Unions with homogeneous members of the proposal. Unions with homogeneous members of the proposal Union and with homogeneous can be

UNION

Union- this is a service part of speech, which serves to connect homogeneous members of a sentence, parts complex sentence, as well as individual sentences in the text. Unions do not change and are not members of the proposal.

Of Education unions are:

1) non-derivatives (primitives), that is, those that are not related by origin to other parts of speech: a, but, or, yes and;

2) derivatives (non-derivatives) formed by:

By connecting non-derivative unions: as if,

By connecting a demonstrative word from the main part and a simple union: in order to,

By connecting a union with a word with a generalized meaning: as long as,

Historically from other parts of speech: for now, though, to.

By structure distinguish unions:

1) simple, consisting of one word: ah, because, to;

2) composite, consisting of several components: since, while.

By use unions are divided into:

1) single (non-repeating): but, but, however, on the other hand;

2) repeating, which consist of the same parts ( neither...nor, that...that, or...or, either...or).

3) double (two-component) unions, parts of which are located at a distance with an obligatory or optional second part: not so much ... as, not only ... but also; if...then, when...then, barely...how.

According to the nature of syntactic relations, expressed by them, unions are divided into: 1) coordinating: and, and, but, even, but, however,;

2) subordinate: although, so that, if, therefore.

Coordinating conjunctions connect equal parts. They connect homogeneous members of a sentence, parts of a complex sentence, sentences in the text.

Coordinating conjunctions, depending on the meanings conveyed, are grouped into ranks by meaning.

Classification of coordinating unions by meaning

Name	Unions	Examples
Connecting	and, yes (=and), also, also, neither ... nor and etc.	1. Grasshoppers crackle dryly, and* lulls, and worried about this whisper-crack(I. Bunin). 2. Peter got up too got up.*
Dividing	or, either, then ... that, not that ... not that and etc.	1. They harnessed the horse, threw two on the cart or three knots, a bed and a wooden trestle bed - that's all the household(V. Rasputin). 2. *That* cold, then* very hot, then the sun will hide then shining too bright*(I. Krylov).
opposing	but, but, yes (= but), however, but, the same and etc.	1. I will laugh with everyone a I don't want to cry with anyone(M. Lermontov). 2. They click on us, drive us home from the cold, but* we are not leaving*(V. Astafiev).
gradation	not only ... but also, not so much ... how much, not that ... but, etc.	I.E. Repin has repeatedly stated that Leonid Andreev Not only* appearance, but also character reminds him of one of the most charming Russian writers - Garshin*(K. Chukovsky).
Explanatory	that is, namely, or (= that is) and etc.	He belonged to the number of young people who, at every exam, "played tetanus", i.e* did not answer a word to the questions of the professor*(I. Turgenev).
Connecting	yes and, moreover, moreover and etc.	When the exhausted musicians stopped playing, the excitement caused by the music disappeared and I felt that I was about to fall, yes and would have fallen if there had not been a timely stop for rest(V. Garshin).

Subordinating conjunctions combine unequal components and indicate the dependence of one of these components on the other. They connect mainly parts of a complex sentence, but can also be used in simple sentence for connection of homogeneous members: The book is interesting, although a bit long.. Unions as, as if, as if, than connect homogeneous and heterogeneous members of the sentence: In winter, the night is longer than the day; The pond is like a mirror.

The categories of subordinating conjunctions are varied in meaning.

Classification of subordinating conjunctions by meaning

Name	Unions	Examples
Explanatory	what, to, as if and etc.	1. It seemed what* multi-colored shreds are strewed on the ground(Yu. Olesha). 2. My goal was to visit Old Street*(I. Bunin).
Temporary	when, until, since, just, barely and etc.	1. In the frosty air the first chime of the bell rang out, when* Makar entered the hut(V. Korolenko). 2. So the hut will be twisted, Bye will not collapse at all or will not wait for a good owner*(V. Rasputin).
Causal	because, because, since, due to the fact that, due to the fact that and etc.	And now it was difficult for a foreign stranger to fight with a simple local tune, because* she appeared to a blind boy, accompanied by all kindred Ukrainian nature*(V. Korolenko).
Target	in order to, in order to, in order to and etc.	1. Then, to to reward themselves for a dreary day, the passengers huddled together with the sailors in the wardroom(I. Bunin). 2. *In order to* to raise real men, you need to raise real women(V. Sukhomlinsky).
Conditional	if, if, if... then, whether and etc.	*If a* you will successfully choose a job and put your soul into it, then* happiness will find you*(K. Ushinsky).
concessions	despite the fact that although and etc.	1. There was no time to enjoy the view although* the look deserved it(Yu. Olesha). 2. The horse began to get tired, and sweat rolled down from him, despite the fact that he was constantly waist-deep in snow*(A. Pushkin).
Comparative	as, as if, as if, as if, as if, exactly and etc.	The flame appeared in one second, as if* someone let sunbeams into the crowd(Yu. Olesha). Comparative conjunctions can add a comparative turn: Thunder jumped as ball, and rolled in the wind*(Yu. Olesha).
Consequences	so	Everything goes according to plan, so act boldly.

These examples of subordinating conjunctions can be supplemented with compound subordinating conjunctions, for example: while, as if, only, in connection with the fact that, for the purpose of and others (see above). Some unions are ambiguous and can be assigned to several categories, for example to(target and explanatory), when(temporary and conditional).

Connecting conjunctions: and, yes (meaning and), neither ... nor.

Conjunctions and, yes, can be either single or repeated. Single unions indicate the exhaustive nature of the enumeration: The sky was there purple, warm and affectionate(M. G.); As our comrades, we took a damask knife and the dark night(P.). Repeating unions emphasize, firstly, the incompleteness of the series and, secondly, express the meaning of amplification: In it [in the voice] there was genuine deep passion, and youth, and strength, and sweetness, and some kind of fascinatingly carefree sad sorrow(T.); Only mallows, marigolds, and twisted panych bloomed here and there in the yards(Pan.).

Union and can connect homogeneous members in groups: Strongly slowed down our movement head wind and fogs, sudden rains and frequent thunderstorms; New brief notes appeared in the notebook, and it was strange to Semyon himself how these whole months of expectations and worries, dozens of rains and dawns, greenish dews and yellowish hot winds fit into a few lines of dry text(Sol.). Such groups, in turn, can be united by a repeating alliance: Among the rivers there are both large and small, and calm and violent, and fast and slow. The union cannot be considered repeated if it connects different homogeneous members of the sentence: The sea forever and incessantly rustles and splashes(Gonch.).

The union neither ... nor is always repeated in modern Russian, it is used in negative sentences, acting as a union and with an amplifying meaning: There was no safety either on the road or in the villages(P.); I have no right to risk either people or the ship(Paust.); No train station, no taxi and nothing today(Sol.).

Opposite conjunctions: a, but, yes (meaning but), although, although not, but, however,. Union a is usually used in case of negation of one of the concepts and approval of the second: It's been not seven, but twelve whole years(T.). Unions but, although they are used to denote compatible concepts, but with a touch of restriction or concession: It was simple, but in trench conditions funny humor(Sim.); Through the gloomy, though fresh smile of fading nature, the gloomy fear of the near winter seemed to creep in.(T.). However, the union but can also convey a simple opposition of concepts, like the union a (if there is a negation): Before us stood not just a church, but a work of art(Sol.). Conjunction yes, which has a colloquial coloring, connects homogeneous members of a sentence with a negatively restrictive connotation of meaning: Our voivode was fat in his family, but he was not simple in his family(Cr.).

The union, however, is close in meaning to the union but: I hesitated a bit, but sat down(T.). The union, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of substitution: Our shelter is small, but calm(L.).

Properly coordinating unions are the union and and its semantic-syntactic equivalents, fixing the same (semantic and syntactic) relation of the components connected by them to the third. As for unions, but, however, and especially although, they impose additional shades of meaning on the relationship of combined word forms, in addition to the actual compositions. For example, in a sentence He read expressively, though slowly. the member of the sentence slowly refers to the circumstance expressively rather than directly to the verb read, i.e. the parallel connection here between homogeneous members is complicated by their own syntactic relationships with the element of subordination of the second component (cf. the impossibility of establishing purely composing relationships here: He read expressively and slowly).

Separating unions: or, either, then ... then, not that ... not that, either ... either, or ... whether, or else.

Unions or, or, and then (and then - single; or - single or repeating; or - more often repeated) indicate the possibility of choosing only one of the concepts: Other owners have already grown cherries, or lilacs, or jasmine(Fad.); Each of the Russian huts must have their own “facial expression”, which can be either stern, or pathetic, or kind, or sad(Sol.); The breath of the sleeping people was heard from the chamber, sometimes someone’s dull night sigh was heard, and then a slight groan(Bend.). A repeating alliance this ... that indicates a sequential alternation of phenomena: Dasha sat down in a large armchair, now sideways, then cross-legged(A.N.T.).

The repeated union whether ... whether has a delimiting enumeration value: Whether it’s a gouge, a herring, a castle, a king pin, or something more expensive - everything at Polikey Ilyich found a place for itself(L. T.).

Recurring alliances not that ... not that, either ... or express uncertainty or indicate the difficulty of choice: Black arable land stretches beyond the plain, over which either rooks or jackdaws are full of(Ch.); More by imagination than by sight, something dark is guessed aside: either a forest, or a village(Sol.); Following this, some strange sounds were heard, similar either to distant singing, or to the cries of flying swans.(Prishv.).

Comparative(gradational) unions: like ... so and, not only ... but also, if not ... then, although ... but, not so much ... how much, not that ... but, not that ... a and etc.

These unions are always double, they unite two homogeneous members, which are compared with each other, compared in some respect, and this meaning is often conveyed with the help of gradation: the significance of the second component of the composed series in relation to the first is enhanced, increased, or, conversely, is weakening.

Additional shades of meanings conveyed by such unions are diverse: for example, more or less equivalent concepts can be compared: ... I do not have the right to sell them during his lifetime, although I can pawn them both in the treasury and in private hands(P.); Conversation is a charm, both thoughts and their brilliant image. expressions(P.); the comparison may indicate a greater likelihood, greater significance of the second member of the sentence, or the predominance of the phenomenon named by him: Kiprensky wanted to be brilliant not only in painting, but also in Everyday life (Paust.); Not only hunters, but also fishermen are also waiting for the right time of the year, sorting through and reviewing hunting equipment and fishing gear almost every day.(Sol.); His face [foreman] strangely perked up - I was already waiting, if not for a story, then at least for an approving, sympathetic word(T.); The morning was not so much cold as damp and foggy.(S.-SH.); the second of the compared homogeneous terms can clarify the insufficient certainty of the first: Today, not only a soldier, but I saw peasants ...(L. T.); In the mornings in our hut it was not only smoky, but somehow gloomy(Bend.).

Most of the unions used with homogeneous members are stylistically neutral. However, some of them, for example, yes (meaning and and but), at least, not that ... not that, either ... or are usually used in colloquial style, others, in particular comparative ones, are used in book styles.

Prepositions with homogeneous members of the sentence

Homogeneous members of a sentence can have the same prepositions: Mists rose from the fields, from the meadows, from the waters and melted into the azure sky(Shv.); Semyon watched the sun, icicles, clouds, thawed patches and, of course, the barometer, tapping on it with his bent index finger many times a day(Sol.).

If homogeneous members have the same prepositions, then they can be omitted in the interests of euphony, for example: From Moscow I went to Kaluga, Belev and Orel(P.); And another time, suddenly, with a roar and a splash, an old alder fell into the river(Paust.). Different prepositions cannot be omitted, for example: Between the windows and along the walls hung about a dozen tiny wooden cages.(T.); There were many guys. From Presnya, from the Kropotkin Gates, from the center, from Sokolniki, from the Arbat, - loud, lively, fighting people(Antok.). Identical prepositions are not omitted under the following contextual conditions: a) if there are repeating unions with homogeneous members, for example: And now, shrugging from the cold, the student thought that exactly the same wind was under Rurik, and under Ivan the Terrible, and under Peter(Ch.); b) if there is an opposing union, for example: Phalanx after phalanx, in battle formation, and only not with guns, but with iron shovels, ropes, bags, baskets and all such weapons suitable for fighting water, the canal army moved to the place of the breakthrough(Shv.); c) if homogeneous members are connected by double comparative unions, for example: The idleness of recent times had a strong effect both on his dress and on his appearance: the dress was worn out, his face too.(Ch.); d) if homogeneous members carry dependent words, for example: Levitan suffered from the cold, from the slippery clay of the Volga banks, from the inability to write in the air(Paust.).

With a large accumulation of homogeneous members with different and identical prepositions, their group associations are possible (different prepositions are not omitted; identical ones are either omitted or not omitted depending on contextual conditions), for example: The Cossack spends most of his time on cordons, hiking, relaxing or fishing(L. T.); First in the garden, then behind it, then even further, along paths, in oak forests, in clearings and meadows, ruby, sapphire, topaz lights lit up, singly and in batches, gradually laying out the night with colored beads.(Nab.).

Generalizing units with homogeneous members of a sentence

With homogeneous members are often used generalizing units. These are words, phrases and syntactic associations, which are a generalized name for the phenomena of reality, indicated specifically by a number of homogeneous members. An explanatory relationship is established between generalizing units and homogeneous members. In the logical and semantic terms, generalizing units and series of homogeneous members are correlated as "genus - species", "whole - parts". For example: The game includes not only birds, but also animals, such as: bears, deer, wild boars, wild goats and hares(Ax.); Aksakov would have turned out a kind of trilogy: fishing, hunting itself and mushrooms(Sol.).

Very often, pronouns and pronominal adverbs with a wide general meaning: everything, everywhere, everywhere etc. For example: Bright scenery, the light of oil lamps, the clatter of knightly armor, the thunder of music, like the thunder of battle, the tears of princesses with blue eyelashes, red-bearded villains clutching the handles of serrated swords, the dances of girls in air dresses - all this does not resemble reality in any way and, of course, can only happen in a fairy tale(Paust.); In the lobby, in the corridors, in the offices - people crowded everywhere(Pop)

Generalizing units with respect to a number of homogeneous members can be in preposition and postposition, their logical-semantic relationships with a number of homogeneous members do not change from this: on the one hand, we have a generalized name for the facts of reality, on the other hand, a concretized one, cf.: Above you, all around you - fog everywhere(T.). - Fog is everywhere: above you, all around you. - Everywhere: above you, around you - fog. However, the syntactic relations between them depend on the order of arrangement: with the postposition of homogeneous members, explanatory relations arise, with the postposition of the generalizing unit - actually generalizing, summing up. The following are used as generalizing units: a) separate words: Winter was felt in everything - in the short day, the smell of snow and early lit signal lights(Paust.); The winter during which she came to us was the only one we spent in the village, and everything was new and cheerful - both felt boots, and snowmen, and giant blue icicles hanging from the roof of a red barn, and the smell of frost and tar, and the roar of stoves in the rooms of the estate(Nab.); b) subordinate phrases: Across a large yard ... awkwardly scattered courtyard buildings: outbuilding, servants' room, bathhouse, stable, poultry house and cowshed, long barn, carriage house(Shol.); She settled herself somewhere in the cold: on the porch, on the threshold of the cellar or just on the grass(Gonch.); c) coordinating rows of words: In the darkness of the night, villages and villages float past: Vasilievka, Kuchino, Glukhovo, Antsifirovo, Nazherovo, Borisovo, Shunovo ...(Sol.); the peculiarity of generalizing units of this type is that they denote the totality of facts of reality in a differentiated way, in such cases, part of the homogeneous members correlates with one of the members of the generalizing unit, and the other part with another; d) phraseological expressions: Kovtun and Levashov sat in the landings at the observation post and, dangling their legs into the trench, had breakfast with what God sent: stale bread, boiled eggs and cheese taken with them(Sim.); syntactic constructions with a predicative or semi-predicative explanatory part: Or maybe they just helped him. those peculiar character traits that he brought with him from the depths of the provincial south: cunning, observation, serene and open tone of speech, natural tendency to humor(Cupr.); Only vaguely remembered obstacles that stood in the way of his movement: a golden trunk of a felled pine, flowing with amber resin, a pile of logs ...(B. Paul); predicative and semi-predicative units can be combined in one generalizing unit: In front of me sits a man of average height with a young, but already tired face, which, in addition to his will, reflects inhuman trials, sleepless nights, the habit of nearby death - everything that has been accompanying people who have come to war from the first day for twelve months(Sim.).

The structural and semantic feature of all generalizing units that are not equal to a word (except, of course, units that are a composed series of word forms or units of a phraseologized type) is that they are one way or another widespread and, therefore, have a basic generalizing word or a syntactically indecomposable phrase. The supporting word is distributed either by a subordinate word form, or by a separate turnover (definitive, comparative, etc.), or by a whole adnexal part(or even a group of subordinate clauses). For example: The whole estate of Chertopkhanov consisted of four dilapidated log cabins of various sizes, namely: from an outbuilding, a stable, a barn and a bathhouse(T.) - four dilapidated log cabins of various sizes; On them[paintings by Levitan] things familiar from childhood were depicted: haystacks blackened with dampness, small rivers circling fallen leaves in slow whirlpools, lonely golden birches not yet upholstered by the wind, a sky like thin ice, shaggy rains over forest fellings(Paust.) - things familiar from childhood; On the walls hung pictures cut out of books and magazines: cavaliers from the time of Louis XIV, beauties in crinolines, knights, Russian women in sundresses, sailors and Vikings with oak wreaths on their heads.(Paust.) - pictures cut from books and magazines; On a wide counter, in special showcases, such things were beautifully laid out, the purpose of which he could hardly determine: tattoos, pieces of ribbons, bows, scarves, scarves, dyed feathers ...(M.-Sib.) - such things whose purpose he could hardly determine.

Generalizing words or combinations perform the function of the same members in the sentence as the listed homogeneous ones, i.e. homogeneous members, together with generalizing units, occupy one (or the same) syntactic position.

Question: Observe what other unions can be used with homogeneous members. Read the proverbs. What is common in their meaning? And in the structure? Do not hurry with your tongue, but do not be lazy in deeds. Do not hurry with your tongue, but hurry with your deeds. Talk less, do more. What role do unions play in them a, but, yes: they only connect or, connecting, oppose? Make diagrams of the main members of these sentences

Observe what other unions can be used with homogeneous members. Read the proverbs. What is common in their meaning? And in the structure? Do not hurry with your tongue, but do not be lazy in deeds. Do not hurry with your tongue, but hurry with your deeds. Talk less, do more. What role do unions play in them a, but, yes: they only connect or, connecting, oppose? Make diagrams of the main members of these sentences

Answers:

uh uh i don't understand

Unions with homogeneous members of the proposal. Unions with homogeneous members of the proposal Union and with homogeneous can be

not only ... but also, not so much ... how much, not that ... but, etc.

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