Kantsyreev Alexander Alexandrovich. BDK "Tomsk Komsomolets" BDK "Tomsk Komsomolets"

20.05.2005 00:00

Ships, like people, each have their own destiny. Born for glory, warships suffer most painfully not from the wounds they receive, but from the betrayal of people, from oblivion. The fate of the large landing ship “Voronezh Komsomolets” is proof of this. 40 years ago, on December 5, 1965, Deputy Commander of the twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet, Vice Admiral V.V. Mikhailin, presented the commander with just...

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Ships, like people, each have their own destiny. And it is most often determined not by circumstances, but by people. Born for glory, warships suffer most painfully not from the wounds they receive, but from the betrayal of people, from oblivion. The fate of the large landing ship “Voronezh Komsomolets” is proof of this.

Photo by Yuri Lisovsky.

Forty years ago, on December 5, 1965, Deputy Commander of the twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet, Vice Admiral V.V. Mikhailin, handed over to the commander of the large landing ship (LHD) that had just passed the state test, Lieutenant Commander I.G. Makhonin (currently Admiral of the Navy Russia) Naval flag of the USSR. Solemnly rising on the ship's flagpole, he announced the birth of the Voronezh Komsomolets - the first ship of this class in the Soviet Navy. The creation of the lead BDK was awarded a State Prize, the laureate of which was the chief designer I. Kuzmin and his colleagues.

Built at the Kaliningrad Shipyard with funds earned by Voronezh youth on community clean-ups, the Voronezhsky Komsomolets BDK was the first domestic ship capable of carrying out combat missions in the ocean zone. He could come close to the unequipped coast and land up to 50 units of military equipment and a battalion of marines on the shore.

Fourteen ships of the Voronezh Komsomolets class were built for all four naval fleets. The government and the leadership of the Ministry of Defense showed great interest in the new strategic weapon. In 1966, Marshal of the Soviet Union A. Grechko, Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Admiral S. Gorshkov, and Commander of the Baltic Fleet Admiral A. Orel visited the Voronezh Komsomolets.

In the same year, the patronage of the Voronezh region over its “Komsomol paratrooper” was born. Then the ship met the first delegation of its Voronezh bosses - Colonel A.I. Kuznetsov, workers of the regional committees of the CPSU and Komsomol Yu. Ereminsky and E. Akhshov. Since then, the Voronezh region has annually provided humanitarian and material assistance to its sponsored ship, and the ship’s crew has been replenished with 8-10 Voronezh recruits with each call-up.

One of the combat units of the ship was also commanded by a naval officer from Liski, Yuri Lisovsky, who would later become one of the discoverers of the Ikoretsk shipyard. For many generations of Voronezh residents, service on the Voronezh Komsomolets became a good school of combat training, and the ship’s motto: “Decisively and boldly!”, inscribed on its pennant, became their everyday life motto. And the very fact of patronage of the Voronezh region - the cradle of the Russian fleet - over a warship with a native word in its name seemed to confirm the inviolability of the ties and traditions that originated in Peter the Great's shipyards. Connections between the Voronezh land and the Black Sea Fleet.

“Voronezh Komsomolets” served his homeland courageously and honestly. From 1967 to 1980, the ship went to the Mediterranean and Atlantic seventeen times to carry out combat missions. Its name also became famous in Port Said during the Arab-Israeli conflict: the ship provided international assistance to the armed forces of Egypt and Syria in repelling Israeli aggression. In 1993, at the request of the Georgian government, Voronezh Komsomolets carried out a mission of mercy, evacuating more than 15 thousand civilians from the epicenter of the civil war in Abkhazia. And everywhere with the ship was the banner of the Voronezh Komsomol members, presented to him by the Comintern Republic of Komsomol.

For twenty-five years he bore his name “Voronezh Komsomolets” with honor. The years of perestroika hung like a black shadow over its decks: the country, in a fussy haste (and mostly unilaterally), reduced strategic weapons and sent its best ships “under the knife.” By mid-2004, out of fourteen Voronezh Komsomolets class large landing craft, only four remained in the Russian Navy. Some were cut into scrap metal and melted into “needles.” Others, like the large landing ship “Ilya Azarov”, “donated” it to the Ukrainian Navy, where it was renamed “Rivno” and a “yellow-blakite” flag was raised on the flagpole. The large landing craft "Krasnaya Presnya" sank in the North Sea while being towed to India for cutting into scrap metal.

The “Komsomol” names were bashfully torn off from the sides of the surviving “paratroopers” and the side numbers were hastily affixed - this is how the new Russia renounced its former power in favor of the political situation. “Voronezh Komsomolets” did not escape humiliation either. In 1991, it was mothballed and humbly awaited its fate in the port of Odessa. Two and a half years of mooring at the berth of a foreign port brought the ship below the waterline: the crew was reduced to a minimum, replacing the entire staff - officers and midshipmen. The “hulks of independent Ukraine” simply stole the ship’s property, and not a single case of theft submitted to the Ukrainian prosecutor’s office was accepted for investigation.

But the worst thing for the crew of the Voronezh Komsomol member was the betrayal of the Voronezh residents themselves, who “forgot” about their sponsor. The last visit of Voronezh residents to the ship was on the eve of Navy Day. Black Sea residents remember him with special warmth. “The countrymen then brought, in addition to humanitarian aid, video equipment and other property,” recalls Yu. Lisovsky. “There was a folklore ensemble and parents of Voronezh sailors with them. It was a real holiday." And already in 1996..."

In vain, before Fleet Day, the sailors, standing on the upper deck, looked with hope at the road to the pier. Buses with guests, trucks and vans with Kuban, Kursk, Belgorod, Rostov license plates drove up to other ships. There were no Voronezh people among them. And the sailors waited. “Who knows, the Voronezh people will definitely come,” the Black Sea residents encouraged each other. In vain... On the eve of the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the Navy, his cradle - Voronezh - drowned his conscience in the pre-holiday bustle.

And in vain the crew sent the deputy commander of the ship, captain of the third rank, Grigory Kravchuk, to Voronezh with the hope of restoring the interrupted patronage - regional administration officials remained silent. And the Voronezh Komsomolets, ashamed of its rusty sides that had not been painted for six years, was still in no hurry to rip off the letters of its proud name from them. But he was forced to do this, having hastily put hull number 150 in place of the former name. So, in the year of its 33rd anniversary, the warship remained nameless, like a prisoner of someone’s conscience, with a serial number instead of a name on its chest. And for a long time, through the fresh ball paint, the letters of its former name appeared on the sides. As a silent reproach to all Voronezh residents.

In those dark days, on the abandoned BDK, Lieutenant Commander Yu. Lisovsky wrote to the Voronezh “Young Communard”: “Our ship now has no name, and in official reports it is referred to as BDK-65. At one time Voronezh residents served on it, but today... It’s a shame to realize that the “tops” abandoned us. We are actually dying. And it’s scary that today’s leaders give us this opportunity to die. Quietly, silently, without shouting. And we don't give up. We go out to sea and prove that it’s too early to write us off and let our ships go to waste.”

...The BDK with tail number 150 survived all the deaths out of spite. But he remained nameless until a Saratov delegation led by Governor Ayatskov attended one of the exercises with his participation. During those exercises, the former “Voronezh Komsomolets” shot accurately and landed troops with desperate daring. “Who are your bosses?” – an impressed Ayatskov asked the crew of the “paratrooper”. And he himself responded to his bashful silence: “Saratov residents are now your bosses.” So the former “Voronezh Komsomolets” acquired a new name - “Saratov”.

...And the Liskinsky district, as if apologizing for the entire region, at the turn of the 90s, took under its sponsorship the same BDK, which was suffering from oblivion, but had not lost its name - “Orsk”.

The issue of supplies to Russia of two Mistral amphibious helicopter carriers has resulted in interest in domestic developments in this area. At present, we can say with almost 100% probability that France will not transfer the already built Mistrals to Russia. Under these conditions, the Nevsky Design Bureau (PKB) created a design for a landing ship that could become an alternative to French ships. In particular, at the stand of the Main Command of the Russian Navy, as part of the Army-2015 forum held in the country, a new universal landing ship of the Priboy project, developed by specialists from the Nevsky Design Bureau, was presented in the form of a model.

This ship has a displacement of about 14 thousand tons with a draft of 5 meters and is able to carry on board up to 8 Ka-52K and Ka-27(29) helicopters. The landing ship will be able to reach speeds of up to 20 knots, its cruising range will be 6 thousand miles, and its endurance will be 60 days. The length of the ship will be 165 meters, width - 25 meters. The universal landing ship of the Priboy project will be able to transport on board up to 40-60 units of various equipment and up to 500 paratroopers. The UDC will be able to take on board four Project 11770M landing boats or two Project 12061M boats. At the same time, its air defense will be built on the basis of the Pantsir-M sea-based air defense system.

Construction of the first ship of the series is planned to begin in 2016, RIA “” reports, citing its source. At the same time, information previously appeared that the Russian fleet will receive a new landing ship of a new generation by 2020. Vladimir Tryapichnikov, head of the shipbuilding department of the Russian Navy, spoke about this in June 2015. According to him, the new ship will be many times greater in displacement than the BDK Ivan Gren (displacement of about 5 thousand tons), apparently, Tryapichnikov was talking then about the UDC of the Priboy project. Presumably, 4 ships of this type will be built for the needs of the Russian Navy.

Model of UDC "Priboi".

It is worth noting that the UDC of the Priboi project fits perfectly into the appearance of a modern landing craft. In terms of its main characteristics, it will approximately correspond to the main parameters of the Dutch universal landing ships of the Rotterdam or Johan de Witt type, which were chosen as samples. These warships also have a displacement of 14-16 thousand tons, are capable of transporting up to 500-600 marines and carry on board 6 helicopters and the necessary set of floating landing craft.

However, the ship of the Priboy project is the future of the Russian fleet; this project has only reached the mock-up stage and it may take quite a long time before it is built and put into service. Below we will look at the large landing ships that the Russian Navy actually has or will very soon have (the Ivan Gren BDK should be accepted by the end of 2015).

BDK Project 1171 "Tapir"

The large landing ship (LHD) of the ocean zone of Project 1171 (code “Tapir”, according to the NATO codification “Alligator”) is designed for landing amphibious assault forces with military equipment on an unequipped coast with a low bottom slope, as well as transporting cargo and troops by sea. The ship is able to land landing units directly on the shore, and can launch floating equipment into the water. The lead ship of this project, “Voronezh Komsomolets,” was laid down on February 5, 1964 at the slipway of the Baltic shipyard No. 820 “Yantar” in Kaliningrad. The ship was launched on July 1, 1964. For all its shortcomings, it was the first large landing craft in the Soviet Union that could, with an expeditionary marine battalion on board, serve for some time in remote areas of the world's oceans. Over the ten years from 1964 to 1974, 14 ships of this project were built in the USSR, which were produced in four different versions. For almost 20 years, Project 1171 ships formed the basis of the USSR's strategic landing forces.

The ship had a total displacement of 4650 tons, draft was 4.5 meters, length - 113.1 meters, width - 15.6 meters. The full speed of the BDK of the Tapir project was 16.5 knots. The cruising range was 4.8 thousand miles (approximately 8.9 thousand kilometers). The autonomy of a large landing ship in terms of supplies of provisions and fuel (without replenishing them during the voyage) for the first ships of the series was 10 days, for subsequent ships - 20 days.

The ship's disembarkation device includes a bow gate with a ramp, as well as a folding sealed lapport located at the stern. Equipment can be loaded onto a ship under its own power through the stern or bow landing device. To load cargo on the upper deck or through hatches in the tweendeck, the ship has special cranes. Landing from a ship can be carried out afloat, and non-floating equipment is landed directly on the coast, while the minimum bottom slope should be 2-3 degrees (depending on the mass of cargo taken on board the ship). Among other things, the Project 1171 BDK could be used for transporting ammunition, as well as for transporting missiles in containers.

The ship's power plant is diesel, consisting of two power units with a capacity of 4.5 thousand horsepower each (engine models differed depending on the modification of the ship). The armament could also be different and consisted of a twin 57-mm ZIF-31B universal naval artillery mount and two twin 25-mm 2M-3 guns. Also on the ship were mounted two installations of the Grad-M multiple launch rocket system, intended to support the landing force. For air defense, Strela-3 MANPADS were to be used.

The Project 1171 BDK could take on board up to 20 main battle tanks, about 45 armored personnel carriers, or 50 trucks and from 300 to 400 landing troops. The landing party members were housed in two cockpits under the first and fourth tween decks. In addition, the ship could be used to transport goods, taking on board up to 1000 tons of various cargo. In the bow of the ship there was a compartment for armored vehicles, and there was also a ramp closed by a sliding gate. A folding lapport was equipped at the stern of the ship for loading and unloading operations. The ship's crew consisted of 69 people, including 5 officers (Crew of 83 people, including 7 officers and 11 midshipmen for the large landing ship "Nikolai Vilkov", Pacific Fleet, 1990s). According to information from open sources, the Russian Navy currently operates 4 Project 1171 landing craft: 3 ships in the Black Sea Fleet and one ship in the Pacific Fleet.

BDK project 1174 "Rhinoceros"

The BDK of the ocean zone of Project 1174 (code “Rhinoceros”, according to the NATO codification Ivan Rogov) was intended for transporting and landing landing forces and military equipment on both equipped and unequipped coasts with a low bottom slope. The ship is able to land troops directly on the coast, floating equipment - on the water, non-floating military equipment - using special landing craft, and landing personnel with portable equipment can also land on the shore by helicopter.

In the process of designing the ship, at the direction of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the Soviet Union S.G. Gorshkov, changes were made to the project, which ultimately led to the creation of a very original universal landing ship with a relatively small displacement. As a result of changes to the project, a docking chamber appeared on the ship, and the composition of the air group stationed on board was increased. Changes to the project during the course of work were made under the impression of the US Navy's ongoing program for the construction of the Tarawa-class UDC. In the course of all the improvements, the accessibility of the shores for the Project 1174 landing craft became: for the bow gangway - 17%, for landing boats - more than 40%, for helicopters - 100%.

Ships of this project were built in the USSR from 1973 to 1988, a total of three such ships were built. The ships were laid down and built in Kaliningrad at the Baltic shipyard No. 820 "Yantar". Due to constant changes in the design, the lead ship of the Ivan Rogov series was ready only in 1978, 14 years after the technical specifications for its design were issued. In total, three such vessels were built in Kaliningrad: “Ivan Rogov” (1978), “Alexander Nikolaev” (1982) and “Mtrofan Moskalenko” (1990). The first ship was decommissioned from the fleet in 1996. The other two were placed in reserve in 1997 and 2002, respectively. After the Mistrals, information appeared in the press about the study of the issue of restoring the ships and returning them to the Russian Navy.

The length of the ship of Project 1174 code "Rhino" was 157.5 meters, width - 23.8 meters, draft - 5 meters. The ship's total displacement was 14,060 tons. Full speed - 21 knots, cruising range at a speed of 18 knots and a normal fuel reserve of 4 thousand miles, with a maximum fuel reserve of 7,500 miles. The ship's power plant was gas turbine and included two power units with a capacity of 18 thousand hp each. every. The autonomy of navigation in terms of provisions was 15 days when there were 500 paratroopers on board or 30 days when there were 250 troops on board. The ship's crew consisted of 239 people, including 37 officers. To receive liquid and solid cargo at sea, the ship was equipped with special systems.

The ships' armament varied depending on the modification and consisted of an AK-726 76.2 mm artillery mount, two AK-630 6x30 mm artillery mounts, two Grad-M multiple launch rocket system installations, and one Osa-M air defense system. (ammunition 20 missiles) and four Strela-3 MANPADS. Up to 4 Ka-29 transport and combat helicopters could be based on board the ship.

In the tank hold of the BDK and the docking chamber, in the absence of floating equipment in it, it was possible to load up to 50 PT-76 tanks, 80 armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, or up to 120 vehicles. In this case, the equipment could be loaded on board in various combinations. Also on board it was possible to accommodate up to 500 landing troops in several cockpits and four-berth officer cabins, or to accommodate 1,700 tons of various cargo. To unload non-floating military equipment onto the shore, up to 6 landing craft of Project 1785 or Project 1176 could be received in the docking chamber of the ship. Or three landing hovercraft of Project 1206 or air-cavity landing craft of Project 11770 “Serna”.

BDK project 775

The Project 775 BDK for the needs of the Soviet fleet was built in Poland at the Stocznia Polnocna shipyard in the city of Gdansk. The ships were built from 1974 to 1991; a total of 28 ships of this project were built here in three different modifications. Initially they were classified as medium landing ships (SDK), but in 1977 they were reclassified as BDK. Currently, ships of this project are the most massive landing craft in the Russian fleet, forming the basis of the Russian landing fleet. There are 15 ships of this type remaining in service, and taking into account the Ukrainian BDK Konstantin Olshansky captured by Russian military personnel in 2014, there are 16.

Landing ships of Project 775 were created to replace the large landing ship of Project 1171. The new ship was supposed to receive more powerful weapons and improved survivability, unlike Project 1171, which was made on the basis of a dry cargo ship. Project 775 ships were initially designed as vessels specifically designed for landing operations. They were supposed to take an intermediate position between the Rhinos and KFOR. Project 775 BDKs have a length of 112.5 meters, a width of 15 meters, a draft of 4.26 meters, and the total displacement of the ship is 4,400 tons. Full speed is 17.6 knots, cruising range is up to 4 thousand miles (about 7.4 thousand kilometers), navigation autonomy is up to 30 days. Two Zgoda-Sulzer diesel engines were used as the power plant, developing a power of 9.6 thousand hp each. every.

The armament of ships of this project varied depending on the modifications. Initially, it was planned to install two twin 57-mm AK-725 artillery mounts with remote guidance. To increase firepower and air defense systems, Project 775M ships were equipped with a 76.2 mm AK-176 artillery mount and two AK-630M 6x30 mm artillery mounts. To suppress the enemy’s coastal defenses and destroy his manpower, two Grad-M MLRS launchers were installed on Project 775 landing ships. Strela-3 and Igla MANPADS could be used as air defense systems.

Project 775 ships were initially designed to transport by sea a reinforced company of marines or 225 paratroopers and 10 tanks. The dimensions of the cargo compartment are 95x4.5x4.5 meters; the ship could also take on board up to 480 tons of various cargo. The paratroopers were housed in several cockpits, and the officers in four-berth cabins. The ship's crew consisted of 98 people, including 8 officers.

BDK project 11711 "Ivan Gren"

Large landing ships of Project 11711 (according to the NATO codification Ivan Gren) are a project of new large landing ships of the Russian fleet, designed for landing troops, transporting cargo, military equipment and equipment. This landing ship is a further development of the Project 1171 Tapir ships, while most of the ship’s design has undergone major changes. On June 11, 2015, at the Yantar Baltic Shipyard in Kaliningrad, the laying ceremony of the second large landing craft of Project 11711 “Pyotr Morgunov” took place. The lead ship of the Ivan Gren series was laid down at the Kaliningrad shipyard in December 2004, the ship was launched in May 2012, and the ship's delivery to the military is scheduled for 2015. In total, by 2020, the Russian Navy was supposed to receive 6 ships of this type.

When creating the ship, much attention was paid to the living conditions of the crew and landing party. Loading military equipment onto a ship is possible in two ways: independently using ramps, or using port or deck cargo cranes through a four-leaf cargo hatch located in the upper deck. These hatches also make it possible to ventilate the below-deck space when, immediately before landing, combat vehicles start their engines running at idle speed, which leads to the filling of the landing space with exhaust gases. To carry out loading and unloading operations in the area of the cargo hatch, the ship has a crane with a lifting capacity of 16 tons and two boat cranes designed for working with motor boats and lifeboats.

The total displacement of the Ivan Gren BDK is 5,000 tons, which makes it the largest among all BDKs of the Russian fleet in service at the moment. The full speed is 18 knots, the cruising range is up to 3,500 nautical miles at a speed of 16 knots. Navigation autonomy - up to 30 days. The ship's crew consists of 100 people. Military equipment is located on the tank deck inside the large landing craft; these can be either main battle tanks weighing up to 60 tons (13 tanks), or infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers (up to 36 units), or 300 landing troops.

The weapons on board the ship are two Grad-M MLRS launchers, two AK-630M 6x30mm artillery mounts, as well as a 76.2 mm AK-176 universal artillery mount. In addition, the ship is capable of hosting one Ka-29 transport and combat helicopter. According to some information, the Igla-V complex can be used as an air defense system.

Information sources:
http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/2028399
http://lenta.ru/news/2015/06/16/priboy
http://www.rg.ru/2015/06/16/analog-site.html
http://navalcadet.narod.ru
http://www.shipyard-yantar.ru/ru/press/265-zalozhitbdk.html

Ships of the USSR Navy Directory volume IV Landing and mine-sweeping ships Apalkov Yuri Valentinovich

Large landing ships pr. 1171 - 14 units

Basic tactical and technical elements

Displacement, t:

Empty 2000

Standard 2905

Full 4360

Main dimensions, m:

Maximum length (according to KBL) 113.0 (105.0)

Maximum hull width (according to the vertical line) 15.6 (15.6)

Draft at full displacement 4.5

Main power plant:

Type diesel

Quantity x type DD - total power, l. with 2 x M-58A 1* or 2 x M-58A-3 2* or 2 x M-58A-4 3* - 9000

Number x type of propulsors 2 x fixed pitch propellers

Quantity x type - power of EPS current sources, kW 2 x DG - 500 each + 1 x DG - 750 1* or 3 x DG - 500 each 4*

Travel speed, knots: - full 16.5

Cruising range, miles: - speed 15.5 knots 2000 or 4800 5*

Crew, people (including officers) 55 (5)

Autonomy in terms of provisions with landing forces, days 15 1* or 20 4*

Minimum bottom slope for landing equipment at the water's edge, degrees: 2–2.5

Troop capacity:

Option 1 22 medium (main) tanks and 25 armored personnel carriers

Option 2 50 armored personnel carrier

Option 3 52 trucks

Landing personnel (for all loading options), people 313 or 400 4*

Useful landing area, m 2:

Total 1195

Upper deck 405

Main 50

Additional 12

Interdeck 12

Time standards, min:

Opening the bow device (with additional gangway) 4 (7)

Opening the feed unit 4

Weapons:

Rocket:

NRO system "Grad-M" 6*

Number of PU x barrels (PU type) 1 x 40 - 122 mm (A-215)

Ammunition 80 NURS M-21-OF

Anti-aircraft missile system:

Type "Strela-3"

Number of PU x guides (PU type) 2x3 (MANPADS) or 3 x 2 (MANPADS) 7*

Ammunition 24 ZR or 32 7*

Artillery systems:

Number of AU x barrels (AU type) 1x2- 57 mm (ZiF-31B)

Number of guns x barrels (type guns 2x2-25 mm (2M-ZM) 8*

Radioelectronic:

Navigation radar "Don"

Electronic warfare system "Slyabing"

1* For project 1171 mod. I etc. 1171 mod. II.

2* For project 1171 mod. III.

3* For project 1171 mod. IV.

4* For project 1171 mod. III etc. 1171 mod. IV.

5* When filling fuel ballast tanks with fuel.

6* For project 1171 mod. III etc. 1171 mod. IV.

7* On project 1171 mod. I

8* For project 1171 mod. IV.

Photo by N. Yu. Prokhorov BDK pr. 1171 (Orsk), July 2003

BDK pr. 1171 (code "Tapir") was developed in the early 60s at TsKB-50 under the leadership of chief designer I.I. Kuzmin, and in 1963 was transferred to TsKB-17 (since 1967 - Nevskoye G1KB). The ship is intended for transportation by sea and landing on an unequipped coast of a military unit (up to a battalion in size) with mobile armored and automotive equipment. It can also be used as a transport of ammunition, including for the transportation of ballistic missiles in containers or other large-sized military equipment.

BDK pr. 1171 is designed on the basis of a multi-purpose dry cargo vessel. The ship is two-deck, with a forecastle, poop, aft-located engine room and a five-tier superstructure. With four holds, one of which is located aft of the engine room. Hatch covers do not clutter the upper and cargo decks. The hull is divided into seven compartments by waterproof bulkheads. Large-sized cutouts in the main transverse bulkheads on the cargo deck for loading and unloading mobile equipment have mechanized bulkhead closures (lamps) with remote control. The ship is equipped with a bow landing device with main and additional folding gangways and remote control of all its components. In addition, there is a stern gate-gangway, which ensures the reception and unloading of mobile equipment onto the pier or wall. The transported equipment can be moved along the entire cargo deck, with its exit along the inter-deck gangway for placement on the upper deck. Project 1171 ships are capable of vertical loading of various cargoes using their own means. For this purpose, they are equipped with four (Project 1171 mod. I and Project 1171 mod. IT) or two (Project 1171 mod. III and Project 1171 mod. IV) deck cargo hatches, a crane with a lifting capacity of 7.5 tons In addition, the ships of the first modification had two cranes with a lifting capacity of 5 tons.

BDK pr. 1171 mod. I

Longitudinal section of BDK pr. 1171 mod. I:

1 - installation of MANPADS; 2 - K326TD cargo cranes with a lifting capacity of 5 tons; 3 - winch of the stern anchor device; 4 - team quarters; 5 - cabins for officers and midshipmen; 6 - MO chimney; 7 - AP radar "Don"; 8 - navigation bridge; 9 - wheelhouse; 10 - cellar of 57 mm rounds; 11 - 57 mm AU Zif-31 B; 12 - bow cargo holds; 13 - cargo crane KE29 with a lifting capacity of 7.5 tons; 14 - foremast; 15 - separation of capstan machines and mechanisms of the bow landing device; 16 - lapport of the nasal landing device; 17 - additional folding gangway; 18 - main folding gangway; 19 - hold compartments; 20 - bow ballast tank; 21 - fuel tanks; 22 - landing ammunition cellars and food pantries; 23 - DG compartment; 24 - interpubular gangway; 25 - MO; 26 - auxiliary boiler room; 27 - fresh water tanks; 28 - aft ballast tank; 29 - aft cargo hold; 30 - tiller compartment; 31 - aft closure-gantry; 32 - stern anchor device.

The BDK has a special stern anchor device that holds it in place when receiving (unloading) equipment from an unequipped shore, and also pulls it off the shoal when moving away from the shore. For marine personnel, sleeping quarters are equipped in the hull, and the crew is accommodated in the superstructure. It was possible to increase the landing capacity to 400 marines in the last two modifications of the project due to the installation of an additional cockpit in hold No. 1.

The ship has (despite the presence of a bow landing device) good seaworthiness, a long cruising range at full speed, good landing capacity, and the possibility of its wide use for transporting general cargo with a total weight of up to 3,750 tons in holds and tween-decks. Two recovery boilers are located on the gas exhaust devices of the main engines steam production of 700 kg/hour. Experts consider the disadvantages of the BDK Project 1171 to be insufficient full speed, weak artillery armament and insufficient unsinkability for a warship, since it was designed in compliance with the standards of the USSR register.

In 1966–1975 At the Yantar Shipyard in Kaliningrad, 14 BDK Project 1171 were built in four modifications, differing in landing capacity, autonomy in terms of provisions and armament. By the time the USSR collapsed, they were all part of the fleet. Currently (as of August 2007), five ships continue to be in service, one of them being part of the Navy.

Voronezh Komsomolets(plant No. 291, project 1171 mod. I, BDK-10, from 03/18/1992 - BDK-65, from 2003 - Saratov). Shipyard "Yantar": 02/5/1964; July 1, 1964; 08/18/1966 After entering service, the ship was part of the Northern Fleet, and since 1985 - part of the Black Sea Fleet. In July 1999, as part of the UN peacekeeping operation in Yugoslavia, the ship participated in the transfer of troops from Tuapse to the Greek port of Thessaloniki. Together with other ships of the landing group, he delivered 260 units to their destination. equipment, 1,700 soldiers and officers with full equipment. The ship was removed from the fleet lists in the first half of 2007.

Crimean Komsomolets(plant No. 292, project 1171 mod. I, BDK-6). Shipyard "Yantar": 02/5/1964; July 1, 1964; 08/18/1966 Part of the Black Sea Fleet. In 1993, the ship was removed from the lists of the fleet and handed over to ARVI for disposal.

Tomsk Komsomolets(plant No. 293, project 1171 mod. I, BDK-13). Shipyard "Yantar": 02/18/1965; 03/26/1966; 09/30/1967 Part of the Pacific Fleet. In 1992, the ship was removed from the lists of the fleet and handed over to ARVI for disposal.

Komsomolets of Karelia(plant No. 294, project 1171 mod. I, BDK-62). Shipyard "Yantar": 08/05/1966; 03/1/1967; 12/29/1967 Part of the Northern Fleet. In 1997, the ship was removed from the lists of the fleet and handed over to ARVI for disposal.

Sergey Lazo(plant No. 295, project 1171 mod. II, BDK-66,). Shipyard "Yantar": 03/07/1967; 08/28/1967; 09/27/1968 Part of the Pacific Fleet. In 1994, the ship was removed from the lists of the fleet and handed over to ARVI for disposal.

BDK-69(plant No. 296, project 1171 mod. II, since 2003 - Orsk). Shipyard "Yantar": 08/30/1967; 02/29/1968; 12/31/1968 After entering service, it was part of the Pacific Fleet, and since 1994 - part of the Black Sea Fleet. In July 1999, as part of the UN peacekeeping operation in Yugoslavia, the ship participated in the transfer of troops from Tuapse to the Greek port of Thessaloniki. Together with other ships of the landing group, he delivered 260 units to their destination. equipment, 1,700 soldiers and officers with full equipment. Orsk is planned to be excluded from the fleet lists in the first half of 2008.

50 years of Komsomol patronage(plant No. 297, project 1171 mod. III, BDK-771). Shipyard "Yantar": 03/12/1968; 08/31/1968 09/30/1969 Part of the Pacific Fleet. In 1993, the ship was removed from the lists of the fleet and handed over to ARVI for disposal.

Donetsk miner(production no. 298, project 1171 mod. III). Shipyard "Yantar": 09/05/1968; 03/10/1969 12/31/1969 Part of the Charity Fund.

MDK pr. 1171 mod. II (above) etc. 1171 mod. Ill

BDK pr. 1171 mod. IV

BDK pr. 1171 mod. IV (Nikolai Filchenkov)

Krasnaya Presnya(production no. 299, project 1171 mod. III). Shipyard "Yantar": 03/18/1969; 10/11/1969 09/30/1970 Member of the Baltic Fleet. In 1993, the ship was removed from the lists of the fleet and handed over to ARVI for disposal. In 1995, after repairs, it was sold to one of the private companies for further operation.

Ilya Azarov(production number 300, BDK-104, mod. III). Shipyard "Yantar": 10/17/1969; 03/31/1970 06/10/1971 Part of the Black Sea Fleet. In April 1996, in Odessa, it was transferred to the government of Ukraine, became part of the Ukrainian Ukrainian Armed Forces and was renamed Rivne.

Alexander Tortsev(production no. 301, project 1171 mod. III). Shipyard "Yantar": 04/06/1970; November 27, 1970; 12/31/1971 Part of the Pacific Fleet. In 1994, the ship was removed from the lists of the fleet and handed over to ARVI for disposal.

Petr Ilyichev(production no. 302, project 1171 mod. III). Shipyard "Yantar": 11/30/1970; 08/30/1971 12/29/1972 Part of the Northern Fleet. In 1993, the ship was removed from the lists of the fleet and handed over to ARVI for disposal.

Nikolay Vilkov(production no. 303, project 1171 mod. IV). Shipyard "Yantar": 09/03/1971; November 30, 1973; 07/30/1974 Part of the Pacific Fleet. Completed seven combat tours in the Indian Ocean. In 1994, he participated in joint exercises with the Kuwaiti Navy. In the same year, he was engaged in the transportation of goods from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to the port of Kam Ran. At the end of 1994, the ship provided assistance to the population of the South Kuril Islands affected by the earthquake, delivering fuel and food there.

Nikolay Filchenkov(production no. 304, 1171 mod. TV). Shipyard "Yantar": 01/30/1974; 03/29/1975; 12/30/1975 Part of the Baltic Fleet, and from December 1979 - part of the Black Sea Fleet.

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LANDING SHIPS