The site's observer studied the biography of the major pre-revolutionary manufacturer Alexei Abrikosov, who founded the A. I. Abrikosov and Sons" (now it is the Babaevsky concern) and influenced the creation of a system of higher economic education.
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At the end of the Russian Empire, a whole galaxy of large entrepreneurs appeared. Before the onset of the revolution, they managed to influence many industries, including on a global scale, but as a result, their enterprises went into the possession of the state, and their names were erased through propaganda efforts for many decades.
These include Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov. The son of a merchant of the third guild, who did not make a huge fortune and did not create large enterprises, Alexey Ivanovich created his business practically from scratch. He was able to grow a huge confectionery concern and became famous for the quality of his products.
Origins of the Abrikosov family. early years
The history of the Abrikosov family begins in the village of Troitskoye, Penza province. The local landowners had a talented serf who was brilliant at making jam and other sweets. His name was Stepan Nikolaev. In 1804, he convinced his lady to let him and his family go to Moscow on quitrent. Some researchers of the Abrikosov family describe this event so colorfully that it involuntarily seems that Stepan was then under 30 years old. In fact, Nikolaev was already 64 years old. Apparently, he dreamed of going to Moscow for an impressive part of his life, and now his dream has come true.
There is a version that the serf was sent to the quitrent earlier, and in 1804 he was simply able to ransom the family. There is also an exotic option: allegedly Stepan convinced the lady to give him and his family freedom. Considering that serfs were a kind of currency for landowners, this is almost unrealistic.
Be that as it may, at the beginning of the 19th century, Nikolaev and his family organized their own production of sweets and jam, as well as a small shop. His sons Ivan and Vasily became his assistants. Things soon went smoothly, and their skills were recognized in Moscow. Gradually they developed their own client base: they mainly fulfilled orders for holidays and weddings.
The heirs of Stepan Nikolaev received the surname “Abrikosov” in 1814. According to historians, they were awarded it for selling sweets, jams and fruits: the family of confectioners was best at making apricot pastille. The Abrikosovs themselves insisted that the surname came from the word “rent”, and later people changed it to take into account the family’s occupation.
In 1812, Stepan Nikolaev died, leaving a well-organized business to his sons. It was headed, apparently, by Ivan Stepanovich - a man not lacking in adventurism. Developing the family business in war-torn Moscow, he was so successful that he began to increase his staff. Instead of hiring new employees in the capital, he went to his native village and invited his cousins to work - either he bought them from serfs, or they were already free. This happened in 1830, when Ivan Stepanovich was already a merchant of the second guild and had a chance to join the first.
In 1824, Ivan Abrikosov had a son, Alexey. When he was 11 years old, his father sent him to the Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences. Judging by his memoirs, Alexey tried to study well and demonstrated a brilliant mind - in general, he showed great promise. He could have hoped to successfully graduate from the academy and continue his studies at the university, but everything turned out completely differently.
In 1838, Abrikosov Sr. faced a crisis and could no longer pay for his son’s education. Alexei left his student days to work in the office of Hoffmann, who traded sugar and was a supplier to Alexei’s father. The teenager had to keep accounts, carry letters and parcels to the post office, and even work as a gatekeeper.
Apparently, he worked well: after the death of the chief accountant of the office, Hoffman appointed Alexei in his place, and the future entrepreneur coped with the position. He spent his earnings as little as possible to raise capital for his own business. In 1847, he decided to quit and start working on his own. Hoffman supported his former assistant with money, advice and connections, and also helped him get a bank loan. So Abrikosov was able to begin creating his own confectionery business, which in the future will become an empire.
WriteAbrikosov Alexey Ivanovich - (01/06/1875 - 04/09/55) - Russian pathologist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor, professor at the 1st Moscow Medical Institute.
Childhood and university studies.
Alexey Ivanovich was born in 1875 in Moscow. His family belonged to the merchant class, his grandfather, full namesake, was a successful merchant who founded the confectionery factory “Partnership A.I. Abrikosov and sons".In 1899, Abrikosov graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University. While studying at the university, his teachers were such prominent scientists as I.M. Sechenov, F.F. Erisman, N.F. Filatov, N.D. Zelinsky. After graduating from Moscow University, Alexey Ivanovich continued his studies in clinics in Vienna, Paris and Berlin. In 1902, when he was 27 years old, he became an assistant prosector at the Department of Pathological Anatomy at Moscow University.
Defense of doctoral dissertation.
In 1904, Abrikosov defended his doctoral dissertation. His scientific work was called “On the first anatomical changes at the onset of pulmonary tuberculosis.” The doctor remained interested in this topic for many years - he subsequently studied the pathological anatomy of tuberculosis for more than 20 years. Alexey Ivanovich’s merits in this area have also been recognized by the fact that to this day “Abrikosov’s focus” is called the initial manifestation of tuberculosis, which can be determined by the structure of the lung tissue. In 1904, he also became a private assistant professor at the Faculty of Medicine at Moscow University.Activities after the revolution.
In 1918, under the leadership of Abrikosov, a dissection commission of the Moscow Department of Health was created. In 1921, first the Moscow and then the national prosectoral (pathoanatomical) service was formed. It was headed by Ippolit Vasilyevich Davydovsky, who largely owed this appointment to Alexey Ivanovich.In the 20-30s, the pathological service of the USSR was rightfully considered one of the best in the world. At this time, comparison of clinical and pathological diagnoses became mandatory. In addition, all materials that were removed by surgeons during the operation were examined under a microscope. A unified autopsy report form was created. At this time, clinical and anatomical conferences began to be actively held in clinics. Abrikosov often held such conferences. He always drew attention to the fact that a dissection (pathoanatomical) autopsy is not only a study of the structure of a particular material, but also a clinical study of it. Thus, Alexey Ivanovich believed that a pathologist, as a result of his career growth, should become a clinical researcher. Abrikosov's main task at that time was to establish the importance of pathological anatomy as a generally accepted method of scientific control that helps improve diagnosis and treatment. The work of the prosector, according to Alexey Ivanovich, should serve, first of all, the interests of the patient.
Embalming Lenin.
In 1924, Abrikosov, together with a group of specialists, carried out the first embalming of Lenin’s body. He also took part in the autopsy of the leader’s body and established the cause of his death. According to researcher Lopukhin, it was progressive paralysis, the terminal stage of syphilic brain damage. However, in order to “preserve the bright image of the leader,” the presence of luetic lesions was not mentioned in the report. The conclusion that Lenin died from vascular atherosclerosis was added later and the main goal was precisely to conceal the true causes of the leader’s death.Professor S.N. Illarioshkin is of the opinion that Abrikosov did not falsify the results of the autopsy. According to his data, there were no lesions characteristic of syphilis in Lenin’s brain and the conclusion made by Abrikosov about atherosclerosis as the cause of the leader’s death is absolutely correct.
Work at the Department of Pathological Anatomy.
In the early 20s, Abrikosov created an outstanding team at the department of pathological anatomy, whose members subsequently occupied departments of pathological anatomy in many leading medical universities in the country. Alexey Ivanovich’s scientific activities during these years were extremely diverse. In total, more than 500 different studies were conducted under the guidance of the scientist. In particular, allergic and infectious diseases, rheumatism, typhus, and rabies were studied. Abrikosov described a benign muscle tumor, which was called “Abrikosov’s tumor.” In addition, the researcher paid attention to pathologies of the nervous system, heart and blood vessels.Abrikosov also contributed to changing the principles of teaching anatomy in universities. In particular, it is largely thanks to him that students study the pathological anatomy of diseases, rather than individual organs.
Activities during the war and after its end.
During the Great Patriotic War, Abrikosov studied changes in lung tissue due to gunshot wounds. Thanks to this scientific work, a unified military field surgical doctrine was created, which made it possible to save tens of thousands of people.In 1951, the case of “pest doctors” was initiated. As part of the investigation into this case, Abrikosov, as well as his wife Fanya Davidovna Wulf, an assistant in the department of pathological anatomy, were suspended from work at the Kremlin hospital. Everyone expected that even more severe repressions would soon begin. However, in March 1953, Stalin died and the case was soon closed. However, Alexey Ivanovich could no longer return to his direct activities. He resigned, and in 1955 he died. A year after the death of the doctor, the lane where the old building of the Department of Pathological Anatomy is located was named Abrikosov. His son, Alexey Alekseevich Abrikosov, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003.
Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 14
Educational project : "Entrepreneurship in Russia: returning to the roots"
Subject: Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov
Prepared educational project
student of class 10 "A"
Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 14
Kapirina Anna.
Kolomna 2010
Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov(February 20, 1824 - January 31, 1904) - Russian entrepreneur, manufacturer, who founded the confectionery factory “Partnership of A. I. Abrikosov’s Sons” (now the Babaevsky concern) in the second half of the 19th century, and also owned confectionery and tea stores in Moscow, Supplier of the Court of His Imperial Majesty, Chairman of the Board of the Accounting Bank, Actual State Councilor.
Founder of the Abrikosov dynasty
The founder of the future chocolate empire is considered to be the serf Stepan Nikolaev. It is known that Stepan was fond of culinary crafts from childhood; he was especially good at making jam and marmalade from apples and berries. In 1804, 64-year-old Stepan, apparently having pleased the old lady with some special treat, persuaded the old woman to give him his freedom and went to seek economic happiness in Moscow. I found him in Kitai-Gorod, where, together with his sons Ivan and Vasily, he organized a modest handicraft production and small-scale trade in jam and sweets. Soon a regular clientele appeared, ordering products from the workshop for parties and weddings. The quality of the products was such that, according to family legend, the abbot of the nearby Novospassky monastery even blessed Stepan with an ancient icon for marshmallows and marmalade. This icon then protected the Abrikosovs until 1917. And that same marshmallow - made from grainy apricots - subsequently served as the basis for the emergence of the surname of the famous merchant family, which was officially established for them in 1814, and before that, in 1812, the son of Stepan Nikolaevich - Ivan - received permission to open a "trading house ". Ivan Stepanovich married the 15-year-old serf maid of honor Orlova-Chesmenskaya, and on February 20, 1824, his son Alexei Ivanovich was born, so he would become the “chocolate king of Russia” in the future. But that's in the future. And in 1838, when the heir was only 14 years old, the income of the Abrikosovs’ “trading house” fell, and his father was forced to take him away from the prestigious Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences. A fourth-grade dropout student was forced to earn his own living, for which he was hired to work in Hoffmann's commission agency, which was mainly engaged in the sale of sugar. Here Alyosha went through his “universities”. The diligent boy worked as a gatekeeper and accountant, ran to the post office and delivered purchases, and along the way he studied a lot and willingly. Not only commerce, but also accounting, so he didn’t stay in the “boys” for long, he rose to the rank of chief accountant, and finally, in 1847, Alexey Ivanovich was already able to leave the owner and open his own, albeit small, “confectionery establishment in the city part ". Having established some business of my own, it’s time to think about my personal life. And in those days, this meant only one thing: it was time to get married.
Partnership of Fathers and Sons
At some regular family celebration, kind people, or rather matchmakers, just like in Ostrovsky’s plays, introduced Abrikosov to Agrippina Alexandrovna Musatova, the daughter of a famous perfume and tobacco manufacturer. The young man did not hesitate, and in 1849 a modest wedding took place. As a dowry from her father, Agrippina Alexandrovna, Abrikosov’s chosen one and faithful companion for life, received 5 thousand rubles, which also greatly contributed to the development of the family business. At first, the young people lived in a small house on Varvarka. Everyone worked: Alexey Ivanovich was engaged in the preparation of berries and fruits every day, for which he personally went to the Bolotny Bazaar, he did not trust this operation to anyone, in addition, he kept accounting, and his beloved wife and older children, Nikolai and Anna, helped wrap the finished caramel in wrappers. We lived together. The happy couple had 22 children - 10 boys and 12 girls, seventeen of whom, like their parents, were healthy, strong in faith, successful in their business, happy in their families and lived to an old age. They worked honestly and creatively. Soon, its own confectionery production had “40 hearths for cooking sweets,” which produced more than 30 pounds of products per year. In the list of factories and factories in Moscow, compiled in 1850, Abrikosovs were only briefly mentioned - so, they say, “a confectionery establishment in the city part.” And already in 1877, the “confectionery establishment” was transformed into the “Factory Trade Partnership of A.I. Abrikosov’s sons.” And it was truly a Partnership - with a capital letter, a community and the common cause of the family, and not the current, as often happens, “a combination of a snake and a squirrel in one,” often dictated only by the sad need to have some kind of “roof.” The partnership between the father and sons of the Abrikosovs had by that time become the largest Moscow mechanized enterprise, producing more than 500 tons of products per year for a total amount of 325 thousand rubles (which, based on the purchasing power of the ruble at that time, corresponds to 5 million today's dollars). In the spring of 1879, in Sokolniki, on Malaya Krasnoselskaya, a four-hectare plot of land was purchased for the construction of a new factory. New stores of the Partnership also appeared in Moscow - on Tverskaya, Kuznetsky Most, in the Solodovnikov Passage - some of the brightest and most interesting in the capital in terms of the richness of their decoration. The Apricots opened a shop right at the factory, where sweets were sold at a big discount. When the time came to involve his older children in the business, Alexey Ivanovich sent a petition to the Moscow Governor-General: “I wish to transfer the factory that belongs to me in its entirety to my sons Nikolai and Ivan Alekseevich Abrikosov.” Next came a very characteristic postscript for that time: “We, the undersigned, want to acquire the factory of A.I. Abrikosov, we want to maintain (that’s the key word: maintain! Even now no one refuses to acquire a highly profitable father’s business, but to properly maintain in order, and so that it is no worse than that of the parents - not everyone is eager! This was already the case in those days, and this is how it is now. But everything turned out well for the Abrikosovs and their children. His children want to support him! - A.K. ) and carry out work under the company "A.I. Abrikosov's sons." By the beginning of the 20th century, the Partnership had grown into a huge, according to then ideas, corporation, producing four thousand tons of caramel, sweets, chocolate and biscuits per year. 1,900 people were provided with work by the Abrikosovs' "chocolate empire". Production, like any successful business , constantly expanded and rebuilt.
"Sweet life
In 1902, the Abrikosovs notified the Moscow city government that all of the Partnership’s previous factory buildings should be excluded from the tax assessment rolls as “broken since April 1 of this year.” And within six months, a new, ultra-modern confectionery enterprise appears in Sokolniki. On the ground floor of the three-story stone building there were chocolate, apple, and brewing workshops; on the second - pastille; on the third - candy and caramel. In the other, also three-story, but smaller, there was a biscuit workshop and premises for storing products. This is how production was organized. And for the workers, they built a wonderful, comfortable dormitory here, where everyone had their own room (while other Moscow enterprises usually had work bedrooms with 40-50 beds in two tiers). In a company created by high professionals in their field, qualified personnel were, of course, especially valued. It is known, for example, that in addition to the legendary marshmallow, Abrikosov was also famous for its glazed fruits. Only foreign confectioners knew the recipe for making these miracles. Then Abrikosov equipped a special laboratory at the factory, hired first-class specialists, sent his best workers to this task, and the tasty secret was revealed! The monopoly of overseas glazed sweets is over. Abrikosovsky watermelons in chocolate (which were not inferior in size to the real Astrakhan ones!), plums and cherries have since become the sweetest part of memories of past Russia. But all this was carried out by people. Therefore, for the “chocolate king of Russia”, a man of faith, accustomed from childhood to respecting his own and other people’s work, it was self-evident that in his factory workers were provided with free food at the factory, given gifts on holidays (and there were up to thirty days of holidays a year then !), provided the opportunity to buy home-made confectionery products 10 times cheaper than in stores. Back in 1898, electricity was installed at the factory, an innovation that was very expensive at that time, but it definitely made working conditions easier. They also took care of people's leisure. And a year later, on weekends, the canteen for workers turned into an auditorium, as they said then, of an “electrotheater,” where all sorts of “foggy pictures from a magic lantern” were shown to the workers, who became one of the first spectators in Moscow. There was also a weekly Open Day, when everyone could get acquainted with the working conditions at the enterprise. The tour began with a three-story mansion, preserved today, where the office was then located. It is this building that can be seen on the logo of the current Babaevsky JSC, the successor to the Abrikosov production.
Charity
As you know, charity has been one of the most sustainable traditions of Russian entrepreneurship. The Abrikosovs did not violate it either. They started with modest annual donations of 100 rubles to hospitals and militia during the Crimean War. Later, Alexey Ivanovich became a member of the committee to assist the families of those killed and wounded in the war with Turkey in 1877, and in 1880 he joined the Council of the House of the Moscow Merchant Society, which was engaged in the construction of free apartments (?!) for participants in that war. I note that, unlike many modern foundations, “positions” on such boards and committees meant only one privilege: the obligation to regularly contribute money to charitable institutions. Agrippina Aleksandrovna Abrikosova was not inferior to her husband in her desire to do good deeds. Being a mother of many children, she well understood the concerns and needs of working women. On her initiative, a free kindergarten was opened at the factory (one of the first in Russia), where 150 working mothers could send their children. Then she organized “a free maternity hospital and a women’s hospital with permanent beds,” where the best obstetricians in Russia were gathered. Over the course of a year, more than two hundred women in labor passed through the shelter, and infant mortality and death during childbirth amounted to a figure that is still unprecedented today—one percent. After the death of Agrippina Alexandrovna in 1901, according to her will, her husband donated 100 thousand rubles to expand the maternity hospital. By decision of the Moscow City Council, it began to be called: “City Free Maternity Shelter named after A.A. Abrikosova.” After the revolution, having taken away their business from the heirs, this exemplary institution was renamed Maternity Hospital No. 6 for some reason named after Krupskaya, a lady who, as you know, had no children. But in 1994, the name of its founder was returned to the famous maternity hospital.
Awards
In 1870 he was added to the class of hereditary honorary citizens. In 1879 he received the title of Commerce Advisor. In the last years of his life, he was awarded the title of actual state councilor, which gave him the right of hereditary nobility. He was awarded the gold medal “For Diligence” on the St. Andrew’s Ribbon (1876), the Orders of St. Anne and St. Stanislav, 2nd degree.
Literature, Internet resource address
1) www.wikipedia.ru
2) www.bg-znanie.ru
3) www.babaev.ru
Russian entrepreneur, manufacturer, who founded the confectionery factory “Partnership of A. I. Abrikosov’s Sons” (now the Babaevsky concern) in the second half of the 19th century, and also owned confectionery and tea shops in Moscow, Supplier of the Court of His Imperial Majesty, Chairman of the Board of the Accounting Bank , actual state councilor.
Grandson of confectioner Stepan Nikolaev, the founder of the dynasty, who came to Moscow from the Penza province to work at the age of 64; his descendants adopted the surname Abrikosov. Alexey Ivanovich studied at the Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences, but did not complete the course. Subsequently, throughout his life he donated to the development of the academy. He worked for hire, and since 1847 he has been an independent entrepreneur. In 1849 he married Agrippina Aleksandrovna Musatova, the daughter of a Moscow perfume and confectionery manufacturer. The dowry's five thousand rubles served as the initial capital for Abrikosov's confectionery enterprise. Alexey Ivanovich and Agrippina Alexandrovna had 22 children - 10 sons and 12 daughters, 17 of them lived to an old age.
In the spring of 1879, the Factory Trade Partnership “A.I. Abrikosov’s Sons” acquired a land plot of 4 hectares on Malaya Krasnoselskaya Street in Sokolniki, where a confectionery factory was built. By the beginning of the 20th century, it was a huge enterprise for those times (1900 employees), where about four thousand tons of caramel, sweets, chocolate and biscuits were produced per year. In 1899, the Partnership "A. I. Abrikosov's Sons" was awarded the honorary title "Supplier of the Court of His Imperial Majesty". Since 1883 - founder and director of the tea trade " Brothers K. and S. Popov." Abrikosov's store was located on Kuznetsky Most in the Solodovnikov passage.
He was among the founders of the Moscow Merchants' Mutual Credit Society (1869), and later became the founder and chairman of the Council of the Accounting Bank (1880-1902).
Alexey Ivanovich and Agrippina Alexandrovna are buried in the cemetery of the Novo-Alekseevsky Monastery in Moscow. In 1926, the monastery was closed and the cemetery was destroyed.
During the Crimean War, Abrikosov made annual 100-ruble donations to hospitals and militia. Later he became a member of the committee to provide assistance to the families of those killed and wounded in the war with Turkey, and in 1880 he joined the Council of the House of the Moscow Merchant Society for free apartments. Served as headman of the Assumption Church on Pokrovka.
At the end of 1889, his wife opened a free maternity hospital and a women’s hospital with “permanent beds for A. A. Abrikosova” (five beds). A.I. Abrikosova bequeathed 100,000 rubles to the city for the construction of a maternity shelter; a building designed by I. A. Ivanov-Shits on Miusskaya Square with 51 beds was consecrated in May 1906 (with the addition of city funds, construction cost 206,000 rubles). By decision of the Moscow City Council, the new maternity hospital began to officially bear the name of Agrippina Aleksandrovna Abrikosova, after the revolution it was renamed the maternity hospital named after N.K. Krupskaya, and in 1994 the name of the founder was returned to it.
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| Abrikosov Alexander Alekseevich (1869-1937) with his wife Glafira Petrovna (nee Smirnova) (1869–1918/1919). OK. 1900 | Chocolate “Ethnographic” with the image of a noble Turkish woman of the 16th century. Production of the confectionery factory A.I. Abrikosov and sons in Moscow. Late XIX - early XX century. | Actor of the Vakhtangov Theater Grigory Abrikosov, the son of actor Andrei Abrikosov, is a descendant of the Abrikosov merchant family. Grigory Abrikosov’s most famous film role is the role of Master Ataman Gritsian Tavrichesky in the musical comedy “Wedding in Malinovka.” |
ABRikosovs, Russian entrepreneurs, public figures, philanthropists. The Abrikosov family traces its origins to the serf peasants of the village of Troitsk, Chembar district, Penza province. The first known representative of the family, Stepan Nikolaev, nicknamed Abrikosov (1737–1812, Moscow), was a servant of the Levashov landowners. In 1804, he received his freedom and came with his family to live in Moscow. According to family legend, the nickname Abrikosov Stepan Nikolaevich received for masterfully making sweets from apricots. In 1811, this nickname was established as a surname. In Moscow, the Abrikosovs founded a family confectionery workshop.
Ivan Stepanovich Abrikosov(1790 or 1792 - 1848, Moscow) in 1820 received the rights of a Moscow merchant of the second guild. He was well known as the owner of a confectionery production plant on Varvarka in his own home. Together with his brother Vasily Stepanovich Abrikosov (1791–1848, Moscow), in 1839–1841 he also owned a tobacco factory “in the house of the merchant Abrikosova” in the Serpukhov part. In 1841, both brothers went bankrupt, and in 1842 their property was sold for debts.
The family business was resumed by the son of I.S. Abrikosov - Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov(February 20 / March 3, 1824, Moscow - January 31 / February 12, 1904, ibid.). He graduated from three classes of a commercial school and began his working life at the age of 14 as a messenger in the commission office for the sugar trade of I.D. Hoffman. Having demonstrated extraordinary abilities, Alexey, at the age of 18, was already performing the duties of an accountant. He renounced his father's debts and founded his own confectionery establishment (1847), eventually turning it into a large production. By that time, the Abrikosov family lived in the third quarter of the Myasnitskaya part. There, at a home enterprise, they made jam, rolled candy, and baked gingerbread. A long-time headman and donor of the Church of the Assumption on Pokrovka, Alexey Abrikosov in 1852–1853 was elected comrade foreman and foreman of the Moscow merchants of the third guild. In 1867, A.I. Abrikosov became a merchant of the first guild, and in 1870 he received the title of hereditary honorary citizen.
In 1872, Abrikosov’s enterprise, which by that time had “40 hearths for cooking sweets,” 120 workers and produced more than 30 thousand pounds of sweets per year (512 tons worth 325 thousand rubles) was transferred to the category of factories. It was located in Maly Uspensky Lane. In order to have cheap and high-quality raw materials, A.I. Abrikosov opened a Simferopol branch in Crimea, which bought fruits for processing into marshmallows and jam. At the same time, he established year-round supplies of fresh fruit to Moscow. A.I. Abrikosov was the first in Russia to use canning technology, ahead of his rivals - the confectionery companies "Einem" (now "Red October") and A. Siu ("Bolshevik"). Alexey Ivanovich took an active part in the daily life of Moscow entrepreneurs. He was one of the founders of the Moscow Accounting Bank (from 1870 a member of its board, in 1882–1902 chairman of the board), the Moscow Merchant Mutual Credit Society (in 1875–1876 a member of the board), and the Anchor insurance company; member of the accounting and loan committees of the Moscow office of the State Bank (1871–1873); tenant and owner of a number of beet sugar factories in the south of Russia. In 1879 he received the rank of commerce adviser, and in 1896 - full state councilor. When, on the initiative of the mayor N.A. Alekseev, fundraising began for the construction of a psychiatric hospital at Kanatchikova Dacha, among the first to respond was A.I. Abrikosov, who donated a thousand rubles.
His wife Agrippina Alexandrovna(1832, Moscow - 1911, ibid.), daughter of tobacco manufacturer A.B. Musatov, owned apartment buildings (Bolshoy Uspensky Lane, 6/5; Maly Uspensky Lane, 6 and 8). The mother of 22 children, in 1889 she established and maintained a maternity hospital with 200 beds, which in 1906 was transformed into the city maternity hospital named after A.A. Abrikosova (after 1917 maternity hospital No. 6 named after N.K. Krupskaya, since 1994 again named after Abrikosova; Second Miusskaya Street, 1/10). Seventeen of the Abrikosov children survived, all of them received higher education.
In 1873, the sons of the Abrikosovs bought a confectionery factory from their father and established a trading house to own it (1874), and from 1880 - a partnership of the sons of A.I. Abrikosov. To expand production, the Abrikosovs bought a four-hectare plot of land on Malaya Krasnoselskaya Street and in the spring of 1879 began construction of a new factory. Construction was completed six years later.
In the 1880-1890s, the Abrikosovs controlled half of the sales of confectionery products in Russia. By 1890, the Abrikosov partnership produced 53 thousand pounds of sweets and caramel, 4.5 thousand pounds of jam - for only 1.5 million rubles. About 600 people worked at the Abrikosov factory at that time. The Abrikosov stores were located on Tverskaya Street, Kuznetsky Most, in the Lubyano-Ilyinsky Rows, in the Solodovnikov Arcade. In terms of richness of decoration, they were among the best stores in the capital. In 1899, the Abrikosov company was awarded the title “Supplier to the Court of His Imperial Majesty.”
The directors of the board of the partnership were brothers; Ivan Alekseevich Abrikosov(1853, Moscow - 1882, ibid.); Nikolai Alekseevich Abrikosov(1850, Moscow - 1936, ibid.), who was at the same time the director of the board of the partnership “Brothers K. and S. Popov”, a member of the Moscow Psychological Society, collaborated in the journal “Questions of Philosophy and Psychology”; Vladimir Alekseevich Abrikosov(1858, Moscow - 1922), who in 1893–1907 was elected as a member of the Moscow City Duma and the Moscow Provincial Zemstvo Assembly, was a full member (1883–1906), director (1894–99) of the Moscow branch of the Russian Musical Society, a member of the construction commission new building of the conservatory in Moscow; Georgy Alekseevich Abrikosov was director of the board (in 1914 chairman) of the Partnership of the steam carpentry factory "F.M. Shemyakin and Co" on Alekseevskaya Street, in 1909–1916 he was elected as a member of the Moscow City Duma. Another brother Alexey Alekseevich Abrikosov also at one time he was director of the board of the Partnership of the steam carpentry factory "F.M. Shemyakin and Co." At the expense of six merchants, among whom were the Abrikosovs, the third floor of the Moscow Conservatory building was built. In addition, the Abrikosovs supported the existence of the conservatory financially. Nikolai Alekseevich Abrikosov had his own house in the village of Klyazma. In 1914, he donated a large supply of dressings to military hospitals, after which one of the streets in the village was named Abrikosovsky Park.
The Abrikosovs paid considerable attention to the life of their workers. For them, the products of the confectionery factory were sold at a large discount. The workers lived at the factory, in barracks. Meals for workers were organized in canteens, separately for men and women, and the menu varied significantly. If men received a three-course lunch, then women were content with a cup of boiling water and a piece of black bread for lunch. The average salary of men was 15 rubles per month. A hospital with a doctor and paramedic, a temple and an orchestra were opened at the factory. To recruit labor, the Abrikosovs sent agents to villages and invited everyone to visit the workshops on Thursdays, opening all the doors for two hours.
By the beginning of the 20th century, the Abrikosov partnership was a significant enterprise for those times: two thousand employees, 400 tons of caramel, sweets, chocolate and biscuits per year. The annual turnover was 2.526 million rubles. At the beginning of the new century, electric lighting was installed in the workshops, and the factory was equipped with the latest equipment. In addition to production workshops, it had a packaging workshop, where special types of packaging were developed. Their family house on the corner of Malaya Krasnoselskaya and Proezzhaya streets became a symbol of the Abrikosovs’ prosperity. It was built in Art Nouveau style in 1905. The Abrikosovs' house, as well as the factory buildings, have been preserved (Malaya Krasnoselskaya, 7). In 1913, the annual turnover of the enterprise amounted to 3.88 million rubles.
One of the most notable figures of the next generation of the family was Sergey Nikolaevich Abrikosov(died in the 1940s in Paris), since 1907 - fellow chairman, since 1915 - chairman of the Moscow Society of Confectionery Manufacturers, as well as chairman of the food council of the Society of Manufacturers and Breeders of the Moscow Industrial Region; one of the organizers of the Moscow Central Workers' Cooperative. At various times, the Abrikosovs were trustees of a number of city schools, a children's hospital named after V.E. Morozov, members of the Moscow Society of Free Apartments, and a number of charitable committees and societies.
In 1918, the factory was nationalized and received the name State Confectionery Factory No. 2. In 1922, it was named after the Moscow Bolshevik P.A. Babaev. In the 1990s, the factory received a new name - the Babaevsky concern, and has a number of subsidiaries. After the revolution, many of the Abrikosovs went abroad, but many remained. By the 21st century, about 150 descendants of A.I. Abrikosov lived in Moscow. But none of them continued the traditions of confectionery. Unusual fate Anna Abrikosova. After graduating from high school in Moscow, she studied at Oxford University and converted to Catholicism in England. Anna married her relative Vladimir Abrikosov, who also converted to Catholicism. The rich and open house of the Abrikosovs became a place of Catholic propaganda in Moscow. Having traveled abroad, Anna joined the Dominican Order and was named Catherine. She turned her house in Moscow into a kind of monastery. After the revolution, Vladimir Abrikosov, who was exiled abroad in 1922, also became a Catholic priest. Sister Ekaterina supported Catholic activities in Moscow until 1923, when she was arrested and exiled to Tobolsk. She later ended up in Yaroslavl prison, where she died of cancer in 1936.
The descendants of the Abrikosov family are Dmitry Ivanovich Abrikosov(grandson of A.I. Abrikosov) devoted many years to the diplomatic service in Japan; Khrisanf Nikolaevich Abrikosov(grandson of A.I. Abrikosov) - personal secretary of L.N. Tolstoy; Alexey Ivanovich Abrikosov(grandson of A.I. Abrikosov) - pathologist, author of several textbooks. His son, Alexey Alekseevich Abrikosov- physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (2003). In addition, the artists of the Moscow Vakhtangov Theater belong to this family A.L. Abrikosov and his son G.A.Abrikosov.