The blockade of Leningrad became the most difficult test for the inhabitants of the city in the entire history of the Northern capital. In the besieged city, according to various estimates, up to half of the population of Leningrad perished. The survivors did not even have the strength to mourn the dead: some were extremely exhausted, others were seriously injured. Despite hunger, cold and constant bombing, people found the courage to stand and defeat the Nazis. To judge what the inhabitants of the besieged city had to endure in those terrible years, one can use statistical data - the language of the numbers of besieged Leningrad.
872 days and nights
The blockade of Leningrad lasted exactly 872 days. The Germans encircled the city on September 8, 1941, and on January 27, 1944, the inhabitants of the northern capital rejoiced at the complete liberation of the city from the fascist blockade. For six months after the blockade was lifted, the enemies still remained near Leningrad: their troops were in Petrozavodsk and Vyborg. The soldiers of the Red Army drove the Nazis away from the approaches to the city during an offensive operation in the summer of 1944.
150 thousand shells
During the long months of the blockade, the Nazis dropped 150,000 heavy artillery shells and over 107,000 incendiary and high-explosive bombs on Leningrad. They destroyed 3,000 buildings and damaged more than 7,000. All the main monuments of the city survived: Leningraders hid them, covering them with sandbags and plywood shields. Some sculptures - for example, from the Summer Garden and horses from the Anichkov Bridge - were removed from their pedestals and buried in the ground until the end of the war.
There were bombings in Leningrad every day. Photo: AiF / Yana Khvatova
13 hours 14 minutes of shelling
Shelling in besieged Leningrad was daily: sometimes the Nazis attacked the city several times a day. People hid from the bombings in the basements of houses. On August 17, 1943, Leningrad was subjected to the longest shelling in the entire blockade. It lasted 13 hours and 14 minutes, during which the Germans dropped 2,000 shells on the city. Residents of besieged Leningrad admitted that the noise of enemy aircraft and exploding shells sounded in their heads for a long time.
Up to 1.5 million dead
By September 1941, the population of Leningrad and its suburbs was about 2.9 million people. The blockade of Leningrad, according to various estimates, claimed the lives of from 600 thousand to 1.5 million inhabitants of the city. Only 3% of people died from fascist bombings, the remaining 97% - from hunger: about 4 thousand people died from exhaustion every day. When food supplies ran out, people began to eat cake, wallpaper paste, leather belts and boots. Dead bodies lay on the streets of the city: this was considered a common situation. Often, when someone in the family died, people had to bury their relatives on their own.
1 million 615 thousand tons of cargo
On September 12, 1941, the Road of Life was opened - the only highway connecting the besieged city with the country. The road of life, laid on the ice of Lake Ladoga, saved Leningrad: about 1 million 615 thousand tons of goods - food, fuel and clothing were delivered to the city along it. During the blockade along the highway through Ladoga, more than a million people were evacuated from Leningrad.
125 grams of bread
Until the end of the first month of the blockade, the inhabitants of the besieged city received a fairly good bread ration. When it became obvious that the flour stocks would not be enough for a long time, the norm was sharply reduced. So, in November and December 1941, city employees, dependents and children received only 125 grams of bread per day. The workers were given 250 grams of bread each, and the composition of the paramilitary guards, fire brigades and fighter squads - 300 grams each. Contemporaries would not be able to eat blockade bread, because it was prepared from practically inedible impurities. Bread was baked from rye and oat flour with the addition of cellulose, wallpaper dust, pine needles, cake and unfiltered malt. The loaf turned out very bitter in taste and completely black.
1500 loudspeakers
After the beginning of the blockade, until the end of 1941, 1,500 loudspeakers were installed on the walls of Leningrad houses. Radio broadcasting in Leningrad was carried out around the clock, and the inhabitants of the city were forbidden to turn off their receivers: on the radio, announcers talked about the situation in the city. When the broadcast stopped, the sound of a metronome was broadcast on the radio. In the event of an alarm, the rhythm of the metronome accelerated, and after the completion of the shelling, it slowed down. Leningraders called the sound of the metronome on the radio the living heartbeat of the city.
98 thousand newborns
During the blockade, 95,000 children were born in Leningrad. Most of them, about 68 thousand newborns, were born in the autumn and winter of 1941. In 1942, 12.5 thousand children were born, and in 1943 - only 7.5 thousand. In order for the babies to survive, a farm of three thoroughbred cows was organized at the Pediatric Institute of the city so that the children could receive fresh milk: in most cases, young mothers did not have milk.
The children of besieged Leningrad suffered from dystrophy. Photo: Archival photo
-32° frost
The first blockade winter was the coldest in the besieged city. On some days the thermometer dropped to -32°C. The situation was aggravated by heavy snowfalls: by April 1942, when the snow should have melted, the height of the snowdrifts reached 53 centimeters. Leningraders lived without heating and electricity in their houses. To keep warm, the inhabitants of the city flooded stoves-potbelly stoves. Due to the lack of firewood, they burned everything inedible that was in the apartments: furniture, old things and books.
144 thousand liters of blood
Despite hunger and the most severe living conditions, Leningraders were ready to give their last for the front in order to hasten the victory of the Soviet troops. Every day, from 300 to 700 residents of the city donated blood for the wounded in hospitals, transferring the received material compensation to the defense fund. Subsequently, the Leningrad Donor aircraft will be built with this money. In total, during the blockade, Leningraders donated 144,000 liters of blood for front-line soldiers.
Book of Memory “Blockade. 1941 - 1944. Leningrad ”is a tribute to the grateful memory of descendants about the great feat of Leningraders.
This book is a kind of chronicle of the history of the unconquered people, reflecting the participation of the townspeople in the defense of Leningrad and the massive sacrifices that the front city suffered in the battle for life. The book is about the suffering of millions of inhabitants of the besieged city and those who, under the onslaught of the enemy, retreating, found refuge here.
The Book of Memory is a stern, courageous book, like a memorial plaque, forever imprinted so far only 629157 names of our fellow countrymen who died of hunger and disease, froze on the streets and in their apartments, died during shelling and bombing, missing in the besieged city itself. This martyrology is constantly being supplemented. During the years of publication of the Book of Memory “Blockade. 1941–1944 Leningrad” received 2,670 applications for the names of those who died in the blockade, and in preparation for the publication of the 35th volume, another 1,337 names were immortalized.
The world did not know such a huge scale of extermination of the civilian population, such a depth of human suffering. From “Memoirs and Reflections” of Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov (vol. 2, p. 192, M., 1995) - “The history of wars did not know such an example of mass heroism, courage, labor and combat prowess, which was shown defenders of Leningrad.
Heroism was shown by everyone who found themselves in the blockade ring, both soldiers and residents of the city - men and women, old people and children. All of them can rightly be called front-line soldiers in the defending front city. They bravely fought death, continuing to work; each in his post did everything to strengthen the defense and bring victory closer.
Year after year, from generation to generation, we will pass on this memory of the war, of the blockade, of the people who managed to ensure victory over fascism under inhuman conditions.
The main thing that the members of the editorial board were striving for was to return from oblivion and oblivion tens, hundreds of thousands of names of those who died in the besieged city of Leningrad.
It is not difficult to imagine the scale and complexity of this work, which is unlikely to ever be fully completed. After all, we still, to the greatest regret, cannot give the exact number of losses, not to mention the names, although more than 60 years have passed since the end of this longest battle of the Great Patriotic War - the battle for Leningrad and its nine hundred days of defense.
When compiling the lists of names, archival and many other documentary sources were used to the maximum extent. A significant contribution to the work of collecting information about the dead and compiling registration cards was made by the participants in those tragic events - the miraculously surviving residents of besieged Leningrad.
|
Zabello Viktor Mikhailovich, born in 1925 Place of residence: Skobelevsky pr., 9, apt. 16. Date of death: April 1942. Burial place: Preobrazhenskoe cemetery. (Blockade, v. 10) |
|
Zabello Evdokia Spiridonovna, born in 1895 Place of residence: 42/1 Selo Smolensky Ave., apt. 24. Date of death: September 1942. |
|
Zabello Leon Shimanovich, born in 1864 Place of residence: Bolshaya Porokhovskaya st., 53/55, apt. 64. Date of death: February 1942. Burial place: unknown. (Blockade, v. 10) |
|
Zabello Pavlina Evgenievna, born in 1894 Place of residence: st. Slutsky, 45, apt. 108. Date of death: May 1942. Burial place: unknown. (Blockade, v. 10) |
|
Zabello Faina Vasilievna, born in 1919 Date of death: October 1943. |
|
Zabello Evelina Ivanovna, born in 1882 Place of residence: Starorusskaya st., 9/20, apt. 94. Date of death: February 1942. Burial place: unknown. (Blockade, v. 10) |
|
Zabello Yakov Petrovich, born in 1883 Place of residence: P. S. Maly pr. Schroeder. Date of death: January 1942. Burial place: Serafimovskoye cemetery. (Blockade, v. 10) |
Zabello Mikhail Yakovlevich, b. 09/25/1928. Place of residence: Kurortny district. (They survived the Blockade, vol. 4)
Zabello Nina Lukyanovna, b. 05/02/1920. Place of residence: Grodno, st. Pushkina, 46, apt. 31. (They survived the Blockade, vol. 4)
Zabello Zabella Ignatiy Pavlovich, born in 1879 Place of residence: V. O., st. Vera Slutskaya, 14, apt. 22. Date of death: December 1942.
Burial place: Piskarevsky cemetery. (Blockade, v. 10)
The blockade of Leningrad is one of the most tragic pages in the history of World War II"People have changed..."
On September 7th, it will be exactly 70 years since the beginning of one of the most terrible pages of the Great Patriotic War. It would seem that over the past two decades, all the information about the blockade of Leningrad, hidden in the Soviet period, has been presented. However, every year the documents stored in the archives about the situation in those terrible years in the city on the Neva are declassified. Diaries kept by Leningraders dying of hunger are discovered. From them you can find out what the inhabitants were talking about in the first days of the war and the blockade, how they assessed the situation and the actions of the authorities, what they did and how they died.
The papers, hidden under the heading "top secret" for several decades, reveal a shocking truth.
The evacuation of residents and enterprises from Leningrad began on June 29, 1941. Many factories, research institutes, design and research organizations, theaters left the city.
On the morning of August 28, the last two echelons with evacuated Leningraders rushed past the Mga station. The station was captured by the Nazis, and the railway communication between the city and the country was interrupted. On the same day, the Nazi troops broke into the suburbs of Leningrad, German motorcyclists stopped the tram, following route No. 28: Strelna - Stremyannaya Street.
In the city, 216,378 people, registered and registered for evacuation, were sitting on bundles and suitcases. When the blockade ring closed, more than 2 million people remained there.
Elena Skryabina lived in Leningrad with her husband and two sons. They survived the terrible blockade winter of 1941-1942, after which Elena and her children were evacuated to Pyatigorsk, which was soon occupied by the Nazis. Elena had to work in labor camps in Poland and Germany. After the end of the war, she, wanting to save herself and her children from repression, did not return home. In the 1950s, Elena Skryabina emigrated from Germany to the United States, where she became a university professor and taught Russian literature.
From the diary of Elena Skryabina, which she kept in Leningrad during the blockade: “Friday, September 5, 1941.
We returned to the prehistoric era: life was reduced to one thing - to search for food. Calculate your food resources. It turns out that my stock is barely enough for a month. Maybe things will change later. And what change I hope for - I myself do not know. Now we come close to the most terrible famine. Tomorrow we are going to go out of town with Lyubochka Tarnovskaya to change cigarettes and vodka, which we got in a stall on the street opposite the house.
In the morning I sat with Yurik (the youngest son of Elena Scriabina, who was five years old. "SP") on the boulevard. My former classmate Miloradovich sat down with us. Without preamble, he started a conversation about how happy he was that the Germans were already under the city, that they were an incalculable force, that the city would not be surrendered today - tomorrow. He praised me for not leaving. “And this is just in case,” shows me a small revolver, “if my expectations are deceived.”
I didn't know how to react to his words. We are used to not trusting people. And there are many like him now. We are looking forward to the Germans as saviors.
I am writing half an hour after the new raid. I don’t know how long it all went on, but a few minutes after lights out we learned that a huge hospital a few blocks away from us had been damaged. It was only opened yesterday, and today the wounded were transported there. It is said that the bombers dived on this building. It flared up instantly. Most of the wounded died, they did not have time to save.
And we were told all the time that Leningrad was inaccessible, that there would be no raids. That's unavailable! Air defense turned out to be a soap bubble. Security guarantee is an empty phrase.
The daily norm of bread has been reduced to 250 grams. Since there is almost nothing but bread, this decrease is very noticeable. I am still trying to get potatoes and vegetables in the surrounding villages in exchange for things. How painful these exchanges are! Yesterday I walked all day. I had cigarettes, my husband's boots and ladies' stockings. You feel like a pathetic beggar. Everywhere you have to persuade, literally beg. The peasants are already inundated with beautiful things. They don't even want to talk. In a short time, the terrible year of 1918 returned. Then the townspeople, like beggars, begged for potatoes and flour in the villages in exchange for carpets, furs, rings, earrings and other valuables. Exhausted to the last degree, I finally exchanged all my goods for a pood of potatoes and two liters of milk. I don't know how long I can keep mining like this.
Literally before our eyes, people go wild. Who would have thought that Irina Levitskaya, until recently such a calm, beautiful woman, could beat her husband, whom she had always adored? And for what? Because he wants to eat all the time, he can never get enough ...
Almost all people have become different as a result of hunger, blockade, stalemate.
I don’t go to the market: there is absolutely nothing to change. What I can offer does not interest buyers. And the markets are littered with beautiful things: high quality fabrics, cuts for suits and coats, expensive dresses, furs. Only for such things you can get bread and vegetable oil. It is no longer rumored, but according to reliable sources, that is, according to information from the police districts, it is known that a lot of sausages, jelly and the like, made from human meat, appeared on the market. Reason admits even this terrible possibility: people have reached the limit and are capable of anything.
My husband warned me not to let Yurochka go for walks far from home, even with a nanny. The children were the first to disappear.
"We will no longer fight the Germans..."
In November 1941, the first cases of loss of consciousness from starvation in the streets, shops and workplaces were noted, and then deaths from exhaustion. This month a real famine began in Leningrad.
After the onset of winter, the city almost ran out of fuel. The centralized heating of houses stopped, the water supply and sewerage were turned off.
Due to the lack of electricity and the destruction of contact networks, the movement of trams and trolleybuses stopped.
During the blockade, the mood of the Leningraders was monitored by the UNKVD. Letters were checked, and numerous informants reported on "anti-Soviet" conversations and "negative phenomena."
One of the reports said that some Leningraders reacted to Stalin’s appeal to the people in November 1941 as follows: “For 24 years they have brought the country to collapse and death, and now they say:“ Fight to the end - victory will be ours. But we have almost no planes and tanks, and they have a lot. Where is the logic? This is madness. They gave Ukraine, Belarus - the best central and southern regions - and said: "The enemy is exhausted, we will win." “Stalin did not open up any real prospects for the defeat of Germany. England and America help us only in words, they hate the USSR.” “They transferred advanced military technologies in aircraft construction to Germany before the war, but they themselves were not prepared for the war.” “The government of the USSR is not ready to solve the problem of breaking the blockade on its own. Only a second front will help us.”
The documents of the UNKVD say that in November 1941 the number of "anti-Soviet leaflets" distributed throughout the city increased. Unknown persons scattered many leaflets in the early morning, under the cover of darkness, on the territory of the Moscow railway station. The search for distributors was unsuccessful.
UNKVD noted that these leaflets, in contrast to leaflets dropped by the enemy, aroused confidence among the population, since they contained appeals that corresponded to the situation.
Anonymous letters addressed to Stalin, Molotov and Zhdanov were delayed. One of them said: “We, Russian women, inform you Comrade. Molotov that we will no longer fight the Germans. We will recall our husbands, sons, brothers from the front, we will surrender all Russian cities to the Germans without a fight, without resistance, for further resistance is useless bloodshed. We no longer believe in your laws."
In the same month, the documents contain the statements of Leningraders recorded by agents: “I will not hesitate to sacrifice my life if it will be useful. It is necessary to create an organization, to unite all the dissatisfied around a major figure. “We must first organize a group of a hundred people and begin to act. It is necessary to write leaflets with an appeal to the people. The Red Army will be with us." “Our leaders will do whatever they want with us, because we do not know how to act in an organized manner, as a whole plant or factory, but express dissatisfaction one by one or in small groups.”
And these statements of the inhabitants of the city were recorded in December: "The workers are waiting for the moment to speak out against the Soviet regime." “If the Soviet government is weak, then let the city surrender. Under the tsar, they didn’t want pies, but now they are dying like flies.” “The people were crushed by taxes, loans, high prices. The Red Army soldiers do not want to defend the power of the communists. "The city must capitulate, since attempts to break the blockade have not led to anything." "The Germans are a cultured nation, they will take care of the conquered city."
Scientists said: "The war will lead to a change in the political system, a democratic principle will operate in Russia." “The ideology of communism is hopeless. England and the United States will help establish a democratic form of government." "The people are clamped down, the words will not be allowed to be uttered." “Only a callous attitude towards scientists can explain that janitors are given a ration of bread more than scientists. Our only hope is that the war will bring about a change for the better.”
In the same month, a leaflet fell into the hands of UNKVD workers, which said: “Down with the war, down with this system that is destroying our life. By December 25, we must rise. There were already strikes at the Kirov factory, but it was too early. Before the 23rd, it is necessary to come to an agreement between the shops, and on the 24th, contact the shop with the shop. On the 25th in the morning, do not start work, but only in an organized manner - they will shoot single people.
“There is only one lie in the reports and newspapers”
The winter of 1941-1942 was much colder than in previous years.
Residents of Leningrad heated their apartments with mini-stoves. They burned everything that could burn, including furniture and books.
Families in most cases did not die out immediately, but one by one. Those who could walk brought food purchased with cards. In that terrible winter, a lot of snow fell, which was not removed. Exhausted by hunger, people moved through the streets with great difficulty.
In February 1942, such conversations were recorded: "We need to get together and go to Smolny, demand bread and peace." "We need to organize a strike." "We need to smash the stores." “There will be no Soviet power after the end of the war. They will appoint a president at the direction of England and America. “There is no starvation in Germany. The employees there are better off than the workers. We don't have the truth. In reports and newspapers there is only lies. “If the Germans come, they won’t hang everyone, they will hang those who need it.”
The "Enkavedeshniki" zealously fought against the "anti-Soviet". On some days in January 1942, 20 people were arrested. But many Leningraders, barely alive from hunger and cold, continued to criticize the authorities.
The statements of the inhabitants of Leningrad, reflected in the documents of the NKVD in January and February 1942: "In no country have they brought their people to such a famine." "People die of starvation, but do not rebel against the rulers." "Things will come to the point that the people will demand to hand over the city to the Germans." “Everything was taken from the workers. We have no bread, no water, no heat, no light. The savages had food, fire and water, but we don't have that either." “Leningrad is abandoned by our leaders to the mercy of fate. They are obviously sacrificing it so that the Soviet government can survive.”
In the reports of the UNKVD, there are many references to the fact that Leningraders spoke about the need to conclude a separate peace with Germany. They did not believe in a quick victory and doubted the need for resistance. All of Europe is working for Germany, but no one wants to help the USSR.
Many residents believed that Leningrad should be handed over to a "neutral country" and then the "senseless" torment would end.
It is impossible for us to imagine what Leningraders experienced during the siege years. Despite hunger, cold and living without basic amenities, people did their best to do the work assigned to them, - says St. Petersburg historian Alla Raznochinova. - The messages of the Sovinformburo about the fall of Sevastopol and Novorossiysk and other failures of the Red Army had a depressing effect on the Leningraders. The people became convinced that the Red Army would not lift the blockade. They were exhausted to the extreme. The blockade ring was broken on January 18, 1943, however, until the blockade was completely lifted - on January 27, 1944, Leningraders had to wait another whole year. The blockade of the city lasted 872 days.
According to official statistics, in January and February 1942, approximately 130,000 people died in the city every month, 100,000 died in March, 50,000 died in May, 25,000 died in July, and 7,000 died in September. The decrease in mortality was due to the fact that the weakest - the elderly, children and sick people - had already died. According to recent studies, during the first, most difficult year of the blockade, approximately 780,000 Leningraders died.
The list of residents of Leningrad presented here, who died during the blockade of the city by the Nazi troops during the Great Patriotic War, is an analogue of the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944".
The placement of this list in the Consolidated Database is the result of cooperation between the All-Russian Information and Search Center "Fatherland" and Prince Vladimir Cathedral in St. Petersburg, where the All-Russian Commemoration Book was created in 2008.
The list contains 629 081
record. Of these, 586334 people know the place of residence, 318312 people - the place of burial.
An electronic version of the book is also available on the website. project "Returned Names" Russian National Library and in the Generalized Computer Data Bank of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation OBD "Memorial" .
About the printed book:
Book of memory "Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944". In 35 volumes. 1996-2008 Circulation 250 copies.
Government of St. Petersburg.
Chairman of the Editorial Board Shcherbakov V.N.
Head of the working group on the creation of the Book of Memory Shapovalov V.L.
The electronic data bank for the Book of Memory was provided by the archive of the State Institution "Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery".
FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD
Book of memory "Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944" - a printed version of the electronic data bank about the inhabitants of Leningrad, who died during the blockade of the city by the Nazi troops during the Great Patriotic War.
To preserve the memory of every deceased resident of the hero city, whether it is a person of mature years, a teenager or a young child - this is the task of this publication.
Preparations for the release of the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944”, the formation of a data bank on civilians who died during the blockade was carried out simultaneously with the creation of the Book of Memory of the fallen Leningrad servicemen - on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the victory of our people in the Great Patriotic War. The boundless courage, steadfastness and the highest sense of duty of the inhabitants of besieged Leningrad are rightfully equated with the military feat of the defenders of the city.
The losses of Leningrad during the years of the blockade are enormous, they amounted to over 600 thousand people. The volume of the printed martyrology is 35 volumes.
The documentary basis of the electronic Book of Memory, as well as its printed version, is information provided by numerous archives. Among them are the Central State Archives of St. Petersburg, the State City and Regional Archives and the archives of the regional departments of the registry office of St. Petersburg, the archives of city cemeteries, as well as the archives of various institutions, organizations, enterprises, educational institutions, etc.
Work on the collection and systematization of documentary data was carried out by working groups created under the administrations of 24 districts of St. Petersburg (the territorial division of the city at the beginning of work on collecting information in 1992). The participants of the search groups worked in close cooperation with the initiators of the creation of the Book of Memory - members of the city society "Inhabitants of besieged Leningrad" and its regional branches. These groups conducted surveys of citizens at their place of residence, organized meetings and conversations with residents of besieged Leningrad, with front-line soldiers in order to collect missing information or clarify existing data. Surviving house registration books were carefully studied everywhere.
A great contribution to the preparation of the materials of the Memory Book “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944" was contributed by the researchers of the Museum at the Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery and the Museum "Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad" (a branch of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg).
Many letters and applications with information about the dead in besieged Leningrad have been received and continue to be received by the editorial board from all republics, territories, regions of the Russian Federation, from countries near and far abroad through the International Association of Siege Heroes of Leningrad.
Territorial borders of the Memory Book “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944 "- a large blockade ring: the cities of Leningrad, Kronstadt, part of the Slutsk, Vsevolozhsk and Pargolovsky districts of the Leningrad region - and a small blockade ring: the Oranienbaum bridgehead.
The Book of Memory includes information about the civilians of these territories who died during the blockade. Among them, along with the indigenous population of these places, are numerous refugees from Karelia, the Baltic states and remote areas of the Leningrad region, occupied by the enemy.
The chronological framework of the Book of Memory: September 8, 1941 - January 27, 1944. The first date is the tragic day of the beginning of the blockade. On this day, enemy troops cut off the land communications of the city with the country. The second date is the day of complete liberation from the blockade. Information about civilians, whose lives were cut short during the period indicated by these dates, is included in the Book of Memory.
Memorial records of the dead are arranged in alphabetical order of their surnames. These records, identical in form, contain the following information: last name, first name, patronymic of the deceased, year of birth, place of residence (at the time of death), date of death and place of burial.
Not all entries have the full composition of this data. There are also those where only separate, sometimes scattered and fragmentary information has been preserved about the dead. In the conditions of the city-front during the months of mass deaths of residents, it was not possible to organize the registration of all the dead in the prescribed manner, with the recording of data about them in proper completeness. In the most difficult months of the blockade, in the winter of 1941-1942, there were almost no individual burials. During this period, mass burials were made in cemeteries, trench burials near medical institutions, hospitals, enterprises, and in wastelands. By decision of the city authorities, cremation was organized in the city in the ovens of the Izhora Plant and Brick Plant No. 1. For these reasons, about half of the memorial records contain an indication that the place of burial is unknown. More than half a century after the end of the war, it was impossible to restore these data.
Variant information about the deceased is given in slash brackets. Information, the reliability of which is doubtful, is indicated by a question mark in parentheses. Scattered and fragmentary information about the place of residence are enclosed in angle brackets.
The names of settlements located outside the city, their administrative affiliation, the names of the streets in them, as well as the names of the streets of Leningrad, are indicated as of 1941-1944.
Everyone who happens to turn to the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944”, please note the following. Mistakes are possible in non-Russian names. Errors of this kind are marked either by a question mark in parentheses, or by indicating the correct forms in slash brackets. Only obvious spelling errors have been fixed.
In the Book of Memory there are entries that can be attributed to the same person. These records differ most often only in information about the place of residence of the deceased. This has its own explanation: at one address a person was registered and lived permanently, at another address he ended up due to the tragic circumstances of the siege. None of these paired records can be excluded due to insufficient documentary justification.
In the Book of Memory, generally accepted and commonly understood abbreviations are used.
Anyone who has any information about the dead in the blockade ring, please contact the editorial board at the following address: 195273, St. Petersburg, Nepokorennykh Ave., 72, State Institution "Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery". Book of memory "Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944".
Where to look for information about a man who died in the siege of Leningrad in the militia? and got the best answer
Answer from Konstantin (CAT)[guru]
Well, I think it’s worth contacting the city archives ... If anything, they'll tell you where to look...
Answer from EREND[expert]
25.04.2007 21:21
April 25, Minsk /Yulia Podleshchuk - BELTA/. The solemn ceremony of transferring 12 volumes of the Books of Memory "Leningrad. Siege. 1941-1944" and "They Survived the Siege" to the museum, as well as a commemorative meeting of members of the Minsk city public organization "Defenders and residents of besieged Leningrad", war veterans and siege survivors took place today in the Belarusian State Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War.
Mark Bayrashevsky, chairman of the organization Defenders and Residents of Besieged Leningrad, told a BelTA correspondent that the books are published in St. Petersburg on the initiative of the International Association of Public Organizations of Siege Heroes of Leningrad. The weight of one volume is about 5 kg.
The volumes donated to the Minsk Museum are a printed version of an electronic database that has been collected in recent years: the names and surnames of those killed, indicating their places of burial during the siege of the city on the Neva, as well as addresses and other information about the survivors of this tragedy. Copies of the documents were taken from the electronic Books of Memory, which are currently located at the Peskarevsky cemetery in St. Petersburg, where the blockade survivors are buried.
"Books of memory" Leningrad. Blockade. 1941-1944" and "They Survived the Siege" are of great national and historical value," said Mark Bayrashevsky. According to Mark Bayrashevsky, visitors to the Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War are in demand for books of memory from St. Petersburg. Thanks to them, relatives are looking for the burial places of the dead Leningraders.
Find this book in your city.
Blockade, 1941-1944. Leningrad: Book of Memory.
In 36 volumes / [editor: prev. Shcherbakov V.N. and others]. - St. Petersburg: Notabene, 1998.
Book of memory "Leningrad. Blockade. 1941 - 1944" - a printed version of the electronic databank about the inhabitants of Leningrad, who died during the blockade of the city by the Nazi troops during the Great Patriotic War.
Preparations for the release of the Book of Memory “Leningrad. Blockade. 1941 -1944" was carried out simultaneously with the creation of the Book of Memory of the fallen soldiers of Leningrad - to the 50th anniversary of the victory of our people in the Great Patriotic War. The boundless courage, steadfastness and the highest sense of duty of the inhabitants of besieged Leningrad are rightfully equated with the military feat of the defenders of the city.
The documentary basis of the Book of Memory is information provided by numerous archives. Among them are the Central State Archives of St. Petersburg, the State City and Regional Archives and the archives of the regional departments of the registry office of St. Petersburg, the archives of city cemeteries, as well as the archives of various institutions, organizations, enterprises, educational institutions, etc.
Memorial records of the deceased are arranged in alphabetical order and contain the following information: last name, first name, patronymic of the deceased, year of his birth, place of residence (at the time of death), date of death and place of burial.
The territorial boundaries of the Book are a large blockade ring: the cities of Leningrad, Kronstadt, part of the Slutsky, Vsevolozhsky and Pargolovsky districts of the Leningrad region - and a small blockade ring: the Oranienbaum bridgehead.
It includes information about the civilians who died during the blockade of these territories. Among them, along with the indigenous population of these places, are numerous refugees from Karelia, the Baltic states and remote areas of the Leningrad region, occupied by the enemy.
The chronological framework of the Book of Memory: September 8, 1941 - January 27, 1944. The first date is the tragic day of the beginning of the blockade. On this day, enemy troops cut off the land communications of the city with the country. The second date is the day of complete liberation from the blockade. Information about civilians, whose lives were cut short during the period indicated by these dates, is included in the Book of Memory.
http://www.goldenunion.net/news/new30198.htm
[link will appear after verification by the moderator]