German lessons online. How to quickly learn German on your own. most important dating questions

Germany is a beautiful country with good food and delicious beer, a developed economy and beautiful scenery, excellent study programs for students, so more and more people want to learn German from scratch.

This article is intended for persons over 18 years of age.

Are you over 18 already?

Features of learning German

A lot of people want to know how it is possible and whether it is possible to learn a foreign language (in our particular case, German) quickly, simply and painlessly. Yes, it is possible and quite feasible, but in a pair, with a teacher or in special linguistic courses, sometimes it turns out easier and better. And here the point is not that someone will explain the basics of grammar to you and put the necessary information into your head, because in the end you can come to everything yourself. The fact is that the courses increase your desire to learn. The main problem that all beginners face is the lack of strong motivation, interest and fortitude, self-control. It is these qualities that allow, after long days, weeks and months, to start speaking a foreign dialect with ease and beauty.

If you do not have a clearly defined goal and desire to achieve it, then it is very difficult to force yourself to sit regularly for several hours a day over textbooks memorizing words, sentences, articles, irregular verbs and grammar.

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How to start learning German from scratch on your own?

The beginning is always the most difficult in the learning process, the end result depends on how everything goes. There are many different methods and ways to learn a foreign syllable, but you need to start, of course, from the very basics - the alphabet, letters and their sound.

You can buy manuals that are usually bought for children, self-help books for beginners, or download free introductory video lessons from websites that help you learn German on your own. Children's books and textbooks are a very good option if you do not know a single foreign dialect, as they have a clear plan and structure, explain grammar and rules in an accessible and simple way, taking into account the psychology and knowledge of a beginner.

c"> Ways to learn German at home

In order to achieve the desired results, you need to make some efforts, show self-discipline and perseverance, because you will need to spend several hours behind textbooks. But besides the standard cramming and memorizing grammar rules, other learning options can be used.

Increasingly, children in schools or language courses are using the game method, which makes it easy to remember the necessary information, learn complex grammar and expand vocabulary. The easiest way is to place in the house cards with the names of objects in the language being studied, a table of irregular verbs or articles that are so difficult to remember. Stumbling eyes on this or that record, you will remember its meaning. In the future, the task can be complicated by adding different characteristics or descriptions to the words.

It is not for nothing that children at school are recommended to read a lot in order to learn to speak well. Even if you still do not understand everything well, still look through books and magazines in the right dialect, look at pictures and look for words in the dictionary, write them out in a notebook, enriching your speech.

If you have already gone through several lessons on your own, learned the basic phrases for greeting and want to continue in the same spirit, then you should register on special free learning sites. You can chat with a fellow student like yourself, chat with an ethnic German, or find a German-speaking friend who studies Slavic languages with whom you can exchange valuable tips and help with your studies.

d"> Difficulties in learning German that should not scare

It is impossible to answer the questions whether it is difficult to learn German, how much it can be done, how quickly to start reading and writing. It all depends, as mentioned above, on your determination and perseverance, desire and patience. But even the most diligent students face difficulties, here are some of them:

many dialects that are not always understandable for those who learn the language from scratch;
fast speech, during which words are distorted and letters disappear;
complex grammar with many irregular verbs, articles and other things;
incomprehensible sentence structure and slang.

But they should not be frightening, because everything can be overcome, learned and understood, found in smart books, heard over a glass of beer and a plate of delicious sausages, because the people of Germany are very responsive and will always help those who are trying to master their native language.

Dann… Los geht's! “Then… let’s go!”

Seien Sie willkommem! — Welcome!

Acquaintance, as a rule, begins with questions, with our interest in the interlocutor.

10 most important dating questions:

Wie heissen Sie? What is your name?

Wie alt sind Sie? How old are you?

Ich bin 25 Jahre alt.

Woher kommen Sie?Where are you from?

Ich komme aus …

Wo wohnen Sie? Where do you live?

Ich wohne in Moscow…

Wo arbeiten Sie?Where do you work?

Was sind Sie von Beruf?What is your profession?

Ich bin Lehrer/… von Beruf

Was studieren Sie?What do you study? (in university)

Ich studiere Medizin/…

Sprechen Sie Deutsch?Do you speak German?

Nein. Ich spreche English

Sind Sie verheiratet?Are you married?

Haben Sie Kinder? Do you have children?

Nein./Ja, ich habe 2 Kinder.

Advice to all beginners: compose !Learn it! And you will feel much more confident.

Reading aloud following dialogues!

The dialogue “Wie heißen Sie?”

Entschuldigen Sie! Sorry!
Sind Sie Frau Smirnowa? Are you Mrs. Smirnova?

♦ Ja, ich bin Smirnowa. Yes, I'm Smirnova.

Guten Tag Frau Smirnowa! Good afternoon, Mrs. Smirnova!
Mein Name ist Berg. Rudolf Berg. My last name is Berg. Rudolf Berg.

♦ Sehr angenehm, Herr Berg! Very nice, Mr Berg!

Das ist Frau Richter. This is Miss Richter.
Sie spricht ganz gut Russisch. She speaks good Russian.
Sie hilft Ihnen gern. She will gladly help you.

♦ Das ist sehr schön ! Vielen Dank. It is very good. Thanks a lot.

Word schonIt can be both an adjective and an adverb. Depending on this, it is translated either " beautiful"or" Beautiful«.

Guten Tag! Hello!
Mein Name ist Olga. My name is Olga.
Und wie heissen Sie? And what is your name?

♦ Ich heisse Alexander. My name is Alexander.

Woher kommen Sie? Where are you from?

♦ Ich komme aus Russland. I came from Russia.

Was machen Sie in Deutschland? What are you doing in Germany?

♦ Ich reise gern. I like to travel.
Hier bin ich als Tourist. I am here as a tourist.

Sie sprechen aber gut Deutsch! You speak good German.

♦ Nein, nein. Nur einbisschen. No no. Only a little.

Ich wünsche Ihnen I wish you
Alles Gute! Good luck!
Gute Reise. Have a good travel.

♦ Vielen Dank. Thanks a lot.
Auf Wiedersehen. Goodbye .

Tschus. (Chus) Bye.

Dialog "Ist hier noch frei?"

Guten Tag, ist hier noch frei?
Hello, is it still free here?

Ja, bitte. Sind Sie neue hier?
Yes please. Are you new here?

Ja, ich arbeite erst drei Tage hier.
Yes, I only work three days here.

Ah so. Und was machen Sie?
Ahh. And what are you doing?

Ich bin Ingenieur. Und Sie?
I am an engineer. AND YOU?

Ich bin Programmer.
I am a programmer.

Ubrigens. Ich heisse Klaus Henkel.
By the way. My name is Klaus Henkel.

Ich bin John Roberts.
I am John Robert.

Kommen Sie aus England?
Did you come from England?

Nein, aus Neuseeland.
No, from New Zealand.

Sie sprechen aber schon gut Deutsch.
You already speak good German.

Na ja, es geht.
Yes, it's ok.

Pay attention to these phrases:

Mein Name ist = Ich heiße = Ich bin
My name is = My name is = I am

Auf Wiedersehen.
Goodbye.

Auf Wiederhoren.(used when talking on the phone)

Tschus(used in a friendly environment)

Bis dann - Bis nachher - Bis später
See you later. Bye.

6.00-11.00 – Guten Morgen Good morning!
11.00-18-00 — Guten Tag Good afternoon!
18.00 -… — Guten Abend Good evening!

Agree that conducting a telephone conversation for a beginner to learn a foreign language is perhaps the most difficult task. But, overcome this fear, pick up the phone and win the first victory over your insecurities!
When picking up the phone, do not be silent and do not say “yes ...”, but give your last name and say the phrase:

Müller am Apparat. / Hirist Frau Maus. / Bei Doctor Otto. Mein Name ist… Ich bin die Haushalterin(I am a housekeeper)
Was kann ich fur Sie tun?
What can I do for you?

Don't get lost. Try to get the point.

Usually the Germans pronounce the name of the company or institution very quickly, and then their last name and first name.

If you do not understand what is at stake, you can use the following phrases:

Frau M. ist derzeit nicht zu Hause . — Mrs. M. is not at home at the moment.

Konnen Sie bitte langsamer sprechen? — Could you please speak more slowly?

Wie bitte?- How?

Wiederholen Sie bitte! —Repeat please!

Es tut mir leid, ich verstehe das Wort nicht. Unfortunately, I don't understand the word.

Was haben Sie gesagt? — What did you say?

Er/Sie ist nicht zu Hause. — He/She is not at home.

Konnen Sie bitte nach 18.00 Uhr anrufen. —Could you call after 18.00.

Situation: Your home is called.

Ivanov. Guten Tag!
Ivanov. Hello!

Guten Tag Herr Ivanov. Schwarz ist mein Nahme. Ich bin Kollega Ihrer Frau. Kann ich mit Ihr kurz sprechen?
Hello, Mr. I. Schwartz is my surname. I am your wife's colleague. Can I talk to her.

Tut mir leid, Herr Schwarz, meine Frau ist zur Zeit nicht zu Hause.
Unfortunately, Mr. Schwartz, my wife is not at home at this time = my wife is not at home.

Danke. Ich wünche Ihnen schönen Tag noch. Auf wiederhoren.
Thank you. I wish you a good day yet = have a good day. Goodbye.

Gleich falls. Auf wiederhoren.
You the same. Goodbye

Du hast das Buch gelesen . — You have read the book.

Sie ist mit dem auto gefahren . — She left by car.

◊ So, we see that:

A simple verb-predicate is in 2nd place in a simple declarative sentence.
If the predicate consists of 2 verbs (auxiliary and main), then in 2nd place is auxiliary, which is conjugated, and at the end of the sentence is the past participle (Partizip 2).

1.2 Incentive offers

We express a request, an order with a verb and put it on first place:

Machen Sie bitte das Fenster zu! —Please close the window!

Entschuldigen Sie! - Sorry!
Gehen Sie! — Go!
Fahre ! — Go!

The verb is in 1st place in the imperative sentence.

1.3 Interrogative sentences

Our question we ask is either question word, or with the verb:

was brauchen wir? salz
What do we need? salt
Brauchen wir Salz? ja/nein
do we need salt? Not really
haben Sie keinen Tee? Doch/Nein
Do you have any tea? Doch - (positive answer to the negative in the question: we have)

The verb is in 2nd place if the question begins with an interrogative word.
By asking a question with a verb, we get an answer Not really.

Question words:

Who? Wer? Wer kommt aus Spanien? — Ich komme aus Spanien. — I came from Spain.
How? wie? wie heissen Sie? — Ich heisse Olga. — My name is Olga.
Where? Woher? Woher kommst du? — Ich komme aus Russland. — I came from Russia.
What? Was? was spriechst du ? — Ich spreche Russisch. — I speak Russian.
Where? Wo? Wo Wohnen Sie? — Ich wohne in Bonn. — I live in Bonn.

1.4 Comparison offers

Er ist grösser als du . — He is bigger than you.

Das Haus hat nach der Renovierung viel größer ausgesehen al vorher.
The house after the renovation looked much bigger than before.

Comparison als vorher stands at the end of the sentence.

1.5 Dativ and Akkusativ supplements

Everything that is in the 3rd field ( additions) are subject to the following rules:

if two nouns act as a complement, then:

noun in Dative (to whom? what? where? when?) comes before a noun in Akkusativ (whom? what? where?)

Ich gebe dem Vater die Tasche. — I give my father a bag.

pronoun comes before a noun: a short before long

Ich gebe ihm das Buch. — I give him the book.

♦ if two pronouns then Accusative stands before Dative

Du gibst es ihm. — you give him to him.

time (when?) stands in front of the place (where?)

Sie treffen sich am Montag um 18 Uhr vor dem Bahnhof. — They meet on Monday at 6 pm in front of the station.

Wir treffen uns morgen. Vis bald! — We'll meet tomorrow. See you later!

I think that first, so that interest in the language does not disappear, it is worth starting with materials that are entertaining and educational at the same time. In this regard, I can advise you the following:

German is a language that immediately starts with difficulties. The difficulty of this is the articles that determine the gender of the noun, and he - this gender - in German most often does not coincide with Russian (the most famous example here is "das Mädchen" - a girl who is neuter in German; the article das indicates the gender, and there are also der and die + indefinite ein and eine). So you either have to stupidly memorize ALL nouns along with the articles that belong to them, or use the game "Der-Die-Das", and it is an excellent tool for memorizing articles (and for replenishing vocabulary, by the way, too), since they are there divided into simple, medium and complex. Don't leave this game unattended.

Well, I will allow myself a little self-promotion) I once wrote small fairy tales on German grammar, and they were published on the de-online website. One of these tales is "How Nastya freed articles". People liked it) Read it, maybe it will somehow help you in studying articles.

There is also a good audio course for beginners: "Deutsch - Warum nicht?": Consisting of four episodes, it tells the story of a student journalist Andreas and his invisible companion Ax. Each series includes 26 lessons with dialogues, exercises and audio materials. There are textbooks for this course (one for each series), which are downloaded separately.

As for textbooks, in addition to "German Grammar with a Human Face" (a textbook with pure theory, without exercises), I can also recommend V. V. Yartsev's textbook "German Grammar? Don't be afraid!" the form of a journey in the forest through different glades. Exercises are provided for each section, and answers are given at the end of the textbook.

To memorize irregular verbs - the song "Die Poetischen Verben": these verbs are sung there in rhyme, thanks to which they are perfectly remembered. There are 40 irregular verbs in this song - for starters, that's it.

To memorize some prepositions - a poem by A. Khotimsky "Revived Prepositions".

After your level gets higher (about A2), you can start watching the comedy series "Extra Deutsch" in German, filmed specifically for beginners: each episode comes with German subtitles, the dialogues are quite simple and they are pronounced by the characters rather slowly - so that you will have time to hear everything clearly and read it. Each series in PDF format comes with exercises with keys, which is a definite plus. All this can be found at the link above.

Well, and as a bonus: a good site for learning German. I will not say unnecessary words, I will only say that there is EVERYTHING for learning German and getting to know the culture of Germany.

Good luck with your language learning! Viel Spas!

The manual consists of two parts: a tutorial and a phrase book.
In the tutorial, grammar rules are set out in a simple, accessible language, and exercises are also given to consolidate vocabulary and grammar. When studying grammar, you simultaneously learn a lot of words and expressions that are useful in everyday life using examples.
In the phrasebook you will find a number of topics for new acquaintances, friendly conversations and everyday communication.
At the end of the manual there is a list of Internet sites where you can find a lot of interesting information about Germany, the Germans and their culture. The manual is intended for everyone who wants to learn German.

CONTENT
Preface 4
Grammar
Reading and pronunciation 6
Article 9
noun 12
adjective 17
Pronoun 24
Verb 28
Name numeral 53
Preposition 56
Adverb 67
Fundamentals of word formation 71
Simple sentence 84
Complex sentence 94
Test 98
Answers to exercises 100
Phrasebook
Speech etiquette 112
Conversational situations 115
Time, days of the week, months, seasons 122
Nature and weather 127
Acquaintance 138
Flirt 147
Job 152
Hobby 158
In the city 162
Museums and theaters 169
Transport 176
At customs 199
Bank 202
In hotel 204
In store 210
Restaurant 230
Sports 243
At the hairdresser and beauty salon 252
Religion 255
Medical assistance 260
Internet guide 269

Reading and pronunciation.
Learning to read German is not difficult. It is necessary to pay attention only to some features. Features of reading consonants:

The letter h at the beginning of a word or root is read as an aspirated x: Herz (heart). In the middle and end of words, it is not readable, but serves to lengthen the previous vowel: fahren (to go), froh (cheerful, joyful).
The letter j is pronounced like й, and in combinations ja and jit, the Russian ear hears me and yu: Jahr (year), Juni (June).
The letter I is always softened when reading: Blume (flower).
Most Germans pronounce the sound g in a burr: Re gen (rain).
The letter s before or between vowels is read as z: Sonne (sun), lesen (read).
The letter fi is read as with: grofi (big).
The consonants k, p, t are pronounced with some aspiration: Park (park), Torte (cake), Koffer (suitcase).
The letter v is pronounced like f: Vater (father). Only in rare cases (most often in borrowed words) is it pronounced as in: Vase (vase).
The letter w is read as a Russian sound in: Wort (word).
Double consonants are read as single ones, but at the same time they shorten the leading vowel: Sommer (summer), Mutter (mother).

Free download e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book German for beginners, Tutorial, Phrasebook, Grosche Yu.V., 2008 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

Download pdf
Below you can buy this book at the best discounted price with delivery throughout Russia.

German is a language that immediately starts with difficulties. The difficulty of this is the articles that determine the gender of the noun, and he - this gender - in German most often does not coincide with Russian (the most famous example here is "das Mädchen" - a girl who is neuter in German; the article das indicates the gender, and there are also der and die + indefinite ein and eine). So you either have to stupidly memorize ALL nouns along with the articles that belong to them, or use the game "Der-Die-Das", and it is an excellent tool for memorizing articles (and for replenishing vocabulary, by the way, too), since they are there divided into simple, medium and complex. Don't leave this game unattended.

To memorize some prepositions - a poem by A. Khotimsky "Revived Prepositions".

Well, and as a bonus: a good site for learning German. I will not say unnecessary words, I will only say that there is EVERYTHING for learning German and getting to know the culture of Germany.

Good luck with your language learning! Viel Spas!