cities into comfortable cities with all the attributes of civilization. Commanding the troops of the Caucasian district, the old general prepared both the personnel and the infrastructure for a possible war. The campaigns of 1914-17 showed how effectively Vorontsov-Dashkov prepared the troops of the district. on the Caucasian front, on which the Russian troops won continuous victories.
It should be noted that the Viceroy achieved the pacification of the Caucasus, and then ensured its economic prosperity not only by administrative measures, but also managed to influence the Caucasians as a person. Count S. Yu. Witte, to whom Vorontsov-Dashkov treated rather coldly, nevertheless wrote, not without envy: - someone was killed or a bomb was thrown at someone, calmly traveled around the city both in a carriage and on horseback, and during all this time not only was there no attempt on him, but even no one had ever insulted him with a word or a gesture ". Of course, the Viceroy of the Caucasus was well aware of the danger of his position, which was truly worse than that of a governor. Terrorists killed his son-in-law, the Moscow mayor P.P. Nevertheless, the old general showed a defiant disregard for the protection of his person. Of course, with all his personal courage, Illarion Ivanovich was far from senseless prowess. It's just that from the time of participation in the Caucasian and Turkestan campaigns in the days of his youth, Vorontsov-Dashkov mastered the psychology of the Eastern peoples well. He fought mercilessly against terrorism and banditry (which is often the same in the Caucasus), and all criminals understood the inevitability of punishment. At the same time, the Viceroy could show mercy to the defeated enemies. It is no coincidence that in the East they say: “kindness is the lot of the strong!”.
Finally, Vorontsov-Dashkov, with his whole appearance, made it clear that it was he who represented the Tsar in the Caucasus. "Ay, jigit!" - the old men in Tiflis dukhans said admiringly, seeing how gallantly riding a horse, a general who had long exchanged his eighties in a uniform with all orders. In September 1915, the 78-year-old Viceroy resigned from his post. He left a pacified land and a victorious army that had been beating the Turks in the depths of enemy territory for a year now. Having lived all his life in labor, Count Vorontsov-Dashkov lived quite a bit in retirement. He died in January 1916, just a year before the fall of the Russian monarchy, which he served, like all his ancestors, faithfully.
Vorontsov-Dashkov Illarion Ivanovich (1837-1916) - count, head of security of Alexander III from 1881; minister of the imperial court and destinies since 1882, under Alexander III. One of the founders of the Holy Squad. One of the perpetrators of the Khodynka disaster during the coronation of Nicholas II. In May 1897, Vorontsov-Dashkov was dismissed, and Baron Frederiks took over his post. Vorontsov-Dashkov, being a member of the State Council, remained out of work until his appointment as governor in the Caucasus in 1901, where he distinguished himself as a suppressor of uprisings during the revolutionary period of 1905-1906. Commander-in-Chief of the Caucasian Military District (1905-1915).
Vorontsov-Dashkov Illarion Ivanovich (27.V.1837 - 1916), count, - Russian statesman, lieutenant general. One of the personal friends of Alexander III. After the assassination of Alexander II in March 1881, he was appointed head of the royal guard. He was one of the organizers of the "Holy Squad". From August 1881 to 1897 - Minister of the Imperial Court and appanages. Since 1897 - member of the State Council. In 1904-1905 - Chairman of the Red Cross. In 1905-1915 he was the governor of the Caucasus. All the activities of Vorontsov-Dashkov in the Caucasus were aimed at combating the revolutionary movement; he organized punitive expeditions. Along with this, he tried to suppress the revolutionary movement by carrying out bourgeois-economic reforms. On his initiative, in 1913, a law was passed in the Caucasus on the mandatory redemption of temporarily liable peasants.
Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 3. WASHINGTON - VYACHKO. 1963.
Vorontsov-Dashkov Illarion Ivanovich (05/27/1837–01/15/1916), count, statesman and military leader, large landowner and entrepreneur (see biography in the volume "Russian State").
In addition to state and military activities, Vorontsov-Dashkov made a major contribution to the development of the Russian economy. He initiated the draft law on the land management of state peasants (1909), which provided for the provision of allotments allotted to peasants for private ownership; outlined a broad program of reforms in the Caucasus (the development of industrial entrepreneurship and railway construction, the introduction of zemstvo self-government, the creation of higher educational institutions, etc.).
In 1867 he married E.A. Shuvalova, one of the main heirs of M.S. Vorontsov and the property of his brothers. The land holdings of the Vorontsov-Dashkov family amounted to approx. 485 thousand acres. On the eve of the First World War, I.I. Vorontsov-Dashkov owned (together with his wife) starch, sawmills, distilleries, oil mills, a cloth factory, the Yugo-Kama iron-working and wire-nailing plant (in the Perm province.). In n. 20th century with the help of the Branobel oil corporation, he organized oil production in Balakhani (near Baku), where by 1907 approx. 2.8 million pounds. oil. He was the chairman of the board in share sugar-factory partnerships: Cuban, Sablino-Znamensky, Golovshinsky and Kharkov.
Vorontsov-Dashkov Illarion Ivanovich (05/27/1837-01/15/1916), count, military and statesman, one of the initiators of the creation of the "Holy Squad".
He came from an old family of the Vorontsovs, one of the branches of which, since 1807, inherited the name of the Dashkovs, since this famous family, which is related to the Vorontsovs, ceased. My father was a member of the State Council, vice-president of the chapter of imperial and royal orders. Mother Alexandra Kirillovna, nee. Naryshkina, also came from a noble family associated with the ruling dynasty. She met Pushkin in her youth, Lermontov and Nekrasov dedicated poems to her. The Vorontsov-Dashkov family was one of the richest in Russia. But the main feature for all the Vorontsovs was faithful service to Russia and its monarchs. Illarion Ivanovich was no exception. Having received an excellent education at home, in 1855 he entered Moscow University, but the then ongoing Crimean War caused him a natural act - Vorontsov-Dashkov entered the military service after studying for only a few months. True, the war was soon over. Nevertheless, he remained in the army. In 1858, with the rank of cornet, he went to the Caucasus and took an active part in the final operations of the Caucasian War, which ended with the capture of Shamil. For bravery in battles he was promoted to captain, received his first orders and a golden saber. The distinguished officer was transferred to the adjutant of Tsesarevich Alexander Alexandrovich, the future Alexander III. Thus began the close cooperation of Vorontsov-Dashkov with his future monarch. However, in addition to adjutant duties, Vorontsov-Dashkov remained in military service and did not forget about it. In 1865 he was sent to Turkestan for inspection purposes. However, having quickly and accurately fulfilled the duties of an inspector, Vorontsov-Dashkov took part in the hostilities. He distinguished himself in the battle near Murzarabat, commanding an assault column, took the fortresses of Ura-Tube and Dzhizak. For victories over the troops of the Central Asian khanates, Vorontsov-Dashkov was awarded many orders, promoted to major general and became an assistant to the governor of Turkestan. In this post, Vorontsov-Dashkov demonstrated the qualities of an excellent administrator and business executive. A year later, he returned to St. Petersburg as the commander of the Life Guards of the Hussar Regiment with enrollment in the retinue of His Imperial Majesty. Continuing his service, Vorontsov-Dashkov became chief of staff of the Guards Corps, commanded by Tsesarevich Alexander Alexandrovich. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78, Vorontsov-Dashkov commanded the cavalry of the Ruschuk detachment (a group of troops headed by Tsesarevich). Having distinguished himself in a number of battles, he soon fell ill near Plevna and left for treatment. The disease turned out to be severe, and Vorontsov-Dashkov spent several years on his estate, being on vacation. Forced idleness coincided with the most acute political crisis at the turn of the 1870s and 80s.
Vorontsov-Dashkov did not approve of many of the ill-conceived liberal steps of Alexander II, having his own program of action. The regicide on March 1, 1881 changed the position of Vorontsov-Dashkov. The new Emperor Alexander III, for whom Vorontsov-Dashkov was not only a subject, but also a personal friend, appointed him head of his guard. Vorontsov-Dashkov not only protected the person of the Sovereign, but also contributed to the defeat of terrorism. Together with his old Caucasian comrade R. A. Fadeev, he stood at the origins of the "Holy Squad". Vorontsov-Dashkov headed it, having a secret pseudonym "Big". True, the main role in the defeat of Narodnaya Volya was played by the security department of the police department, but the very fact of the creation of the Druzhina testified that Vorontsov-Dashkov and his associates were ready to use all methods to fight sedition. After the victory over the Narodnaya Volya, in August. 1882 Vorontsov-Dashkov was appointed Minister of the Court and appanages. It is clear that the emperor could appoint a person to this post, whom he completely trusted and who should also be distinguished by honesty, administrative and economic abilities. In this post, Vorontsov-Dashkov justified the hopes placed on him, being one of the main conductors of the national course of Alexander III. Vorontsov-Dashkov retired in 1896 after the Khodynka disaster. Actually, there was no direct fault of Vorontsov-Dashkov and his department in the disaster, but he preferred, as a loyal subject, to take all the blame upon himself. After his resignation, he remained a member of the State Council, but basically led the life of a private person. However, Vorontsov-Dashkov was actively involved in charity, generously spending his fortune on this. When the revolution of 1905 broke out, he was again in the ranks. Already in Feb. In 1905 he was appointed Viceroy of the Caucasus (a position newly restored especially for him). In the Caucasus, the revolution took especially extreme forms, moreover, as always, with the slightest weakening of Russian power in the Caucasus, a general massacre began. Under these conditions, the 68-year-old viceroy was at the height of his position. He stopped the unrest with an iron fist, but at the same time carried out a number of reforms that pacified the region. In particular, he abolished the sequester on the property of the Armenian Gregorian Church, liquidated all remnants of serfdom (temporarily liable state, debt dependence, etc.), dismissed corrupt and unreliable officials. In the governorship of Vorontsov-Dashkov in the Caucasus, extensive railway construction was going on. Baku, Tiflis and Batum quickly turned from eastern dirty slum cities into comfortable cities with all the attributes of civilization. Commanding the troops of the Caucasian district, the old general prepared both the personnel and the infrastructure for a possible war. The campaigns of 1914-17 on the Caucasian front, on which the Russian troops won continuous victories, showed how effectively he prepared the troops of the district. It should be noted that Vorontsov-Dashkov achieved the appeasement of the Caucasus, and then ensured its economic prosperity not only by administrative measures, but also managed to influence the Caucasians as a person. Gr. S. Yu. Witte, to whom Vorontsov-Dashkov treated rather coldly, nevertheless wrote, not without envy: someone was killed or a bomb was thrown at someone, he calmly traveled around the city both in a carriage and on horseback, and during all this time not only was there no attempt on him, but even no one had ever insulted him with a word or a gesture. . Of course, Vorontsov-Dashkov was well aware of the danger of his position, which was truly worse than that of a governor. The terrorists killed his son-in-law, the Moscow mayor P. P. Shuvalov, and the manager of one of the factories of Vorontsov-Dashkov became a victim of an assassination attempt. Nevertheless, the Viceroy of the Caucasus showed defiant disregard for the protection of his person. Of course, with all his personal courage, Vorontsov-Dashkov was far from senseless prowess. It's just that from the time of participation in the Caucasian and Turkestan campaigns in the days of his youth, he well mastered the psychology of the eastern peoples. He fought mercilessly against terrorism and banditry (which is often the same in the Caucasus), and all criminals understood the inevitability of punishment. At the same time, Vorontsov-Dashkov could show mercy to the defeated enemies. Vorontsov-Dashkov, with his whole appearance, made it clear that it was he who represented the Tsar in the Caucasus. "Ay, jigit!" - the old men in Tiflis dukhans said admiringly, seeing how gallantly riding a horse, a general who had long exchanged his eighties in a uniform with all orders. In Sept. 1915 The 78-year-old Viceroy resigned from his post. He left a pacified land and a victorious army that had been beating the Turks in the depths of enemy territory for a year now. Having lived all his life in labor, Vorontsov-Dashkov lived quite a bit in retirement. He passed away on Jan. 1916, just a year before the fall of the Russian monarchy, which he served, like all his ancestors, faithfully.
Lebedev S.V.
Site materials used Big Encyclopedia Russian people - http://www.rusinst.ru
Vorontsov-Dashkov Illarion Ivanovich (1837-1916) - count, statesman, cavalry general (1890), adjutant general (1875). Member of the Caucasian War of 1817–1864 Since 1861, adjutant of the Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich (future Emperor Alexander III). In 1865 he was sent as an inspector to Turkestan, where he took part in hostilities, since 1866 he was an assistant to the governor of the Turkestan region. Since 1874 he was the chief of staff of the guards corps and at the same time a member of the Main Committee for the organization and formation of troops and the council of the Main Directorate of the State Treasury. In the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. head of the cavalry of the Rushuk detachment. Since 1881 he was the chief manager of the state horse breeding, at the same time the minister of the Imperial Court and destinies; carried out a reform of the activities of the department: the transformation of specific capital into land ownership, an attempt to create farms by leasing land. Member of the State Council since 1897. In 1904-1905. Chairman of the Russian Red Cross Society, personally donated significant funds to charitable purposes. Since 1905 he was the governor in the Caucasus, the commander-in-chief of the troops of the Caucasian military district and the military ataman of the Caucasian Cossack troops. Under him, the law on the sequestration of the property of the Armenian Gregorian Church and the closure of Armenian schools was repealed. Initiator of the adoption of laws in 1912, 1913, which terminated temporarily liable relations in the Transcaucasian region. He put forward a draft law on the land management of state peasants (1909), which provided for the provision of allotments allotted to peasants for private ownership. A broad program of reforms was outlined in the Caucasus: the development of entrepreneurship and railway construction, the introduction of zemstvo institutions, the creation of higher educational institutions. At the beginning of World War I, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Caucasian army, but did not take part in directing military operations, transferring his functions to General N.N. Yudenich; appointed to be with the person of His Imperial Majesty.
Used materials of the book: Stolypin P.A. Correspondence. M. Rosspan, 2004.
Vorontsov-Dashkov Illarion Ivanovich (May 27, 1837, St. Petersburg - January 15, 1916, Alupka), count, Russian cavalry general (8/30/1890), adjutant general (2/19/1875). One of the largest landowners in Russia, the owner of a large number of industrial enterprises. Educated at Moscow University. Service began in 1856 in the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment; cornet (1858). Member of hostilities in the Caucasus in 1859-62, in Turkestan in 1865. From 10/28/1866 assistant to the governor of the Turkestan region. For military distinction during the hostilities he was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree (1867). 10/15/1867-10/21/1874 commander of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, at the same time 10/2/1873-10/21/1874 commander of the 2nd brigade of the 2nd guards cavalry. divisions. From 10/21/1874 to 7/23/1878 he was the chief of staff of the Guards Corps, at the same time he was a member of the Committee for the Arrangement and Formation of Troops (10/27-12/1894) and the Council of the Main Directorate of State Horse Breeding (12/12/1874-10/12/1878). During the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78, he commanded the cavalry of the Ruschuk detachment (the detachment was headed by the heir to the throne, the future Emperor Alexander III). 10/12/1878-4/8/1881 head of the 2nd Guards Infantry. divisions. After accession to the throne of Alexander III on June 1, 1881, he was appointed head of the state horse breeding, and on August 17, 1881, he was also appointed minister of the imperial court and destinies, chancellor of the Russian Royal and Imperial orders. On 111/6/5/1897, one of Alexander's closest friends, he was relieved of the post of chief executive and minister and appointed a member of the State Council. After the restoration of the post of Viceroy in the Caucasus on February 27, 1905, he was appointed Viceroy, commander-in-chief of the troops of the Caucasian Military District and military ataman of the Caucasian Kaz. troops. A good administrator, V. did a lot for the development of the Caucasus. With the beginning of the war, on 30/8/1914 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Caucasian army. By the beginning of hostilities, the army included the 1st Caucasian (20th and 39th infantry divisions; Lieutenant General G.E. Berkhman) and the 2nd Turkestan (4th and 5th Turkestan rifle brigades) AK, as well as the secondary 66 th infantry, 2 kaz. divisions and other units (total 153 battalions, 175 hundreds, 12 sapper companies, 350 field guns; over 170 thousand people). The army occupied the front from the Black Sea to Lake Urmia (720 km) and the tasks were set for it: to hold railway Baku-Vladikavkaz and the Georgian Military Highway Tiflis-Vladikavkaz, defend Baku and prevent the appearance of tours. troops in the Caucasus. He practically did not take part in the development of operations and leadership of the troops, transferring command of the army to Gen. A.3. Myshlaevsky, and after his removal - gene. N.N. Yudenich. Run by V.-D. focused questions of the rear of the army. However, despite this, 15/7/1915 was awarded the Order of St. George 3rd degree. On August 23, 1915, he was relieved of command of the army and appointed to a position specially established for him - “to be with the Person of His Majesty”, August 9, 1907
Telegram P.A. Stolypin to Count I.I. Vorontsov-Dashkov, August 28, 1907
April 28, 1908
Letter to P.A. Stolypin to Count I.I. Vorontsov-Dashkov, 25 June 1908
Letter to P.A. Stolypin to Count I.I. Vorontsov-Dashkov, November 8, 1910
From the letters of I.I. Vorontsov-Dashkov to Nikolai Romanov. October 10, 1912
Compositions:
The Most Submissive Report for the Five Years of Governing the Caucasus. SPb. 1910.
Literature:
Tumanov G.M. From the notes of Vorontsova-Dashkova // Voice of the Past. 1916. No. 9;
Tumanov G. M., From the notes of gr. I. I. Vorontsova-Dashkova, "GM", 1916, No 9.
Ismagil-zade. I. I. Vorontsov-Dashkov. Historical silhouettes. M., 1991.
Letters from I. I. Vorontsov-Dashkov to Nikolai Romanov, "KA", 1928, v. 1;
The son of Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov (1719-1786), who is the uncle of M.S. Vorontsov.
Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov (1837-1916) - Russian statesman and military leader. One of the largest landowners in Russia, the owner of a large number of industrial enterprises.
Born May 27, 1837 in St. Petersburg. The son of a member of the State Council, master of ceremonies, real privy councilor (d. t. s.) Count Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov (1790-1854).
In 1855 he entered Moscow University, but the next year he transferred to military service, enrolling as a volunteer in the Life Guards Horse Regiment; March 25, 1858 promoted to cornet.
Participant of hostilities in the Caucasus in 1859-1862.
1860 - promoted to lieutenant for military distinction with seniority from 09/17/1859
From 09/21/1861 - staff captain.
11/17/1862 - promoted to captain for military distinction and granted to the adjutant wing.
In 1865, with the rank of colonel, he was sent to serve in Turkestan to General D.I. Romanovsky as chief of staff. On October 2, 1866, commanding a southern group of three assault columns, he distinguished himself in the capture of the Bukhara fortress of Ura-Tyube, and on October 18 he took a direct part in the assault on Jizzakh. On October 28, 1866, he was promoted to major general and appointed assistant to the military governor of the Turkestan region. For military distinctions during military operations in Turkestan, he was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree (1867). After the appointment of K. P. von Kaufmann as the Governor-General of Turkestan, Vorontsov-Dashkov left Central Asia and returned to St. Petersburg.
From October 15, 1867 to October 21, 1874 - commander of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, simultaneously from October 2, 1873 to October 21, 1874 - commander of the 2nd brigade of the 2nd Guards Cavalry Division. From October 21, 1874 to July 23, 1878, the chief of staff of the guards corps (on August 30, 1876 he was promoted to lieutenant general), at the same time he was a member of the Committee for the Arrangement and Formation of Troops (27.10-1.12.1894) and the Council of the Chief management of the state horse breeding (1.12.1874-12.10.1878).
During the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. commanded the cavalry of the Ruschuk detachment (at the head of the detachment was the heir to the throne, the future Emperor Alexander III). From October 12, 1878 to April 8, 1881, the head of the 2nd Guards Infantry Division.
In March 1881, Vorontsov-Dashkov organized a kind of secret society (which was supposed to protect the personality of the emperor and fight "sedition" by secret means) called "Voluntary Guard", then renamed the "Holy Squad", which was joined by quite a few high-ranking officials (Pobedonostsev, Ignatiev, Katkov).
With the accession to the throne of Emperor Alexander III, he was called to the post of chief of the emperor's guards, and on June 1, 1881 he was appointed chief manager of the state horse breeding, which was then restored as an independent department, and on April 27, 1882 received a new position and states. The count was prepared for this position by his previous activities as Vice-President of the Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Racing Society and President of the Imperial St. Petersburg Trotting Society.
During the management of this department, he opened 8 new factory stables, improved all state factories, acquired many new producers, doubled the export of Russian horses abroad (in 1881, 23,642 were bred, and in 1889 - over 43,000); the activity of trotting and racing societies has been expanded, measures have been taken to more correctly issue certificates to trotting horses, a start has been made on the precautionary vaccination of a vaccine for contagious diseases in domestic animals, according to the Pasteur method; agriculture was introduced at the Belovezhsky and Khrenovsky factories, and a large amount of land was cultivated and sown; at the Khrenovsky plant, on the initiative and at his personal expense, a school of equestrians was established. On August 17, 1881, he was appointed Minister of the Imperial Court, appanages and Chancellor of the Russian Imperial and Royal Orders, leaving the head of the state horse breeding.
In all these institutions he made significant changes. In the Ministry of the Imperial Court, before his appointment, there were still ancient states, in which collegiate institutions were in charge of economic activity, with high-ranking officials at the head and a mass of petty officials with the most insignificant content. Proceeding from the idea that collegiality is inappropriate in economic affairs that require diligence and personal initiative, he abolished all collegiums, replaced them with new simplified institutions, and at the same time strengthened control over the activities of the economic bodies of the ministry. On the same basis, the institutions of the specific department were transformed, in which other significant innovations were also made.
In 1885, its own specific property insurance was established by deducting insurance premiums previously paid to insurance companies into a special specific insurance capital, which exceeded 400,000 rubles. In addition, the conversion of specific capitals into land ownership was undertaken, as a result of which in 17 provinces, mainly in central Russia, 262,286 acres were purchased in the amount of 15,407,021 rubles. From the state property, Belovezhskaya Pushcha with the adjacent Svisloch forest dacha, a total of 114,993 acres, came into inheritance, along the promenade. Such a significant expansion of land ownership caused an increase in the number of local specific administrations, namely: the establishment of the Kirilov and Belovezhskaya specific administrations and the Saratov specific office.
During the same period of time, viticulture and winemaking received special development in specific estates. In 1889, together with the estates "Massandra" and "Aidanil", the specific department acquired the entire wine trade under the firm of "Prince S. M. Vorontsov." In specific estates in the Crimea and the Caucasus, the area occupied by vineyards has reached 558 acres; to manage these estates, under the direct jurisdiction of the department of appanages, special departments were established, of which 4 in the Caucasus and one in the Crimea. In 1887, the management of the Murgab sovereign estate in the Transcaspian region was transferred to the department of appanages.
08/30/1890 - promoted to general from the cavalry.
1893 - Appointed Chairman of the Committee to consider nominations for awards.
27.10.-1.12.1894 - as part of the Committee for the organization and formation of troops.
In the spring of 1896, as the Minister of the Imperial Court, he was entrusted with all the orders for the preparations for the celebrations of the coronation of Emperor Nicholas II.
On May 6, 1897, he was relieved of the post of chief executive and minister and appointed a member of the State Council.
On February 27, 1905, he was appointed governor of the Caucasus, commander-in-chief of the troops of the Caucasian Military District and military ataman of the Caucasian Cossack troops. During the revolutionary movement in the Caucasus (1905-1906), he took a number of harsh measures to suppress it, but they did not satisfy either the Black Hundred press or the right-wing members in the State Duma, who accused him of "indulgences" to foreigners and revolutionaries.
With the outbreak of the First World War, on August 30, 1914, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Caucasian army. He practically did not take part in the development of operations and leadership of the troops, transferring command of the army to General A. Z. Myshlaevsky, after his removal - to General N. N. Yudenich. Vorontsov-Dashkov was in charge of the rear of the army. However, despite this, on July 15, 1915 he was awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. On August 23, 1915, he was released from command of the army and appointed to a position specially established for him - "to be with the Person of His Majesty."
He died on January 15, 1916 in Alupka. He was buried in the family estate, at the Church of the Annunciation with. Novotomnikovo, Shatsk district (now Morshansky district, Tambov region).
VORONTSOV-DASHKOV ILLARION
1837-1916 Count. Minister of the Imperial Court (1881-1897). Viceroy in the Caucasus (1905-1915). According to the will, he was buried in the Novo-Tomnikovo estate of the Shatsk district of the Tambov province (now the Morshansky district of the Tambov region) next to the graves of his sons. Since 1867, the wife of ELIZAVETA ANDREEVNA 1845-1924, one of the main heirs of the major estates of M.S. VORONTSOV and the property of her brothers. Children:
"Brockhaus and Efron":
Vorontsov-Dashkov, Count Illarion Ivanovich - Adjutant General, Lieutenant General, Minister of the Imperial Court; born May 27, 1837; in 1855 he entered Moscow University, but the next year he transferred to military service; in 1858 he was promoted to cornet. In 1866, Count V.-D., according to his request, was transferred to the active army in the Caucasus, where he was repeatedly awarded for military distinctions in cases against the highlanders. In 1865, he was sent to Turkestan, where he commanded the vanguard near Murza-Arbat, the assault column during the capture of the Ura-Tyube fortress, and all the assault columns during the capture of the Jizzakh fortress. In 1866 Count V.-D. appointed assistant to the governor of the Turkestan region, in 1867 - commander of the Life Guards of His Majesty's hussar regiment, in 1873 - commander of the 2nd brigade of the guards cavalry division, in 1874 - chief of staff of the guards corps, the commander of which was then safely reigning Emperor Alexander III; in the same year Count W.-D. became a member of the main committee for the organization and education of troops and the council of the main department of the state treasury. During the war of 1877-78. Count W.-D. commanded the cavalry of the Ruschuk detachment, called upon to protect our forces from an accidental attack by an enemy outnumbering them; with 17 companies and two regiments of cavalry, he attacked 9 Turkish battalions, under the command of Azis Pasha, and after a stubborn battle captured the enemy position. Following that, Count V.-D. was sent to Petersburg to mobilize the guards corps. Having brought the first echelons of the guard to Plevna, he was supposed to return to the Ruschuk detachment, but, having fallen ill, he left the theater of operations and went abroad for treatment. At the end of the war, Count V.-D. was appointed head of the 2nd Guards Infantry Division, with the retention of his former positions. With the accession to the throne of Emperor Alexander III, he was called to the post of chief head of the guard E.I.V. new position and states. To the occupation of this position, Count V.-D. was trained by his previous activities as Vice President of the Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Racing Society and President of the Imperial St. Petersburg. trotting society. During the management of Count V.-D. this department opened 8 new factory stables, all state factories were improved, many new producers were acquired, the output of Russian horses abroad doubled (in 1881, 1881 23642 were bred, and in 1889 - over 43000); the activity of trotting and racing societies has been expanded, measures have been taken to more correctly issue certificates to trotting horses, a start has been made on the precautionary vaccination of a vaccine of contagious diseases to domestic animals, according to the Pasteur method; agriculture has been introduced at the Belovezhsky and Khrenovsky factories, and a large amount of land has now been cultivated and sown; at the Khrenovsky plant, on the initiative and at the personal expense of Count V.-D., a school of equestrians was established.
August 17, 1881 Count W.-D. was appointed Minister of the Imperial Court, appanages and Chancellor of the Russian Imperial and Royal Orders, leaving the head of the state horse breeding. In all these institutions he made significant changes. In the Ministry of the Imperial Court, before the appointment of Count V.-D., there were still ancient states, in which collegiate institutions were in charge of economic activity, with high-ranking officials at the head and a mass of petty officials with the most insignificant content. Proceeding from the idea that in economic affairs that require diligence and personal initiative, collegiality is inappropriate, Count V.-D. submitted to the abolition of all colleges, replaced them with new simplified institutions and at the same time strengthened control over the activities of the economic bodies of the ministry. On the same basis, the institutions of the specific department were transformed, in which other significant innovations were also made. In 1885, its own specific property insurance was established by deducting insurance premiums previously paid to insurance companies into a special specific insurance capital, which now exceeds 400,000 rubles. In addition, in the last decade, the conversion of specific capitals into land ownership was undertaken, as a result of which 262,286 acres worth 1,5407,021 rubles were purchased in 17 provinces, mainly in central Russia. From the state property, Belovezhskaya Pushcha with the adjoining Svisloch forest dacha, a total of 114,993 acres, came into inheritance, along the promenade. Such a significant expansion of land ownership caused an increase in the number of local specific administrations, namely: the establishment of the Kirilov and Belovezhskaya specific administrations and the Saratov specific office. During the same period of time, viticulture and winemaking received special development in specific estates. In 1889, together with the estates "Massandra" and "Aydanil", the specific department acquired the entire wine trade business under the firm of "Prince S. M. Vorontsov". At present, up to 558 acres are occupied by vineyards on specific estates in the Crimea and the Caucasus; to manage these estates, under the direct jurisdiction of the department of appanages, special departments were established, of which 4 in the Caucasus and one in the Crimea. In 1887, the management of the Murgab sovereign estate in the Transcaspian region was transferred to the department of appanages.
Peru Count W.-D. belongs to the X chapter in "Letters on the current state of Russia. April 11, 1879-April 6, 1880" (2nd ed., St. Petersburg, 1881), published without the name of the author (RA Fadeev). This letter discusses measures for raising agriculture and the level of well-being of the peasant population, and among such measures it is proposed: compulsory insurance crops, livestock and buildings; following the example of the redemption operation of 1861, to come to the aid of the peasantry in buying land by making him a loan from the government for this purpose; organize resettlement, which should be freed from various restrictive formalities; do not allow the replacement of grain stocks in public stores with money capital; transfer all supervision over the improvement of the village into the hands of the Zemstvo exclusively, limiting the activities of the police to purely executive functions; to transform volosts into all-estate institutions.