Tatyana's day - the history of the holiday. Tatyana's day, student's day. The history of the origin of the holiday Tatyana's Day holiday history of origin

January 25, Tatiana's Day, is widely celebrated as a student's day in universities and colleges of our country. Why is the student's day celebrated on Tatyana's day on January 25?

The history of the student holiday Tatyana's Day is as follows. Student holiday Sudent's Day officially appeared at the beginning of the 19th century after the Decree of Nicholas I, in which he ordered to celebrate the signing of the act on the opening of the university.

Prior to that, on January 25, 1755 (January 12, old style), Empress Elizabeth signed the decree “On the Establishment of Moscow University”, and January 25 became the official university day, in those days it was called the Foundation Day of Moscow University.

However, long before the decree of the Empress, Tatyana's Day was celebrated on January 25 in Russia. This day is named after the Holy Martyr Tatyana (Tatiana).

Historically, it so happened that just on that same Tatyana's day, back in 1755 on January 25, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna signed a decree "On the establishment of Moscow University" and January 12 (25) became the official university day (in those days it was called "foundation day Moscow University).

Since then, Saint Tatiana has been considered the patroness of all students. It should be noted that in translation from Greek the very ancient name "Tatiana" means "organizer".

Moscow students honored the memory of the martyr Tatiana with solemn prayer services and performances by their choirs in churches. And the university church was consecrated in honor of Tatyana. Many generations of students and university professors have prayed in this temple for many years.

In Russia, back in the last century, Tatyana's Day (Student's Day) became a cheerful and noisy holiday for the student brethren. At first, students' day was celebrated only in Moscow, and it was celebrated very magnificently.

According to eyewitnesses, the annual celebration of Tatyana's Day was a real event for Moscow. It consisted of two parts: a short official ceremony in the university building and a noisy festivities, in which almost the entire capital took part.

On this day, crowds of students walked around Moscow until late at night with songs, rode, embracing, three or four of them, in one cab and bawled songs. The owner of the Hermitage, the Frenchman Olivier, gave his restaurant to the students that day for a party ... They sang, talked, shouted ... The professors were raised to the tables ... The speakers changed one after another.

Student's Day is vigorously and cheerfully celebrated by all students throughout Russia. On this day, the district (police) did not touch even extremely sober students. And if they approached, they trumped and inquired: “Does Mr. Student need help?”

This is how Tatyana's Day was celebrated by students of pre-revolutionary Russia. After the October Revolution, this holiday was rarely remembered. But in 1995, the church of St. Tatiana at Moscow University was reopened. And in the assembly hall of the old building on that day, prizes were awarded, established in part of the founders of the first Russian university - Count I.I. Shuvalov and scientist M.V. Lomonosov. And again in Russia there was a cheerful student holiday - Tatiana's Day.

In 2006, Tatyana's Day, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, became a national holiday - the Day of Russian Students.

It was on January 25, back in 1755, that an imperial decree was signed on the creation of the first university in Russia, which was named Moscow University.

The people call this holiday Tatyana's Day or Student's Day, and all women who bear the name Tatyana celebrate name days. The ancient name "Tatiana" in Greek means "organizer".

life

Saint Tatiana, an early Christian martyr, suffered for her faith in the 3rd century AD under the Roman emperor Alexander Severus. She was one of the first true Christians for whom faith was the meaning of life.

The future Saint was born into a noble Roman family - her father was elected consul three times. He was a secret Christian and raised a daughter devoted to God and the Church.

Having reached adulthood, Tatyana did not marry and served God in one of the temples, caring for the sick in fasting and prayer and helping those in need. In 226, the girl was captured during the next persecution of Christians.

At first, the pagans gave her a chance to change her faith by making sacrifices to their god, but Tatyana was adamant. After terrible torment, Tatyana appeared before her executioners and judges even more beautiful than before.

During the torture, many miracles happened: either the executioners, for whose enlightenment the Saint prayed, believed in Christ, then the angels deflected blows from the martyr, then milk flowed from her wounds instead of blood, and fragrance poured into the air.

Icon "Saint Tatiana" in the Novodevichy Convent

Three times Tatyana destroyed churches with the power of her word and faith. She was thrown into the fire, but he did not hurt the martyr, into the arena with a lion, but the predator only licked the Saint's feet. The pagans despaired of breaking the faith of the sufferer and executed her. Together with Tatyana, her father was also executed.

As history testifies, Tatyana's day was special among the Moscow patronal holidays.

Student's day

On January 25, 1755, Ivan Shuvalov, the patron of Russian science and culture, chamber junker Ivan Shuvalov, gave the decree on the founding of Moscow University to Empress Elizaveta Petrovna for signature.

Shuvalov's choice fell on this date not by chance. This decree was an unusual gift from his mother, Tatyana, on her name day.

The project of the new university was developed by Ivan Shuvalov together with the outstanding Russian scientist and encyclopedist Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.

In 1791, the church of Moscow University was also consecrated in the name of the Holy Martyr Tatiana. Since then, St. Tatiana has been considered the patroness of students and teachers. The parishioners of this church in different years were Fonvizin, Griboyedov, Turgenev, Timiryazev, Pirogov, Klyuchevsky, the Aksakov brothers and many others.

In 1918 the temple was closed. At first, a club was located in its premises, and from 1958 to 1994 - the student theater of Moscow State University. In January 1995 the building was returned to the church.

From the middle of the 19th century, Tatyana's Day became a student holiday. For the first time, the birthday of Moscow State University was celebrated only on its centenary, in 1855, after which the celebration became a tradition.

For many years, the official part of the celebrations included a mass in the university cafeteria, a lecture by the rector, and awards to teachers who excelled in the sciences. Toward evening, student festivities began.

From Moscow, the holiday tradition first spread to the capital St. Petersburg, and then to other university cities, and in fact turned into a holiday for the entire Russian intelligentsia.

With the advent of Soviet power, all celebrations for Tatyana were canceled. The tradition was revived only after the collapse of the USSR, in 1992, at the initiative of the rector of Moscow State University Viktor Sadovnichy.

In 1995, a temple in honor of the martyr Tatyana began to operate at Moscow University again, and Tatyana's day began to be celebrated again.

The Day of Russian Students has been officially celebrated since 2005 in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation. And in 2007, a federal law was signed, according to which the Day of Russian Students became one of the memorable dates in Russia.

Traditions and signs

By tradition, students accept congratulations in a solemn atmosphere from teachers and leaders of the university. Particularly distinguished students are awarded certificates and gifts, and the best students receive presidential congratulations.

The informal part of the celebration begins after the formal part is over. Classmates traditionally gather in noisy companies to celebrate the student holiday on a grand scale.

On this day, students traditionally arrange mass festivities. Russian students, as in the distant 19th century, drink vodka, arrange fireworks and have fun until you drop.

Copy of Nikolai Pavlovich Chekhov's illustration for Anton Pavlovich Chekhov's story "Tatiana's Day"

Students are quite superstitious, so their main holiday is associated with numerous signs. In addition, most students fall on January 25 for the winter session, respectively, the signs are devoted to its successful delivery.

The most famous comic sign is associated with the call of "freebies". The student needs to loudly shout out the window or from the balcony "freebie, come!", And if the answer is "I'm already running", it is considered that the session will be passed successfully.

Many believe that the key to success in all winter exams will be a fun-filled student day. Most importantly, before passing, do not touch notes and textbooks, so as not to frighten off luck.

Those who have an exam scheduled for the 26th are advised not to worry and calmly celebrate on January 25th. According to the sign, after a good celebration it is impossible to get a bad mark.

Customs and rituals

On Tatyana's day, they go to church to pray for successful study and enlightenment and light a candle for the repose of the Roman great martyr. Be sure to carry out general cleaning in the house.

At the end of January, as you know, the day is already becoming noticeably longer, therefore, in the Slavic tradition, Tatyana's day is called the Sun, and sometimes Babi Kut (a place near the stove for women's work).

The older women in the family bake a loaf, which is a symbol of the sun, as if inviting him to return to people as soon as possible. Such carpets were eaten by the whole family, so that everyone got a piece of the "star".

Girls at the "Student Winter Games for the Cup of Tatyana" in the Gorky Park in Kazan

In the villages, early in the morning, girls, dressed up, went to the river, where they beat and washed rugs. According to tradition, the girl carried the rug back along with the guy who looked after her. Then the rugs were hung to dry on the fences, and its owner was judged by the cleanliness and beauty of the rug.

On January 25, women made tight and large skeins of yarn so that cabbage heads would also be dense and large.

People believed that a girl born on January 25 would be a good housewife. There was a saying on this score: "Tatyana bakes a loaf, and beats rugs on the river, and leads a round dance."

On Tatiana's Day, they also guessed - the girls made small panicles from rags and feathers. It was believed that if such a panicle was imperceptibly placed in a woman's kut in the house of a desired guy, then the guy would definitely marry her, and their life together would be long and happy.

Many signs are related to the weather.

Sunrise on Tatyana's day personified early spring, the imminent arrival of birds and the early spawning of fish.

If it is frosty and clear on Tatiana, there will be a good harvest, warmth and a snowstorm - to a crop failure.

The material was prepared on the basis of open sources.

Tatyana's day is celebrated not only by women named with this sonorous name, but also by all people involved in the student body. This holiday warms the frosty January and brightens the cold winter evenings. Where did the tradition of celebrating Students' Day come from and why is the name Tatiana closely associated with it?

Tatiana of Rome

Tatiana lived at the turn of the second and third millennia in Rome, in the era of the birth of Christianity. She was brought up in a Christian family in an atmosphere of kindness and love. From childhood, the girl said that she loved the Lord and wanted to devote her whole life to him. Growing up, the girl believed in Christ even more and became a deaconess in the Roman community. She helped believers and cared for the sick and the poor.

The new state council that came to power forced Christians to worship pagan gods, threatening them with the death penalty. Tatiana of Rome could not betray Jesus and, despite threats, she continued to believe in her God. According to legend, the pagans brutally mocked the girl and subjected her to all sorts of tortures, but the next day her wounds always healed, and the offenders were severely punished by unknown forces.

On January 12, 226, Tatiana and her father were executed. The death of a young Christian woman and the miracles that surrounded her during her lifetime and occurred after her death led many doubting people to faith. Later, Tatiana of Rome was proclaimed a saint, and the day of her death became Tatiana's day.

On January 25, all women named Tatyana celebrate their name days. On this day, it is customary for ladies to give symbolic gifts and flowers. It is noteworthy that no other name days are celebrated as magnificently and massively as Tatyana's Day. Most likely, the date owes its popularity to noisy and cheerful students who also celebrate their holiday on this day.

Student's day

In 1755, on January 12, according to the old style (which corresponds to January 25), Empress Elizabeth signed a historic decree on the founding of the first Moscow university. There is an opinion that the day of such an important event was recommended by her favorite Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov, whose mother's name was Tatyana.

In 1791, on Easter, a small temple of Tatiana the Martyr was opened in one of the university buildings, and a little later, Nicholas 1 ordered to cancel the celebration of the opening of the university and establish a holiday on the date of signing the document on its foundation. So a new holiday suddenly appeared in the capital - the Day of the Foundation of Moscow University. By the will of fate, his date coincided with Tatyana's church day. At first, the holiday was celebrated only in Moscow, but everyone involved in the students had fun to the fullest!

The celebration began with a prayer service in the temple of Tatiana and a short official ceremony at the university. Honored guests were invited to the event, students and teachers were awarded well-deserved awards. Then the students arranged noisy festivities, celebrating the holiday and the beginning of the holidays. Young people walked around the capital in cheerful groups, sang songs and acted hooligans, breaking windows and arranging cat concerts. The police were sympathetic to everything that was happening and even took the merry hooligans home.

Wealthy young people were heading to the Hermitage restaurant. However, the upper strata of society behaved too violently. Knowing this, the employees of the establishment cleaned the expensive furniture in advance and served the cheapest dishes to the guests. By the way, not only students had fun, but also everyone who wanted to.

With the advent of Soviet power, the student church was converted into a reading room. The Bolsheviks forbade celebrating Tatyana's Day, instead establishing their own holiday - the Day of the Proletarian Students.

How modern students celebrate their holiday

Tatyana's Day returned to Russia in 1992. The initiator of the return of the student holiday was the rector of Moscow State University Viktor Antonovich Sadovnichy. And in 2005, the President of the country signed a decree on the establishment of an official celebration of the Day of Russian Students.

On Tatyana's Day, entertainment events are organized everywhere for students. In many cities, open days are held in museums and cinemas, discos and skating rinks. The owners of youth cafes give discounts to young people and treat them with free desserts, and famous artists give students their concerts.

On the streets and in the parks there are mass festivities, fairs, competitions, snowball fights and traditional slides. Students fill the streets of cities with laughter, songs and fun until late at night.

You should know that only Russian students celebrate their holiday on January 25, and International Student Day is listed on the calendar on November 17.

Almost everyone knows that among the many winter holidays, one of the most beloved by students and not only is Tatyana's Day or Students' Day. But few can boast of knowing how this wonderful holiday came about. Perhaps this is one of the few holidays that both church ministers and students consider their own. At the same time, each side interprets this day in its own way. For some clarification of the situation, let's turn to the history of this significant day.

The Life of the Saints describes the tragic fate of the daughter of the Roman consul Tatiana. She was subjected to severe persecution for her faith in Christ, they cut her with razors, tried to burn her, gouged out her eyes, but every time God punished her persecutors, and Tatiana granted healing. The court sentenced the martyr to death, later Tatiana was canonized as a saint. However, the Life of the Saints nowhere mentions the connection between the great martyr Tatiana and those who devoted themselves to science and the acquisition of knowledge. So why did the day of remembrance of Tatiana become associated with a cheerful and glorious people - students?

We find the answer in the "History of the Russian State": January 12 (25), 1755 Empress Elizaveta Petrovna signed a Decree on the opening of the first Russian university in Moscow. The project was developed by Lomonosov and taken under the patronage of Adjutant General I. I. Shuvalov, a man of culture and education. And it was Shuvalov who chose the day of signing the Decree - the fact is that he wanted to make a gift to his mother Tatyana Petrovna on her name day.

Nicholas I later signed a Decree, which ordered to celebrate January 12 (25) as the opening day of the university. This is how a cheerful student holiday appeared - Tatyana's Day, but popular rumor endowed St. Tatiana with favor for students.

Already in the first year of university life, this holiday was celebrated on a large scale, in the traditions of Peter the Great, which were also to the liking of Elizabeth. First, a solemn part with a divine service, and then fireworks, illuminations, theatrical performances, and, of course, treats. As time went. Former students became lawyers, doctors, writers, teachers. But Tatyana's day did not change and was not forgotten - on this day, young people and old people, famous and unknown, all became good friends.

Day of all students was one of the noisiest days in the city. The main action took place on Tverskoy Boulevard, Nikitskaya, Trubnaya Square. Students in small groups and whole crowds, some on foot and some in cabs, filled the entire district. The feeling of freedom intoxicated and overwhelmed young souls. Finally, nature took precedence over reason. Young people sat in class for months, pored over books, did experiments again and again, many of them worked part-time - but one day a year they could be liberated and do anything. The demonstration of freedom and self-sufficiency was expressed in loud singing - from the classical student anthem Gaudeamus igitur to the politically unreliable "Dubinushki". The police on Tatyana's day acted only for preventive purposes and smoothed out acute conflicts. It was strongly recommended not to detain and even more so to arrest students on their holiday.

Cat concerts near the building of Moskovskie Vedomosti were traditional for this bottom. Sometimes the editorial windows were even beaten. This is how students expressed their rights - this official newspaper was once the only city newspaper, and its editors were university professors.

AT Tatyana's Day class and age distinctions were abolished, ranks and ranks were abolished, the poor and the rich were compared - everyone became fellow citizens of the "learned republic". Successful important people remembered their student years and the wonderful days of their youth. Very quickly and easily, Tatyana's Day became a holiday not only for Moscow University, but also for students throughout the country.

Students celebrated the holiday noisily in numerous taverns, restaurants and pubs. The owners of these establishments carefully prepared for this day - in the famous Hermitage restaurant, for this day, luxurious furniture was prudently replaced with simple tables and benches, expensive mirrors were removed, and the floors were covered with a thick layer of sawdust. At the same time, the guests felt freer, and the hosts calmer.

Cold snacks, cheap wine, beer and vodka were served at the table. Everyone sat down together at one table - popular journalists, favorite professors, lawyers, students, officials. This meal united such different people with one common sense of unity!

That is how, thanks to the Imperial Decrees and the filial love of the favorite Shuvalov, the Great Martyr Tatiana became the patroness of all students, and The 25th of January we all celebrate Tatyana's Day.

Tatyana's Day. History of the holiday.

January 25 in Russia is usually noisy and fun. On this day, one of the favorite holidays is celebrated - Tatyana's Day, Student's Day. Despite the different historical origins, these two holidays have merged into one, now none of our compatriots share them.

But in fairness, it’s still worthwhile to figure out why the holy martyr Tatyana suddenly began to be considered the patroness of a cheerful student brethren. Let's turn to the history of the holiday - Tatyana's Day.

Tatiana of Rome

Tatiana (Tatiana) was born into a noble Roman family. A modest, shy, beautiful girl was brought up by her father (who became consul three times) in love and devotion to the Lord Jesus Christ. From childhood, Tatiana decided to devote the life given to her by the Lord to serving him.

Having barely matured, observing all the prescriptions and canons, the girl began a secluded life, serving in one of the temples, helping the needy and caring for the sick. Obedient, diligent, she was loved by all those suffering who needed her and were healed by her gentle hands.

In her heart, Tatyana continuously read prayers for those asking for help and protection. She became an invisible Christian shield, trying to protect every destitute lonely person who found peace in her face from new blows of fate.

But the history of that time was unsuccessful for the girl. Her life took place in the era of the early formation of Christianity and only the beginning of opposition to pagan idolatry. Raised in an atmosphere of love, family understanding, Tatyana did not want to hide her true feelings for the Lord. During the next persecution of Christians, the girl was captured and subjected to the most severe tortures that the fanatics of that time were only capable of.

Having steadfastly endured all the trials prepared for her, Tatyana not only did not renounce her faith and remained devoted to Christ, but during the hellish torment she asked the Lord to soften, forgive the souls of the executioners who tortured her. Bloodless, with torn hair, with gouged out eyes, scorched by fire, cut into thousands of pieces, three times she appeared before her offenders completely healthy and blooming, which even more aroused the anger and animal fury of her tormentors, who were exhausted, exposing the unfortunate to more and more savage tortures. . But at night, Angels flew in, again healing the wounds of the one who took the torment for her faith.

Three times her pagan priests persuaded her to worship Apollo, Diana and Zeus, however, as soon as the saint approached her so ardently beloved idols, they shattered into pieces, destroying buildings, crushing the priests with fragments, who so zealously demanded worship and renunciation of faith in Christ.

As a result, having lost hope of inclining the recalcitrant Tatyana to the pagan gods, she and her father were sentenced to beheaded. On January 25 (January 12, old style), 226, the Great Martyr and her father were executed. Later, Tatyana, who left this world through torment for her faith, was canonized by Christians, and the date of her execution became known as Tatyana's Day according to the church calendar. On January 25, all girls named Tatyana celebrate their name days.

Tatyana's Day and Student's Day.

The history of the Student's Day is more cheerful, it carries a purely educational meaning, without any church overtones. Although, each event taking place in this world does not occur on its own, but is included in a series of some actions, being links in one chain. So it happened now. On January 12 (old style), 1755, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna signs the decree "On the Establishment of Moscow University". According to some historians, the date of signing the decree was not chosen by chance, but was dictated to the Empress by her favorite Ivan Shuvalov, on the occasion of the name day of mother Tatyana Shuvalova.

After the opening, the University did not have its own house church for several decades, since it was temporarily located in the building of the Main Pharmacy, and there such a building was not provided at all. But by 1791, the church of St. Tatiana was nevertheless built in one of the outbuildings of the newly opened University building, but died in the flames of a fire in 1812.

A new temple in honor of the Great Martyr was again built in one of the wings in 1836 and was consecrated in 1837 by Filaret Drozdov in honor of St. Tatiana, and in honor of the founding of the first Russian University. Since 1838, student festivities began in honor of the intercessor, which are celebrated to this day.

However, the fate of the temple and this did not find peace at all. And the history of Tatyana's Day has not ended. The Bolsheviks came to power. Known for their love of scientific atheism and progressive thinking, the power of the soviets turned the long-suffering church into a mere library reading room. The place of worship of the saint was filled with cabinets with textbooks for the Faculty of Law, and in 1958 the church was completely turned into the Student Theater.

Only in 1995 did historical Christian justice finally triumph, the church was reopened and consecrated. Two particles of relics from the right hand of St. Tatiana, carefully preserved in secret to this day, thanks to the care of caring believers.

Students carefully keep the memory of the great saint and turn to her for help whenever they encounter difficulties in their studies or life. St. Tatiana during her lifetime was distinguished by kindness and sincerity, a pure soul and immeasurable self-sacrifice, so now St. Tatiana's Day is inextricably linked with the Student's Day holiday.