From the book: V. M. Krylova “Cadet corps and Russian cadets”
The symbolism of the cadet corps should include, first of all, badges military educational institutions, tokens, issued to each cadet, as well as banners, the highest granted to the cadet corps by the reigning persons. Most of these symbols of military history and military glory are genuine works of art of the finest workmanship, material monuments of their time. They told a lot about the military educational institutions of Tsarist Russia and undoubtedly deserve separate scientific research.
Signs and tokens, as honorary symbols of the cadet corps, played an important role in their lives. Small in size badges were very dear to the students, teachers, and officer-educators of these educational institutions, primarily as evidence of the community of cadets, as signs of memory. They were proudly worn on a uniform or uniform, and tokens- on a chain, on a button on the side of the uniform or as watch charms.
The creation of breastplates and tokens was treated very responsibly. In each individual case, a competition for sketch projects was announced. The submitted drawings and samples were submitted for the highest approval to the emperors or approval to the ministers of war. Made of silver and gold or inexpensive metal, finished with enamel, they still amaze jewelers today and are the subject of close study by military historians and specialists in the field of phaleristics.
An equally important element of symbolism is the banners of the cadet corps. Since ancient times, the banner has become a shrine - a symbol of a military formation (organization) and its honor. It consists of a double-sided panel of a certain color (or colors), mounted on a shaft with a metal tip-finial, with inscriptions, emblems and decorations. The banners of the cadet corps, first granted in 1732 and 1733 by Empress Anna Ioannovna to the Land Noble Cadet Corps 1, were no exception.
As illustrative material for the above, a description is given of the manufactured and approved designs of badges, badges and banners of the cadet corps, collected by the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering Troops and Signal Corps.
BADGE BADGES
Approved on March 18, 1902 in memory of the 100th anniversary of the Corps of Pages: one for “officers and class ranks” - teachers and educators; the second is for students who have graduated from the corps. |
Approved on June 12, 1907: one for “officers and class ranks” - teachers and educators; the second is for pupils. |
Approved on December 13, 1911 in memory of the 200th anniversary of the corps. |
Approved May 1, 1910 |
Approved October 15, 1913 |
Approved November 28, 1909 |
Approved January 15, 1914 |
Approved on January 24, 1914. The badge consists of two crossed bronze unicorns, on which the Arakcheev coat of arms is superimposed (a shield topped with a count's crown is divided into three fields: on top on a gold background there is a double-headed eagle, on the left on a blue background white bow, on the right on a red background is a cannon with a bronze barrel. At the bottom there is a ribbon with the inscription: “Betrayed without flattery.” To the left and right of the shield are soldiers on guard). Under the unicorns there is a red ribbon with black edging (by color shoulder strap). On the left on the ribbon is the monogram of Nicholas I, on the right is Nicholas II, below is the inscription: “March 15, 1834.” (date of foundation of the building). |
Approved May 6, 1913 |
Approved November 5, 1913 |
Approved on February 28, 1918 in memory of the 100th anniversary of the corps. |
It is a bas-relief of A.V. Suvorov, framed by a gold wreath of oak and laurel leaves, superimposed on two silver crossed field marshal's batons. |
Approved on March 20, 1900 in memory of the 200th anniversary of the educational institution (January 14, 1901) |
Approved on April 19, 1910. The badge represents a golden wreath of laurel and oak branches under the imperial crown. On the wreath are crossed silver oxidized anchors, on which lies the coat of arms of the Naval Corps (on a shield covered with red enamel, there are gold crossed gradstaff, rudder and broadsword with the hilt down with a gold crown on the tip). Around the coat of arms is a gold ribbon with gold tassels, covered blue enamel. On the tape on the left and right are the inscriptions: “Navigation School”; "Naval Cad. Cor.", top date: 1701; 1901. Above the coat of arms is a silver oxidized double-headed eagle with outstretched wings, which holds in its beaks and paws four cards covered with white enamel. It is fixed on his chest shield with the image of St. St. George the Victorious. Size: 50x37 mm. |
Similar to the sign of the Naval Cadet Corps, but at the intersection of the branches there is a blue ribbon with gold letters: "M.E.I.V.N.Ts.K." (Naval Corps of His Imperial Highness the heir to the Tsarevich). |
Approved February 17, 1911 |
TOKENS
Approved in 1882 for the 150th anniversary of the corps. |
Approved August 10, 1893 |
Approved in 1907 for the 100th anniversary of the Noble Regiment, on the basis of which the Konstantinovsky Cadet Corps was opened in 1855. The token is a pentagonal shield of golden color under the imperial crown, on which three shoulder straps are arranged in a fan shape (from left to right): yellow(cadet corps), blue with a yellow border and the letter "K" (Konstantinovsky School) and red with golden edging, black edging and the letter “K” (Konstantinovsky Artillery School). At the ends of the ribbons surrounding the upper corners of the shield there are dates: 1855; 1863. Around shoulder strap The dates are also painted in blue: 1859; 1891; 1894; 1907; 1893". Along the lower edge there is a narrow ribbon on which the surname of the graduate of the corps or school could be written. |
Approved August 10, 1893 |
Approved August 10, 1893 |
Approved on November 15, 1899 for the 50th anniversary of the corps. |
Approved August 10, 1893 |
Approved July 3, 1900 |
Approved August 10, 1893 |
Approved in 1885 for the 50th anniversary of the opening of the building. |
Approved March 11, 1895 |
Approved in 1893 for the 50th anniversary of the opening of the building. |
Approved on December 6, 1890 for the 50th anniversary of the opening of the building. |
Approved October 10, 1892 |
Approved February 24, 1909 |
Approved on May 24, 1906. The token is a golden-colored shield, the upper edge of which is framed by a ribbon of the same color, tied in a bow and connected to a ring. |
Approved on March 10, 1893. The token has the shape of a pentagonal shield, on which provincial coats of arms and coats of arms of the regions of Russia were depicted. The shield is crowned with a vertically placed golden feather 5 and cross-shaped, obliquely placed horsetails with white tails descending to shield . |
Approved May 17, 1897 |
Approved August 10, 1893 |
Approved October 1, 1913 |
Approved on December 4, 1908. The token has the shape of an oval shield suspended on a chain from the count's crown, with a ring for wearing on a button. |
Approved September 19, 1910 |
Approved in 1863 |
It has the shape of an oxidized heraldic shield, framed along the outer edge with a gold edging, under an imperial crown with flowing ribbons, with a ring for wearing on a chain. |
BADGE BADGES SOME MODERN MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The experience of creating breastplates of cadet corps of pre-revolutionary Russia turned out to be very useful in developing the symbols of modern military educational institutions, including newly opened cadet corps.
Let's show this using the example of the badges of the Military Space Peter the Great, the Rocket and Artillery Cadet Corps and the Military Engineering Space Academy named after. A.F. Mozhaisky, created by a talented designer, employee of the Academy. A.F. Mozhaisky L.V. Shemuratov, in which elements of the anniversary (1912) badge of the 2nd Cadet Corps - the historical predecessor of these military educational institutions - were used.
Chest sign Military Engineering Space Academy named after. A.F. Mozhaisky Approved in 1994 |
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Chest sign Military Space Peter the Great Cadet Corps Approved in 1996 |
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Chest sign Rocket and Artillery Cadet Corps The graduation badge of the St. Petersburg Rocket Artillery Cadet Corps (RAKK) was established for students of the cadet corps and honorary cadets. |
BANNERS OF CADET CORPS
The Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering Troops and Signal Corps keeps a number of banners of cadet corps as historical relics. Of particular value is the banner of the Land Gentry Cadet Corps - one of the earliest examples.
The first banners of this corps were granted by Empress Anna Ioannovna in 1732: one white for the first company, two colored and a standard for cavalry company 7. In the center of the panel of each banner was a double-headed eagle with the coat of arms of the corps on the chest; in the corners there were flams (squares) with the monogram of Empress Anna Ioannovna. During the reign of Empresses Elizaveta Petrovna and Ekaterina Alekseevna, only the monograms of the reigning persons were replaced.
The banner of the Land Noble Cadet Corps of 1785 stored in the museum dates back to the reign of Catherine II 8 . It is a panel of white silk rep. In the center of the banner is a black double-headed eagle with outstretched wings, golden crowns on their heads and a large imperial crown above them. The eagle holds a scepter in its paw; the image of the second paw has not survived. On the eagle’s chest is the corps’ coat of arms in the form of a red heraldic shield, framed along the edges by St. Andrew’s chain and stylized golden acanthus leaves. In the center of the shield are crossed gilded swords entwined with acanthus and the rod of Mercury - caduceus 9. At the corners of the panel on red oval shields, surrounded by green laurel branches and a wide golden radiance, the gilded monograms of Empress Catherine II under the crown are depicted. The panel was trimmed on three sides with gilded fringe, which has now been lost. Shaft white. The pommel is missing. Previously, it looked like a bronze spear with a crown on top and the monogram of Catherine II inside the spear. The banner panel measuring 125x130 cm is badly torn and partially lost. In 1995, the museum carried out a historical reconstruction of this banner.
On April 2, 1844, Emperor Nicholas I ordered that all cadet corps have a large red cross. The 2nd Cadet Corps received a new banner on August 11, 1844 10
Previously, by the Highest Decree of July 25, 1838, the 2nd Cadet Corps was awarded anniversary insignia for its banners - the Order of St. Andrew's ribbon and a bracket on the pole, as the oldest military educational institution 11.
The museum contains a fragment, presumably, of this banner 12. It is part of a cross of red silk with a corner insert of yellow silk and white. The insert depicts a golden laurel wreath with the monogram of Nicholas I in the center and the imperial crown above it.
A fragment of the banner is mounted on a staff topped with a copper pommel in the form of a double-headed eagle under a crown. An eagle with a laurel wreath, a scroll and torches in its paws rests on a ball resting on a copper tube decorated with stylized acanthus leaves.
A silver braid with tassels and a commemorative silk ribbon are tied to the pommel tube. On one half of the ribbon, the inscription is embroidered horizontally with gilded threads: “1712 Moscow Engineering School. 1712 Artillery School and 1719 St. Petersburg Engineering School.” In front of the inscription is attached a gilded metal monogram of Peter I. On the wrong side of the ribbon below is attached the monogram of Nicholas I (lost).
On the other half of the ribbon was embroidered the inscription: “2nd Cadet Corps.” On the reverse side at the bottom there was an applied coat of arms of Russia (lost).
The tape is bent in half in the middle and fastened at the bend with a metal rectangular bracket with a ring for the cord. To the bracket, using a cap screw buttons, decorated with the image of a double-headed eagle, a bow is attached, on which the date of the award of the ribbon to the corps is embroidered: “1838”.
The anniversary banner of the 2nd Cadet Corps, model 1857, is also of great historical value. 13 The banner was presented to the corps in 1862 in connection with its 100th anniversary.
The double panel of the banner is made of blue silk wedges forming a cross, between the sides of which there are corner inserts of black and white silk with orange stripes along the seams. In the center of the cloth orange circle depicting the coat of arms of Russia. The circle is framed by a golden laurel wreath, and its top is crowned with a large imperial crown. Below the eagle is a blue ribbon with dates in gold paint: 1762-1862. The gilded monograms of Alexander II are placed in laurel wreaths at the corners of the panel. Banner pole black with a gilded copper pommel in the form of a double-headed eagle resting on a ball.
On the shaft there is a copper bracket with an engraved inscription and a thread. There is a lanyard tied under the cloth. A commemorative St. Andrew's Order ribbon of blue moire is tied to the pommel tube. On one half of the ribbon, the inscription is embroidered horizontally with gilded threads: “1762 Artillery and Engineering Gentry Cadet Corps.” In front of the inscription is attached a gilded metal monogram of Catherine II. The monogram of Alexander II is attached to the bottom side of it.
On the other half of the ribbon is embroidered the inscription: “2nd Cadet Corps.” On the reverse side there is an applied coat of arms of Russia at the bottom. The ribbon is bent in half in the middle and a bow is attached at the bend, on which the date of the award of the ribbon is embroidered: “1862”.
At the ends of the ribbon there are tassels made of gilded gimp.
The lanyard, applied monograms and the coat of arms of Russia from the ribbon have been lost.
In order to preserve the banner (the fabric is discolored and partially lost), in 1994 it was possible to recreate its historical reconstruction.
The last banner that the 2nd Cadet Corps received was the anniversary banner of the 1900 model, awarded to it in 1912 in connection with the 200th anniversary 14. Its panel is made of white silk, double-woven, measuring 110 x 120 cm. On the front side in the center is woven an image of the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands and the inscription: “God is with us.” The edges of the panel are framed by rectangular and square frames decorated with blue geometric patterns. A blue border with ten golden eight-pointed stars completes the composition of the left side of the panel. On its reverse side, in the center, there is the monogram of Nicholas II under the imperial crown, to the right and left of which there is an eight-pointed star. At the corners of the cloth are the coats of arms of Russia. Between them there are ornamented frames. In one of them (under the monogram of Nicholas II) there is a blue moire ribbon with the dates: 1712-1912.
The shaft has a gilded metal pommel in the form of a double-headed eagle resting on a ball and a bracket with an inscription. There is a metal inflow below. A commemorative St. Andrew's ribbon is tied to the top. On one half of it, at the top, an inscription in Old Russian script is embroidered horizontally with gilded threads:
"1712 Moscow Engineering School
1719 St. Petersburg Engineering School
1758 United Artillery and Engineering School
1762 Artillery and engineering gentry cadet corps
1800 2nd Cadet Corps."
In front of the inscription are attached gilded metal imperial monograms of Peter I, Elizabeth Petrovna, Catherine II and Paul I. On the inner side at the bottom is attached the monogram of Nicholas II.
On the other half of the ribbon is embroidered the inscription: “1912, 2nd Cadet Corps of Emperor Peter the Great.” On the reverse side, at the bottom, there is an applied coat of arms of Russia.
All applied monograms and the coat of arms of Russia have been lost.
The tape is bent in half in the middle and fastened at the bend with a metal rectangular bracket with a ring. To the bracket using a cap screw buttons with the image of a double-headed eagle, a bow is attached, on which the date of the award of the ribbon is embroidered: “1912”. Several banners of the Naval Cadet Corps are kept in the funds of the Central Naval Museum.
When studying the history of these banners, the period of the mid and late 19th - early 20th centuries is of greatest interest. It was at this time that anniversary banners appeared. In 1852-1901. The Naval Cadet Corps had a white anniversary banner with a wide St. Andrew's cross. On two of its crosspieces in a golden wreath with an imperial crown, the golden monogram of Nicholas I is depicted, on the other two - the golden coat of arms of the corps of the 1829 model: on the tip of the sword there is an imperial crown (until 1829 - without a crown). In the middle of the banner - in a golden laurel wreath with an imperial crown in an orange circle - is a black double-headed crowned eagle of the 1813 model (with lowered wings) with four nautical charts. Below are the golden jubilee dates: 1752-1852. The top of the banner is a simple Guards model from 1830: a golden double-headed eagle on a ball. The cloth is nailed to the white pole with gilded banner nails. At the lower end of the shaft there is a gilded underflow. Under the finial there are two silver tassels on a silver braid.
Of no less interest is the anniversary banner of the Naval Cadet Corps, approved by the Supreme Decree on May 8, 1900. It existed until 1917 and represented white cloth with a wide St. Andrew's cross. The crosspieces depicted the golden coat of arms of the corps and the monogram of Nicholas II under the imperial crown in a golden laurel wreath.
In the center of the banner in an orange circle in a laurel wreath under the imperial crown is a black crowned double-headed eagle of the 1857 model (with raised wings) with four cards. Below along the edge is a blue ribbon with golden anniversary dates: 1701-1901. The top of the 1857 sample is a golden double-headed eagle on a ball and a commemorative order banner ribbon.
In the Naval Cadet Corps, each company had its own flag. The Central Naval Museum houses St. Andrew's flag company of the Naval Cadet Corps, model 1900. It represents white a panel measuring 113x165 cm, which intersects the St. Andrew's cross.
In the center of the cross is the coat of arms of the Naval Cadet Corps: on a red field there is a golden broadsword, crowned with a golden imperial crown, under which a golden gradstaff and rudder are placed crosswise. Red the color symbolizes courage, bravery and generosity, the broadsword - the idea of fidelity to duty and oath, the rudder and gradstaff - naval attributes.
Andreevsky flag company of the Naval Cadet Corps, model 1900.
The decoration of each banner was the top. The funds of the Central Naval Museum contain the tops of banners from different periods, including one of the first banners of the Naval Gentry Cadet Corps of the 1764 model.
The pommel is bronze and gilded. The monogram of Catherine II, crowned with the imperial crown, is mounted in the slot.
The top of the banner of the Naval Cadet Corps, model 1891, deserves attention. It was approved in connection with the new heraldic reform. The named pommel is bronze, gilded, and has a double-headed eagle crowned with three imperial crowns. On the chest of an eagle sitting on a ball is the coat of arms of Moscow, around the coat of arms is a chain of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.
The banner was presented in 1891 in connection with the Highest command: ""Henceforth to call the naval school the Naval Cadet Corps."
Notes
1 Military Encyclopedia, ed. I. D. Sytima, vol. X. St. Petersburg, 1912, p. 540.
2 Hereinafter, the color of the metal is given according to the approved sample. The terms "golden" and "silver" only mean color.
3 Dimensions are given in millimeters.
4 In the case where the material is not specified, it is not the sign or token that is presented, but their approved designs.
5 Pernach is a symbol of Cossack power.
6 The years of formation of the School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences and the Naval Cadet Corps, stamped on the token, are erroneous.
7 "War story". Paris, 1952, No. I, p. 10.
8 . VIMAIViVS, 2nd source. f., inv. No. 9/558.
9 Gabaev G.S. A brief outline of the development of the pattern of Russian banners and standards in the 19th century, p. 7, 28-29.
10 Ibid., p. 383.
11 Ibid., p. 29-30.
12 VIMAIViVS, 2nd source. f., inv. No. 9/2124.
13 Ibid., inv. No. 9/2610.
14 Ibid., inv. No. 9/2735.
In the Kansk Naval Cadet Corps, great importance is attached to state and cadet symbols. State symbols: flag, coat of arms, anthem of the Russian Federation are used in the educational process in accordance with established requirements.
Symbolism The Kansk Naval Cadet Corps is represented by:
- · Banner of the cadet corps;
- Anthem of the Cadet Corps;
- · Badge "Kansky Naval Cadet Corps";
- · Badge "Cadet Glory" 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree;
- · Cadet formation;
- · Cadet oath;
- · Cadet uniform.
Banner
Kansk Naval Cadet Corps
Description
The banner of the KGBOU “Kan Naval Cadet Corps” (hereinafter referred to as the KMKK Banner) consists of a double-sided panel, a pole, a pommel, and braid with tassels.
On the front and back sides there is a green square framed in gold. Along the perimeter of the square, 10 gold stars are embroidered on a red cloth.
On the front side of the banner of the Cadet Corps, in the center of the square in a gold frame is the coat of arms of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, inside the square there is an inscription in gold letters: at the top - “Kan Marine”, at the bottom - “Cadet Corps”.
On the reverse side of the banner of the Cadet Corps, in the center of the square against a blue background, there are two crossed anchors, golden in color, framed by 15 silver triple rays. Inside the square there is an inscription in gold letters: at the top - “Great Russia”, at the bottom - “and St. Andrew’s flag”.
The cloth of the KMKK Banner is square, with a side of 130 cm, with a reserve for attaching to the pole.
The pole of the KMKK Banner is wooden, round in cross-section, painted dark brown. The shaft diameter is 4 cm, length is 270 cm.
The pommel is metal, golden, in the form of a slotted spear with a relief image of the main figure of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation. The height of the top is 20 cm.
Braid and tassels made of golden braid.
ANTHEM OF THE KANA MARINE CADET CORPS
Music L. Didenko, lyrics. A. Shlyaptseva.
We live in happy times,
What will be recorded in the history of the century.
We will follow the path of our grandfathers,
Reopened to the benefits of man.
We swear by the silk banners
To be worthy and with all this -
Don't forget those famous names
Who stood at the origins of the cadets.
Naval Cadet Corps –
Our pride and honor,
Naval Cadet Corps –
It is intended and is
We will go through the storms of anxiety
And we will achieve the glory we deserve,
Remembering every cadet lesson,
Strongly connected with the honor of the state.
We'll explore the sea routes
And we’ll study the ship’s charter,
To go to sea and in life,
Without harsh bends.
Naval Cadet Corps –
Our pride and honor,
Hope that always lives within us.
Naval Cadet Corps –
It is intended and is
A bright star lit up above us.
Chest sign
"KANA MARINE CADET CORPS"
Description
The “KANA MARINE CADET CORPS” badge is an honorary symbol of the cadet corps, a sign of memory and evidence of the cadet community.
The badge is a wreath of laurel branches under the imperial crown. On the wreath are crossed oxidized anchors and an oxidized double-headed eagle with outstretched wings. On the eagle’s chest lies the coat of arms of the Naval Corps (on a shield covered with red enamel, there are crossed gradstok (an ancient goniometric instrument for measuring the heights of luminaries relative to the visible horizon), a rudder and a broadsword with the hilt down).
At the bottom of the laurel wreath are: on the left – the State Flag of the Russian Federation (made in red, blue and white enamel), on the right – the St. Andrew’s Flag (made in white and blue enamel). Between the flags on blue enamel there is the inscription: “KANA MARINE CADET CORPS” and the date “2000” (year of foundation of the Kansk Naval Cadet Corps).
Size: 43 x 45 mm. Material: cupronickel.
Badge "Cadet Glory"
Cadet badges “Cadet Glory” of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees were established to reward cadets who have achieved significant results in moral self-improvement, who have shown willpower and strength of character, and who have won the respect of their comrades.
Badge "Cadet Glory""III degree (" For willpower") cadets are awarded:
- faithful to the Cadet Oath;
- showing diligence in their studies;
- participating in social, sports, cultural and mass activities of the cadet corps;
- participants and winners of corps olympiads, competitions, festivals, shows;
- junior commanders.
Badge "Cadet Glory""II degree (" For strength of character") cadets are awarded:
- faithful to the Commandments of the Partnership;
- have achieved academic success;
- actively participating in the life of the cadet corps;
- participants and winners of inter-corps Olympiads, competitions, festivals, shows;
- junior commanders who have achieved success.
Badge "Cadet Glory""I degree (" Honor and glory") cadets are awarded:
- faithful to the Commandments of the Fellowship and the requirements of the Code of Honor of the Russian Cadet;
- shock students and excellent students;
- organizers of cadet activities in the corps, active participants in inter-cadet affairs and events;
- participants and winners of regional, all-Russian and international olympiads, competitions, festivals, shows;
- junior commanders with an excellent reputation.
The awarding of the “Cadet Glory” badges of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees is carried out by the director of the cadet corps.
Cadet system - a symbol of cohesion, collectivism, camaraderie. A cadet standing in the ranks draws and increases physical and moral strength at the front and strengthens his spirit. Feeling his friend’s shoulder nearby, the cadet clearly carries out commands not for the sake of fear, but in the name of what is called “distinction” in cadet language.
Cadet oath - a solemn promise to be a true patriot, to continue the glorious traditions of Russian cadets, to hold high the title of Russian cadet. The cadet oath and its acceptance is a symbol of entry into the cadet fraternity, a symbol of receiving a worthy and honorable title - cadet.
Cadet uniform - with its modest beauty and severity, it emphasizes the moral greatness of the military system, symbolizes absolute equality between cadets, places responsibility on the cadet for his behavior in the corps and beyond, and emphasizes involvement in military glory, military brotherhood, and the honor of the uniform. It is not enough to have a cadet uniform. To wear it, you need not only habit, but also skill. A uniform without military bearing is a civilian dressed in uniform.
The cadet corps of Russia had their own patron saint, an icon with whose face was in the House Church. The names of the great Russian warriors, national heroes who brought glory and honor to their Fatherland, who glorified their names with great deeds and canonized saints, were bestowed on the cadet corps, which symbolized the cadets’ desire to be worthy of these names.
The Kansk Naval Cadet Corps has its own Patron Saint. Since December 2001, with the blessing of Archbishop Anthony of Krasnoyarsk and Yenisei, the corps has been named after St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called, the patron saint of Russian military sailors.
Every year on December 13, a corps holiday is celebrated - the Day of the patron saint of the corps, and the Church of St. Andrew the First-Called became a corps temple, all ceremonial events begin with a thanksgiving prayer.
KMKK rituals
Rituals – regularly and equally repeated ceremonies for the most significant events for the cadet corps.
In KMKK rituals include:
· Initiation into cadets. Taking the cadet oath
· Presentation of the Corps Banner
· Carrying out the annual corps holiday
· Conducting a drill review of corps students
· Assignment of special cadet ranks to cadets
· Farewell to graduates with the Banner of the Cadet Corps
Badge of completion of the full course of sciences of the Naval Cadet Corps- approved on April 19, 1910 for all persons who graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps; those naval officers who graduated from the corps when it had a different name also received the right to wear it. In 1914, the corps was given the patronage of the Heir to the Tsarevich, and therefore the appearance of the sign underwent slight changes. The badge was issued until the closure of the Naval School in Petrograd on March 7, 1918.History of the award
Naval Cadet Corps.
Badge of completion of the full course of sciences of the Naval Cadet Corps. Obverse, reverse and twist. The sign is a complex piece of jewelry consisting of many parts: all the leaves of the wreath are made separately and soldered to a common base; the enamel shield, anchors and a double-headed eagle with cards in its paws and beaks are also independent parts.
The Marine Corps was an educational institution that trained naval officers. He was the successor to the School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences established in Moscow in 1701. The Marine Corps changed its name several times: the Marine Corps in 1762-1867 and in 1906-1915; in 1891-1906 - the Naval Cadet Corps, in 1867-1891 and 1915-1918 - the Naval School. On November 6, 1914, the corps was given the patronage of the Heir to the Tsarevich.
The bulk of the cadets were hereditary nobles or children of personal nobles. When recruiting into the corps, preference was given to the sons and grandsons of naval officers. According to the approved states, there were 740 people in the corps. At the beginning of the twentieth century, class restrictions for admission to the Naval Corps were significantly reduced. For example, people whose parents had a higher education began to be allowed to take admission exams, regardless of class. Until 1910, the corps annually graduated 80-90 people, in 1911-1913 - an average of 119, and in 1914, together with accelerated graduation, it produced 260, in 1915 - 173, in 1916 and 1917 - 200 people each.
Since 1906, the corps graduated students as naval midshipmen (1860-1882 - naval midshipman, 1906-1917 - naval midshipman), and they received the first officer rank of midshipman only after practical sailing and passing exams of a special commission. According to their status, naval midshipmen enjoyed the “ordinary rights” (that is, rights with a number of restrictions) of second lieutenants in the Admiralty.
In 1915, after the Naval Corps was renamed the Naval School, its general classes were allocated to the Naval Cadet Corps in Sevastopol (where they were going to open the 2nd Naval Corps even before the war).
The Naval School in Petrograd was closed on March 7, 1918. Senior midshipmen received certificates of completion of the school, senior cadets received certificates of completion of general classes, and everyone was also given certificates of “military sailors of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Fleet.”
On April 19, 1910, a special gold badge was approved for all persons who graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps. Only documents were issued for the right to wear the badge, and the naval officer himself ordered the badge from a jewelry workshop. Therefore, there are signs that differ in elements and methods of execution.
In 1914, the corps was given the patronage of the Heir to the Tsarevich, and therefore the appearance of the sign underwent slight changes.
Statute of the award
Reasons for awarding
The right to wear the badge was given to naval officers who completed a full course of science in the Naval Cadet Corps, including those who graduated from the corps earlier, when it had a different name.
Wearing order
The badge was worn on the jacket on the left side of the chest, below orders and medals.
Description of the award
Appearance of the 1910 badge
A golden wreath of laurel and oak branches under the golden Imperial crown. Superimposed on the wreath are crossed silver oxidized anchors, on which lies the coat of arms of the Naval Corps (on a shield covered with red enamel, there are mounted gold crossed gradstaff, rudder and broadsword with the hilt down, with a gold crown on the tip). Around the coat of arms is a gold ribbon with gold tassels, covered with blue enamel. A gold inscription runs along the ribbon: “Navigation school / 1701 / 1901 / Naval cadet. bldg." Above the coat of arms is a silver oxidized double-headed eagle with outstretched wings, which holds four cards covered in white enamel in its beaks and paws. On the eagle's chest there is a shield with the Moscow coat of arms.
On the reverse side of the sign there was a fastening for wearing on clothing. Depending on the manufacturer, the fastening was different: screw or on a vertical pin.
Size: 50x37 mm.
Appearance of the sign after 1914
The sign is similar to the previous one, but at the intersection of the branches there is a blue ribbon with gold letters “M.E.I.V.N.C.K.” - Marine of His Imperial Highness the Heir to the Tsarevich Corps.
Size: 47x34.
Examples of awards
The following officers had the right to wear the badge of completion of a full course of science in the Naval Cadet Corps.
The symbols of the cadet corps include, first of all, the badges of military educational institutions, tokens issued to each cadet, as well as banners bestowed upon the cadet corps by the reigning persons. Most of these symbols of military history and military glory are genuine works of art of the finest workmanship, material monuments of their time. They told a lot about the military educational institutions of Tsarist Russia and undoubtedly deserve separate scientific research.
Badges and tokens, as honorary symbols of the cadet corps, played an important role in their lives. Small-sized badges were very dear to students, teachers, and officer-educators of these educational institutions, primarily as evidence of the cadets’ community, as signs of memory. They were proudly worn on a uniform or uniform, and the tokens were worn on a chain, on a button on the side of the uniform, or as watch charms.
The creation of breastplates and tokens was treated very responsibly. In each individual case, a competition for sketch projects was announced. The submitted drawings and samples were submitted for the highest approval to the emperors or approval to the ministers of war. Made of silver and gold or inexpensive metal, finished with enamel, they still amaze jewelers today and are the subject of close study by military historians and specialists in the field of phaleristics.
An equally important element of symbolism is the banners of the cadet corps. Since ancient times, the banner has become a shrine - a symbol of a military formation (organization) and its honor. It consists of a double-sided panel of a certain color (or colors), mounted on a shaft with a metal tip-finial, with inscriptions, emblems and decorations. The banners of the cadet corps, first granted in 1732 and 1733 by Empress Anna Ioannovna to the Land Noble Cadet Corps 1, were no exception.
As illustrative material for the above, a description is given of the manufactured and approved designs of badges, badges and banners of the cadet corps, collected by the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering Troops and Signal Corps.
3.1. BADGE BADGES
Approved on March 18, 1902 in memory of the 100th anniversary of the Corps of Pages: one for “officers and class ranks” - teachers and educators; the second is for students who have graduated from the corps. |
Approved on June 12, 1907: one for “officers and class ranks” - teachers and educators; the second is for pupils. |
Approved on December 13, 1911 in memory of the 200th anniversary of the corps. |
Badge of the Alexander Cadet Corps Approved May 1, 1910 |
Approved October 15, 1913 |
Approved November 28, 1909 |
Approved January 15, 1914 |
Approved on January 24, 1914. The badge consists of two crossed bronze unicorns, on which the Arakcheev coat of arms is superimposed (a shield topped with a count's crown is divided into three fields: on top there is a double-headed eagle on a gold background, on the left on a blue background there is a white bow, on the right there is a cannon on a red background with a bronze barrel. At the bottom there is a ribbon with the inscription: “Betrayed without flattery.” To the left and right of the shield are soldiers on guard). Under the unicorns there is a red ribbon with black edging (to match the color of the shoulder straps). On the left on the ribbon is the monogram of Nicholas I, on the right is Nicholas II, below is the inscription: “March 15, 1834.” (date of foundation of the building). |
Approved May 6, 1913 |
Approved November 5, 1913 |
Approved on February 28, 1918 in memory of the 100th anniversary of the corps. |
It is a bas-relief of A.V. Suvorov, framed by a gold wreath of oak and laurel leaves, superimposed on two silver crossed field marshal's batons. |
Anniversary badge for regular ranks and cadets of the three senior companies of the Naval Cadet Corps Approved on March 20, 1900 in memory of the 200th anniversary of the educational institution (January 14, 1901) |
Approved on April 19, 1910. The badge represents a golden wreath of laurel and oak branches under the imperial crown. On the wreath are crossed silver oxidized anchors, on which lies the coat of arms of the Naval Corps (on a shield covered with red enamel, there are gold crossed gradstaff, rudder and broadsword with the hilt down with a gold crown on the tip). Around the coat of arms is a gold ribbon with gold tassels, covered with blue enamel. On the tape on the left and right are the inscriptions: “Navigation School”; "Naval Cad. Cor.", top date: 1701; 1901. Above the coat of arms is a silver oxidized double-headed eagle with outstretched wings, which holds in its beaks and paws four cards covered with white enamel. On his chest is a shield with the image of St. St. George the Victorious. Size: 50x37 mm. |
Similar to the sign of the Naval Cadet Corps, but at the intersection of the branches there is a blue ribbon with gold letters: "M.E.I.V.N.Ts.K." (Naval Corps of His Imperial Highness the heir to the Tsarevich). |
Badge of Pedagogical Courses for preparing officers for educational and teaching activities in cadet corps with the rank of educator Approved February 17, 1911 |
3.2. TOKENS
Approved in 1882 for the 150th anniversary of the corps. |
Approved August 10, 1893 |
Approved in 1907 for the 100th anniversary of the Noble Regiment, on the basis of which the Konstantinovsky Cadet Corps was opened in 1855. The badge is a pentagonal shield of golden color under the imperial crown, on which three shoulder straps are arranged in a fan shape (from left to right): yellow (of the cadet corps), blue with yellow edging and the letter “K” (Konstantinovsky School) and red with golden edging, black edging and letter "K" (Konstantinovsky Artillery School). At the ends of the ribbons surrounding the upper corners of the shield there are dates: 1855; 1863. Dates are also written around the shoulder straps in blue paint: 1859; 1891; 1894; 1907; 1893". Along the lower edge there is a narrow ribbon on which the surname of the graduate of the corps or school could be written. |
Approved August 10, 1893 |
Approved August 10, 1893 |
Approved on November 15, 1899 for the 50th anniversary of the corps. |
Approved August 10, 1893 |
Approved July 3, 1900 |
Approved August 10, 1893 |
Approved in 1885 for the 50th anniversary of the opening of the building. |
Badge of the Mikhailovsky Voronezh Cadet Corps Approved March 11, 1895 |
Badge of Orlovsky Bakhtin cadet corps Approved in 1893 for the 50th anniversary of the opening of the building. |
Approved on December 6, 1890 for the 50th anniversary of the opening of the building. |
Approved October 10, 1892 |
Approved February 24, 1909 |
Approved on May 24, 1906. The token is a golden-colored shield, the upper edge of which is framed by a ribbon of the same color, tied in a bow and connected to a ring. |
Approved on March 10, 1893. The token has the shape of a pentagonal shield, on which provincial coats of arms and coats of arms of the regions of Russia were depicted. The shield is crowned with a vertically placed golden feather 5 and cross-shaped, obliquely placed horsetails with white tails descending onto the shield. |
Approved May 17, 1897 |
Approved August 10, 1893 |
Approved October 1, 1913 |
Approved on December 4, 1908. The token has the shape of an oval shield suspended on a chain from the count's crown, with a ring for wearing on a button. |
Approved September 19, 1910 |
Approved in 1863 |
It has the shape of an oxidized heraldic shield, framed along the outer edge with a gold edging, under an imperial crown with flowing ribbons, with a ring for wearing on a chain. |
3.3. BADGES OF SOME MODERN MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The experience of creating breastplates of cadet corps of pre-revolutionary Russia turned out to be very useful in developing the symbols of modern military educational institutions, including newly opened cadet corps.
Let's show this using the example of the badges of the Military Space Peter the Great, the Rocket and Artillery Cadet Corps and the Military Engineering Space Academy named after. A.F. Mozhaisky, created by a talented designer, employee of the Academy. A.F. Mozhaisky L.V. Shemuratov, in which elements of the anniversary (1912) badge of the 2nd Cadet Corps - the historical predecessor of these military educational institutions - were used.
Badge of the Military Engineering Space Academy named after. A.F. Mozhaisky Approved in 1994 |
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Approved in 1996 |
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The graduation badge of the St. Petersburg Rocket Artillery Cadet Corps (RAKK) was established for students of the cadet corps and honorary cadets. |
3.4. BANNERS OF CADET CORPS
The Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering Troops and Signal Corps keeps a number of banners of cadet corps as historical relics. Of particular value is the banner of the Land Gentry Cadet Corps - one of the earliest examples.
The first banners for this corps were granted by Empress Anna Ioannovna in 1732: one white for the first company, two colored and a standard for the cavalry company 7. In the center of the panel of each banner was a double-headed eagle with the coat of arms of the corps on the chest; in the corners there were flams (squares) with the monogram of Empress Anna Ioannovna. During the reign of Empresses Elizaveta Petrovna and Ekaterina Alekseevna, only the monograms of the reigning persons were replaced.
The banner of the Land Noble Cadet Corps of 1785 stored in the museum dates back to the reign of Catherine II 8 . It is a panel of white silk rep. In the center of the banner is a black double-headed eagle with outstretched wings, golden crowns on their heads and a large imperial crown above them. The eagle holds a scepter in its paw; the image of the second paw has not survived. On the eagle’s chest is the corps’ coat of arms in the form of a red heraldic shield, framed along the edges by St. Andrew’s chain and stylized golden acanthus leaves. In the center of the shield are crossed gilded swords entwined with acanthus and the rod of Mercury - caduceus 9. At the corners of the panel on red oval shields, surrounded by green laurel branches and a wide golden radiance, the gilded monograms of Empress Catherine II under the crown are depicted. The panel was trimmed on three sides with gilded fringe, which has now been lost. The shaft is white. The pommel is missing. Previously, it looked like a bronze spear with a crown on top and the monogram of Catherine II inside the spear. The banner panel measuring 125x130 cm is badly torn and partially lost. In 1995, the museum carried out a historical reconstruction of this banner.
On April 2, 1844, Emperor Nicholas I ordered that all cadet corps have a large red cross on their banners. The 2nd Cadet Corps received a new banner on August 11, 1844 10
Previously, by the Highest Decree of July 25, 1838, the 2nd Cadet Corps was awarded anniversary insignia for its banners - the Order of St. Andrew's ribbon and a bracket on the pole, as the oldest military educational institution 11.
The museum contains a fragment, presumably, of this banner 12. It is part of a cross of red silk with a corner insert of yellow silk and white. The insert depicts a golden laurel wreath with the monogram of Nicholas I in the center and the imperial crown above it.
A fragment of the banner is mounted on a staff topped with a copper pommel in the form of a double-headed eagle under a crown. An eagle with a laurel wreath, a scroll and torches in its paws rests on a ball resting on a copper tube decorated with stylized acanthus leaves.
A silver braid with tassels and a commemorative silk ribbon are tied to the pommel tube. On one half of the ribbon, the inscription is embroidered horizontally with gilded threads: “1712 Moscow Engineering School. 1712 Artillery School and 1719 St. Petersburg Engineering School.” In front of the inscription is attached a gilded metal monogram of Peter I. On the wrong side of the ribbon below is attached the monogram of Nicholas I (lost).
On the other half of the ribbon was embroidered the inscription: “2nd Cadet Corps.” On the reverse side at the bottom there was an applied coat of arms of Russia (lost).
The tape is bent in half in the middle and fastened at the bend with a metal rectangular bracket with a ring for the cord. A bow is attached to the bracket using a screw with a head in the form of a button, decorated with the image of a double-headed eagle, on which the date of award of the ribbon to the corps is embroidered: “1838”.
The anniversary banner of the 2nd Cadet Corps, model 1857, is also of great historical value. 13 The banner was presented to the corps in 1862 in connection with its 100th anniversary.
The double panel of the banner is made of blue silk wedges forming a cross, between the sides of which there are corner inserts of black and white silk with orange stripes along the seams. In the center of the cloth there is an orange circle depicting the coat of arms of Russia. The circle is framed by a golden laurel wreath, and its top is crowned with a large imperial crown. Below the eagle is a blue ribbon with dates in gold paint: 1762-1862. The gilded monograms of Alexander II are placed in laurel wreaths at the corners of the panel. The flagpole is black with a gilded copper pommel in the form of a double-headed eagle resting on a ball.
On the shaft there is a copper bracket with an engraved inscription and a thread. There is a lanyard tied under the cloth. A commemorative St. Andrew's Order ribbon of blue moire is tied to the pommel tube. On one half of the ribbon, the inscription is embroidered horizontally with gilded threads: “1762 Artillery and Engineering Gentry Cadet Corps.” In front of the inscription is attached a gilded metal monogram of Catherine II. The monogram of Alexander II is attached to the bottom side of it.
On the other half of the ribbon is embroidered the inscription: “2nd Cadet Corps.” On the reverse side there is an applied coat of arms of Russia at the bottom. The ribbon is bent in half in the middle and a bow is attached at the bend, on which the date of the award of the ribbon is embroidered: “1862”.
At the ends of the ribbon there are tassels made of gilded gimp.
The lanyard, applied monograms and the coat of arms of Russia from the ribbon have been lost.
In order to preserve the banner (the fabric is discolored and partially lost), in 1994 it was possible to recreate its historical reconstruction.
The last banner that the 2nd Cadet Corps received was the anniversary banner of the 1900 model, awarded to it in 1912 in connection with the 200th anniversary 14. Its panel is made of white silk, double-woven, measuring 110 x 120 cm. On the front side in the center is woven an image of the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands and the inscription: “God is with us.” The edges of the panel are framed by rectangular and square frames decorated with blue geometric patterns. A blue border with ten golden eight-pointed stars completes the composition of the left side of the panel. On its reverse side, in the center, there is the monogram of Nicholas II under the imperial crown, to the right and left of which there is an eight-pointed star. At the corners of the cloth are the coats of arms of Russia. Between them there are ornamented frames. In one of them (under the monogram of Nicholas II) there is a blue moire ribbon with the dates: 1712-1912.
The shaft has a gilded metal pommel in the form of a double-headed eagle resting on a ball and a bracket with an inscription. There is a metal inflow below. A commemorative St. Andrew's ribbon is tied to the top. On one half of it, at the top, an inscription in Old Russian script is embroidered horizontally with gilded threads:
"1712 Moscow Engineering School
1719 St. Petersburg Engineering School
1758 United Artillery and Engineering School
1762 Artillery and engineering gentry cadet corps
1800 2nd Cadet Corps."
In front of the inscription are attached gilded metal imperial monograms of Peter I, Elizabeth Petrovna, Catherine II and Paul I. On the inner side at the bottom is attached the monogram of Nicholas II.
On the other half of the ribbon is embroidered the inscription: “1912, 2nd Cadet Corps of Emperor Peter the Great.” On the reverse side, at the bottom, there is an applied coat of arms of Russia.
All applied monograms and the coat of arms of Russia have been lost.
The tape is bent in half in the middle and fastened at the bend with a metal rectangular bracket with a ring. A bow is attached to the bracket using a screw with a head in the form of a button with the image of a double-headed eagle, on which the date of the award of the ribbon is embroidered: “1912”. Several banners of the Naval Cadet Corps are kept in the funds of the Central Naval Museum.
When studying the history of these banners, the period of the mid and late 19th - early 20th centuries is of greatest interest. It was at this time that anniversary banners appeared. In 1852-1901. The Naval Cadet Corps had a white anniversary banner with a wide St. Andrew's cross. On two of its crosspieces in a golden wreath with an imperial crown, the golden monogram of Nicholas I is depicted, on the other two - the golden coat of arms of the corps of the 1829 model: on the tip of the sword there is an imperial crown (until 1829 - without a crown). In the middle of the banner - in a golden laurel wreath with an imperial crown in an orange circle - is a black double-headed crowned eagle of the 1813 model (with lowered wings) with four nautical charts. Below are the golden jubilee dates: 1752-1852. The top of the banner is a simple Guards model from 1830: a golden double-headed eagle on a ball. The cloth is nailed to the white pole with gilded banner nails. At the lower end of the shaft there is a gilded underflow. Under the finial there are two silver tassels on a silver braid.
Of no less interest is the anniversary banner of the Naval Cadet Corps, approved by the Imperial Decree on May 8, 1900. It existed until 1917 and represented a white banner with a wide St. Andrew’s cross. The crosspieces depicted the golden coat of arms of the corps and the monogram of Nicholas II under the imperial crown in a golden laurel wreath.
In the center of the banner in an orange circle in a laurel wreath under the imperial crown is a black crowned double-headed eagle of the 1857 model (with raised wings) with four cards. Below along the edge there is a blue ribbon with gold anniversary dates: 1701 - 1901. The top of the 1857 sample is a gold double-headed eagle on a ball and an anniversary order banner ribbon.
In the Naval Cadet Corps, each company had its own flag. The Central Naval Museum houses the St. Andrew's flag of the company of the Naval Cadet Corps, model 1900. It is a white cloth measuring 113x165 cm, which is crossed by the St. Andrew's cross.
In the center of the cross is the coat of arms of the Naval Cadet Corps: on a red field there is a golden broadsword, crowned with a golden imperial crown, under which a golden gradstaff and rudder are placed crosswise. The red color symbolizes courage, bravery and generosity, the broadsword - the idea of fidelity to duty and oath, the rudder and gradstaff - naval attributes.
St. Andrew's flag of the company of the Naval Cadet Corps, model 1900.
The decoration of each banner was the top. The funds of the Central Naval Museum contain the tops of banners from different periods, including one of the first banners of the Naval Gentry Cadet Corps of the 1764 model.
The pommel is bronze and gilded. The monogram of Catherine II, crowned with the imperial crown, is mounted in the slot.
The top of the banner of the Naval Cadet Corps, model 1891, deserves attention. It was approved in connection with the new heraldic reform. The named pommel is bronze, gilded, and has a double-headed eagle crowned with three imperial crowns. On the chest of an eagle sitting on a ball is the coat of arms of Moscow, around the coat of arms is a chain of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.
The banner was presented in 1891 in connection with the Highest command: ""Henceforth to call the naval school the Naval Cadet Corps."
Notes
1 Military Encyclopedia, ed. I. D. Sytima, vol. X. St. Petersburg, 1912, p. 540.
2 Hereinafter, the color of the metal is given according to the approved sample. The terms "golden" and "silver" only mean color.
3 Dimensions are given in millimeters.
4 In the case where the material is not specified, it is not the sign or token that is presented, but their approved designs.
5 Pernach is a symbol of Cossack power.
6 The years of formation of the School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences and the Naval Cadet Corps, stamped on the token, are erroneous.
7 "War story". Paris, 1952, No. I, p. 10.
8 . VIMAIViVS, 2nd source. f., inv. No. 9/558.
9 Gabaev G.S. A brief outline of the development of the pattern of Russian banners and standards in the 19th century, p. 7, 28-29.
10 Ibid., p. 383.
11 Ibid., p. 29-30.
12 VIMAIViVS, 2nd source. f., inv. No. 9/2124.
13 Ibid., inv. No. 9/2610.
14 Ibid., inv. No. 9/2735.
In September 1999, the recreated Omsk Cadet Corps accepted the first two companies of students. The first release of the case was planned for 2002.
Around 2001, the question of the corps graduation badge first came up. To develop it, a working group was created, which included: L.A. Korneeva (head of the OKC Museum) and V.B. Pronkin (head of the HR OKC department), led the group - deputy head of the corps S.M. Turyanchik.
CM. Turyanchik V.B. Pronkin L.A. Korneeva
When creating the modern phaleronym, elements of the breastplate of the 1st Siberian Emperor Alexander were taken as a basisICadet Corps (highly approved on February 28, 1913).
Badge from 1913. 2002 sign.
The imperial cypher of Alexander is placed in the center of the star.Ias the founder of this military educational institution. At the top of the sign there is a double-headed crowned eagle - the coat of arms of Russia. On the sides of the monogram are historical coats of arms: Siberia (it is emphasized that the Omsk Cadet Corps is the oldest on the territory of the Siberian land) and the city of Omsk (the location of the educational institution). The name and year of foundation of the building are located on the ribbons.The sign is made of tombac and nickel silver, using hot enamels. Fastening - screw. The sign was verbally approved by the Ministry of Defense.
In 2002, the first award of badges to graduates of the corps took place.
Badge No. 1 was awarded to the Governor of the Omsk Region L.K. Polezhaev.
Badge No. 2 was awarded to the Chairman of the Security Committee of the Omsk Region Administration A.A. Kasyanov.
Badge No. 3 was awarded to the mayor of Omsk E.I. Belov.
L. K. Polezhaev. A.A. Kasyanov. E.I. Belov.
There are known signs made by the following companies: “Eagle and K” and “Omsk Medal Yard”: