Throughout the post-Soviet space, the Russian-speaking population in colloquial speech still often uses the term "chauffeur". Everyone knows that "chauffeur" and "driver" are the same concepts. At the same time, everything is clear with the “driver” - the word comes from the verb “drive”. But what about the word "chauffeur"? Where did it come from and how is it different from the "driver"?
Definition
Driver- This is a general concept that refers to any person driving a vehicle. Also, a driver is a person who is in a vehicle and teaches driving.
Chauffeur- a narrower definition, more often used to denote a person's belonging to a profession.
Comparison
The term "chauffeur" has French roots (French chauffeur - "stoker", "stoker"). It has been introduced into use in Russia since the appearance of self-propelled carts with steam power plant. They used wood and coal as fuel.
The concept of "chauffeur" was popular in the Soviet years, but over time, the term "driver" began to displace it. Currently, the word "driver" is widely used both in colloquial speech and in official documents. So, the SDA gives a detailed definition of who is the driver, and the word "driver" is no longer used at the official level.
Historically, it is customary to call a driver a person whose profession is directly related to driving vehicles, i.e. specialist.
“Driver” is a more general concept that covers all people who drive vehicles, most often cars.
Findings site
- A driver is any person who drives or is in a vehicle while learning to ride.
- The driver is a professional whose activity is related to the management of transport.
- The term "chauffeur" comes from the French word, which means "stoker", "stoker".
- The concept of "chauffeur" is more often used in relation to the profession, and "driver" - to any person who has a driver's license or controls a mode of transport (most often a car).
- In the Soviet era, the term "chauffeur" was used more often than "driver", now it's the other way around.
- The concept of "driver" is replacing the word "chauffeur", which is gradually becoming obsolete, archaic (obsolete).
Although at first glance it seems that there are no differences between the concepts of a driver and a driver, except for the prevalence and time of use, in reality everything is somewhat different. In everyday life quite common understanding of the synonymy of these words.
It is quite possible to say “truck driver” or “truck driver”. The same applies to taxis. The meaning of this does not change much, however, if we speak in real life, this is not always the case.
Under the broad concept of the word driver is understood as a common accepted name for a person who manages a variety of vehicle, as well as by the moving machines and units themselves. It is worth noting that the word is extremely ancient.
In those days, when no one even thought about cars, it meant a person who showed the way. He was a guide, a guide, a man who knew how to quickly get from one place to another. In some cases, as a figurative meaning, this word also had the meaning of mentor.
If we talk about the modern literary language, then this is only a person who has received a certain specialized training that allowed him to control various types land and water transport.
Very often this word is also part of the general, which implies a higher and wider qualification of a person. In particular, in the army, due to the need to combine several basic functions, there is such a thing as a driver.
The word succumbed to the greatest generalization already in the 30s of the XX century. It was at this time that new types of cars saw the light. In addition, a large number of new transport and working machines have appeared, including tractors. At the moment, the word driver is very much involved in a wide variety of features. business wording.
Almost all documents, instructions, office papers, contracts, various announcements, various inscriptions and other information and legal documents call the word driver.
In general, the word driver differs more generally, global understanding, which does not have any special stylistic coloring due to its use in the official language. If we talk about the word driver, then it is much more specific.
In particular, the drivers of the car are most often called drivers. Usually in the cultural speech of drivers of various tractors, harvesters, bulldozers and even motorcycles are not called drivers in principle.
If we talk about the origin and etymology of the word itself, it came from the French language at the beginning of the 20th century. This is already noticeable in its pronunciation, since the stress is always on the second syllable. Initial value in French- this word had as a stoker or stoker.
As you might guess, initially this profession was most directly related to the railways. If there were separate definitions for the driver and mechanic, then the driver in the classics was responsible just for the traction of the car.
Subsequently, it was this property that was transferred to people who drove vehicles and did not need in large numbers state. The meaning of the concepts of thrust is directly associated with the word driver.
Concerning specific features and characteristics of the modern use of the term, it is worth noting that in everyday life not all drivers are called drivers. Only drivers are professionals who already have many years of practice and know how to navigate in the most difficult situations, deserve the title of a driver.
It is the professional trait that is the main characteristic this term. Everyone who drives a vehicle in one way or another can be called a driver. However, not all drivers are chauffeurs. Most often this professional workers who make their living just by driving a vehicle.
Those who drive their own car most often are not called drivers. Sometimes it becomes necessary to use the word driver for an individual non-professional driver. In this case, it is quite acceptable to use such a phrase as an amateur driver. It is common to understand features such as amateur chauffeur courses, as well as amateur chauffeur driving licenses.
Summarizing all of the above, it is worth noting key features and the differences between the two. So, drivers are any people who drive a vehicle at a particular moment.
If we talk about the driver, then this is always a professional driver, whose direct activity is directly related to driving vehicles. Chauffeur - profession name when the concept of a driver includes all people who have the appropriate certificate and drive a vehicle.
Chauffeur and driver. What is the difference?
At first glance, it may seem that there are no special differences in the use of these words. We can say: truck driver and truck driver, taxi driver and taxi driver. In reality, however, this is not entirely true.
The word driver is used as a general official name for a person driving a vehicle or various kinds of moving machines, units. It is a rather ancient word in its origin. In the old days, it literally meant: “a person who shows the way to someone,” that is, the one who leads, guide, escort. In addition, it was figuratively used in the meaning of "leader, mentor."
In the modern Russian literary language, a driver is a person who has received special training and drives a bus, tractor, or boat. This word is also used in the addition denoting the profession: driver
The word driver received its generalized modern meaning in the 30s of the XX century in connection with the release of new types of cars, with the development of our car and tractor industry. Now it is widely used in official business speech, in various official documents - instructions, driving licenses, in official announcements and inscriptions.
If the word driver denotes a more general, specific concept and carries a special stylistic coloring, then the synonymous word chauffeur is used in a narrower and more specific sense: “car driver”. Of course, we will not call the driver of a combine, tractor, bulldozer, motorcycle or dump truck a driver.
The word chauffeur came into our language from French at the beginning of the 20th century (hence, by the way, its constant stress on the second syllable from the beginning: chauffeur, with the chauffeur, about the chauffeur; plural chauffeurs, chauffeurs). It is interesting to note that in the French language itself, the word chauffeur originally meant "stoker", "stoker". The fact is that before the advent of cars, the French word chauffeur meant railways not a mechanic or a locomotive driver, but his stoker, and then this word was transferred to the one who drives the car, provides its “traction”.
In modern Russian, the driver means only the driver of the car. Note, by the way, that we do not call every driver a driver, but only a professional driver; driver is the name of a person by profession. We can say taxi driver and taxi driver, dump truck driver and dump truck driver, etc. However, the driver own car we are unlikely to call him a driver, since he is not a professional motorist. When we need to use the word chauffeur in relation to a non-professional, we always refer to the addition of two words: amateur chauffeur. We say: enroll in courses for amateur drivers; get an amateur driver's license, etc.
These are the main features in the use of the words chauffeur and driver, which are close in their meanings, in the Russian literary language of our days.
Another name for the profession - a driver - came from French the words chauffeur, meaning in literal translation "stoker", " fireman”, which is due to the fact that the first steam-powered vehicles used coal and firewood. AT traffic rules there is a detailed definition of the term "driver".
A little scary, at least strange in his outfit, "chauffeur" seems to us a new creature, born of the discoveries of science. He flies to the intended target, raising whirlwinds of dust behind him and showing miracles of agility to avoid obstacles on the road. For a real "chauffeur" is one who takes part in races organized to demonstrate that a very light cart, driven by a powerful motor and driven by a very dexterous person, is capable of moving very quickly from one point to another.
Magazine "Illustration" (France) for 1898
Initially, the duties of a "chauffeur" were very complex and time-consuming. Mr. "chauffeur" approached the carriage house, where the self-propelled carriage stood and, first of all, installed it "as horizontally as possible" (as it was written in the factory instructions). Then he took a hose and connected it to the muffler with the exhaust pipe. Then he filled the tank with gasoline (since it was drained at night, because they could not get rid of fuel leaks). Next I inserted the wire. magneto in candle and opened the gas supply valve. Immediately, headlong running around the car, he pressed the needle carburetor and drained excess fuel so that it did not enter too much into a single cylinder. After these manipulations, the chauffeur twisted the curved handle starter"about five times," according to the instructions. Then he opened the carburetor first, and then a special compression valve in order to release the pressure in the cylinder, otherwise gasoline would not go there. And then, in conclusion, he again rotated the handle until flashes appeared in the cylinder. As soon as the engine starts, you need to adjust the fuel supply to it with a tap, if it doesn’t start, you need to unscrew the spark plug, rinse it and dry it, drain the gasoline from the carburetor and, then, repeat everything in the same order ...
When the engine finally starts, the "chauffeur" climbs onto goats, and pushing through extremely tight pedals and turning with great effort steering wheel(the first self-propelled engines did not have a steering wheel at all, but there was a long lever), which turned with difficulty even at full speed.
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An excerpt characterizing the driver
Pierre shook his head negatively and went on. In another alley, a sentry standing at a green box shouted at him, and Pierre only realized at the repeated menacing cry and the sound of a gun taken by the sentry in his hand that he had to go around the other side of the street. He did not hear or see anything around him. He, like something terrible and alien to him, with haste and horror carried his intention within himself, fearing - taught by the experience of last night - somehow lose it. But Pierre was not destined to convey his mood intact to the place where he was heading. In addition, even if he had not been hindered by anything on the way, his intention could not have been fulfilled already because Napoleon had traveled more than four hours ago from the Dorogomilovsky suburb through the Arbat to the Kremlin and was now sitting in the tsar’s office in the gloomiest mood. Kremlin Palace and gave detailed, detailed orders on the measures that should immediately have been taken to extinguish the fire, prevent looting and calm the inhabitants. But Pierre did not know this; he, completely absorbed in what was to come, was tormented, as people are tormented who stubbornly undertook an impossible deed - not because of difficulties, but because of the unusualness of the matter with their nature; he was tormented by the fear that he would weaken at the decisive moment and, as a result, lose respect for himself.Although he did not see or hear anything around him, he knew the way by instinct and was not mistaken by the lanes that led him to Povarskaya.
As Pierre approached Povarskaya, the smoke grew stronger and stronger, it even became warm from the fire. From time to time, fiery tongues rose from behind the roofs of houses. More people met on the streets, and this people were more anxious. But Pierre, although he felt that something unusual was going on around him, did not realize that he was approaching the fire. Walking along a path that ran along a large undeveloped place, adjacent on one side to Povarskaya, on the other to the gardens of the house of Prince Gruzinsky, Pierre suddenly heard a desperate cry of a woman beside him. He stopped, as if awakening from a dream, and raised his head.
Away from the path, on dried dusty grass, a heap of household belongings were piled up: featherbeds, a samovar, images and chests. On the ground near the chests sat a middle-aged, thin woman, with long protruding upper teeth, dressed in a black cloak and cap. This woman, swaying and saying something, bursting into tears. Two girls, from ten to twelve years old, dressed in dirty short dresses and cloaks, with an expression of bewilderment on their pale, frightened faces, looked at their mother. A younger boy, about seven years old, in a coat and a huge cap that was not his own, was crying in the arms of the old nurse. A dirty, barefooted girl sat on a chest and, having loosened her whitish braid, tugged at her singed hair, sniffing at it. The husband, a short, round-shouldered man in a uniform, with wheel-shaped sideburns and smooth temples that could be seen from under a straight-on cap, with a motionless face, parted chests stacked one on top of the other, and pulled out some kind of robes from under them.
The woman almost threw herself at Pierre's feet when she saw him.
“Dear fathers, Orthodox Christians, save me, help me, my dear! .. someone help me,” she said through sobs. - A girl! .. Daughter! .. They left my younger daughter! .. Burned down! Oh oh oh! for that I lele you ... Oh oh oh!
“Enough, Marya Nikolaevna,” the husband turned to his wife in a low voice, apparently only to justify himself before stranger. - The sister must have taken it away, otherwise where else to be? he added.
- An idol! The villain! the woman screamed angrily, suddenly stopping crying. “You don’t have a heart, you don’t feel sorry for your child. Another would have taken it out of the fire. And this is an idol, not a man, not a father. You are a noble person, - the woman turned to Pierre with a patter, sobbing. - It caught fire nearby, - it was thrown towards us. The girl screamed: it's on fire! Rushed to collect. In what they were, they jumped out in that ... That's what they captured ... God's blessing and a dowry bed, otherwise everything was gone. Grab the kids, no Katechki. Oh my God! Ltd! – and again she sobbed. - My dear child, it burned down! burned down!
- Yes, where, where did she stay? Pierre said. From the expression on his animated face, the woman realized that this man could help her.
- Father! Father! she screamed, grabbing his legs. “Benefactor, at least calm my heart ... Aniska, go, vile, see her off,” she shouted at the girl, angrily opening her mouth and showing her long teeth even more with this movement.