Many believe that poisoning is not a threat to infants - that's why they are "breasts". Who better than an ambulance doctor to know the price of such a delusion! If the baby is already able to move independently, it is sometimes even difficult for adults to imagine how quickly the young pioneer masters the living space surrounding him. What is the main element of the learning process? Of course, taste it! However, one should not think that the baby, who has not yet learned to walk, is completely insured by his helplessness from acute poisoning. And if he fell ill, and for many nights his mother, who did not sleep for many nights, mistakenly overdid it with a dose of medicine? Or a baby with a purposefulness worthy of a better application crawls to the box with a first-aid kit, opens it, and ... We will talk about how to organize your life in such a way as to minimize the likelihood of this kind of accident, but for now we will tell you what to do if the trouble still befalls.
Vitaliy Zazovsky
ambulance doctor
How to diagnose acute poisoning
You can’t ask a baby what he ate and where he hurts, therefore, if there is even the slightest suspicion of the possibility of poisoning (they found an open bottle of medicine, nail polish smeared on the dressing table, etc.), utmost care is necessary. In the case of infants, poisoning by ingested toxic substances is often detected by comparing the symptoms of the disease and ascertaining the fact that the corresponding toxic preparation has disappeared. The symptoms of poisoning, of course, depend on the substance with which it is caused, and on how much of this substance has entered the body. However, the most common features are:
- nausea, vomiting, severe weakness, abdominal pain, dizziness, allergic skin rashes (in case of poisoning with antipyretics and antibiotics, household chemicals);
- drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, apathy, weakness (in case of poisoning with sedative and hypnotic drugs, alcohol);
- attacks of psychomotor agitation, muscle twitches, anxiety, impaired coordination, hallucinations, convulsions (characteristic of poisoning with antidepressants and other psychotropic drugs, anti-tuberculosis drugs - isoniazid, or tubazid; plant alkaloids such as atropine, ephedrine, etc., gasoline and other petroleum derivatives, acetone, insecticides);
- vomiting with blood, salivation, severe sore throat, visible swelling and / or white plaque in the mouth, red urine (poisoning with caustic acids and bases: acetic essence, ammonia, etc.).
What to do if acute poisoning is suspected
1. Immediately call an ambulance.
2. Until the doctor arrives, if the child has not drunk any acid (such as acetic) or a caustic base (such as caustic soda or a detergent based on it), he should be given as much as possible more water. The amount of washing liquid for children up to a year is 1 l (up to 5 years - 3-5 l).
3. Lay the child face down on the lap of an adult sitting in a chair. The head of the child should be lower than the rest of the body, the stomach should be slightly pressed. In this position, the child is injected into the throat forefinger wrapped in a clean handkerchief or piece of gauze to make him vomit.
4. Give your child Activated carbon(at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight).
5. The remaining part of the toxic substance or vomit, as well as the packaging material, should be collected and taken with the child to the nearest hospital.
What not to do if acute poisoning is suspected
1. In no case do not waste time - call a doctor and start providing first aid.
2. It is unacceptable to give the child any antidotes, laxatives or medicines (with the exception of activated charcoal) before the doctor arrives.
3. Do not give milk to the child - except in cases where acid has served as a toxic substance. Milk (a traditional "folk" remedy for poisoning) can aggravate an already serious situation by accelerating the transition of the toxic substance into the child's blood. (For acid poisoning, on the other hand, you should give the victim as much milk as possible, adding a teaspoon of baking soda to it.)
4. Do not hide from the doctor and people providing emergency care the circumstances under which the poisoning occurred, the origin and amount of the poisonous substance that could have entered the child's body.
How to prevent a critical situation
1. Keep the first aid kit for children separately from the adult one, and both of them - in a place absolutely inaccessible to the child.
2. Be extremely careful when you have to give your child medicine. Pay special attention to:
- the name of the drug;
- its expiration date;
- doctor's prescription (required) dosage form, dosage, number and time of taking the medicine during the day).
3. Do not store poisonous substances in a place accessible to the child (cosmetics and perfumes - on the dressing table, detergents - on the sink, vinegar - on the bottom shelf of the kitchen table, acetone and kerosene - on an open shelf, etc.).
Here, in fact, are all the precautions. It remains only to be surprised and grieve that not all parents and far from always observe them.
Tags:Infants are the most sensitive and at risk of food poisoning. The cause of child poisoning may be the consumption of chemically or bacterially contaminated food. The smaller your baby, the higher the risk of poisoning his body with bacterially contaminated and toxic substances.
Child poisoning with salt
Such poisoning can occur due to an accidental mistake - adding salt instead of sugar to the baby's food. Such a mistake can lead to serious consequences - dehydration of body cells, up to their death. For infants, such poisoning can be fatal. Symptoms: vomiting, restlessness, heat, respiratory failure, convulsions. How to avoid poisoning? Every time you prepare food for a child, it must be tasted; experts advise not to add salt to the food of a small child at all.
This article highlights some types of food poisoning with a description of the main symptoms and ways to prevent the occurrence of this type of poisoning in infants.
Poisoning a child with foods containing high doses of nitrites and nitrates
Beets, carrots, spinach, cucumbers and other vegetables accumulate nitrates if the soil is richly fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers. In such vegetables, or cooked food, nitrites are formed after a few days. Nitrites are toxic. Babies under 4 months of age are at risk of nitrite poisoning. The main symptom of poisoning the body is suffocation. To avoid poisoning, it is necessary to prepare food for a child from vegetables that are not oversaturated with nitrates, it is also not recommended to use well water, because it can be rich in nitrates.
Poisoning a child with bee honey
Such poisoning can happen for 2 reasons: the content of spores of botulinum bacteria in honey, which leads to poisoning of the baby's body with toxins and damage nervous system; and in the event that honey is collected from the flowers of poisonous plants. To avoid this kind of poisoning, it is not recommended to sweeten the food of infants with honey.
Poisoning with bacterially contaminated food
Contaminated food, unwashed hands and dirty dishes can easily cause this kind of poisoning. Various pathogenic bacteria, intestinal viruses and other bacteria can enter the child's digestive canal. The main symptom of such poisoning is a severe digestive disorder, especially dangerous for babies. Long-term stored foods can also cause symptoms of this kind. To avoid such poisoning, it is necessary: to observe strict hygiene when preparing a child's food; always feed the child only freshly prepared food; leftover food after feeding should not be given the next time.
Intoxication or poisoning is the reaction of the body to toxic toxins that disrupt its normal functioning. In young children, the digestive organs are just beginning to form, in connection with this, toxic infection is much more difficult, more intense than in adults. Any poisoning is fraught with complications and at the slightest sign of intoxication, you should consult a doctor.
Types and causes of poisoning
The ways in which toxic substances enter the body are different:
- oral - through the mouth;
- cavitary - getting into the ear cavity or rectum;
- inhalation - inhalation;
- through the skin - bites and injections.
Oral intoxication can be caused by poor-quality or spoiled complementary foods, poor handling of the bottle or nipple. Up to six months, doctors do not advise introducing meat puree, cereals and cow's milk. Early heavy feeding can cause indigestion and poisoning. All products that mom uses to make mashed potatoes must undergo thorough heat treatment.
In the room where there is a small child, the use of chemicals is unacceptable. Vapors of gasoline, acetone and other products can cause inhalation poisoning. In infants, it comes on very quickly, the symptoms are more acute due to the ratio of height, weight and lung capacity. To process a bottle or nipple, it is better to use soda and boiled water, avoiding chemical detergents.
Symptoms of poisoning
Signs of intoxication depend on the type and amount of the substance that has entered the body. If the poisoning is infectious, the main symptoms are:
- muscle aches and headache. A newborn is unlikely to say that he is in pain, you need to monitor external manifestations;
- vomiting and diarrhea of varying intensity;
- fever and chills.
Poisoning by heavy vapors of chemicals is characterized by:
- skin redness;
- rapid breathing;
- vomiting;
- convulsions;
- frequent heartbeat;
- loss of consciousness;
- general weakness.
Parents should not neglect loss of appetite, upset stools and tearfulness, perhaps these are symptoms of infectious poisoning.
Forms of manifestation
Food intoxication in an infant is characterized by suddenness, the baby turns pale sharply, begins to cry and act up. The reason for this is the rapid absorption of the causative agent of toxic infection in the gastrointestinal tract. Extremely severe forms are especially dangerous, although they happen very rarely in infants, if the spread of toxins in the body is not stopped in a timely manner. The following signs require immediate treatment:
- frequent severe vomiting;
- diarrhea lasting more than two hours (an alarming sign is diarrhea with an admixture of blood);
- increased pallor of the face, blue lips;
- rapid pulse against the background of general weakness.
With a mild form of poisoning, urgent hospitalization is not required. It is enough to call a doctor at home if:
- the baby is worried about colic;
- the whites of the eyes turned yellow;
- the temperature does not rise above 37.5 ° C;
- the child has no appetite, he refuses milk;
- diarrhea no more than 2-3 times a day;
- viscous saliva is secreted in the mouth.
First aid
When determining food poisoning it is necessary to do an immediate gastric lavage. The sooner the harmful substances are removed from the body, the less severe the consequences will be. A child up to a year is recommended to give boiled water at the rate of 20 ml per 1 kg of weight. For greater safety, it is better to carry out this procedure in a hospital or at home under the supervision of a doctor. In case of acid poisoning, give the baby milk.
Drinking liquid usually provokes vomiting, so the body tries to get rid of toxins. If the child does not vomit, this may be a sign of a severe infection. In this case, urgent hospitalization and lavage or the introduction of intravenous drip solutions in a hospital are required. Until the doctor arrives, you need to draw up detailed list symptoms and, if possible, to understand the cause of poisoning - this will speed up the diagnosis and facilitate treatment.
If the poisoning was caused by gasoline vapors, it is not recommended to induce vomiting, the condition can be aggravated by toxic damage to the lungs. Before the ambulance arrives, the child must be provided with constant access to fresh air: bring it to an open window or take it outside.
Treatment for mild food poisoning
In case of intoxication, standard actions should be followed.
- Carefully monitor the condition of the baby, if you feel worse, immediately call an ambulance.
- To avoid dehydration, observe the drinking regime, you can give breast milk.
- Give the child sorbents that remove toxins from the body.
- Follow a strict diet all the time while the baby is not feeling well.
- Make sure that the baby lies on its side all the time to avoid getting vomit into the respiratory tract.
Replenish the loss of fluid in the body will help reception pharmaceutical preparations(Rehydron) or home-made water-salt solutions. For the first 2-3 hours of poisoning, the child cannot be fed, and a strict diet must be followed for at least a week. If intoxication was caused by a mixture for feeding, it is better to replace it, after consulting with your doctor.
What not to do when intoxicated
Wrong actions of parents can only aggravate the condition and slow down treatment.
- It is necessary to call a doctor and provide first aid immediately, the loss of time is fraught with terrible consequences.
- If the poisoning was caused by acid, the child should be given milk to drink. In all other cases, it is contraindicated, because it accelerates the absorption of poison into the blood.
- Laxatives and other drugs without a doctor's prescription should not be given.
- It is impossible to hide from doctors who provide emergency care under what circumstances the poisoning occurred and the amount of poison that entered the body.
Prevention
Elementary rules of hygiene will help to exclude or at least reduce the likelihood of food intoxication. After each visit to the toilet, visits public place you need to wash your hands thoroughly. All products for the preparation of complementary foods should be processed thermally. It is impossible to violate the mode of storage of perishable foodstuffs, after the expiration date, they must be thrown away. To avoid contact with air and insects, do not store food on the table in the open.
In other cases, the following will help prevent an unpleasant situation:
- a first-aid kit, both for children and adults, should be stored in a safe place out of the reach of the baby;
- when treating a child, always pay attention to the dosage of the medicine and the expiration date. The drug should be prescribed by a doctor, you can not self-medicate;
- Keep detergents, cosmetics, vinegar and other toxic substances out of reach.
And always remember that preventing poisoning is much easier than treating it. Prevention is the only reliable way to avoid the serious consequences of toxic infection.
Poisoning in children is a common problem that requires immediate treatment. It is dangerous due to fluid loss with profuse diarrhea and vomiting, leading to dehydration. Sometimes this leads to the failure of vital organs such as the heart and kidneys. Poisoning with toxic substances, infection with pathogenic bacteria for infants is especially dangerous. Poisoning in infants, a one-year-old child and older children is caused by the following reasons:
- Poor quality drinking water.
- Poisoning from spoiled food.
- Entering the body of pathogenic viruses, bacteria.
- Intoxication with chemical poisons: detergents, insecticides, plant treatments.
- Allergic reaction for food and milk formulas, baby cereals.
- Reaction to antibiotics.
- Poisoning poisonous plants ingestion of animal toxins.
Bacterial toxins
Food poisoning in infants can be caused by foods and milk formulas that have been stored under improper conditions. Too high a temperature leads to the development of pathogenic microorganisms (Proteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella).
Detergents - surfactants, acids, alkalis, hydrocarbons also threaten the health of young children. Being in an accessible place for a child, they attract with bright packaging. Insecticides for the destruction of garden pests can cause poisoning both by inhalation and if they enter the gastrointestinal tract.
Plant and mushroom poisons, bites of poisonous animals
Nightshade leaves, castor beans, aconite, belladonna cause poisoning in one-year-old children and older children. Alkaloids of the belladonna provoke malfunctions in the work of the heart. Inedible mushrooms also cause serious poisoning. Poisons of spiders, scorpions and snakes are often the causes of poisoning. 
Allergy
An allergic reaction when eating intolerable foods is manifested by symptoms of infant poisoning. Diarrhea, vomiting in such cases is a consequence of the development of an immediate hypersensitive reaction to food, drugs. It is also possible spasm of the larynx and bronchi, the appearance of a rash on the body of a different nature.
Antibiotics used in diseases of the ENT organs and other infections lead to diarrhea due to a violation of the microbial landscape of the intestine.
Symptoms
The symptoms of poisoning in infants manifest themselves in different ways, but small children do not yet speak, so they often scream and cry with abdominal pain. Older children complain of pain. Possible symptoms in case of poisoning in infants:
- Diarrhea with mucus or blood, colic in the abdomen.
- Restlessness of the infant, sometimes convulsions.
- Nausea, vomiting.
- Temperature rise.
- With belladonna poisoning, dilated pupils.
- Loss of consciousness, clammy sweat.
- Violation of speech, vision, breathing.
- Inhibition of cardiac activity.
Symptoms of infant poisoning are manifested in refusal of the breast, anxiety, and a piercing cry. There is profuse diarrhea, blanching of the skin. With the development of severe dehydration, heart failure and collapse develop, which causes cyanosis of the skin in severe intoxications. In case of poisoning with belladonna and other poisonous plants, mushrooms, hallucinations are possible.
Treatment of poisoning in infants
What to do in case of poisoning in the baby? First of all, you need to take care of the delivery of the child to a medical facility. In case of food poisoning, it is necessary to give the child sorbents for absorption harmful substances ().
Important! With the threat of dehydration, a solution of Regidron or a 40% glucose solution is used, which is used after vomiting and loss of fluid with feces. Give to drink the remedy in small sips.
What to do if a one-year-old child is poisoned? To suppress pathogenic microflora, Enterol or Baktisubtil is used, dissolving the contents of the capsules in water or Regidron. These are preparations of microorganisms that displace pathogens of intestinal infections and contribute to the establishment of intestinal biocenosis after poisoning. Antibiotics and enteroseptics are used after a stool test for intestinal infections.
Recovery digestive system after poisoning, it is necessary to give the child mechanically sparing food - liquid cereals. With infectious gastroenterocolitis, lactase enzyme function may be impaired, so lactose-free mixtures must be used.
In a hospital, to get rid of toxic substances, the stomach is washed through a nasogastric tube using a Janet syringe. If necessary, perform blood purification, peritoneal dialysis. To speed up the withdrawal of toxic substances, diuretics and laxatives are used as directed by a doctor. Apply also specific antidotes. In case of poisoning with heavy metals, sodium thiosulfate, Tetacin-calcium are used. Copper removes D-penicillamine.
Conclusion
It is necessary to protect the child from poisoning: use boiled drinking water, use high-quality and hypoallergenic milk formulas and more children food Keep cleaning products out of the reach of children. What you need to pay attention to and what to do in case of poisoning in a one-year-old child, see the video.
The baby suddenly cried plaintively, pointing to his stomach. Most likely he ate something. What to do in this situation? Perhaps the reason is. Calm down, you need to figure it out and start acting.
How to determine the presence of food poisoning in a child, how to treat it - what should be given from the funds in the home medicine cabinet to help cope with the disease, is it necessary to feed and water the baby with toxic infection? Let's break it all down!
How to distinguish from rotavirus
It is very important to know the enemy in person. Then methods of influence will be available. In these two conditions, completely different therapy is used.
intestinal flu
Cefekon in candles is allowed for babies from the first days of life, Nurofen too. Both drugs are combined in this way: give Paracetamol. If he did not help within an hour, then you can safely use Ibuprofen.
If the temperature is above 39 degrees, for children older than a year, they resort to the so-called: a quarter of Analgin, Diphenhydramine, Paracetamol are mixed and given to the baby. As a rule, the fever subsides after 20 minutes.
When relief comes in a child after poisoning, how many days does the whole horror of toxic infection last? Usually in mild cases no more than four days. The main thing is not to get confused and to be treated correctly.
The opinion of Dr. Komarovsky
Food poisoning - emergency care of Dr. Komarovsky:
Parents must remember that in case of poisoning, in no case should you give your child painkillers, dairy products, soda.