The second most important type of special lexical units are nomens (nomenclature designations, nomenclature names, nomenclature signs), which were identified after the terms back in the 1930s (Vinokur 1939).
Behind the distinction between the term and common vocabulary, it is necessary to make a second distinction - between the term and the nomen.
Nomen (lat. nomen "name") - a name (noun), the meaning of which is determined with a sufficiently high clarity and whose place in the system of such names is fixed more or less rigidly; a term in a number of self-similar ones. Therefore, we distinguish between terminology - as a set of special lexical units that serve to designate general concepts of a certain field of science and nomenclature as a set of special lexical units that serve to designate single concepts - specific in this area. (Akhmanova 1966, 6).
Nomenclature (lat. nomenclatura "list, list") - a set of homogeneous terminological names, nomens (for example, the nomenclature of plants, birds, fish, loom parts, etc.). In terminology, this term also has the meaning of a terminology system with the rules for the formation of new system terms .
Compared with terms, the number of nomens is extremely large and continues to increase with each new, even the smallest, discovery or new product produced. If you do not draw a line between a term and a nomen, then compiling a dictionary will be extremely difficult.
G.O. was the first to pose this problem. Vinokur in his work "On some phenomena of word formation in Russian technical terminology". He pointed out that the term should not be confused as a designation of an object of thought and a proper name or nomenclature elements and symbols. The researcher believed that nomenclature is an abstract system of symbols, the function of which is to point to an object. However, a nomenclature unit cannot be completely abstract. For example, the nomenclature of paper by weight of one square meter in grams (paper density): 40, 50, 60, 63, 70, 71, 80, 85, 90, 100, 110, 120, 140, 160, 180,200, 240, 250.
Abstractness is manifested in the fact that the task of the nomen is not to designate the content of the concept, but to become the name, the "label" of a particular object. The simplest example - there is a certain typographic term "cover", which means a certain number of properties: color, texture, presence of a picture. Next comes the division - region-10 (cover No. 10): red, smooth, without a pattern; obl-23: blue, fabric, drawing flowers and so on.
When we talk about the meaning of a word, we should not forget about the singificative and nominative functions. The significative function - dividing - is responsible for the distinctive features of a particular phenomenon; the nominative defines the outer shell of the concept. Thus, the significative function dominates in the term, while the nominative one dominates in the nomen. In this regard, the nomen approaches a proper name. Therefore, the main difference between the term and the nomen is the disclosure of the concept, its reflection and the name of a separate specific object.
Similar thoughts were expressed by the famous Soviet linguist Reformatorsky A.A. In his opinion, terminology is associated primarily with the system of concepts of a particular science, while the function of nomenclature is the marking of individual objects.
Another feature of the relationship between terms and nomens is that the nomen is associated with the concept through the term. The abbreviation "IBSN" would not be possible without the term "International Standard Book Number" (International Standard Book Number). Behind the nomens "Times New Roman", "Arial" is the term "font". Therefore, there are reasons to agree with the opinion of V.V. Kondrashov that “nomenclature units function in the language only by virtue of the existence of terms” (Kondrashov 1971, 68 GR).
The nomen as a phenomenon has not yet been sufficiently studied, so it can be assumed that this will be the next stage in the development of terminology, necessary for the easy creation of a large number of names of specific products and single concepts. (Grineevich 43)
Start
To work with the module, we need to go to the Admin panel - Miscellaneous - Tools - Excel import / export - fig. one.
We have moved to the import/export Excel module page - fig. 2.
With Excel import/export module (original name of EasyPopulate module) you can add/update/delete products in your online store using OpenOffice Calc spreadsheet program.
This example will use:
Export products from the store to Excel
Let's take an example of how to add/update a product in an online store through Excel using the Excel import/export module.
For example, let's add a new product Unicorn Horn to the Horns category with a cost of $35 and modify the existing product Moose Horns.
First of all, we need to download the existing price list from the store for further work with it in the program.
In order to download the price list, click the Export tab, select Full download and click the Create file button - fig. 3.
You will be asked - What should be done with this file?, choose Save the file to disk and press the Ok button - fig. 4, select any folder on the disk and save the file, do not forget which folder you saved the file to.
We saved the file, now we go to the OpenOffice Calc program - fig. 5.
Then we open the file we saved (menu File - Open) - fig. 6.
Having opened the saved file, I have it called EP2011May20-1806.csv (you will have a slightly different name), the import wizard will start - fig. 7.
In the Encoding option, select Unicode (UTF8), in the Separator option, remove the "bird" from "Tab" and put it on "Semicolon" - fig. eight.
In the Fields block, we need to change the type of some columns - fig. 9.
Here we need to change the type of four columns: v_products_price, v_products_weight, v_date_avail, v_date_added.
Set each of these four columns to type "Text" - fig. ten.
Only for these four columns, do not touch the other columns, to select a column, left-click on its name. Use the bottom scroll bar to navigate - fig. eleven.
Rice. 12 - column v_products_price is not selected.
Rice. 13 - v_products_price column is highlighted.
So, we have set 4 columns - v_products_price, v_products_weight, v_date_avail, v_date_added variable Format column data to text.
A new table with data about the product of our online store has opened - fig. fifteen.
Now we can start editing the Elk Horn product and adding a new Unicorn Horn product.
Data format description
But first, I will give a description of all the columns of the open table, read it very carefully, this is the key point, if you fill in the columns of the table incorrectly, the product will not be updated / added, or it will be updated / added incorrectly, with errors.
Let's move on to describing the structure of the price list, which columns are required to be filled in, what they serve for, and recommendations for filling out these columns. Consider all columns from left to right. I will briefly describe the meaning of each column and small recommendations:
v_products_model
This column contains the code (article) of the product.
Note
This column must be completed. In this column, enter the code (article) of the product. Do not enter too long codes here, no more than 12 characters. By the value of this column, the store distinguishes one product from another. If you don't have SKUs for your products, just enter numbers: 1 - for the first product, 2 - for the second, 3 - for the third, etc.
v_products_name_1
This column must be completed. The product name is written here, the maximum length is 255 characters, but it can be less depending on the store database settings.
v_products_description_1
Filling in this column is optional, but desirable, the product without a description does not look very attractive. Here you need to specify the description of the added product, you can use HTML tags in the product description.
v_products_url_1
This column is optional. An external link to the product is indicated here, for example, a link to the manufacturer's website with a description of this product. The address must be entered without http:// . For example, if you want to specify a link to http://www.yandex.ru, then you need to write like this - www.yandex.ru
v_products_short_description_1
This column is optional. Here you can enter a short description of the product.
v_products_keywords_1
This column is optional. Here you can enter additional product keywords to search.
v_products_meta_title_1
This column is optional. This specifies the Meta Title tag for a specific product, i.e. the text entered here will be displayed in the browser header when viewing the product. Meta tags are needed for better and better indexing of your online store in search engines.
v_products_meta_description_1
This column is optional. Here, the Meta Description tag for a specific product is indicated, i.e. a brief description of the product, just a few sentences.
v_products_meta_keywords_1
This column is optional. Here you specify the Meta Keywords tag for a specific product, i.e. main keywords for this product.
v_products_image
This column is optional. This column contains a picture of the product. In this column, you should not indicate the full address (you cannot write http://vamshop.ru/images/1.gif), here you need to enter only the name of the file (for example, 1.gif).
Note
You must upload image files to the server using an FTP client. Upload images to all subdirectories inside /images/product_images/
v_products_quantity_min
This column must be completed. This specifies the minimum number of items to order. The default value is 1.
v_products_quantity_max
This column must be completed. This specifies the maximum number of items to order. The default value is 1000.
This column is optional. This is where you specify the sort order for the item. For example, using this column, you can show any product above all others, you can sort the output of the product yourself. For example, you can display product A as the very first item in the list of products, and product B as the last item. For this product A in this column we write 1, and for product B we write 10000. That is. using this column, the priorities for the output of goods are set.
v_products_page_url
This column is optional. The SEO URL of the product is specified here, i.e. You can specify how the product link will look like. You can specify only ASCII characters in this field (are the characters allowed? / =, etc.), and the address must end with .html.
Note
Field filling example: roga-i-kopyta.html
v_products_discount_allowed
This column is optional. This indicates the maximum possible discount that this product can have. The default value is 100.
v_products_startpage
This column is optional. Show (1) or don't show (0) the product on the main page of the store.
v_products_startpagesort
This column is optional. Here you can specify the order of sorting the goods on the main page in the center, in the New items block. For example, using this column, you can show any product above all others, you can sort the output of the product yourself. For example, you can display product A as the very first item in the list of products, and product B as the last item. For this product A in this column we write 1, and for product B we write 10000. That is. using this column, the priorities for the output of goods are set.
v_products_to_xml
This column is optional. Unload (1) or not unload (0) goods in Yandex Market.
v_products_price
This column must be completed. Here you specify the price of the product, and the price of the product must be entered in the default currency. You can see which currency is set by default in the Admin -> Miscellaneous -> Localization -> Currencies. All prices must be entered in the default currency, you cannot enter one price, for example, in rubles, and another, for example, in US dollars, all prices are entered in the default currency.
Note
A period must be used as a separator. For example, if the product costs $10.25, then you need to write 10.25
v_products_specials_price
This column is optional. Here the special price of the goods (price with a discount, price for a promotion) is indicated, in case a special price is indicated. price, in the catalog the old price will be crossed out and the new price will be displayed.
v_products_quantity
This column is optional, but recommended. This indicates how many units of the item are in stock. If you do not need to control the quantity of goods in stock, just enter 100000 for example and that's it.
v_products_weight
This column is optional. This is the weight of the item. For example, to indicate the weight of a product is 100 grams, you need to write 0.1, if 1 kg, then write 1, etc. What is it for?! This is necessary to calculate the cost of delivery of goods depending on the weight. If in your store the cost of delivery of goods does not depend on the weight of the ordered goods, just leave this field blank.
This column is optional. This is where you enter the date the item arrived at the warehouse. For most cases, this column is simply not filled in and remains empty.
This column must be completed. This is the date the product was added to the store. The date must be specified exclusively in the following format and nothing else, for example: 2011-05-15 15:07:23 . This means that the product was added to the store on May 15, 2011 at 15:07:23.
Note
I repeat, the date should be indicated in this format and nothing else, be careful.
v_categories_image_1
v_categories_name_1_1
This column must be completed. The Category to which the product is added is specified here. In columns v_categories_name_(1-7)_1 you can specify categories (subcategories) up to level 7. A small example. For example, you need to add a product to the 3rd level category Components - Processors - Pentium 4. Then you need to write the categories as follows: In the v_categories_name_1_1 column we write Components, in the v_categories_name_2_1 column we write Processors, in the v_categories_name_3_1 column we write Pentium 4. That's it, you have added the product to the category 3 levels, similarly, you can add a product in a category up to level 7. If you need to add a product, for example, just to the Processors category, then we write in the v_categories_name_1_1 - Processors column, and leave the rest of the v_categories_name_(2-7)_1 columns blank, i.e. empty.
v_categories_image_2
This column is optional. Here is the picture of the category. For example, if you write test.png, don't forget to upload the test.png image file to the /images/categories/ folder after importing.
v_categories_name_2_1
v_categories_image_3
This column is optional. Here is the picture of the category. For example, if you write test.png, don't forget to upload the test.png image file to the /images/categories/ folder after importing.
v_categories_name_3_1
Read the description of the v_categories_name_1_1 column.
v_categories_image_4
This column is optional. Here is the picture of the category. For example, if you write test.png, don't forget to upload the test.png image file to the /images/categories/ folder after importing.
v_categories_name_4_1
Read the description of the v_categories_name_1_1 column.
v_categories_image_5
This column is optional. Here is the picture of the category. For example, if you write test.png, don't forget to upload the test.png image file to the /images/categories/ folder after importing.
v_categories_name_5_1
Read the description of the v_categories_name_1_1 column.
v_categories_image_6
This column is optional. Here is the picture of the category. For example, if you write test.png, don't forget to upload the test.png image file to the /images/categories/ folder after importing.
v_categories_name_6_1
Read the description of the v_categories_name_1_1 column.
v_categories_image_7
This column is optional. Here is the picture of the category. For example, if you write test.png, don't forget to upload the test.png image file to the /images/categories/ folder after importing.
v_categories_name_7_1
Read the description of the v_categories_name_1_1 column.
v_manufacturers_name
This column is optional. The manufacturer of the item is listed here.
v_tax_class_title
This column must be completed. This column contains the name of the tax. Taxes are added in the Admin Panel - Places/Taxes - Types of taxes. In most cases, there is no tax on the added product, then in this column you need to write: --no--.
This column must be completed. The status of the product is indicated here, i.e. whether the product is available to buyers or not. This column can have the following values - Active, if the product is available to customers, Inactive - if the product is not available to customers (but visible to the administrator in the admin panel), you can also specify the Delete value - this means that you want to delete the product from the store. It is necessary to fill in the column with exactly one of the three values (Active, Inactive, Delete), nothing else.
This column must be completed. And here you just need to duplicate the word EOREOR in each line, i.e. in each product, it means that the line is finished.
Let's move on to our example, i.e. to editing the Elk Horn product and adding a new Unicorn Horn product.
Product editing
Let's change the product name from Moose Horns to Moose Horns updated. To do this, in the v_products_name column, change the Elk Horn cell - fig. 16.
Updated elk antlers - fig. 17. We have changed only the name of the product, but you can change any field, see the description of the fields above.
Moose Horn product has been changed, now we will add a new product Unicorn Horn
Adding a new product
To add a new product, we need to fill in the empty free line after the last one filled in (in this example, this is line No. 4 - Fig. 18) with data about the new product.
We have already read the description of all columns and we know that the following columns must be filled in (i.e. this is a mandatory minimum that must be filled in in any case, otherwise the product will not be added to the store, or it will be added incorrectly):
v_products_model
Here we will indicate the product code, even if we do not know it, it must be specified and must be unique for each product, i.e. There cannot be two identical codes for different products. For example, let's write kod3.
v_products_name_1
Here we indicate the names of the goods, in this example we write Unicorn Horn.
v_products_quantity_min
This specifies the minimum number of items to order. We put 1.
v_products_quantity_max
This specifies the maximum number of items to order. We put 1000.
v_products_price
Here we indicate the cost of the goods in the default currency, in this example it is US dollars. For example, we write 35, which will mean that the item Unicorn Horn will cost $35.
Nomenclature should be distinguished from terminology proper.
A term is a nominative word or phrase (a noun or a phrase with a noun as a reference word) used to name general concepts. Nomens are the names of single concepts, as well as specific mass products reproduced according to the same model a given number of times. The difference between a term and a nomen lies in the fact that nomens name singular concepts, while terms name general concepts.
Nomenclature is a category much newer than terminology. As a special lexical class, it arose only in the 18th century, initially only for the natural sciences. But there can be no talk of any nomenclature where there is no terminology yet: terminology is a tool that fixes nomenclature.
The nomenclature of any branch of natural history is a collection of names of all its species (subspecies). When they become too numerous, they need special ordering in order to apply them correctly.
Each nomenclature has a certain autonomy. The same words can be included in different nomenclature, and they will not be mixed, because they belong to different fields, are used by different people, i.e. do not occur in a general context, remaining interbranch homonyms.
Nomen, according to Shpet's definition, is an empirical, sensually perceived thing, a sign associated with the named thing not in the act of thought, but in the act of perception and representation. Therefore, the nomen is a lexical unit by which we name a visible object and perceive the object without realizing its exact place in the classification system and without correlation with other objects.
The terminology of each science is calculable, since it verbally reflects the system of its concepts. Nomenclature is weakly associated with concepts, it is more nominative and may not reflect the essence of named things at all, relying on a purely external similarity (for example: "B-shaped and Y-shaped tubes"). For a term, the terminological field or terminological context is important. Nomens are freely used out of context, since the properties of named things do not change from the use of their names in the scientific or everyday sphere of communication. Nomens outside the nomenclature systems easily pass into everyday words, retaining their materiality or objectivity ("kapron, nylon, crepe-georgette").
There may be nomenclature of science, technology, production, trade. The more abstract science is, the less space is given to nomenclatures. Special nomenclatures have been developed in biology to designate numerous species of plants and animals, in chemistry for millions of chemical compounds, in geography to designate places on the globe. Technical nomenclatures are real and subject. They are developed to designate numerous parts of machines and devices. From the field of design, the project moves into production, where there are their own terms and nomens (names of machines on which parts are manufactured, processes, technological conditions).
For many years, for goods on sale, trademarks have been used - special proper names that individualize the right of ownership of a certain batch of goods by an individual or legal entity. Trademarks require their owner to be responsible for the product in question. They do not give the direct name of the product, evoke positive associations and guarantee the good quality of the product. Let's give an example of a product range in the oil and gas industry: "a set of SDMMEquipment, Drilling Jar and Services - a set of AIA equipment, drilling jars and services."
In each science, nomenclature names are created by their own special techniques and are largely determined by extralinguistic reasons. So, for example, in the names of the planets, astronomical nomenclature is based on Roman mythology: Mars, Mercury, Venus, and the names of the satellites of the planets are based on Greek mythology: the satellites Phobos and Deimos.
So, sometimes it is difficult to separate the nomenclature and the term, the main difference between the term and the nomenclature is the fact that the term expresses the essential features of the concept, and the nomenclature name is an object, a single concept (for example: Burovoy Service Corporation).
The reference book contains a list of product groups, in the context of which it is supposed to maintain an integrated planning of purchases, production and sales. Maintaining product groups allows you to aggregate planned indicators.
An item group can include an unlimited number of separate items of the item, but one item of the item can only be included in one item group. At the same time, for each occurrence of the nomenclature, the “weight” of the occurrence is set, which is later used when distributing planned indicators for individual elements of the nomenclature.
The Item Groups directory in the cost management subsystem is used to store cost accounting analytics objects.
Table 8
Description of the fields of the screen form of the reference book "Nomenclature groups"
| Field name | Filling method | Purpose of the reference attribute |
| The code | Automatically | |
| Name | Manual input | Used to select an item group from the list. |
| Base unit of measure | Link to the reference book "Classifier of units of measurement" | The unit of measure against which all other units of measure are recalculated for the items of the nomenclature included in this group. |
| Residue storage unit | Link to the reference book "Units of measurement" | |
| VAT rate | Select from a list | Attribute, the value of which will be used in the system as a default value when processing documents. |
| Tabular part "Composition of the nomenclature group" | Link to reference book "Nomenclature" | The composition of this nomenclature group, indicating the weight of the occurrence. |
Units.
The "Units of measurement" reference book is designed to maintain a list of all units of measurement defined for the item of the nomenclature (product, material, service, semi-finished product, etc.). The reference book "Units of measurement" is a subordinate reference book in relation to the reference book "Nomenclature" and is called for entering and editing information by pressing the "Go" button and selecting the appropriate menu item.
The position of the nomenclature is characterized by the base unit of measure. In addition to the base unit of measure, the item of the nomenclature can have the required number of other units of measure (packages). For example, cigarettes may have units of measure: "piece", "pack", "block", "box". Each unit of measurement (packaging) has its own conversion factor relative to the base unit. Each unit of measure can have its own barcode and its own weight.
For the unit of measurement, its name is set ("Name") and its correspondence is determined in relation to the reference book "Classifier of units of measurement" ("Unit by classifier").
One of the units of measure is defined in the item form for the item as the storage unit for the stock. This unit of measure stores the balance of goods in the system. The balance storage unit is used as the default unit of measure when selecting item items in a document. At the same time, the configuration allows you to write out item positions in documents in any unit of measurement from among those entered for this item. In addition to the unit of storage of residues, one more unit of measure can be assigned, in which quantitative indicators will be displayed in reports - a unit for reports. Information in reports can be displayed both in the base unit of measure, in the balance storage unit and in the reporting unit.
Table 9
Description of the fields of the screen form of the reference book "Units of measurement"
3.2.1.1.2.10 Directory "GTE numbers"
This directory stores the numbers of all cargo customs declarations for which imported goods have ever arrived. In addition to the GTD number, this directory contains a comment that can be used to store various kinds of additional information about the GTD. The directory has a single-level structure. Editing and entering new elements is done directly in the form of a directory list. The directory is used when filling in the CCD numbers in the "Nomenclature" directory and when filling out documents (in particular, invoices issued).
Accounting for customs declaration numbers can be detailed to the level of different product series. That is, for each serial number of one item of the nomenclature, you can assign your own customs declaration number. That is, in the general case, for one item of the nomenclature, as many different CCD numbers can be set as the number of items listed in the "Nomenclature Series" reference book for this nomenclature item.
When registering the receipt of goods, when specifying the series of the stock item, the CCD number defined for it is automatically set. If the customs declaration number for the item series is not set, then the number set for the item item in the main form is taken.
Table 10
Description of the fields of the screen form of the directory "GTE Numbers"
| Field name | Filling method |
| Number | Manual input |