1. Composition of the territory
1.1. EGP (economic geographical position)
1.2. GWP (Political Geographic Location)
2. Natural conditions and resources
3. Population
4. general characteristics farms
5. Industry
5.1. Fuel and energy
5.2. Mining
5.3. Metallurgical
5.4. Engineering
5.5. Chemical
5.6. Forestry and woodworking
5.7. Light and food
6. Agriculture
6.1. crop production
6.2. animal husbandry
6.3. Fishing
7. Transport
7.1. Land
7.2. Water
7.3. Air
8. International economic relations
9. Economic and geographical differences
10. Environmental problems and ways to solve them
11. Recreational resources
12. List of used literature
1. The composition of the territory.
The Argentine Republic is a state in southern South America east of the Andes. In terms of area (2780.4 thousand sq. km), it is second only to Brazil. The territory, in addition to the mainland, includes the eastern part of the island of Tierra del Fuego and other small islands. The Falkland (Malvinas) Islands in the Atlantic Ocean are a disputed territory between Argentina and Great Britain.
The shores are scarcely indented, only the La Plata estuary cuts into the land for 320 kilometers. Its eastern shores are washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, and in the extreme south - by subantarctic waters. Three-quarters of its borders are land. They pass mainly along natural boundaries in the west - with Chile and in the north-west - with Bolivia - along the Andes; in the north and northeast - with Paraguay, Brazil and Uruguay - along the rivers Pilkomayo, Paraguay, Parana, Uruguay. The territory of Argentina is elongated in the meridional direction. Its greatest length from north to south is 3,700 km, and from west to east - 1,400 km, so the problem of overcoming distances is one of the important geographical features of the country. As already mentioned, in the east Argentina has a wide outlet to the Atlantic Ocean; coastline length - 2500 km. The large length of maritime borders played an important role in the development of its external economic relations.
1.1. Economic and geographical position.
Argentina is profitable economic situation, because:
1) It has extensive access to the ocean, so it has the opportunity to develop foreign economic relations with other countries, thanks to maritime transport.
2) The country has extensive land borders with neighboring states, with which it can conduct profitable trade relations.
1.2. Political and geographical position.
The political and geographical position of Argentina is, in principle, advantageous, since it has few borders with less developed states, and the country has a water border from the East. Argentina is removed from the hot spots of the world.
2. Natural resources and conditions.
Forests in Argentina occupy 12% of the land fund. The vegetation of Argentina is very diverse: from tropical forests to semi-deserts in Patagonia and Pune. The most valuable are the coniferous forests of Mesopotamia and the humid Andes, as well as the quebracho forests in the Chaco.
In the northern Mesopotamia, subtropical forests grow with a diverse species composition. Here you can find araucaria, cedro, lapacho with valuable wood. To the south, shrub vegetation predominates; swampy areas are covered with reeds, reeds, water lilies, and elevated and dry - meadows with a rich grass cover. There are sparse forests of acacias, mimosas, ostrich trees, along the banks of rivers - palm groves.
Towards the south, there are more open grassy areas, the southern part of the province of Entre Rios is a cereal prairie and already represents a transitional area to the Pampas.
The Dry Pampas are characterized by stunted trees, thorny bushes, and hard grasses. Similar vegetation is common in the arid west, in intermountain basins.
The fauna of Argentina, although not as rich and diverse as in other countries of Latin America, has many rare species. These include the pampas deer, pampas cat, magellanic dog. Almost all of these animals live in the Andes and their foothills, as well as in the sparsely populated region of Patagonia. In Pune there is a relic spectacled bear.
In the open semi-desert spaces of Patagonia and in the Chaco savannahs, a puma is common. There are many rodents and armadillos in open spaces. In the Chaco, Mesopotamia, Patagonia, nutrias and otters are widespread.
According to the structure of the surface, the country can be divided into two halves: flat - northern and eastern, elevated - western and southern.
The mighty Andes stretch along the entire western border of Argentina, raised mainly during the Alpine orogeny. They are distinguished by the complexity and diversity of the geological structure.
In the northwest, between the northern border of the country and 28o S. sh., at an altitude of 3000-4000 m lies a vast closed volcanic plateau - Pune. The mountains framing Pune from the east rise to 6500 m and end with majestic snowy peaks - nevados. South of 28°, the Andes narrow sharply. They reach their greatest height in the central part (between 32 and 37° S), where alpine pointed landforms predominate. The highest peaks of South America crowned with powerful snow caps rise here: Aconcagua (6960 m), Tupungato, Mercedaryo.
3. Population.
The population of Argentina is about 32.4 million people (1991) - these are Argentines, mainly immigrants from Spain, Italy, Central countries. Europe. But still, the vast majority of the population of Argentina are Hispanic Argentines. According to local laws, persons born in Argentina, regardless of the nationality of the parents, belong to the Argentine nation. On about. Tierra del Fuego preserved small groups (several dozen people) of Fuegians. Near the borders with Bolivia and Chile live mestizos who have preserved the Quechua language. Along the border with Paraguay live semi-nomadic tribes of Indians of the language families Tupi-Guarani, Mataco-Mataguayo, Guaikuru and others. The official language is Spanish. The dominant religion is Catholic.
Population growth for 1970-1996 was 1.5% on average per year. The economically active population is 9.4 million people (1976), including 36% employed in industry, 15% in agriculture, and 9% in transport. Persons of hired labor make up 72% of the economically active population (1971). 39% of the total number of people employed in industry is concentrated in handicraft production. In 1997, the unemployed accounted for 5% of the economically active population.
The average population density is over 9 people per 1 km2 (1976). It is concentrated mainly in the central and northern parts of the country, especially in the basin of the river. Parana, where the average density is about 11 people per 1 km2. Only 3% of the population lives in the south (0.7 people per 1 km2). The highest density is in the Buenos Aires region, approximately within a radius of 600 km (over 100 people per 1 km2).
For some reason, Argentina is called the silver country. And the capital Buenos Aires is another Paris. Although the streets here are arranged in a strict geometric order, and not intricately, as in France. However, be that as it may, the city is very beautiful. Argentina is one of the largest countries in South America. It stretches from north to south for almost 4,000 km. On such a vast territory there is almost everything that is necessary for recreation, and for every taste. These are sandy beaches, picturesque waterfalls, mountain peaks and snow-capped volcanoes, incredible glaciers and a diverse natural world.
Geography
Argentina (Argentina), the Argentine Republic (Republica Argentina), a state in the southeast of South America. It is washed from the east by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. It occupies the southeastern part of the mainland, the eastern part of the island of Tierra del Fuego and the islands adjacent to it (Estados, etc.). It borders with Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Chile. The area is 2767 thousand km2. Population 38.74 million (2003). Capital Buenos Aires. Large cities - Cordoba, Rosario, La Plata. The main seaports are Buenos Aires, Rosario, La Plata. In the southwestern part of the mountains is the Lake District. Almost the entire northern part of Argentina is occupied by the flat plateau of the Gran Chaco, a little to the south is the steppe region, called the Pampas in South America. In the south of Argentina stretches the rocky plateau of semi-desert Patagonia, which is cut by canyons. The main water artery of the country is the Parana River. It is the second longest river in South America. It flows into the Gulf of La Plata. The main tributaries of the Paraná are Paraguay and Uruguay. Geographically, Argentina is divided into four zones: the northeastern plains, the Pampa, Patagonia, and the Andes (mountainous region). Since Argentina has a large extent from north to south, it crosses several climatic zones at once - from the tropics to Antarctica itself. On the plains of the north, wet and dry subtropical evergreen forests grow. Steppe vegetation prevails in the Pampa region - low-growing trees, thorny bushes and tough grasses.
Time
It is 6 hours behind Moscow time in winter and 7 hours in summer.
Climate
The climate in Argentina varies from subtropical in the north to humid tropical in the center of the country and temperate in the south. The vast plains in the east of the country and the high wall of the Andes in the west lead to the fact that moist maritime air masses coming from the Atlantic Ocean pass almost unhindered over the entire territory of the country, pouring out on the slopes of the Andes with powerful rains. In the central regions, there is often a noticeable lack of precipitation. The average temperature in summer (January) in the northern regions is +28 C, in the center about +24 C and in the south +10 C. In winter (July), respectively +18 C, +15 C and +1 C. Precipitation falls from 100-300 mm per year in the flat areas of the west of the country, up to 1400-1600 mm in the northeast and on the mountain slopes. In winter, some inland areas are prone to drought. The Andes have a very varied climate. The eastern slopes of the mountains are characterized by rainy weather and frequent floods in the summer season, while the highlands sometimes receive no more than 200 mm of rain. The average temperatures here range from +26 C at the foot of the mountains to +4 C at high altitudes, while even within one day the temperature drops can reach 30 C. Dry hot winds of "probe" and "pamperos" are frequent, and over the plains of pampas and Powerful storms are not uncommon in Patagonia.
Language
The official language is Spanish. German, English, French and Italian are also widely used. More than 17 local languages and dialects are also used in everyday life.
Religion
The majority of the population of Argentina belong to the believers of the Roman Catholic Church. About 2% are Protestant and another 2% are Jewish. In recent decades, as in other Latin America, there has also been a rise in evangelical movements, which are converted variants of Catholicism. Although Jews make up only 2% of Argentina's population, Buenos Aires has the second largest Jewish population in the Americas after New York. Argentina also has the largest Muslim diaspora of all Latin American countries. Local Catholicism (especially in non-central areas) includes a lot of syncretism, such as religious holidays in the northwestern provinces, similar to pagan rites, Catholic icons with clear similarities to ancient Andean pagan idols. Worship of Pachamama is still widespread throughout the provinces of Salta and Jujuy.
Population
Today in Argentina, population dynamics is determined by natural growth: its rate - 1.2% in the mid-90s - is the lowest in Latin America and tends to decrease. This is also reflected in the dynamics of the age structure of the population, which is changing towards a decrease in the proportion of young ages (under 15 years old) and an increase in older ones (over 65 years old). The former make up ~30% today, and the latter ~10% of the population. The average life expectancy in the country is 71 years. In terms of socio-economic indicators of life, Argentina is ahead of many countries in Latin America: only 4% of the population over the age of 15 is illiterate. Infant mortality is 29 per 1,000 births. More than 87% of the total population lives in the country's cities today, and more than 2/5 of the urban population is in Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires, with ~12 million inhabitants, is one of the 10 largest agglomerations in the world. The rural population is small. This is largely due to the dominance of large landownership, which closes access to land, and the predominance of livestock specialization. Agriculture requiring relatively few workers. Therefore, Argentina is sometimes called an agrarian country without peasants.
Electricity
220 W. Sockets with round European-type plugs are used.
Emergency Phones
Department of Tourism Security (Defensoria del Turista) - 4302-7816
Ambulance and police - 101
Fire Department - 107
Reference - 110
Connection
Telephone code 54, Buenos Aires - 11.
To call Russia, you can use pay phones. The cost of a call to Moscow is approximately $2/minute. Dialing order: 00 + 7 (Russian code) + area code + phone number. Only work in Argentina mobile phones GSM 1900 standard.
Currency exchange
Banks and exchange offices are open from Monday to Friday from 10.00 to 15.00. Currency can be exchanged in all banks and large shopping centers, hotels and specialized exchange offices. Most banks and exchange offices use a ticket system - instead of standing in line, you get a ticket with a number and then you just wait for the queue to approach. This procedure takes quite a long time. In large retail outlets, gas stations, hotels and restaurants in the capital, American Express, Visa, Master Card and Eurocard credit cards are accepted for payment. Traveler's checks can be exchanged at banks or at exchange offices (usually there is a better rate). To avoid additional exchange costs, it is recommended to take travelers checks in US dollars with you. In the province, the use of non-cash means of payment is problematic.
Visa
Citizens of Russia do not need a visa to travel to Argentina for a period not exceeding 90 days within six months. The purpose of the visit may be tourism, transit, visiting friends or relatives. In the case of a trip for the purpose of work, study, and also if you plan to stay in the country for more than 90 days, a visa must be issued in advance, at the consular department of the Argentine Embassy in Moscow.
Crossing the border
When crossing the border, you must present the following documents:
- a passport valid for the entire trip;
- tickets in both directions;
- confirmation of sufficient funds for the entire stay (cash, plastic cards, travelers checks, etc.)
Customs regulations
Import and export of national and foreign currencies is not limited. Amount over $10,000 must be declared. Gold and gold items must also be included in the declaration. Persons over the age of 18 are allowed duty-free import of: cigarettes - up to 400 pcs. or cigars - up to 50 pcs., alcoholic drinks - up to 2 liters, canned food - up to 5 kg., souvenirs and gifts in the amount of not more than $ 300, other items and things - within the limits of personal needs. Passengers under the age of 18 are allowed to import half of the specified limits. When importing in quantities exceeding the duty-free import rate, a duty of 50% of their value is levied. The import of non-canned food products (meat and meat products, cheese, bread, vegetables and fruits) is prohibited. The import and export without special permission of objects and things of historical, artistic or archaeological value, as well as firearms and ammunition, is prohibited. It is allowed to export wool and leather products, jewelry and souvenirs within the limits of personal needs, while you need to present a receipt from the store where these products were purchased. When exporting fur products, a receipt and an export stamp are required.
Holidays and non-working days
January 1 - New Year
March-April - Easter and Easter holidays
April 4 - Malvinas Day
May 1 - Labor Day
May 25 - anniversary of the May Revolution
June 20 - National Flag Day
July 9 - Independence Day
August 17 - anniversary of the death of General José de San Martin
October 12 - Day of the Americas (Columbus Day)
December 8 - Feast of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
December 25 - Christmas
Transport
Airplane
Air travel is the easiest way to travel around the country, but tickets are difficult to get, and flight delays are possible. It is better to book tickets in advance. Aerolineas Argentinas sells "Visit Argentina Pass" tickets for 30 days (for 4-8 flights within the country).
The airport tax is approximately 4-12 dollars, but this figure often changes. 
Train
Children under 3 years old can ride for free, children from 3 to 11 years old - for half the price of an adult ticket. There are 3 passenger classes - air-conditioned carriages, first and second. The dining car and berths are only available to first class passengers. Traveling second class is the best. Six main routes: Buenos Aires-Rosario (Buenos Aires-Rosario) - with two branches, one of which leads to Tucuman (Tucuman) and Jujuy (Jujuy) via Cordoba (Сordoba), the other - to Tucuman and Jujuy via La Banda (La Banda), Buenos Aires - Rojas (Buenos Aires - Rojas), Buenos Aires - Santa Rosa (Buenos Aires - Santa Rosa), Buenos Aires - Mar del Plata (Buenos Aires - Mar del Plata), Buenos Aires - Las Flores - Keken - Necochea (Buenos Aires - Las Flores - Queque - Necochea), and Buenos Aires - Bahia Blanca (Buenos Aires - Bahia Blanca) - with a branch leading to San Carlos de Bariloche (San Carlos de Bariloche). For those traveling by train, it is important to know that it is difficult to get route information outside of Buenos Aires.
The Argempass discount card entitles passengers to unlimited travel in first class, but is only sold at Argentinean train ticket offices. You can purchase cards for 30, 60 or 90 days. There is an additional charge for the sleeping car. The card must be used within 30 days from the date of purchase - the period of use ends at 24.00 of the last day. Other discount cards: Group Pass - 10-25% discount for groups of 10-25 people, Family Pass - 25% discount for 1 parent with 1-2 children, Youth Pass - for young people under the age of 30, Senior Pass - discount 25% for women over 55 and for men over 60, and Student Pass - 25% discount for students.
Motor transport
After privatization, many highways have been improved. Tolls apply on motorways. Although rural roads can be difficult to drive after rain, buses are considered more suitable for long journeys than trains. Movement is right-handed. In Argentina, there are a lot of companies that allow you to rent a car. This requires an International Driving Permit bearing the seal of the Argentinean Automobile Club (Automovil Club Argentino).
public transport
Public transport runs regularly in Argentina. Argentine subway (subte) - the first built in Latin America. It has recently been privatized and its old stations, whose walls are lined with ceramic tiles depicting scenes from Argentine history, are being actively renovated. The metro runs from early morning until late at night, the fare is fixed. Tokens can be purchased at metro ticket offices. Mini-buses (colectivo) run 24 hours a day, the fare is small, fixed. Although the mini-buses are often crowded, especially during rush hours, they can get you to your destination fairly quickly. Buses also run in other cities (and even trolleybuses in Rosario). Taxis are common in almost all cities, they can be stopped on the street or ordered at the parking lot. Argentine taxis are easily recognizable by their yellow roofs.
Tips
In restaurants, 5-10% of the bill, porter, taxi driver, as well as in gratitude for indicating a place or direction in the amount of about a dollar.
The shops
Gifts typically include wicker rugs, gaucho souvenirs, sheepskins, wines, guitars, art, handicrafts, maté drinking equipment such as gourds and bombillas (a metal straw with a filter at the base), and vicuña clothing (high-quality wool made from similar creature lame). In Argentina, you can also buy a pair of gaucho trousers - bombachas, or ponchos. In Buenos Aires, most of the upscale shops are located along Calle Florida and Avenida Santa Fe, where you can buy leather clothes and shoes, or order an exclusive suit. Also for lovers of shopping tours in the city there are many markets and department stores. You can bargain a little and get what you looked for in a department store for a better price in the market. Palermo Viejo is often recommended as an area with great boutiques that sell only talented designers, tailor-made suits and are famous for chic lingerie and accessories.
Shop opening hours: Monday to Friday - 9:00 - 19:30, and on Saturday - 9:00 - 13:00.
National cuisine
Argentines are very fond of delicious food, so in all major cities, especially in Buenos Aires, most restaurants and cafes are open all day and until late at night. According to South American standards, the level of service in local restaurants is very high. Accordingly, it will be very difficult for you to find any significant dish for less than 10 pesos (one US dollar is approximately equal to three Argentine pesos).
Going to this country, you can be sure that during your stay here you will always eat high quality and extremely tasty. In all restaurants, dishes are pleasantly surprised by their size, and side dishes for meat are always almost as tasty as the main course. It's impossible to leave hungry. Cheap hotels, however, are stingy with breakfast: you'll be lucky if you get more than just tea or coffee, some jam and butter, and small but nutritious croissants, which are very popular among the local population. But you yourself have chosen this place to stay. It is unlikely that you will find any restaurant open until 8.00 am, and in the hotter months (and in Buenos Aires - all year round) - very few people open their restaurants before 10.00 and 11.00. If you get hungry during the day, then in any cafe you can order minutas (instant breakfasts). Lomito (lomito) is a sandwich with a large juicy chop; and chivito (chivito) is the same sandwich, only with the difference that the piece of beef in it is much smaller. Also in cafes, tostado sandwiches are very popular, filled with melted cheese and fried ham, they are sometimes also called carlitos. But in the afternoon it is better not to eat up, as in Argentina it is customary to have a very dense and plentiful dinner. And meat is one of the main dishes on the table. In the best Argentine restaurants, meat is prepared in the same way as it was customary among the Argentine guacho shepherds: right on the street in front of the entrance on the hearth with hot coals. Here you can fry a whole carcass or grill sausages on the grill. A traditional Argentine dinner parrilla (grill restaurant) necessarily begins with fried chorizo sausages, which are served with some kind of salad, empanadas pies and chimichurri sauce (salsa). But all this abundance is only a prelude to the main dish - beef with blood. If you order meat in a restaurant and they bring it to you, in order to try the fried piece, you will have to repeat the magic words to the waiter twice: "bien echo".
A few more useful words from the tourist's dictionary: bife de lomo - the best lean cuts of the back of beef; bife de choriso - a piece of meat cut from the lower ribs up to the back (the most popular, average-priced dish); bife de costia - brisket, meat on the ribs; wasio - juicy sirloin or pieces cut from the inside "behind the ribs"; tiro de asado - carbonate pieces cut from the saddle. All this meat splendor should be washed down exclusively with Argentine wines. They are simply amazing, and also absolutely inexpensive. Low alcohol drinks are very popular among the population of all ages, although in general it should be noted that in Argentina every year there are fewer and fewer people who drink alcohol, despite the fact that the level of wine consumption remains very high. There are a number of companies in the country that produce such drinks, the main producer, perhaps, is Paso de los Toros.
Attractions
Buenos Aires
The sights of Buenos Aires are the La Boca district, the historical zone of the San Telmo district with a huge number of bars and an antiques market on Plaza Dorrego, the "heart of the city" - the Plaza de Mayo square (the largest shopping area in the world), the square Plaza de La Republica with an obelisk in honor of the declaration of independence of Argentina, the oldest building in the city - the Cabildo Town Hall (now a museum), the Metropolitan Cathedral (the national hero of the country, Jose de San Martin, is buried here), the presidential palace of Casa Rosada ( "Pink House"), Plaza del Congresso with the monumental Los dos Congressos Fountain and Congress Building, El Pilar Church, De Santo Domingo Basilica, San Ignacio Church (the oldest in the city), colonial era tunnels , the famous Colon Theater (1890-1908) - the center of opera and ballet art throughout South America, as well as Cesar Park. In general, there are quite a lot of parks in the city, many of which are literally squeezed among skyscrapers, but are carefully guarded by local residents.
Noteworthy are the La Costanera embankment, stretching along La Plata to Costanera Norte, the old aristocratic cemeteries of Recoleta and La Chacarita (they are worth seeing if only for the numerous tombstones made with amazing skill), the former port warehouses, and now the district of restaurants and offices - Puerto Madero, Cervantes Theatre, Japanese Garden and Zoo in the green quarter of Palermo, Ecological Reserve on Avenue Cordoba, Plaza San Martin with a statue of this national hero, the colorful market of Puerto de Frutos, avenida Nueve de Julio ("9th of July Avenue", the widest street in the world), the fashionable shops of Santa Fe Avenue and the Matadores area, where traditional bullfights are held. 
There are 120 museums in Buenos Aires. Argentines are proud of their history, so this number of museums here does not surprise anyone. Visit the Museum of Natural Sciences, the Museum of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Decorative Arts, the International Art Gallery, the Fernandez Blanco Museum (Museum of Colonial Art), the Museum of Latin American Art, the Casa Rosada Palace Museum, the largest Exhibition Center of the Agricultural Society in Latin America, cultural centers San Martin and Ricoleto, the Cinema Museum, the National Historical Museum, the Model Museum, the Caricature Museum, the Libra Museum and many others.
pampas
Pampa occupies the center and north of Argentina. These are thousands of square kilometers of tall grass, constantly swaying under the gusts of wind, hundreds of farms and small towns, rivers, swamps and desert areas. Tourists here are attracted by the city of Luján, whose basilica La Virgen de Luján receives 4 million pilgrims a year, Rosario and Santa Fe, famous throughout the country for their many museums, churches and fading buildings of the colonial era, as well as many provincial cities. In the northernmost regions adjacent to Paraguay, a large proportion of the Indian population has been preserved. In the province of Misiones, dense tropical vegetation hides numerous old Jesuit missions, such as the famous San Ignacio Mini near the provincial capital, Pasadas. Also interesting are the suspension bridge and the fort in Corrientes, Wanda with a mining mine precious stones, as well as the "Park of emigrants" in Auber.
Salta
Salta is a beautiful Argentine city located at an altitude of 1190 m above sea level, north of San Miguel de Tucuman, near the Bolivian border. Salta could have remained a provincial town if not for the main attraction - the statues of the Virgin Mary and Christ the Wonderworker (XVI century), located in the Cathedral of San Francisco. Thousands of believers visit Salta in the hope of looking at the miraculous statues, which are credited with the ability to cure diseases and stop earthquakes. Also worth visiting in Salta is the Town Hall (now it houses the Historical Museum), the picturesque central square, the Cathedral, numerous Jesuit churches, the monastery of San Bernardo, the house of Uriburu, the pedestrian alley of La Florida and the bustling market where you can find authentic works of traditional folk crafts. Every Saturday, El Tren a las Nubes (Train in the Clouds) departs from Salta - a comfortable train connecting the provincial capital with the town of San Antonio de los Cobres, lost in the mountains.
Cordoba
Cordoba is the second largest city in Argentina, surpassing the capital in many ways. In 1573, Geronimo Luis de Cabrera founded the city at the crossroads of the main routes from Chile and the Peruvian Alta to Buenos Aires, naming it Córdoba La Liana de La Nueva Andalusia. Since then, with the assistance of the Jesuit monks, the city has developed rapidly - the second University of the Continent - Universidad San Carlos (1621) was founded here, beautiful ensembles of buildings from colonial times - Santa Catalina and Jesus Maria, the old market, Catholic Iglesia Cathedral, the Jesuit Church of De la Compacha, one of the best in the country, the Provincial Historical Museum of Marcus de Sobremonte, and much more. To the west of Cordoba, the highest mountains of Argentina already begin - the Central Sierra and the somewhat smaller, but no less picturesque Sierras Cordoba range. Nearby lie the most beautiful valley of Calamuchita with the resort of Villa General Belgrano, one of the most beautiful Jesuit "estancias" of the country - Camino de la Historia ("route of history") with the luxurious museum of the Museo Gesuitico Nacional San Isidro Labrador and Villa Tolumba with a fine church. Well, a little to the west, the great Andes are already stretching, whose glaciers feed the numerous rivers of the region. This is the land of magnificent landscapes, harsh climate, llamas and active species sports.
Resorts
Bariloche
Bariloche resort - the most popular ski resort in Argentina, located in the south of Argentina, in Patagonia, at an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level. The slopes are located on the slopes of the mountains Otto and Catedral with a height difference from 2388 to 1400 m. To a greater extent, the resort is designed for beginners and intermediate skiers. The cathedral is considered the most modern winter sports center in South America, with about 70 km. trails on 200 hectares, and more than 20 ski lifts.
In the summer, in Bariloche, on the local lake, you can hunt and fish, take an excursion to the myrtle grove, of which there are no more than 5 in the whole world, and in these places it occupies 17 hectares of land.
Baio
Bayo is 9 km away. from Villa La Angostura and is considered an ideal place for winter sports. Altitude: 1500 m, about 20 pistes, 11 ski lifts, including snowboard and cross-country ski lifts, as well as an excellent hotel base. . The longest descent is 5 km. There are separate tracks for snowboarders. The average season is July 3 - 9, the high season is July 10 - 30. 
Penitentes
The resort of Penitentes is 167 km away. from Mendoza, in the middle of the Andes, next to the international highway to Chile. The town itself lies at an altitude of 2580 meters above sea level, and 26 of its tracks are laid on the slopes of the peaks of Santa Maria, Linas and Cruz de Cana, including 4 tracks with international FIS sports certification. The resort area includes more than 300 hectares of scenic area, as well as a dozen hotels, villas and restaurants, which makes it one of the most versatile recreation centers in the country.
Chapelko
The Chapelko resort lies near Lake Lakar and the Lanin volcano. One of the best ski resorts in the country is located 20 km. from San Martin de los Andes, the tourist capital of the province of Neuquen. Lined with Swiss-style houses, Chapelco offers a wide range of facilities and hotels, and its restaurants are famous for their cuisine.
kawahoo
The resort of Kavaho is located in the northeastern part of the province of Neuquen, in the middle of the Andes mountain range, at an altitude of 1647 m above sea level. Snow lies here 4-5 months a year, and the total length of the tracks is more than 40 km. 18 km. from Cavajo, at an altitude of 1900 m, lies the famous balneological resort Terma de Copajo, built on the basis of the hot spring of the same name and widely known for its microclimate with clean, dry air.
Castor
The resort of Kastor is 27 km away. from Ushuaia and is one of the most southern resorts in the world. Recently it has become a very popular holiday destination due to its long pistes, more than 20 km., all levels, quality of services and beauty of the local landscape. It is believed that here is the "fastest" snow cover and the longest ski season in South America.
La Jolla
The oldest resort in the country - La Jolla, lies 15 km. from Esquel. Surrounded by the wonderful lakes Futalaufken and Menendez, the resort is part of the Los Alerces National Park complex. The slopes of La Jolla are designed for skiers of all levels. A characteristic feature of La Jolla is the huge area for free-riding on the slopes of the mountain and a well-developed recreation infrastructure. In addition, you can take a trip around the area on the La Trochita steam train, as well as take an excursion to Trevelin or to the many National Parks of Patagonia.
Argentina is a country in the southeast of South America. Its name comes from the Latin Argentum - silver, and the Greek Argentus - white. The name arose after the Spanish navigator Juan Diaz de Solis told his colleagues - Italian travelers - the legend of the Silver Mountains, located north of La Plata. The legend about the deposits of precious metals was not confirmed, but the name "Argentina" ("Silver Country") was assigned to these lands. Today it ranks second on the mainland in terms of area, and third in terms of population. It is known as the birthplace of tango, the location of the most beautiful waterfalls and
Geographic characteristics
The territory of Argentina (mainland and islands) is 2,780,400 square kilometers. It is elongated along the meridian: from north to south its length is 3.8 thousand km, and from east to west - almost three times less, 1.4 thousand km.
The territory of the country is divided into 5 geographical regions:
- Northwest (an area with a tropical climate in the valley of the Parana River).
- Northeast (flat part, Argentine Mesopotamia).
- Patagonia (southern part of the country plus Tierra del Fuego).
- Pampas (steppe area with a subtropical climate).
- The Andes is the most majestic mountain system in the world.
It borders Chile (to the west), Uruguay and Brazil (to the east and northeast), Paraguay and Bolivia (to the north). The total length of the borders is 9861 km.
In terms of population, it ranks third in South America - 44.5 million people live in Argentina. Almost 64% is the population of working age. The average life expectancy is 77 years.
Nature
The Andes - the longest and second highest mountain system in the world - stretch along the entire western border of the country. They were formed during the Alpine orogeny. The formation of new peaks is still taking place in this area. The highest peak - Aconcagua (6961 m above sea level) is located in Argentina, in the province of Mendoza (15 km from the Chilean border). The mountain is of volcanic origin, although it has not been an active volcano for a long time.
The highest active volcano, Lullaillaco (translated as "Deceiver") is located on the border of Argentina and Chile. It is located on the territory of the national park of the same name.
On the border with Brazil is a complex of 275 waterfalls - Iguazu, which are considered one of the seven natural wonders of the world. The sediments on which water flows are formed about 140 million years ago. The complex of Iguazu Falls is located 23 km from the mouth of the river of the same name, and its width is 2.7 km, of which 2.1 km is located in Argentina. Maximum height - 82 m...
The rivers are concentrated mainly in the north-east of the country. These are Parana (on the continent it is the second longest after the Amazon), Uruguay and Paraguay with tributaries.
Most of the lakes are located in Patagonia (which is why it is called the "Lakeland"). They are of glacial origin. There are about 400 lakes near the Andes alone. The largest are Mar Chiquita (5th largest steppe lake in the world), San Martin, Buenos Aires, Viedma, Argentino. Salt water lakes are concentrated in the northern part of the country...
From the east, the territory is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The part of the ocean that covers its shelf is called Mar Argentino ("Argentine Sea"). Its area is about a million square kilometers. The Argentine Sea is not generally recognized, but local authorities consider it one of the largest on the continent. The Falkland Islands are located in the waters of Mar Argentino...
The vegetation is distinguished by species diversity: given the geographical location, both tropical and plants typical of semi-desert territories grow here. In the Argentine Mesopotamia there are subtropical forests. Forests occupy about 12% of the land fund. And in the south of the country, the flora is represented mainly by shrubs, turning into cereal prairies.
Animals live in mountainous and foothill areas sparsely populated by people. Species diversity The fauna is not as diverse as the vegetation. Cougars and chinchillas are endangered species. There are many rodents in the southern regions. There are quite a lot of birds, but they all live mainly near water bodies (herons, flamingos, hummingbirds) ...
The territory of the country is located within 3 climatic zones:
- Subtropical in the north;
- Tropical - in the center;
- Moderate - in the south.
Mountainous areas are characterized by heavy rainfall (up to floods) and sudden temperature changes even within a few hours. A lot of rain also falls over subtropical forests.
January is the hottest month, the average temperature is +33 degrees, and at night the thermometer does not fall below +20. July is the most "severe": the daytime temperature drops to +12, the night temperature drops to +4...
Resources
Agricultural land covers almost 70% of the territory. The main attention is paid to grain crops, quite large areas are devoted to pastures for animals (pastures are mostly of natural origin).
There are quite a lot of ore deposits of various metals in the country. There are deposits of oil and gas (in the mountain troughs of the Andes). Quite a lot of sulfur and minerals that are used in construction. But Natural resources poorly studied and mastered. The mining industry is engaged in the development of ore deposits; oil and uranium are extracted from fuel deposits. Ferrous metallurgy plants provide about 70% of the country's domestic needs. The leaders of light industry are food, tobacco, textile...
culture
The national composition of the country was formed in the 19-20 centuries. after the extermination of the native Indian peoples. Now the majority of the inhabitants of Argentina are descendants of immigrants from Europe, almost 85% belong to the white race. About a third of the population are Spaniards and Italians. Immigrants are mainly representatives of neighboring countries, as well as immigrants from Ukraine and Romania.
92% of the population professes Christianity, of which the majority are Catholics. Main language is Spanish...
A special culture has formed on the territory of the country, which has little in common with European and the culture of neighboring countries. Politics and football are the main topics of conversation that every Argentine will support. Here it is customary to get up late and go to bed late. The main meal is dinner, which does not start before 21.00.
Argentines are very sociable and temperamental, they love theater and dancing (including the famous Argentine tango). But promises are rarely kept.
A description of the country of Argentina will help you learn more about the state, as well as quickly read and assimilate the information offered. Consider the most important points in the description of the named state.
Exact plan: description of the country (Argentina)
A list of information about the country will help to break down the information about it into main points with headings and will allow you to give a consistent description of the country. Argentina according to the plan (grade 7) is studied by students, as a rule, according to the following scheme:
- Brief description of Argentina.
- Geographic location of the country.
- Nature and climate.
- Population.
- Language.
- largest regions.
- Sights and interesting facts about Argentina.
Country description plan. Argentina (7th grade, geography)
The official name of Argentina is the Argentine Republic. The state, located in South America, is considered the second in terms of territory, and the third in terms of population. Argentina includes 24 administrative regions, 23 provinces and 1 federal capital district - Buenos Aires.
Geography and climate
Describing Argentina is easy if you know its geography.
The Republic is located in the southeastern part of the continent of South America and occupies the eastern part of Tierra del Fuego (an archipelago).
The country is adjacent to Chile in the west, with Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, with Uruguay and Brazil in the northeast.
Argentina is washed by the waters of the Atlantic in the eastern territories. The shores of the state are practically not indented. Only the estuary of La Plata pierces the land for 320 km.
The land of Argentina is stretched in the meridional direction. Its greatest length is 3.7 thousand km and goes from north to south. By the way, the large length of the sea coast played a crucial role in shaping the foreign economic development of Argentina.
Nature
The nature of Argentina can be called diverse. This is due to the territorial features of the country and its relief. According to the last sign, Argentina can be divided into two parts: elevated (west and south) and flat (north and east).
The flat part of the country is occupied by the wide Argentine northern part, which is a ruined lava plateau cut by rivers. In its center lies a swampy area. Only in the south the plain has a hilly shape, which is crossed by sandstone ridges - cuchillas.
The plain region of Argentina has a subtropical humid climate. It is covered with evergreen forests (dry and wet), marsh plants, herbs. The northeastern region is also called Mesopotamia in Argentina. It is here that the grain lands of the country are concentrated.
The Cordillera (Andes) includes the highest peaks of the mainland - Aconcagua (6.96 km), Tupungato (6.8 km), Mercedario (6.77 km). Part of the Andes of Argentina is strongly indented by river latitudes and is very flat, in contrast to the neighboring part of the Andes in Chile.
There are frequent floods and earthquakes. In the southwest of the Andes Mountains there is a very picturesque area called the Lake District, consisting of mountain lakes and wide forests. The climate here is quite humid.
The Andean regions are characterized by constant rains and intense heat in the summer. Here there are hot dry winds, which are called probes. In the plains of the country, rains are constantly pouring over the savannahs and impenetrable dense forests. And from east to west, the amount of precipitation decreases significantly.
The average temperature in January is + 5°С, in July + 22°С. Precipitation is from 100 to 300 mm in the western part of the country, and 1400-1600 - in the eastern part. Some parts of Argentina winter time are subject to severe drought, and summers here can be unbearably hot.
Population
Our plan-description of the country will also help you learn about the population of the state. Argentina brings together a variety of peoples.
Almost the entire population of the Argentine Republic (90%) belongs to the European race. They are descendants of Spaniards and Italians. And 4.5% are Indians, which today can be defined as a mixed population. The ancient peoples who inhabited these territories since ancient times (Kollas, Mapuches, Matakos, Tobas) today make up less than 1% of the total population of the country.
Language
It is impossible to omit one more point, giving a plan-description of the country. Argentina is a multinational state. What language do Argentines speak? Almost the entire population of the republic communicates in Spanish. It is official in Argentina. Italian, French and German are also often used here.
List of largest cities in Argentina
What else is Argentina famous for? The description of the country according to the plan (geography, climate, population, etc.) must necessarily contain information about the largest cities. Let's list them:
- Buenos Aires;
- Cordova;
- Rosario;
- Santa Fe;
- Mar del Plata;
- Rosario;
- Salta;
- San Miguel de Tucuman;
- Corrientes;
- La Plata;
- resistance;
- Bahia Blanca;
- Mendoza;
- Santiago del Estero;
- San Juan;
- Neuquen.
The largest of them are the first three cities. Buenos Aires, Cordoba and Rosario are called million-plus cities.
Attractions
In the cities of Argentina, you can see a mixture of all kinds of cultures.
The most iconic places for tourists are: Pedestrian bridge Puente de la Mujer, Lake Traful, Casa Rosada and this is not a complete list interesting places sunny country.
The main place of glory and history of the country is its capital - Buenos Aires. In this city there are religious buildings with beautiful architecture: the Church of El Pilar, the Metropolitan Cathedral, the Cabildo Town Hall. And the Plaza del Congresso with the unique fountain of Los dos Congressos, kindly gathers tourists from all over the world.
This includes not only interesting buildings, museums, parks, but also beautiful resorts. Some of the best here are: Mar del Plata, Pinamar, Miramar.
Do you know what the locals say? “If God decided to settle on Earth, he would definitely choose Argentina.” They probably think so for a reason.
The famous and largest salt marsh of Salinas Grande
For several centuries in a row, the place where the Argentines extract salt has been considered a noble tourist place. The area of Salinas Grandes is 6 thousand square meters. Some 10 million years ago, this area was a wide lake. But due to volcanic activity nearby, the water eventually evaporated. A snow-white expanse of salt remained on the surface of the old lake. On average, its thickness is 30 cm. Locals carve funny figures from salt blocks and sell them to local tourists.
Climbing the hills above the salt marsh, you can see the endless whitish expanses shining like diamonds under the sun's rays.
Summing up
Schoolchildren in the seventh grade usually go through a country description plan. Brazil and Argentina are the states that, as training practice shows, it is most convenient to talk about with a clear plan. And this knowledge will definitely come in handy, because Argentina is a favorite destination for tourists - beautiful natural sites are concentrated in it. The country is also rich in attractions. There is always something to see here, which is why Argentina is visited annually by thousands of guests from different parts of the world.
Studying this country is useful and exciting for both schoolchildren and adults. You only need a clear plan (description of the country). Argentina is a land of contrasts and therefore very interesting to explore!