The question of the effectiveness of phytoestrogens to maintain normal hormone levels in women over 40 is still open. Manufacturers of preparations containing phytoestrogen promise to slow down the aging process of the skin and hair, prevent cardiovascular diseases, pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and senile disorders of the nervous system.
The female body cannot function normally with a deficiency of the sex hormone estrogen.
He is responsible for:
The state of the whole body of a woman depends on the indicators of estrogen. When the concentration of the hormone decreases, the aging process starts: the condition of the hair and skin worsens, and problems in the reproductive system begin.
Phytoestrogen is a non-steroidal substance of natural origin. You can get it from food or in the form of medicines. Phytoestrogens include two groups of chemical compounds: isoflavones and lignans. The most studied isoflavones. Their structure and mechanism of action are similar to estradiol and estrone (the main estrogens).
How do phytoestrogens work?
Phytoestrogens act both as estrogens and as antiestrogens, inhibiting the development of cancers. Phytoestrogen preparations interact with those cell surface receptors that estrogen itself works with.
Phytoestrogen does not have such a strong effect on the body, it is 1000 times weaker. When estrogen levels are low, its natural counterpart binds to free cell receptors. If the level is high, phytoestrogens begin to fight for a place on the cell membrane. As a result of this displacement, an androgenic effect is achieved.
Why phytoestrogens for a woman after 40-50 years
At the age of 35-37, the woman's reproductive system begins to age, its biological functions fade, and the ability to conceive decreases.
During menopause, the following symptoms appear:
These symptoms may persist for a long time.
Gradually, other signs of menopause appear:
- dry skin and wrinkles;
- hair loss;
- violation of the genitourinary system;
- diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- development of osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease.
Phytoestrogens for women after 40, whose preparations are offered by modern medicine, make it possible to correct these manifestations of menopausal syndrome at an early stage.
Patients with low estrogen levels are prescribed hormone therapy. This method of treatment allows you to mitigate the symptoms of menopause and prevent the development of serious diseases. But taking hormones has side effects, and many women fear for their health. In such cases, they are prescribed phytoestrogens.
Indications for use
Most often, phytoestrogen therapy is prescribed in the following cases:
Contraindications
Phytoestrogens for women after 40, drugs to maintain normal hormonal levels, not only have a positive effect on the body, they also a number of contraindications:
- The presence of estrogen-dependent diseases, for example, uterine fibroids or endometriosis. These diseases often develop after age 45.
- Normal levels of hormones in the body. As a result of competition between native estrogen and external estrogen, hypoestrogenism develops, which manifests itself in the form of symptoms of menopausal syndrome.
- Chronic diseases during an exacerbation (especially hepatitis).
Side effects
Phytoestrogens for women over 40 (preparations and products containing this natural compound are weaker than estrogens) may not have the expected effect on the body. In this case, the woman is prescribed hormones.
There have been few long-term studies of phytoestrogens for side effects. It was possible to find out that phytoestrogens do not cause dangerous reactions to health.
As a result of taking this substance, the following side effects may occur:
Negative reactions can occur if the drugs are taken incorrectly. It is necessary to strictly observe the dosage and regimen of the use of the drug. You can not take funds with phytoestrogens for a long time. In case of side effects, another drug is selected or the dosage is changed.
What plants contain phytoestrogens
| Name | Phytoestrogens in the composition | Action on the body |
| Upland uterus (ortilia lopsided) | Flavonoids |
|
| Licorice (licorice) (root) | Isoflavone glabridin |
|
| Ginger (root) | Isoflavones |
|
| Turmeric | Curcumin |
|
| Chamomile (flowers) | Bioflavonoids: apigenin, luteolin, quercetin |
|
| Shepherd's bag | Flavonoids |
|
| Raspberry (leaves) | Flavonoids, folic acid |
|
| evening primrose | Flavonoids |
|
| Red brush | Flavonoids, phytohormones |
|
| Red clover | Isoflavones and coumestans - formononetin, biochanin-A, coumestrol |
|
| Alfalfa | Coumestrol and formononetin |
|
| Flax seeds | Lignans that are converted to enterodiol and enterolactone |
|
| Red grapes | resverantol |
|
| Hop | 8-prenylnaringenin |
|
| yarrow | Phytosterol |
|
| burdock | Phytosterol |
|
| Common cuff | Phytosterol |
|
| Sage | flavonoids |
|
| Sagebrush | flavones |
|
| Elecampane | Phytosterol derivatives |
|
| Rosemary | flavones |
|
Recipes of folk remedies for women
Women over 40 can already take phytoestrogen preparations in order to delay the onset of menopause. There are many popular recipes for maintaining normal hormone levels.
To improve well-being in the manifestations of menopause will help the use of 2 tbsp. flax seeds. The seeds are taken twice a day. They need to drink enough water. The course of admission should not last more than a month. After 7 days, hot flashes will subside, insomnia and nervousness will disappear. After 14 days, the final result of the treatment can be observed.
To mitigate the pathological symptoms of menopause and normalize hormonal levels You can use the following traditional medicine recipes:
| Plant | Recipe | Admission rules |
| Red brush | Decoction: 20 g of raw materials are poured into 250 ml of water and cooked in a water bath for 15 minutes, stirring. Let it brew for an hour. The finished broth is divided into 4 equal parts. | Take before meals (30 minutes) for 4 to 6 weeks. |
| upland uterus | Tincture: 2 tbsp. herbs pour half a liter of vodka. Cover with a lid. Let it brew for 2 weeks in the dark. | Take drops from 30 to 40 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. |
| Licorice (licorice) | Decoction: take 1 tbsp. herbs. Pour 200 ml of boiling water. Boil 3 minutes. Let it brew for no more than 2 hours. | Use strained broth 1 tbsp. before meals 3 times a day. |
| Hops (cones) | Tincture: take 25 g of dried cones and pour 1 liter of vodka. Let it brew for 7 days. Then strain and pour into a jar or bottle. | Take 1 tbsp. 2 times a day without reference to food intake. The tincture is washed down with water (about 100 ml). The duration of treatment is 1 month. Repeated treatment is carried out after a monthly break. |
| Calendula, Anise, Violet Flower, Licorice Root, Dill Seeds | Tea: take 1 tbsp. each herb and pour 1 liter of hot water. Let stand for about half an hour. Then they filter. | Drink this tea 1/3 of a glass 3 times a day before meals. Such treatment can be carried out no longer than 7 days. You should take a week break and repeat the course. |
| Shepherd's bag | Infusion: pour 1 tbsp into a glass. raw materials and fill it with boiling water. Cool down to room temperature. | Drink the infusion immediately after cooling. It is better to take it before going to bed once a day. |
| Red clover | Infusion: 2 tbsp herbs pour 200 ml of boiling water. The container with the resulting liquid is placed in a warm place for 2-4 hours. | Drink infusion 3 times a day before meals. |
Klimadinon
Available in tablets and drops. The main component is cimicifuga extract. It has an effect on estrogen receptors. Therefore, Klimadinon is effective as an anti-menopausal agent. 
Due to the effect of the drug on estrogen levels, it cannot be used in the presence of estrogen-dependent formations. The cost of tablets: 30 pieces - 519 rubles, 60 pieces - 560 rubles. Drops cost 473 rubles.
Qi-Klim
Available in the form of drops, tablets and creams for the face and body. The main component is cimicifuga extract. It improves estrogen levels in the body, so it helps to alleviate the pathological symptoms of menopause. Peppermint oil in the drops soothes and helps to cope with nervousness. The drug is well tolerated, but it is not recommended for pregnant women and nursing mothers.
The cost of the drug:
- drops - 320 rubles;
- tablets - 346 rubles;
- face cream - 298 rubles;
- body cream - 352 rubles.
Remens 
The medicine is available in the form of drops and tablets. The basis of the recipe is cimicifuga racemose. It is known as a remedy for the negative manifestations of menopause.
The effect of cimicifuga is enhanced by Canadian sanguinaria, which is a homeopathic remedy that helps with menopausal syndrome.
The cost of the drug: drops - 747 rubles, tablets - 187 rubles (12 pieces) and 546 rubles (36 tablets).
climactoplane
The drug is produced in the form of tablets. The main active ingredients are cimicifuga, sanguinaria and the homeopathic remedy sepia. Such a complex helps to cope with the pathological manifestations of menopause (hot flashes, nervousness, sweating).
The drug is well tolerated and has no contraindications, except for the presence of sensitivity to its components.
The price of the drug is 527 rubles.
Vital Woman
The tool is presented in the form of tablets. It contains 25 valuable herbs. 
The most famous of them:
- turmeric;
- hibiscus;
- cinnamon;
- pine nuts;
- eucalyptus;
- barley.
Such a collection helps women find physical and mental balance during the period of hormonal changes in the body after 40 years, promotes the regeneration of body cells. The price of the drug is 3096 rubles.
Menopausal Formula
The medicine has the form of tablets, is made on the basis of extracts of maitake, bedbug and clover. It also contains cimicifuga. The drug helps to fight the unpleasant manifestations of menopausal syndrome.
Trace elements and B vitamins help the body to function normally at the cellular level. The supplement should not be taken with pathologies of the thyroid gland and taking iodine-containing drugs. The cost of dietary supplements: 30 pieces - 528 rubles, 60 pieces - 840 rubles.
climafemin
Produced in tablet form. Genistein isoflavone acts as a phytoestrogen. It helps to normalize the level of estrogen in the body. Coenzyme Q 10 supplement acts as a remedy against cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin E and grape seed extract are added as an antioxidant.
The use of such a tool can slow down the aging process of the body and alleviate the menopause in women's lives. It should not be taken by pregnant and lactating women. The drug costs 360 rubles.
Bonisan
It is produced in the form of capsules and cream-gel for external use. Soy isoflavones act as phytoestrogens. Soy contains many plant analogues of estrogen and helps to cope with the manifestations of menopause. 
The composition of the cream-gel also includes moisturizing ingredients: hyaluronic acid and D-panthenol. The cream maintains the normal microflora of the vagina and prevents the development of infections. The medicine should not be used during pregnancy and during breastfeeding.
Drug price:
- capsules - 373 rubles;
- cream-gel - 233 rubles.
Femiwell
The package contains tablets for daytime and nighttime use. Daily tablets include extracts of red clover, angelica and cimicifuga. They help reduce the frequency of hot flashes during menopause. They also soothe and energize.
In night tablets, the main substances are extracts of wild yam, griffonia, sage and motherwort. The action of these pills is aimed at improving sleep. Such a tool costs 393 rubles.
Tribestan
The composition of these tablets is dominated by the extract of dry grass of Tribulus terrestris. Thanks to this component, the drug improves the functioning of the genitourinary system, tones the body and normalizes cholesterol levels. 
Due to its hormonal nature, Tribestan should not be taken by pregnant and lactating women, as well as girls under 18 years of age. The manufacturer draws attention to the fact that patients with allergies to peanuts and soy should also not be treated with this remedy. Tablets cost 1983 rubles (60 tablets) and 4706 rubles (180 tablets).
Climafit-911
The capsule contains many plant extracts:
- horsetail;
- hawthorn;
- valerian;
- Dioscorea;
- cimicifuga.
All of these herbs help menopausal women cope with symptoms that impair their quality of life. Vitamin D3 helps calcium to be better absorbed in the body. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant. The complex of B vitamins supports the body at the cellular level. The price of such a drug is 418 rubles.
Inoklim
The product is presented in the form of capsules. Soy extract in the composition of the drug allows you to maintain a normal level of estrogen during menopause. A complex of oils (sunflower and soybean) helps cells protect themselves from adverse conditions. 
This medicine can be bought for 948 rubles.
Feminal
The main component of these capsules is a dry extract of red clover. This plant is rich in phytoestrogens. The drug helps to cope with the symptoms of menopause.
It should not be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as girls under 16 years of age. Price: 665 rubles.
Doppelgerz Active Menopause
Available in tablets. Soy isoflavones are the main component of the drug. They allow you to normalize the level of estrogen.
Supplement the composition of the medicine vitamins:
Folic acid helps the brain and nervous system work. Contraindication for admission is the presence of pregnancy and lactation. The drug costs 456 rubles.
Estrovel
Capsules soften the pathological symptoms of menopause due to their constituent soy isoflavones. Vitamin E protects the body from the harmful effects of free radicals. 
The vitamin B6 component is essential for muscles and the heart. Folic acid helps the female body by maintaining brain activity and the normal functioning of the nervous system. The price of the medicine is 499 rubles.
Mastodinon
The drug is produced in two forms: drops and tablets. This is a homeopathic herbal remedy:
- vitex;
- stalk;
- cyclamen;
- chilibuha;
- iris;
- tiger lily.
The medicine allows you to reduce the level of prolactin, establish menstruation and prevent the development of fibrocystic mastopathy. In addition, the drug is prescribed to infertile women. It should not be used by pregnant women and nursing mothers, as well as girls under 12 years old.
Cost of Mastodinon:
- drops 50 ml - 548 rubles;
- drops 100 ml - 854 rubles;
- tablets - 575 rubles.
Phytoestrogens in food
Phytoestrogens for women after 40, whose preparations are prescribed to them, are combined with the use of phytoestrogen-containing food. 
Natural hormone substitutes contain the following foods and drinks:
- soy (isoflavones daidzein and genistein);
- legumes (isoflavones);
- milk and its derivatives (phytoestrogens of the grass that the cow ate);
- coffee;
- sunflower and oil from it;
- cereals, coconut and olive oil (phytosterols);
- any cabbage, parsley, spinach, nuts, fruits (lignans);
- carrot;
- red wine (resveratrol);
- beer (8-prenylnaringenin).
Recipes with phytoestrogens
From products useful for women during menopause, you can prepare the following dishes:
- pea soup. Add half a cup of dry peas to boiling meat or chicken broth. Cook until the peas are ready. Add 2-3 diced potatoes. Fry 1 carrot and 1 onion. Add frying when potatoes are ready. Add salt and herbs to taste.
- Salad. In a bowl, mix chopped foods: tomato, cucumber, lettuce, avocado, boiled chicken breast, pomegranate (grains) and pickled mushrooms. Drizzle with oil and lemon juice mixture.
- Rice with vegetables. Boil rice. Fry the prepared vegetable mixture. Mix with rice.
When choosing drugs to alleviate the menopause, women after 40 years of age prefer phytoestrogens. They do not have such a significant effect as hormonal drugs, but they do not carry relatively serious risks. A wide range of drugs allows you to choose the right remedy, taking into account the state of health.
Article formatting: Mila Fridan
Video about phytoestrogens
How to choose phytoestrogens:
At the age of 40-45, a woman's body undergoes rapid changes. It seems that a month ago everything was in order, and suddenly fat folds appeared from somewhere on the sides and under the armpits.
In fact, no one will be able to avoid this fate, even athletes who have devoted their entire conscious life to sports. Fat begins to be unevenly redistributed throughout the body due to the action of a number of factors.
age fat
Health, and especially the beauty of a woman, directly depends on the concentration of sex hormones. Of these, the leading role is played by estrogens, which are commonly called the main female hormones.
The production of these hormones decreases significantly after the age of 40 and practically stops after the age of 50 with the onset of menopause. It is at this age that most women begin to turn to various specialists for high blood pressure, joint pain and problems with being overweight.
It is explained simply. The female body, preparing for menopause, is rebuilt for it, and hormonal changes redistribute subcutaneous fat with an increase in its amount. Such an increase in fat is required by the body, since with a decrease in the production of sex hormones (estrogen) by the ovaries, this function is taken over by adipose tissue.
How to compensate for an estrogen deficiency
There are drugs designed to increase the level of estrogen in women, but quite often this problem can be solved without the use of any synthetic agents, it is enough to saturate your diet foods containing phytoestrogens.
Phytoestrogens are components of plant origin, similar in function to estrogens, which are produced naturally in the female body. Although not a product of the human endocrine system, phytoestrogens act on the same cell receptors as human estrogens.
The use of products containing phytoestrogens allows women to reduce the manifestation of symptoms characteristic of the post-menopausal period.
Foods rich in phytoestrogens
Speaking of phytoestrogens, soy and soy products are most often remembered. Interest in soy arose at the end of the 20th century, when public health studies were conducted in Europe, Asia and America.
It turned out that in Japan, China, Indonesia, Taiwan and Korea, mortality from cancer and cardiac diseases is much lower than in European countries and America, and women suffer less from menopausal disorders, osteoporosis and breast cancer.
In the countries of Southeast Asia, a large amount of soy is traditionally used in food. Conclusions have been drawn about the association of high health outcomes with soy consumption. Disputes are still ongoing. However, soy is really rich in isoflavones - genistein and daidzein, and its sprouts - glycitein.
Soybeans and nuts, textured veggie protein, tofu, soy milk and soy yogurt, tempeh fermented soy drink, miso soup, soy protein powder all contain plant estrogens, which, for certain indications, is very useful to include in the daily diet.
They contain ligans - substances that bind to cell receptors and stimulate certain biochemical reactions. Studies on the long-term use of phytohormones have not been conducted, but they are found to be safe for everyone except pregnant women. Flax seeds are especially indicated during menopause.
They contain flavonoids that bind to estradiol receptors (one of the estrogens) and have a similar effect. After 40 years, hop cones are prescribed to relieve the symptoms of menopause.
Sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese - contain phytoestrogens of herbs that cows ate. Blue cheese has a higher amount of phytoestrogens due to the fungus, which additionally enriches the product with its own hormone-like substances.
Contains isoflavones and steroids. They have a positive effect on the female body during menopause, normalize the liver.
Among vegetables, garlic has the most phytoestrogens, followed by alfalfa sprouts, winter squash, olive oil, kale, and olives.
Among herbs - sources of estrogen - the upland uterus, or ortilia lopsided. Traditional healers claim that her decoctions have an extremely positive effect on a woman's body. Specialists prescribe fees based on ortilia to normalize hormonal levels.
Reception of phytohormones should be agreed with the doctor after a blood test for hormones. If this is not done and the drugs are taken on their own for a long time, a persistent hormonal imbalance and related problems can be achieved.
How to lose weight by 20 kg per month
With age, absolutely everything changes outwardly, regardless of the constitution of the body. However, those who play sports and pay enough attention to a healthy diet are more likely to look fit in old age.
Do you want fast results? Then arm yourself with the ideas from our article. And do not forget to consult a doctor before going on a diet, because health is more important than beauty.
Up to 10 kg of excess weight in two weeks can be lost thanks to the diet of actress Maria Poroshina. But this is only possible if a person has a fair amount of willpower, since it is very difficult to stay on such a diet for two weeks.
Maria Poroshina's diet menu
On the first day of the diet, your menu should include 5 boiled potatoes and 3 boiled eggs.
Your diet will be represented by one glass of kefir and 100 grams of cottage cheese.
Kefir (500 ml), 1 liter of fruit juice and 2 apples.
A serving of boiled chicken or beef (400 g) and unlimited tea without sugar.
During the day, you need to eat either pears or apples (half a kilogram).
3 boiled potatoes and 1.5 cups of kefir or yogurt.
Only kefir (500 ml).
The diet should be represented only by boiled beef (250 g).
Vegetable salad and boiled beef (150 g).
2 apples, 2 slices of bran bread, a serving of boiled beef or chicken (200 g).
2 eggs, boiled beef (150 grams), as well as 150 grams of rye bread.
3 boiled potatoes, 700 g of apples and kefir (500 ml).
2 eggs, 2 fresh cucumbers, boiled chicken (300 g) and unlimited tea without sugar.
2 boiled potatoes and 2 apples.
Losing as much weight as you dreamed of is only half the battle. Another half the battle is to keep the weight. Maria Poroshina recommends that at the end of the diet, avoid fried and fatty foods, and also stay away from simple carbohydrates. It is better to exclude late meals forever and arrange the last meal before six in the evening.
"So simple!" regularly acquaints its readers with the most effective diets. So, we recently wrote about the mega-popular protein diet of the French nutritionist Pierre Dukan. It is known that his diet helped to lose weight before the wedding of the Duchess of Cambridge, and Jennifer Lopez - to get in shape after giving birth.
You might be interested in the weight loss system from diet guru Henri Chenot. According to his methodology, Luciano Pavarotti and Silvio Berlusconi, the wife of the former mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov, Elena Baturina and Mikhail Saakashvili, once lost weight.
Candidate of Biological Sciences A. MARGOLINA.
Science and life // Illustrations
Science and life // Illustrations
Science and life // Illustrations
In the composition of nutritional supplements and cosmetic products, there are ingredients called phytoestrogens. According to advertising, phytoestrogens can do anything. They eliminate dryness and flabbiness of the skin, increase its elasticity, slow down aging, have a beneficial effect on the skin and hair follicles, prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and even Alzheimer's disease. How much truth is in these statements?
The very name "phytoestrogens" causes controversy. It is very successful from a commercial point of view, since the word "estrogens" (female sex hormones) is softened and balanced by the prefix "phyto" (vegetable), but it is completely incorrect in essence. Firstly, phytoestrogens are not plant hormones, and secondly, in the human body they can act not only as estrogens, but also as antiestrogens. In addition, there are discussions around the safety of phytoestrogens. If they really have a hormonal effect, then how pronounced are the hormonal effects and can they lead, for example, to the development of malignant tumors of the uterus and mammary glands? To top it off, from time to time there are publications that some pesticides, cosmetic preservatives (parabens) and sunscreens are dangerous precisely because they exhibit an estrogen-like effect (such substances are commonly called xenoestrogens). Of course, these data cast a shadow of suspicion on phytoestrogens as well.
Interest in phytoestrogens flared up with particular force at the end of the 20th century. At that time, there were many statistical medical studies that compared the incidence of cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases in different peoples in order to find out how much diet and lifestyle affect health. It turned out that in the countries of Southeast Asia (Japan, China, Indonesia, Taiwan, Korea) mortality from cardiovascular diseases is significantly lower than in Europe and America. Oriental women are less likely than American women to have breast cancer and less pronounced menopausal troubles (osteoporosis, hot flashes). This trend is still visible in the first generation of emigrants who came to the US from Asian countries. At the same time, among women of the second generation of emigrants, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, hormone-dependent tumors are as common as in other American women, and the problems of menopause do not bypass them.
Studying the traditional Asian diet, scientists noticed that soy products make up a significant proportion of it. And soy is interesting because it contains substances that, in their structure, resemble estrogens. Thus, the hypothesis was born that Asian women do not suffer from menopausal problems, because their body is saturated with plant estrogens - phytoestrogens.
Now, most researchers agree that it is naive to associate favorable statistics on the "diseases of civilization" in Asian countries with only one food product. Probably, one should take into account the peculiarities of the lifestyle in general, as well as other equally interesting traditions in nutrition. However, the fact that in addition to proteins, fats and carbohydrates one should pay attention to biologically active substances contained in food products, and that many plants are able to have a versatile effect on the human body, no one doubts.
A classic example of the hormonal effects of phytoestrogens in mammals is the "clover disease" found in sheep and other grazing animals. This disease was first described in the 40s of the XX century in Australia. Farmers have noticed that sheep that feed mainly on clover species Trifolium subterraneum, infertility and other reproductive disorders often occur. It turned out that isoflavones, which have a hormone-like effect on sheep, are to blame.
Hormones act by binding to special protein structures on the surface of cells - receptors. To activate a receptor, a molecule must have a well-defined structure. The receptor and the signaling molecule are usually said to fit together like a key to a lock. However, just as it is sometimes possible to pick up a master key to a lock, so by chance, a receptor can be activated by a foreign molecule that is similar in structure to a hormone, but not identical.
Experiments have shown that phytoestrogens are indeed able to bind to the same receptors as estrogens, only they act much weaker. If we take the effect of estradiol as 100, then the effect of phytoestrogens will be estimated as 0.001-0.2 (depending on the type of phyto-estrogen). Because phytoestrogens are so weak, they interfere rather than help estrogen. Imagine the levers on which hefty strongmen are leaning. Now imagine the frail little ones reaching for the same levers. Obviously, if there are few strong men, then the short men will help, no matter how weakly they press the levers. However, if strong men are plentiful, then short men who get underfoot and take up space at the lever will only slow down the work. In a more precise language, with a deficiency of estrogens, phytoestrogens will weakly activate receptors, but with an excess, on the contrary, they will compete with estrogen for the receptor. This suggests that phytoestrogens may have a "balancing" effect, although whether this is actually the case is still unclear.
So far, most of what is known about the phytoestrogens found in soy. These are primarily the isoflavones genistein and daidzein. Another soy phytoestrogen - glycitein accumulates mainly in soy sprouts. Isoflavones are present in plants mainly in the form of glycosides - compounds with sugars. In the intestine, under the action of the intestinal microflora, glycosides are hydrolyzed and decomposed into a sugary part and a non-sugar component, the so-called agl icon (that is, “devoid of sugar”). As it turned out, glycosides of soy isoflavones are practically not able to cause an estrogenic response of cells. The estrogenic activity of aglycones is slightly higher. However, the most significant contribution to the estrogenic effect of soy is made by equol, a product of the further conversion of daidzein. In structure, it most closely resembles estradiol.
A lot of scientific works are devoted to the hormonal effect of soy products on a woman's body. Most experiments have shown that both a diet enriched with soy products and standardized soy extracts do not have a noticeable effect on the reproductive system of women. Some researchers seemed to be able to find an increase in the duration of the menstrual cycle in women who eat soy for a long time, but the observed changes were not statistically significant. Apparently, the reproductive disorders in sheep described in the scientific literature are explained, firstly, by huge doses of absorbed isoflavones (a person would never eat so much soy), and secondly, by the fact that equol (and , possibly other active metabolites) are formed more efficiently than in the human intestine.
So, soy isoflavones do not cause reproductive disorders in humans. They did not have any other side effects. The question arises, how useful are they and can they become an alternative to hormone replacement therapy? Here the experimental data are contradictory. A number of studies gave positive results, which led to the emergence of phytoestrogenic drugs. For example, data have been obtained that a soy diet reduces the frequency of hot flushes in women by 45%. However, in the same study, the placebo effect was very large - 30%. Well, even if the positive effect of soy is 2/3 due to the placebo effect, it's still not bad, because 45% is quite noticeable.
There is evidence that isoflavones, as well as estrogens, affect the plasma lipid profile, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, and also slow the development of osteoporosis. All isoflavones are antioxidants, meaning they can neutralize free radicals. In addition, phytoestrogens from different groups are continually discovering new effects, many of which are still waiting to be explained. For example, some researchers note that a number of phytoestrogens can slow down the growth of malignant tumors and reduce the likelihood of cancerous cell transformation.
Most phytoestrogens act in the same way as weak antiandrogens, that is, they reduce the influence of male sex hormones. This makes them useful in juvenile acne, when an excess of androgens overstimulates the sebaceous glands, and in hormone-dependent alopecia. The most effective isoflavones equol and genistein, as well as the product of microbial metabolism of lignans in the intestine - enterolactone.
Is there any benefit from phyto-estrogens in cosmetics? Unlike steroid hormones, phytoestrogens are not absorbed through the skin and have no systemic effects. And since the substances contained in plant extracts are inactive in themselves and the main part of the compounds with estrogen-like activity is formed in the intestines, one should not expect any pronounced hormonal effects from phytoestrogens applied to the skin. However, phytoestrogens in cosmetics for problem skin and in hair loss products are useful as antioxidants and as inhibitors of an enzyme that stimulates sebum production.
Phytoestrogen-based nutritional supplements can also be of benefit as drugs that have an overall beneficial effect on the woman's body. Of course, one should not get carried away with them, as with any biologically active substances, but there is no reason to be afraid of them. Be that as it may, it was not possible to find a weighty "compromising evidence" on phytoestrogens.
PLANTS CONTAINING PHYTOESTROGENS
The phytoestrogens found in soy are the best studied. However, there are other sources of phytoestrogens among plants.
Red clover. Contains isoflavones from the group of isoflavones (biochanin-A and formono-netin) and coumestans (coumestrol). Red clover, like soy, is widely used to prevent unpleasant symptoms of menopause. However, unlike soy, clover is not a food product and belongs to medicinal plants. Accordingly, there is no data on its effect on the human body with prolonged and regular use. Experimental data to justify the use of red clover extract instead of real estrogens in hormone replacement therapy is also still insufficient.
Alfalfa. Contains the phytoestrogen coumestrol and a small amount of formononetin. Alfalfa, like clover, causes reproductive disorders in sheep. The estrogenic effects of alfalfa extract in humans are still poorly understood.
Linen. Flax seeds contain lignan phytoestrogens, which are converted in the human intestine to enterolactone and enterodiol. Biologically, lignans are similar to isoflavones.
Licorice. Licorice root contains the isoflavone glabridine. Studies conducted on a culture of cancer cells have shown that the effect of glabridin depends on its concentration. In low concentration (10 -9 -10 -6 M) glabridin stimulates the growth of cancer cells. At a high concentration (>15 μM), on the contrary, it suppresses their growth.
Red grapes. The phytoestrogen resveratrol (trans-3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene) has been found in red wine. Resveratrol has high antioxidant activity.
Hop. This important beer ingredient contains the phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin. Its activity is very high: women involved in the harvesting and processing of hops often have menstrual disorders. The content of phytoestrogens in beer is quite low.
- This is a type of phytohormones that all plants produce, but some in greater quantities than others. The chemical composition of plant estrogen is very similar to the female sex hormone.
After it was confirmed that taking plant estrogens was safe for women's health, they began to be actively used to treat many diseases caused by sex hormone deficiency. In this article, we will look at which foods and herbs are high in phytoestrogens.
With menopause, it provokes the appearance of unpleasant symptoms: hot flashes, increased sweating, feelings of anxiety, unreasonable irritability, excessive nervousness, headaches, sleep disturbances, blood pressure surges, depression, skin aging and many others.
These manifestations are eliminated by applying. The doctor, based on the results of blood tests for hormones, prescribes a drug that contains artificial hormones.
The disadvantage of this treatment is that with prolonged use of artificial hormones in the body, the production of its own estrogens stops. After the cessation of therapy, it will no longer be possible to resume the synthesis of hormones.
Phytoestrogens act on the body of a lady more delicately and do not cause a similar effect. With an insufficient amount of estrogens, phytohormones help the lady's natural sex hormones to activate receptors. So they increase the level of estrogen in women. This is very important during menopause, when the hormonal background of the lady is very low.
If the body has an increased level of female sex hormone, then phytoestrogens create competition for them, and not all of them activate receptors. As a result, it is possible to lower the amount of estrogen. By consuming food and herbs containing phytohormones, a lady will be able to even out the hormonal background and get rid of menopausal manifestations.
What is their help?
What foods are high in estrogen
Many foods contain phytoestrogens. Therefore, when a woman's blood test results for hormones show their low level, then before rushing to the pharmacy for hormone-containing drugs, you should review your diet.
Sometimes, to eliminate hormonal failure, it is enough to include several foods with a large amount of phytoestrogens in the diet.
Expert opinion
Alisa Vladimirovna
Gynecologist, associate professor, leading specialist in the field of obstetrics, work experience 9 years.
Even better, make your menu varied and try to eat a little different foods from the proposed table, which displays the estrogen content in foods and herbs.
Group of products of plant origin
For ease of use, we have placed products that are especially rich in phytoestrogens in the table.
| No. p / p | Product group | Foods high in estrogen |
| 1 | nuts | pistachios, almonds, cashews, peanuts, walnuts |
| 2 | Oilseeds | flax, sesame, sunflower and pumpkin seeds |
| 3 | leguminous plants | soybeans, lentils, beans, peas, beans, green peas |
| 4 | Whole grains | wheat, oats, rye, barley, millet and brown rice |
| 5 | Vegetables | eggplant, tomatoes, pumpkin, carrots, beets, cucumbers and all types of cabbage |
| 6 | Greens | parsley, dill, petiole celery, spinach |
| 7 | Fruit | apricots, apples, red grapes, watermelons, dates, pomegranates |
| 8 | Berries | strawberry, raspberry, cherry |
| 9 | Coffee | |
| 10 | Spices | turmeric and ginger |
As you can see, the list is quite impressive. Each lady will be able to choose several products to her taste. Better yet, include them all in your diet. Then it will be varied and useful. The main thing is not to overdo it. After all, everything should be in moderation.
Animal Products
Animals eat plants that contain phytoestrogens. Therefore, in milk and meat there are these substances.
List of products that have a lot of natural estrogens in their composition:
- Milk and products from it.
It is useful to consume all dairy products, including ice cream. Particular attention deserves hard cheeses, yoghurts and dairy products: kefir, fermented baked milk, etc. - Meat and poultry.
Beef and veal are especially useful. - Fish and seafood.
Fish oil contains a lot of natural estrogens. Therefore, fatty fish should be preferred. For example, mackerel. If possible, you should include seafood in your diet: oysters, shrimp, scallops, squid and others. A lot of phytoestrogens in sea kale or kelp. It is preferable to buy it in dry form at a pharmacy and add it to salads and other ready meals. - Eggs.
Chicken or quail eggs should be regularly included in the lady's menu.
Only those livestock products that are grown without the use of growth hormones and other artificial additives bring benefits. When growing fish in special farms, growth hormones are also used. Therefore, sea fish that has grown on natural food is more useful.
What herbs are rich in phytoestrogens
Natural estrogens are found in all herbs, but some plants have more of them. It is these medicinal plants that are used to reduce the excessive level of female sex hormones. Or, when it is necessary to increase the amount of estrogen in the body, which is important for women after 50 years.
Herbs containing estrogens in large quantities:
- sage;
- boron uterus;
- hop cones;
- red brush;
- Linden;
- mint;
- pharmaceutical camomile;
- liquorice root;
- milk thistle;
- sagebrush;
- shepherd's bag;
- raspberry leaves.
In herbs, they act on the body very gently. They not only normalize the hormonal background of the lady, but have a general strengthening effect.
Using these herbs for menopause, women reduce the intensity of menopausal symptoms or get rid of them completely. Medicinal plants can be taken in the form of teas, infusions, decoctions. They are accepted both independently and as part of fees.
Natural estrogens have a beneficial effect on the female body, but their uncontrolled intake is highly undesirable. It is necessary to undergo a medical examination, take blood tests and get advice from a doctor before starting to take herbal remedies.
The duration of taking the herb, which contains estrogen, should not exceed 3 months. After that, they take a 2-week break during which they take a blood test and undergo an examination. A second course of treatment is carried out only if necessary to increase the level of the hormone.
Particularly popular plants
We continue the search.
There are many effective and proven recipes. Sage is especially popular among menopausal women. In addition to estrogens, it contains numerous vitamins, mineral compounds and flavonoids, as well as essential oils. Thanks to this healing composition, sage reduces the activity of the sweat glands.
As a result, the profuse sweating that accompanies hot flashes is reduced. Regular use of sage reduces the intensity and frequency of hot flashes - the most unpleasant symptom of menopause. Also, sage helps to restore sleep, reduce headaches and eliminate irritability.
Milk thistle, which has the second name milk thistle, has been successfully used for many years to treat various serious diseases. Probably many people know that milk thistle effectively treats diseases of the liver and gallbladder. This medicinal plant has a very rich composition of vitamins, trace elements and other medicinal substances. Because of this, it is popularly called St. Mary's thistle.
Milk thistle is used for obesity, varicose veins, swelling of the extremities, allergic diseases, baldness, salt deposits, sciatica and joint pain, hemorrhoids and other diseases. The use of flour from the seeds of a medicinal plant can lower blood sugar levels and cure varicose veins.
Outcome
Phytoestrogens found in foods and medicinal herbs will help normalize hormonal levels and get rid of many diseases caused by hormonal disorders. For women in menopausal age, they will significantly improve the quality of life.
Having made up for the resulting estrogen deficiency, the lady will get rid of unpleasant menopausal symptoms, improve her psycho-emotional state and prolong youth. But before starting treatment, the lady should take a blood test and get a doctor's advice. Remember that everything is good in moderation, including estrogen.
What do you know about phytoestrogens?
Phytoestrogens, containing natural plant analogues of estrogens, act in the body like a natural or synthetic hormone, but at times weaker. With age (during menopause) or due to endocrine disorders, the level of female hormones may decrease. You can gradually increase their number by regularly consuming products that have a composition, or by taking supplements with certain herbs.
PRODUCTS CONTAINING PHYTOESTROGENS FOR WOMEN WITH MENOPAUSE AND REDUCED ESTROGEN
Plant foods are not the only source of natural estrogens. Analogues of female hormones are also found in animal foods: meat, eggs, fish, seafood. To date, almost all medical research is devoted specifically to phytoestrogens obtained from plants. Other natural sources are still little studied and underestimated.
In addition to animals, there are also "mushroom" estrogens - the so-called mycoestrogens (mycoestrogens). Very little research has been devoted to their effects on the body. Mushroom mycoestrogens can be obtained, for example, by eating mushrooms.
3 Types of Natural Phytoestrogens Found in Food
- Isoflavones (Isoflavones)
These substances are a special type of isoflavonoids. Most of them are found in . Among the food sources of phytoestrogens, the vast majority are composed of isoflavones. For example, soy milk contains 99.6% isoflavones and only 0.4% lignans.
Most natural herbal remedies for increasing estrogen levels contain isoflavones (usually soy).
The most common types of isoflavones found in food are daidzein, formononetin, genistein, glycitin, and biochanin A.
- Lignans (Lignans)
It is the second most common phytoestrogen. Lignans include pinoresinol, lariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, sesamin, hydroxymatairesinol, mataeresinol, and syringaresinol.
The most famous of these, sesamin, is found only in sesame (sesame).
A lot of lignans are found in flaxseed - 99.9%. Even when compared to soy, flax wins as the food source with the highest amount of phytoestrogens. In addition, it also contains useful omega-3.
Other sources of lignans include cereals (rye, wheat, oats, barley), cruciferous vegetables (Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, etc.) and red wine. However, their greatest content is found in sesame and flax.
| Grocery list, rich in lignans (phytoestrogens) mcg per 100 g |
|
| Flax-seed | 169 |
| sesame seed | 131,7 |
| Rye bran | 8,7 |
| wheat bran | 5,7 |
| Oat bran | 2,8 |
| barley bran | 0,9 |
(Finnish study, 2007)
- Coumestan
The least common phytoestrogens are coumestans. In almost all products containing plant female hormones, coumestans make up less than 1% of the total. For this reason, they are not used in supplements and dietary supplements as the main active substance.
Some legumes are an exception. They can find coumestan in a higher concentration, up to 30% of the total content of phytoestrogens. Such products include split peas, lima beans, mung beans (mash), pinto (variegated beans). However, all of these foods are still a relatively poor source of phytoestrogens compared to soy or flax.
PHYTOESTROGENS IN FOOD AND HERBS
Most women know that soy foods such as tofu and tofu are natural sources of phytoestrogens, as they are rich in the isoflavones genistein and daidzein.
Below is a table (list) of foods that are the richest sources of phytoestrogens. It can help those who want to include such foods in their diet, and those who want to avoid them. Many women who are in the menopausal period try to consume as much food with phytoestrogens as possible in order to combat menopause symptoms (hot flashes, etc.) without resorting to. Some studies support the benefits of this. Whether certain foods help or not, their use for this purpose should be discussed with a doctor.
PRODUCTS CONTAINING PHYTOESTROGENS FOR WOMEN: LIST (TABLE)
| Foods rich in phytoestrogens TOP-50 (mcg per 100 g) |
||||
| Name | Coumestrol | Isoflavones | Lignans | Total Phytoestrogens |
| Flax-seed | 46,8 | 321,4 | 379 012 | 379 380 |
| Soya beans | 1,5 | 103 649 | 269,2 | 103 920 |
| soy nuts | 37,1 | 68 571 | 122,2 | 68 730 |
| Tofu | 0,7 | 27 118 | 30,9 | 27 150 |
| Tempe | 0,6 | 18 277 | 29,6 | 18 307 |
| soy protein | 2,4 | 16 122 | 99,4 | 16 223 |
| miso paste | 2,4 | 11 131 | 63,9 | 11 197 |
| soy yogurt | 0,5 | 10 227 | 46,6 | 10 275 |
| soy protein powder | 0,5 | 8 823 | 16,5 | 8 840 |
| Sesame seeds | 0,4 | 10,5 | 7 997 (excluding sesamin) | 8 008 (excluding sesamin) |
| linen bread | 0,6 | 300,8 | 7 239 | 7 540 |
| soy bacon | — | 5 998 | 35,1 | 6 033 |
| black bean sauce | 0,6 | 5 319 | 10,5 | 5 330 |
| multigrain bread | 0,5 | 2,6 | 4 785 | 4 798 |
| Soy milk | 0,6 | 2 944 | 12,3 | 2 957 |
| Donuts | 0,1 | 2 872 | 31,4 | 2 903 |
| Protein bar | 0,2 | 2 703 | 19,6 | 2 723 |
| soy burger | 0,2 | 1 656 | 15,2 | 1 671 |
| Miso soup | 0,0 | 1 467 | 2,8 | 1 470 |
| Hummus | 0,0 | 13,6 | 979,4 | 993 |
| Black licorice (licorice) | 3,8 | 433 | 415 | 862 |
| soybean sprouts | — | 787 | 2,2 | 789 |
| Garlic | 0,1 | 20,3 | 583 | 603 |
| mung bean sprouts | 136,6 | 229,8 | 128,7 | 495 |
| Dried apricots (dried apricots) | 4,2 | 39,8 | 400,5 | 444,5 |
| alfalfa sprouts | 2,5 | 394 | 44,8 | 441 |
| pistachios | 6,7 | 176,9 | 198,9 | 382 |
| dried dates | 0,8 | 5,1 | 323,6 | 329 |
| Sunflower seeds | 0,1 | 5,7 | 210,3 | 216 |
| chestnuts | 2,4 | 21,2 | 186,6 | 210 |
| dried prunes | 1,8 | 4,2 | 177,5 | 183 |
| Olive oil | 0,1 | 38 | 142,6 | 180 |
| Soy sauce (according to other data, it does not contain isoflavones) | 0,4 | 135 | 14,3 | 149 |
| Rye bread | 0,0 | 3,4 | 142,9 | 146 |
| Walnuts | 0,6 | 53,3 | 85,7 | 139 |
| Almond | 1,5 | 18 | 111,7 | 131 |
| Cashew nuts | 0,4 | 22,1 | 99,4 | 121 |
| Pumpkin | 0,0 | 0,3 | 113,3 | 113 |
| Hazelnut | 0,3 | 30,2 | 77,1 | 107 |
| green beans | 0,0 | 39 | 66,8 | 105 |
| Kale | 1,5 | 1,9 | 97,8 | 101 |
| Broccoli | 0,0 | 0,2 | 93,9 | 94 |
| Peanut butter | 0,1 | 42,4 | 37,6 | 80,1 |
| Cabbage | 0,0 | 0,9 | 79,1 | 80 |
| white beans | 0,1 | 39,1 | 33,5 | 72 |
| Peaches | 0,1 | 2,6 | 61,8 | 64 |
| sesame bread | 0,0 | 2,5 | 52,6 | 55 |
| Red wine | 0,1 | 16,5 | 37,3 | 53,9 |
| strawberries | 0,3 | 2,4 | 48,9 | 51 |
| mung beans | 0,0 | 4,3 | 43,7 | 48 |
Herbs with phytoestrogens for women
- Cimicifuga
The herbal plant black cohosh (or Black cohosh) is often used for relief as well as menstrual cramps. It is one of the best selling natural supplements for women in the West. For liver problems and a predisposition to breast cancer, a doctor's consultation is required before use.
- Liquorice
Licorice root is sometimes used as a phytoestrogenic agent in the form of syrup, tea or tablets. It is believed that it can reduce the symptoms of menopause. Long-term use in high doses can be toxic.
- Ginseng
Ginseng root (Panex ginseng) provides energy and is also used to treat sexual dysfunction and menopausal symptoms. It can be bought as a powder, extract, added to tea. For some people, ginseng consumption can lead to side effects such as insomnia and high blood pressure.
- (Dong Quai)
This herb is used in traditional Chinese medicine. She is credited with the ability to reduce hot flashes during menopause and menstrual pain in women.
- evening primrose
- Red clover
Rich in isoflavones such as genistein and daizen. In addition to the benefits that phytoestrogens provide, this herb can also thin the blood, which is especially dangerous when taking clover before surgery or with aspirin or anticoagulants.