According to the Far Eastern UGMS, ice phenomena are expected on the roads of Khabarovsk and the Khabarovsk Territory. In this regard, the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Khabarovsk Territory recalls:
Drivers need to be especially attentive to the rules of the road, observe the speed limit. Drivers who did not have time to “change shoes” on the wheels of their car should refrain from traveling in private vehicles.
With ice, the number of street injuries significantly increases: bruises, dislocations and fractures. On such days, the number of victims can increase significantly.
Rescuers remind
To avoid injury, rescuers remind residents of simple rules, the observance of which will help prevent trouble:
Pay attention to your shoes: pick up non-slip shoes with microporous soles. It is better for fashionistas to give up high heels;
Look under your feet, try to bypass dangerous places. If it is impossible to get around the ice "puddle", then move along it, like a skier, in small sliding steps;
Be extremely careful on the roadway: take your time and, moreover, do not run;
Try to bypass all places with an inclined surface;
You should step on the entire sole, slightly relax your legs at the knees;
Hands should be as free as possible, try not to carry heavy bags, do not keep your hands in your pockets - this increases the likelihood of falling;
If you slip, crouch down to lower your fall. At the time of the fall, try to group and, rolling, soften the blow to the ground. Do not try to save things that you carry in your hands. Do not rush to get up, examine yourself for injuries, ask passers-by for help.
Remember: falling on your back, face up, is especially dangerous, as you can get a concussion. If you are injured, be sure to seek medical attention from a doctor.
How not to fall
There is a mass folk remedies against ice. From these tips, you can probably make a whole encyclopedia. Some of these "tricks" we remind our readers.
When walking in ice, you can use a piece of foam rubber (according to the size of the heel), which must be glued with adhesive tape before going outside. It is also recommended to stick a band-aid or duct tape on the
dry sole and heel (crosswise or ladder) and rub with sand before going out. For a day or two, such a design is enough.
Before going out, rub the soles of your boots with a cut raw potato. Now the shoes will not slip.
Another little trick is to put two rubber rings on the shoes from the instep to the heel part of the sole, which you can cut yourself from a bicycle inner tube, etc. And in any case, choose winter shoes with microporous soles or other soft bases.
Traumatologists recommend paying attention to the gait: you need to step on the entire sole, take your time, slightly relax your legs at the knees. Hands should not be occupied with bags (in winter it is better to carry bags over your shoulder). Older people should not be shy about picking up a cane with a rubber stop or, in extreme cases, prepare yourself a comfortable stick with a pointed end for the winter.
In order not to fall during ice, you can stick corrugated elastic bands from skis on the heels of your shoes.
To protect yourself from falling into ice, you can successfully apply a fairly simple method. Heels made from old felt boots are glued or nailed onto the heel and sole. And the best material for this purpose is not the shaft of the felt boot, but its sole.
Strips cut off from old boots and stuffed on the heel and on the sole will not allow the shoes to slip in icy conditions.
Leaving the house in slippery weather, you can put on collars on your heels, made of a steel strip 1-1.5 mm thick, 20 mm wide. A collar is put on in such a way that its edge protrudes 1-2 mm above the surface of the heel. Three tongues are made on the collar, which are bent onto the supporting surface of the heel. They securely hold the collar on the heel. Approaching the house, bend the ledges - and the clamp is removed without much effort.
In "slippery" weather, before going out, you can put on a heel bracket made of spring wire, repeating the outlines of the heel, and remove it before entering the room.
To prevent the boots from slipping in ice, you can put on them serrated arches made of metal one and a half to two millimeters thick.
Indoors, in order not to spoil the floors, the arms recline to the non-working position.
In order not to slip on the ice, you can glue pieces of waterproof cloth-based sandpaper to the soles and heels. Glued with waterproof glue, they will last for several days.
In order not to fall, slipping on ice, you can make spirals for the heel and soles of wire, which are easy to put on when necessary and just as easy to remove when they are no longer needed.
Cold weather and ice inevitably affect health - a fall on ice is at least fraught with bruising, and at a maximum - dislocations and fractures. The right shoes will help protect yourself in ice and avoid injuries, outerwear and careful gait.
How to walk on ice?
During ice, try to walk slowly, do not keep your hands in your pockets, but balance them when moving. If you are carrying a bag, hang it over your shoulder. If possible, you need to choose the safest sections of the path and do not forget that there can also be ice under the snow. The foot on the ground must be placed completely on the entire sole and not strain the knees.
Elderly people are advised to use a cane with a rubber tip or a special stick with pointed spikes. If you slip, crouch down to lower your fall. In order to avoid fractures when falling, do not put your arm forward, try to keep your legs together.
Before crossing the road, it is best to wait once more for a car to pass, and not to run right in front of it, even if it seems to you that it is far enough away. Otherwise, you can fall and not have time to get up. In this case, you risk ending up in a hospital bed as a result of an accident.
Try not to wear high heels on ice. It is better to wear shoes with flat soles, preferably made of rubber, with treads that do not harden at low temperatures.
Regardless of what shoes you wear in winter, move in icy conditions as if you were wearing skis on your feet. It is advisable to step on the entire sole and not to raise your legs high when walking. If possible, it is better not to go, but to slide. If you have slippery shoes, then you can give it tenacity. There are several ways to do this.
Rubber prevention
The easiest option is to take the shoes to the nearest shoe shop and ask them to do "prevention from slipping." You will be glued to the soles and heels of a special rubber pad that will protect the shoes from ice.
medical plaster
You can buy a regular medical plaster, cut off small pieces from it and stick them on the sole. The patch prevents slipping well, but, unfortunately, it quickly gets wet and peels off. But it is impossible to predict how long the patch will last on the sole. As a rule, from several hours to two - three days. Therefore, it is a good idea to carry a supply of patch with you so that you can renew your stickers when you are away from home.
Felt
Anti-slip protection can also be made from old unnecessary boots. To do this, you need to cut off small pieces of felt from the bootleg and glue them with waterproof glue or Moment glue on the heels and soles. In order for the glue on the boots to dry completely, do not go outside in these shoes for a day. This method effectively prevents slipping, however, over time, the felt is erased.
Sandpaper
The soles of old boots can be rubbed with sandpaper - such prevention from slipping will ruin new shoes. In addition, this cardinal method will not be as effective as the previous ones, since with active wear, the sole of the boots is polished naturally and begins to slip. After a few days, the boots will have to be rubbed again.
ice access
If the ice is very strong, you can try special anti-slip pads on the sole - ice access. They are one size fits all, are sold in sports and hardware stores and provide reliable protection against falls.
courtesy rule
If you see that a passer-by is swaying next to you or is already falling, you should not run away, fearing that he will hit you. On the contrary, show solidarity - reach out and help maintain balance.
If you feel that you are falling in the first minutes, try to shift your body and body weight forward and to your side. In this case, the hands will reflexively help you to weaken the force of the fall. Under no circumstances should you fall back.
If you still fell - go to the traumatologist, even if there is no noticeable bruise. Firstly, not all injuries manifest themselves immediately, and secondly, sometimes even mild pain can indicate a dislocation, but only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis.
Shoes
The main taboo is high-heeled or platform shoes. The heel should be no higher than 3-4 centimeters. You can also try to conquer the ice-covered sidewalks in shoes on a comfortable wedge.
Shoes with absolutely flat soles are contraindicated, especially if they harden in the cold. It is best to wear boots or boots with a wide toe, thick corrugated soles with a mixed tread in ice (when a large pattern is combined with a small one).
clothing
Clothing should not hinder movement and impede visibility. It is best if the jacket is without a huge hood or high collar. In a soft down jacket, falling is less painful than in a thin jacket.
Do not take heavy bags with long handles - because of them you can lose your balance. If you are carrying multiple packages, try to evenly distribute the weight between both hands. The most convenient option in ice is a shoulder bag, like a postman.
How to walk without falling?
- Imagine yourself as a penguin. Bend your legs slightly, do not strain your knees, mince, stepping on the entire sole. It may look funny, but it works.
- Do not walk fast, do not raise your legs high. The smaller the step, the better. In the most dangerous places you can slowly slide.
- Never keep your hands in your pockets in ice. Fall in this case threatens. Slightly spread your arms to the sides and balance.
- Slipped - sit down. If you fall, then from a lower height. Throw away everything that you have in your hands: packages or a bag. Wave your hands, the stronger the better. It helps you stay on your feet.
How to behave on the street to avoid falling?
- Refuse to talk on the phone on the go or use a headset.
- Concentrate all your attention on the slippery road. Try to follow in the footsteps of others or along the edge of the sidewalk - it is usually less rolled there. Remember: there can also be ice under the snow, so be extremely careful.
- Show solidarity: if you see someone falling next to you, help them keep their balance.
- Remember that the most dangerous in ice are stairs (it is recommended to put both feet on each step, and not walk as usual), roadsides, iron manhole covers, as well as places with a decent slope. Try to avoid these places.
- Do a little warm-up before leaving the house to improve coordination. Sit down 20 times, rise on tiptoe 10-15 times.
- Never run across an icy road in front of a flying car, even across a pedestrian crossing. It is better to wait until the car passes or stops. The driver may be distracted, and you may slip and fall right on the road. And the braking distance in ice is much longer.
How to fall without breaking anything?
If you start to fall, tighten your muscles and try to regroup.
If you fall backwards, spread your arms out to the sides so you don't land on your elbows. Arch your back, pull your chin to your chest - this will save the back of your head from hitting. If possible, try to shift your body weight to the side - falling backwards is considered the most traumatic.
If you fall forward, bend at the elbows and tighten your arms to absorb the impact. Push a little as you fall with your feet forward to slide further.
If you fall on your side, do not spread your arms to the sides, press them to the body. Arch your back in an arc, shrink into a ball, pull your legs to your chest.
If you fall on the stairs, cover your head and face with your hands. Do not try to slow down the fall, otherwise you will get more fractures.
What parts of the body should not fall on?
- On the buttocks. It threatens with injuries of the coccyx or a fracture of the femoral neck.
- On the palm of an outstretched hand. It is fraught with complex fractures.
- On knees. Get a kneecap injury.
- On the elbows. Leads to clavicle fractures.
What to do if you still fall?
Contact the emergency room. Not all injuries show up right away, so it's best to be safe.
Apply cold to the bruised area for 20 minutes, with breaks every five minutes. A day later, if the edema has subsided, you can apply warming ointments on.
How to make shoes less slippery?
- Go to a shoe shop and have a non-slip rubber pad on the soles.
- Stick a few pieces of plaster on the sole yourself. This will make the shoes less slippery for several hours.
- The plaster can be replaced with more resistant felt or pieces of sandpaper.
- Rub the soles of old shoes with sandpaper or a grater.
- Small screws can be screwed into the thick corrugated sole.
- Buy in a sports store ice access - special anti-slip pads for shoes.
- If you have nowhere to glue, rub or buy protection, find the largest cotton socks and pull them over your boots or boots. Or take a ski pole with a pointed end with you.
Autumn days, when the night rain that passed the day before freezes on the pavement in the form of an ice crust in the morning, motorists jokingly call “tinsmith days”, and all because on such days the number of small accidents with dented wings and broken bumpers increases significantly on city roads. However, these days can rightly be called "the days of the traumatologist and radiologist", since the number of patients in trauma centers and X-ray rooms also increases significantly.
The coming winter brought new dangers - these are stairs uncleaned after a snowfall, the descent along which resembles the descent of a climber without insurance, and ice rinks powdered with snow. For schoolchildren, such skating rinks are great fun, making the way to school and home.
more fun, but for adults, ice hidden under the snow threatens with an unexpected fall and serious injury.
Nevertheless, it is in our power to protect ourselves from bruises, sprains and fractures in winter by following a few simple rules.
Proper footwear
At the first sign of ice, put on winter shoes. The sole of such shoes should not be slippery. When choosing shoes in a store, pay attention to the material from which the sole is made, since it is he who primarily determines the ability to resist slipping, and not the tread pattern, as many believe.
The softer the sole material, the more stable the shoe. Rubber is considered the best material from this point of view, but it tends to wear out quickly. Polyurethane is also okay, but if the frost is very strong, then the sole will harden and become slippery.
Equally important is the thickness of the sole. If the sole is too thick, then the flexion of the foot during walking will be difficult, which will inevitably lead to a decrease in stability. If the sole is thin, then stability will increase, but with it the risk of cooling the feet will also increase, which, as you know, can provoke the development of colds.
Correct gait
Once in a slippery place, you should not think about the beauty of walking and how you look from the outside. If, nevertheless, such thoughts visit you, then imagine how you will look in a hospital bed with a plastered leg or arm.
You need to walk on the ice with small but confident steps, stepping on a slippery surface with your whole foot at once, and not rolling from heel to toe, as usually happens during normal walking.
Despite the fact that you are not going to fall, you still need to prepare for the fall, for which you must group in advance in an appropriate way so that during the fall, tense muscles can protect bones, ligaments and bones from injury. internal organs. If you are ready to fall mentally and physically, then there will be much more chances to get up healthy.
How not to fall
Most often, you don’t expect a fall, and everything happens almost instantly. There is no need to talk about making a decision in a split second, since all movements are carried out reflexively. However, it is in our power to form the right reflexes in ourselves, for which it is not a sin to visit the gym and practice falling on soft mats, or do it at home, laying something soft on the floor.
If you neglect such preparation, then it is unlikely that during the fall your arms and legs will be in the most advantageous position and you will only have to hope for a lucky chance.
Among common mistakes when falling, the following can be distinguished:
- Reliance on a straight hand. In this case, the falling person is trying to prevent or soften the impact of the body on the ground by substituting a straightened arm under him. Thus, the entire weight of the body exerts the strongest pressure on the elbow joint, which as a result often breaks with fragments and displacement.
- Elbow support. As in the first case, the falling person "softens" his fall, but substitutes his elbow. The load in this case is transmitted through the humerus to the shoulder joint and collarbone. The clavicle is not the strongest bone in our body, which is why it breaks most often.
- Fall on the buttocks. In some cases, this species falling is very safe, for example, it can be practiced to avoid hitting a tree while skiing. However, if this happens while walking on ice, then the dynamics of the fall will turn out to be completely different - the legs will slip forward and the body will land in free fall on the fifth point. Most of the load in this case will fall on the spine, which can lead to compression of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs, injuring them (compression injury).
- Fall on the knee. This happens, as a rule, when a person stumbles and begins to fall forward or to the side, and at this time his hands are busy with full bags from the supermarket. The body of an unbalanced person continues to remain in a vertical position, but moves relative to the legs. Trying to save food and the cleanliness of clothes, the participant in the incident puts his knee as an emphasis, on which almost the entire body weight, plus the weight of the precious food set, falls as a result. The kneecap of such attention can simply not withstand and break due to unaccustomed. If this happens, then, under the impression of pain, the unfortunate man commemorates with a strong word both the slippery path, and all the janitors living in the world, and, of course, all the products in packages, according to the list indicated on the cash receipt.
- A blow to the back of the head when falling back. Such a nuisance occurs when a falling person does not have time to tighten the muscles of the neck, as a result of which the head continues to move after the shoulders have stopped. It turns out a kind of lever like a sling, at the end of which there is not a stone, but a head, which hits the back of the head with great speed on the ground. The outcome, at best, may be a bruise of the soft tissues of the back of the head, at worst, a concussion, a crack in the skull, the base of the skull, etc.
How to fall right
There are many ways to maintain the integrity of body parts during a fall. Those who practiced judo or some other kind of martial arts know that the first training sessions are boring, but the coaches persistently try to teach them how to fall correctly, because in this case the outcome of the fight largely depends on the technique of falling.
In our case, precious health and full capacity for work are at stake, so the technique of falling becomes even more relevant.
Most often, a person falls in three known ways: forward, backward and sideways. In all cases, the first thing to do is to free your hands, throwing away what is in them. The discarded things will have a chance to fall into a soft snowdrift, and you will have a chance to land without serious consequences.
Fall forward
If you stumble and fall forward, then your task is to group in such a way as to avoid mistakes number one and number four. To do this, straighten your legs and put forward both arms, bent at the elbows and slightly tense. Spread your fingers and bend slightly so that the palm resembles big spider. The fall should occur immediately on both hands, which will bend and soften the force of the blow, or even prevent the collision of the torso and the ground. The final position should be known from physical education lessons or from films about the army, lying down.
Fall back
When falling back, you must, on the one hand, save your tailbone and spine, and on the other hand, protect your neck. To do this, tilt your head forward as much as possible, resting your chin on your chest. Close your teeth and do not try to scream, much less speak (there will be time for a strong word when you are on the ground), otherwise you risk biting your tongue hard.
Bend your legs at the knees to about a right angle and spread them apart.
Straighten your arms and spread them apart at an angle of forty-five degrees relative to the body, while palms with closed and straight fingers should look down.
Bend your back in an arc so that, if necessary, you can roll from your lower back to your shoulders and vice versa, thereby extinguishing the force of inertia.
With this method, your hands will be the first to receive the blow and will certainly soften it. In order for the shock absorption to be greater, you can hit the ground with your hands when you fall, but not too hard to knock your palms off.
Side fall
In this case, you must prevent the fall on the elbow and straight arm. To do this, straighten your arm and stretch it forward, pointing your palm down. As with a backward fall, the arm must touch the ground first and along its entire length, resulting in a decrease in the force of the blow.
The leg should also take part in the cushioning, so bend it at the knee and take it to the side of the fall, trying to touch the ground with its entire side surface. The area of contact in this case will be larger and the energy of the fall will be distributed more evenly.
Tilt your head to your chest and in the direction opposite to the direction of the fall, as a result of which you will avoid hitting your temple and ear.
As always, with the onset of winter and the appearance of snow, the question arises - what can be done so as not to fall, and what to do if a fall occurs? Since this winter is not the first in our lives, people have already gained some experience of movement in order to protect themselves from falls as much as possible.
The first thing we can do is to be extremely careful and not rush while walking on snowy and icy sidewalks. Of particular danger are ice strips powdered with snow. Moving slowly, it is easier to navigate and choose safe sections of the road. If you need to be in time for a certain time, for example, to work, you should leave the house in advance. Haste can be insidious - he put his foot wrong, didn’t notice ice under the snow, and as a result fell, well, if without consequences. Choose those sections of the sidewalk that are sprinkled with anti-icing materials. This will save you from unnecessary extreme.
Do not keep your hands in your pockets, even if they are cold. Hang your bag over your shoulder if possible. Hands should be free to move - if slipped, it is easier to balance them, preventing a fall. Try to take a step firmly, placing the entire sole on the pavement at once, while not straining your knees.
Shoes should be worn according to the weather. The wider the area of the sole, the greater its grip on the road. And the protectors on the shoes make it even more stable. The rubber outsole does not harden in sub-zero temperatures, so this is the best option for slippery roads. And here high heels, especially hairpins, are not suitable for ice, as you can slide on them even just standing still. And when you try to move forward, the legs in such shoes disperse in different directions.
In heavy ice, it is recommended to use a cane with a sharp or rubber tip, even for people who do not normally use it.
The style of walking needs to be changed for a while. It may look a little funny from the outside, but moving in the sleet in the manner of a skier, you will greatly reduce the load on your legs and protect yourself from bruises and injuries. Without lifting your feet high, you just need to slide, especially in slippery shoes.
Speaking of slippery shoes - this can be dealt with. Rubber pads are glued to the sole, and in this form walking on an icy road is much more comfortable.
Not so effective, but the role of rubber can be played by an ordinary medical plaster glued to the sole. True, it will be erased or peeled off after a while, so you will need to have a supply of it in order to stick new strips on time.
Do not neglect these simple tips, try to do everything possible to save yourself from unnecessary problems.
